Transcript Highlights:

• Yeah, as the easy one first.
• Stan, do you want to start first since you're the presenter on this bill?
• First, thank you for, I'm sure you're the best manager that I've ever had then.
• Chairman, Senator Cundration, well, first of all, we do have water stored. That's one area.
• Chair, can I have Megan McGovern first, and I'll follow? Okay, sounds good. All right.

Committee: Senate Senate Natural Resources Committee of Reference

Summary: The committee first heard an informational presentation on transportation fuel supply in Arizona from Gordon Shemp of Nemecu Analytics. He described Arizona’s dependence on pipeline deliveries, limited terminal inventories, and the resulting vulnerability to outages and price spikes. He also discussed recent refinery closures in California, increased imports from overseas, and a proposed Kinder Morgan project that could add east-to-west capacity into Phoenix. Committee members asked about fuel formulations and how many fuel types move through the system; Shemp said the project would not change destination fuel specifications and that multiple fuel products already move through the pipelines. The committee then took up House Bill 2758, which would allow groundwater transport from the McMullen Valley basin to an initial AMA and related uses, with provisions for eligible entities, transportation fees, and water improvement programs. Supporters, including Stan Barnes, Jim Downing, and Barry Arons, argued the bill follows the 1991 transfer-basin framework, provides needed water augmentation for urban Arizona, and includes local benefits and guardrails. Opponents, including La Paz County Supervisor Holly Irwin, Devonna Sater, and Ed Curry, said the bill would worsen groundwater decline, subsidence, and well failures in Salome and Wenden and favored rural communities being used to solve urban water shortages. The committee approved HB 2758 on a 4-3 vote. The committee also considered HB 2078, which clarifies that certain aggregate mining reclamation notice requirements apply only to new reclamation plans and new aggregate operations, not existing mines. The sponsor said the bill fixes confusion from prior legislation, and the committee passed it 5-0. HB 2031, extending the deadline for applying for a certificate of grandfathered right in the Wilcox AMA from 15 to 27 months, also passed after some members argued the extension was needed for affected applicants while others said it would delay needed protections. HB 2102, allowing county improvement districts in certain basins to use eminent domain for a well and standpipe site and to operate domestic water delivery systems, and HB 2103, allowing gifts and fee revenues to support water hauling and local water improvement programs, both passed 4-3 despite opposition that they were only partial fixes. Later, HB 2117, which increases the annual distribution cap for conservation district education centers and shifts Environmental Special Plate Fund disbursements to the Natural Resource Conservation Board, passed 5-2 after supporters called it a technical cleanup and one member objected to changing the administering entity. HB 2261, revising agricultural property tax valuation terminology and requiring income-based valuation for agricultural real property, passed 4-3 after assessors and county representatives warned it would remove agricultural improvements from the tax rolls and shift costs to homeowners, while farm groups said it would clarify and stabilize agricultural taxation. Finally, HB 2262, transferring the Resource Analysis Division from the State Land Department to the Arizona Geological Survey and changing related geospatial advisory duties, was presented with State Land Department concerns that the bill left several duties and funding questions unclear; the transcript ends before any final action on HB 2262.

Transcript Highlights:

• I currently attend ASU as a first-year student studying political science.
• This is my first legislative session here at the Arizona State Senate.
• Hopefully, we'll get our first unanimous... Mr.
• I have a First Amendment right to speak. I have a First Amendment right to speak.
• First of all, it just hurts my heart that that would even be suggested.

Bills: HB2015 , HB2060 , HB2129 , HB2170 , HB2210 , HB2228 , HB2352 , HB2460 , HB2533 , SB1019 , SB1045 , SB1050 , SB1078 , SB1083 , SB1167 , SB1184 , SCR1006

Committee: Senate Government

Keywords: budget procedures, late filing penalty, accounting standards, financial reporting, state appropriations, abortion, educational institutions, health education, state aid, public schools, municipal libraries, annual reporting, state legislation, transparency, government accountability, procurement, foreign adversary, China, state contracts, information technology

Transcript Highlights:

• Okay, we'll just let the opposition go first. First up in opposition, please begin when ready.
• First up in opposition, please begin when ready.
• Those bills will be paid first.
• First one this year from you, so I'm going to be excited about this.
• We have to do that first and meet that criteria.

Committee: House Commerce

Keywords: 959, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• First on the agenda is evaluating competency.
• First of all, the Law and Mental Health Series has had a...
• So that's been the first barrier to really making this work.
• So first is liability.
• My first question is for the folks from the Immigrant Law Center and from SOMOS.

Committee: House Courts, Corrections & Justice Committee

Transcript Highlights:

• Um, Secretary, call the first House message. Message from the House. Mr.
• We got a couple more House messages first. Message from the House. Mr.
• Secretary, call the first bill on page 57 of the calendar. Senate Bill Number...
• The first time that we did... two mics. The first time that we did it, I was at that mic.
• Your son, when he goes with me, he's in ninth grade, growing.

Bills: SJR 12 , SJR 37 , SB 7 , SB 8 , SB 16 , SB 27 , SB 108 , SB 125 , SB 207 , SB 251 , SB 318 , SB 371 , SB 379 , SB 396 , SB 406 , SB 472 , SB 503 , SB 533 , SB 578 , SB 599 , SB 608 , SB 617 , SB 621 , SB 689 , SB 707 , SB 763 , SB 836 , SB 854 , SB 856 , SB 857 , SB 875 , SB 878 , SB 906 , SB 922 , SB 942 , SB 965 , SB 985 , SB 988 , SB 1021 , SB 1059 , SB 1084 , SB 1098 , SB 1185 , SB 1188 , SB 1202 , SB 1207 , SB 1307 , SB 1321 , SB 1330 , SB 1366 , SB 1388 , SB 1396 , SB 1453 , SB 1484 , SB 1497 , SB 1498 , SB 1535 , SB 1563 , SB 1596 , SB 1610 , SB 1619 , SB 1737 , SB 1738 , SB 1741 , SB 1816 , SB 1822 , SB 1841 , SB 1939 , SB 2188 , SJR 36 , SJR 12 , SJR 37 , SJR 81 , SJR 50 , SCR 22 , SCR 12 , SCR 39 , SB 875 , SB 318 , SB 707 , SB 765 , SB 62 , SB 666 , SB 888 , SB 687 , SB 847 , SB 1248 , SB 504 , SB 857 , SB 305 , SB 296 , SB 284 , SB 1497 , SB 1498 , SB 241 , SB 304 , SB 621 , SB 1023 , SB 371 , SB 204 , SB 609 , SB 670 , SB 850 , SB 854 , SB 413 , SB 1346 , SB 1033 , SB 1220 , SB 1073 , SB 810 , SB 1539 , SB 447 , SB 406 , SB 985 , SB 965 , SB 1119 , SB 1505 , SB 1215 , SB 1302 , SB 856 , SB 583 , SB 673 , SB 681 , SB 1172 , SB 608 , SB 955 , SB 957 , SB 1021 , SB 1120 , SB 251 , SB 541 , SB 1737 , SB 266 , SB 1415 , SB 125 , SB 599 , SB 1330 , SB 53 , SB 1352 , SB 785 , SB 472 , SB 1450 , SB 1502 , SB 1566 , SB 414 , SB 1062 , SB 578 , SB 711 , SB 746 , SB 942 , SB 1404 , SB 1448 , SB 1738 , SB 108 , SB 8 , SB 507 , SB 533 , SB 689 , SB 1026 , SB 1349 , SB 1355 , SB 1433 , SB 1434 , SB 1596 , SB 1403 , SB 763 , SB 667 , SB 1059 , SB 617 , SB 1567 , SB 503 , SB 16 , SB 310 , SB 311 , SB 396 , SB 505 , SB 1209 , SB 1210 , SB 1470 , SB 264 , SB 1029 , SB 1185 , SB 1358 , SB 1364 , SB 1569 , SB 1376 , SB 1228 , SB 519 , SB 878 , SB 1350 , SB 462 , SB 1535 , SB 827 , SB 1585 , SB 207 , SB 1207 , SB 1619 , SB 1396 , SB 920 , SB 1484 , SB 1273 , SB 1741 , SB 7 , SB 927 , SB 1227 , SB 1229 , SB 1353 , SB 1366 , SB 1464 , SB 1709 , SB 1729 , SB 1733 , SB 1744 , SB 1772 , SB 1816 , SB 1841 , SB 2188 , SB 1147 , SB 879 , SB 1008 , SB 1536 , SB 2016 , SB 1453 , SB 1173 , SB 1163 , SB 996 , SB 27 , SB 568 , SB 1370 , SB 1321 , SB 1101 , SB 906 , SB 860 , SB 1563 , SB 993 , SB 693 , SB 1610 , SB 1537 , SB 836 , SB 1332 , SB 1307 , SB 963 , SB 493 , SB 922 , SB 984 , SB 1084 , SB 619 , SB 1098 , SB 1122 , SB 455 , SB 522 , SB 1057 , SB 1239 , SB 1254 , SB 1255 , SB 1259 , SB 1341 , SB 1664 , SB 1877 , SB 464 , SB 1277 , SB 32 , SB 732 , SB 660 , SB 731 , SB 921 , SB 268 , SB 1822 , SB 1188 , SB 1939 , SB 1589 , SB 397 , SB 1388 , SB 2230 , SB 1058 , SB 1036 , SB 1267 , SB 2112 , SB 1930 , SB 532 , SB 1035 , SB 2155 , SB 508 , SB 29 , SB 292 , SB 291 , SB 901 , SB 1333 , SB 1436 , SB 1494 , SB 964 , SB 779 , SB 1378 , SB 2312 , SB 1719 , SB 1386 , SB 287 , SB 2143 , SB 1245 , SB 261 , SB 1247 , SB 1948 , SB 2406 , SB 2407 , SB 1882 , SB 1197 , SB 1814 , SB 618 , SB 38 , SJR 37 , SB 108 , SB 207 , SB 251 , SB 472 , SB 503 , SB 599 , SB 621 , SB 856 , SB 1021 , SB 1185 , SB 1207 , SB 1330 , SB 1497 , SB 1535 , SB 1619 , SB 8 , SB 16 , SB 371 , SB 396 , SB 533 , SB 965 , SR 338 , SR 350 , SB 2076 , SB 1498 , SB 8 , SB 16 , SB 318 , SB 371 , SB 396 , SB 533 , SB 707 , SB 875 , SB 965 , SB 2076

Keywords: parental rights, education, constitutional amendment, school choice, child education, voter ID, citizenship, election integrity, voting rights, water infrastructure, financial assistance, Texas Water Development Board, water supply, environmental sustainability, immigration enforcement, ICE agreements, sheriff grants, law enforcement, county jail, federal immigration law

Transcript Highlights:

• First Class Jacob Caesar. Thank you also First Class Jacob Caesar.
• </c> processing it for the first time. processing it for the first time.
• Uh the first is Private First comrades.
• They put others first. They do best. They put others first.
• </c> this bill in the first place. this bill in the first place.

Keywords: 981, all

Transcript Highlights:

• </c> those funds of 454 million in the first those funds of 454 million in the first bianium<00:09:35.839
• Uh the first is 1.8 8 million and 294.
• The first of transportation sales tax.
• </c> greater efficiency and a fixative first greater efficiency and a fixative first approach<01:59:19.520
• You can talk about first and foremost.

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• So this amendment restores that first paragraph in there.
• Well, first of all, do you yield, gentlemen? I yield, thank you. Thank you.
• I bought my first cow when I was eight years old. Okay.
• Certified Angus is only quality grade.
• First time doing it, so there you go. All right. Thank you very much for having me.

Committee: House Corrections and Public Institutions

Summary: The committee first took up executive action on Senate Bill 890. Members explained that the House committee substitute combined provisions from related bills, changed the title to accommodate an amendment, and restored language that had been unintentionally repealed in section 217.550. The amendment was adopted, the substitute was adopted, and the House Committee Substitute for SB 890 was voted do pass by a roll call of 11 ayes and 1 no. The committee then heard Senate Bill 945 from Senator Carla May, which would raise the civil filing surcharge in the city of St. Louis from $15 to up to $20 to support the law library and related court services. Senator May and a representative of the Law Library Association of St. Louis testified that the surcharge had not been raised since 1996, that costs had increased, and that the increase would help maintain legal research resources and public access. Questions focused on whether the amount was sufficient and what other funding sources existed; there was no opposition testimony. Finally, the committee heard House Concurrent Resolution 29, which urges Congress to restore mandatory country-of-origin labeling for beef and pork. The sponsor and supporters argued that consumers should know where meat comes from, that independent cattle producers are harmed by consolidation in the packing industry, and that voluntary labeling is inadequate. Opponents from the Missouri Farm Bureau, Missouri Chamber of Commerce, and Missouri Pork Association argued that mandatory labeling adds regulatory burden, is not supported by consumer purchasing data, and should remain voluntary. The hearing included extensive testimony from cattle producers and consumers, but no vote on HCR 29 was taken in the portion provided.

Transcript Highlights:

• Would you like to lay out your bill first and then send up your committee substitute?
• Would you like for me to lay that out, or first explain your original bill?
• Who wants to begin first?
• Thank you, Senator Hinojosa, for your first leg out in Senate Health and Human Services.
• First time to submit. That's really good. We like brevity in here. Okay, I'm good.

Bills: SB227 , SB269 , SB407 , SB463 , SB527 , SB547 , SB1283 , SB1380 , SB1383 , SB1511 , SB1640 , SB1784 , SB2069

Committee: Senate Health & Human Services

Keywords: school funding, education reform, state budget, property taxes, equity in education, healthcare policy, vaccines, exemptions, religious beliefs, public health, workplace violence, healthcare facilities, definition expansion, safety regulations, health and safety code, health insurance, anesthesia, pediatric dental services, coverage, medical necessity

Transcript Highlights:

• </c><00:46:40.839><c> math</c> my fourth grade math my fourth grade math so<00:46:42.680><c> all</c><
• </c><00:47:43.359><c> recognize</c> I'm gonna first recognize I'm gonna first recognize myself<00:47:
• </c> I could uh speak to the amendment first I could uh speak to the amendment first um um<01:25:40.840
• </c> want to speak oh yes I do yes um first want to speak oh yes I do yes um first of<02:04:25.400><c
• </c><03:20:48.760><c> move</c> did I we have to first move did I we have to first move OTP<03:20:51.600

Keywords: 928, house, all

Summary: The House Judiciary Committee met in executive session and first took up HB 148, which would allow classification by biological sex in limited circumstances such as multi-use bathrooms, certain athletic events, and involuntary commitment facilities. Supporters argued the bill was needed to protect privacy and safety, especially for women and girls, and said it was consistent with recent federal actions and prior legislation. Opponents said the bill lacked a clear definition of biological sex, could create confusion and discrimination, and was unnecessary because existing law and sports rules already address the issues raised. After debate, the committee voted 10-8 to recommend ought to pass on HB 148. The chair asked for a majority report and noted that a minority report would likely be filed. The committee then considered HB 254, a bill related to end-of-life medical decision-making. Supporters framed it as a matter of liberty and relief from suffering for terminally ill patients, while opponents raised moral objections, concerns about suicide being normalized, and worries about deceptive wording and death-certificate reporting. HB 254 was approved on an 11-7 vote for ought to pass, with the chair indicating he would write the majority report and Representative Perez the minority report. The committee then moved to HB 611 with Amendment 2025-0638, a replace-all amendment restoring prior law on recoupment of appointed-counsel costs from indigent criminal defendants and juveniles. The chair explained the amendment as reversing 2020 changes that had limited cost recovery, and the discussion focused on financial affidavits and the Office of Cost Containment’s ability to review indigency claims. The transcript cuts off before the committee vote on HB 611.

Transcript Highlights:

• Um, first up will be the man for it. Um, first up will be Kaylee<00:43:38.319><c> Estradio.
• </c> the first hour. the first hour.
• Um, so First Amendment.
• Um, so first amendment. So, is followup. Um, so first amendment.
• And then is it the first time Yes.

Committee: House Election Law

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• First is Dr. Royce recognize today. First is Dr.
• The first is technical.
• The first is technical.
• Clerk, read the first bill. All right, clerk, read the first bill.
• Clerk, read the first 53. Calendar 53. Clerk, read the first bill.

Keywords: Senate streaming session for Monday, April 13, 2026, 960, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• </c> the kid number one also so that's first the kid number one also so that's first point<00:22:33.720
• Hungry children repeat grades twice as often.
• </c><01:50:05.119><c> Step</c> to do but any First Step to do but any First Step um<01:50:08.199><c>
• </c><02:03:59.639><c> to</c> reasoning is still the same so first to reasoning is still the same so first
• So first I just want to share something.

Committee: Senate Education

Keywords: 1191, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• </c> practical so the the first practical so the the first constitutional<00:22:53.480><c> issue</c><
• </c><01:02:26.319><c> I</c><01:02:26.480><c> first</c> was that background that first I first was that
• background that first I first uh<01:02:27.480><c> cut</c><01:02:27.720><c> my</c><01:02:27.920><c> teeth
• </c><01:48:03.520><c> and</c> answer so uh representative C first and answer so uh representative C first
• </c><01:49:42.920><c> tool</c><01:49:43.400><c> is</c> first my first problem solving tool is first my

Committee: House Election Law

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• My first committee is Ledge Admin, where I serve as Vice Chair.
• This is my first term on Edna.
• We will have a first caucus so people can get used to the idea.
• </c><00:35:21.320><c> term</c><00:35:21.760><c> that</c> side my uh first term that side my uh first
• </c> Pearson you were on Edna when I first Pearson you were on Edna when I first started<01:08:01.559

Keywords: 928, house, all

Summary: The committee held an orientation for new and returning members of the House committee on agencies and administration, with introductions from members and staff. Chair Carol Maguire outlined her expectations for hearings: keep questions focused on the bill, be respectful to witnesses, and use the committee’s orientation opportunities to learn about the jail staff, retirement system, and Office of Professional Licensure. Members also discussed related assignments on other bodies, including the Joint Legislative Committee on Administrative Rules and the Joint Committee on Employee Classification, and noted that some members already serve on those panels. A substantial portion of the meeting focused on the State Building Code and the committee’s upcoming workload. Members explained how the state code is intended to provide a common baseline while allowing limited local options, and why municipalities must formally adopt and publish any local amendments. They reviewed several anticipated bills: a consolidation bill to gather building-code enforcement materials in one place, a bill to update the state energy code, a bill to restrict municipal adoption of building-code changes, and a bill to update the electrical code. Members also discussed how building codes apply to older homes and commercial buildings, and why code updates are important for safety and clarity. The chair said the committee had 36 bills currently scheduled, including many early bills that must move by March 6 because they will be heard by two committees. She said the committee would use subcommittees for harder bills, with three subcommittees this year: pensions, licensing, and likely state building code. She also outlined the hearing schedule, including lighter bills on February 12 and the expectation of executive sessions later in the month. No votes were taken during the orientation, but members were told that public hearings do not require a quorum and that hard copies of bills would be distributed by committee staff.

Transcript Highlights:

• That's the first thing.
• </c> &gt;&gt; Yeah, I'll take your first &gt;&gt; Yeah, I'll take your first &gt;&gt; sorry<01:04:44.160
• Um so the first point the how &gt;&gt; of course.
• section on page different in the first section on page one.
• I'm here on behalf of the New England First Amendment Coalition.

Committee: Senate Judiciary

Keywords: 1191, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Read the first message.
• Read the first amendment.
• Read the first amendment.
• Now, when we talk about destroying the First Amendment and the First Amendment About destroying the First
• Read the first message. messages list six. Read the first message.

Summary: The House met with a quorum present, heard prayers and ceremonial remarks, and then took up a series of returning messages from the Senate. The first major item was CS/CS/HB 1503 on computer science education and certification. Members explained that the House concurred in a Senate amendment that restored teacher certificate language, kept computer science and AI-related content in the bill, and delayed implementation to give the Department of Education time to develop curriculum. The House adopted the amendment and then passed the bill 105-0. The House also considered CS/CS/HB 1085 on local government cybersecurity. Members adopted a House amendment allowing local governments to buy into the cyber grant program even if they do not receive a grant, adding a five-year sunset and reporting provisions. The House then concurred in the Senate amendment shifting grant administration from a university to the Florida Digital Service, and passed the bill 104-1. Several other returning messages were rejected or sent back to the Senate. The House refused to concur in Senate amendments to CS/HB 351 on concurrent legislative jurisdiction over military installations and HB 6011 on reporting gifts or honoraria, as well as CS/HB 851 on professional learning for instructional and school administrative personnel. The most contentious debate came on CS/CS/HB 1471, which concerns systems of law and terrorist organizations; the Senate amendment defined “promote,” refined notice and timeline requirements, and retained references to Sharia law. Opponents argued the bill was overbroad, lacked due process and evidentiary standards, and threatened First Amendment rights, while supporters said it targeted conduct, not speech, and protected against terrorist support. The House adopted the amendment and passed the bill 80-25. The House then took up a related public records bill, CS/CS/HB 1473, which made a technical conforming change to align with HB 1471; debate focused on transparency and due process concerns.

Transcript Highlights:

• Read the first message.
• Read the first amendment.
• Read the first amendment.
• Read the first message. Read the first message.
• Read the first message. messages list six. Read the first message.

Summary: The House convened with prayer, the Pledge of Allegiance, and a quorum present, then moved into returning messages from the Senate. Early action focused on CS/CS/HB 1503 on computer science education and certification, which would add computer science and artificial intelligence content in high school and create a K-12 teacher certificate program; after adopting a House amendment restoring certificate language and adjusting implementation timing, the House concurred in the Senate amendment and passed the bill 105-0. The chamber then took up CS/CS/HB 1085 on local government cybersecurity, adopting a House amendment to allow local governments to buy into the cyber grant program and add a five-year sunset, then concurring in the Senate amendment shifting grant administration back to the Florida Digital Service; the bill passed 104-1. The House refused to concur in Senate amendments to CS/HB 351 on concurrent legislative jurisdiction over U.S. military installations and HB 6011 on reporting gifts or honoraria, sending both back to the Senate. It also refused to concur in the Senate amendment to CS/HB 851 on professional learning for instructional and school administrative personnel, saying the Senate version expanded the bill beyond its original autism-focused scope. After a recess, the House unveiled Speaker Daniel Perez’s portrait and heard extended remarks praising his leadership, institutional reforms, and the work of House staff and members. In the second returning-message list, the House debated CS/CS/HB 1471 on systems of law and terrorist organizations. The Senate amendment clarified the definition of “promote,” refined notice and timeline provisions for terrorist organization designations, and kept references to Sharia law as an example in the foreign religious law section. Supporters argued the bill was aimed at conduct beyond speech and was intended to protect the Constitution and public safety; opponents warned it would chill free speech, target Muslim Floridians, and give the governor and cabinet unprecedented power without adequate due process. After lengthy debate, the House concurred and passed the bill 80-25. The House then took up CS/CS/HB 1473, a public records bill tied to HB 1471, and moved to concur in a technical Senate amendment aligning the records exemption with the revised structure of HB 1471.

Transcript Highlights:

• So that's the first part I want to say.
• First, the first bill that I brought, I will give you a little history, kind of had a full-blown driver's
• So the first in opposition. Okay. Mr.
• Let's hear first from informational purposes, then we'll do first in opposition. Thank you.
• But you're the first first person. I don't mean to complicate it. Oh, no.

Committee: House Professional Registration and Licensing

Keywords: 959, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• The first call was in Independence, Missouri.
• So that's the first part I want to say.
• So the first in opposition. Okay. Mr.
• Let's hear first from informational purposes, then we'll do first in opposition. Thank you.
• First, this is for informational purposes only. First, this is for informational purposes only. Mr.

Committee: House Professional Registration and Licensing

Summary: The committee first met in executive session and adopted a House Committee Substitute for House Bill 2300 by a unanimous roll call vote of 18-0. The substitute combined a number of previously approved professional registration items, including emergency suspension authority, chiropractic and massage therapy provisions, accountant regulations, the athletic trainer compact, social worker regulations, a speech-language pathologist fix, telehealth, nonprofit pharmacies, and the physician assistant compact. Members noted that work was still ongoing on bell bondsman language before the committee moved into public hearing. The main public hearing was on House Bill 2897, which would expand optometrists’ authority to perform certain laser and in-office procedures. Representative Farnan and optometry supporters argued the bill is about patient access, especially in rural areas, and said it would allow three laser procedures—YAG capsulotomy, laser trabeculoplasty, and laser iridotomy—plus clarify other already-performed office procedures, while still excluding major surgeries such as cataract surgery, LASIK, and corneal transplants. Supporters said optometrists already receive relevant training, that a 32-hour certification course would serve as a safeguard, and that patients often face long waits or long travel times for care. Opponents, including ophthalmologists, argued the bill would blur the line between optometry and surgery, create safety risks, and rely on insufficient training and ambiguous language. They cited complications from laser procedures, questioned emergency care claims, and said optometrists should not be regulated as surgeons unless placed under the State Board of Healing Arts. No vote was taken on HB 2897, and the chair recessed the hearing for later continuation. The Committee on Elementary and Secondary Education then took up House Bill 3239 and adopted Amendment 0.01H, which capped the program at $4 million to keep it from becoming an open-ended cost. The committee then adopted the House Committee Substitute and voted the bill do pass by 11-7. The committee also combined House Bills 2913 and 3228 into one substitute and voted that combined measure do pass by 19-0. Finally, the committee heard House Bill 2195, which would create the Missouri Integrated Safe Driving Program and encourage school districts to incorporate driver-safety content into existing courses without adding a fiscal note or mandating a standalone driver’s ed class. Sponsor Representative Reedy and supporters from AAA Missouri and the Missouri Driver Education Coalition said the bill would address teen crash rates, improve access to driver education, and help schools use existing curriculum time more flexibly. The hearing remained in discussion with testimony continuing.