Transcript Highlights:

• And, um, to me, uh, this system, uh, 106 really sort of combines, um, a, a, a, a, a teacher student centered
• test that only takes a single class period.
• test that only takes a single class period, uh, and then students get that, and then teachers and students
• So is it a mixture? Yeah, it’s a mixture.
• Tim, explain to me, isn't a rating a rating of a school?

Bills: HB8

Keywords: HB 8, Texas public school accountability, school accountability, public school transparency, STAAR, state assessments, instructionally supportive assessment program, Student Success Tool, Texas Education Agency, TEA, accountability ratings, A-F ratings, through-year assessment, benchmark testing, norm-referenced assessment, college career military readiness, CCMR, local accountability plan, school district performance, campus turnaround

Summary: The House Committee on Public Education met to hear House Bill 8, which would replace STAAR with a new assessment and accountability system beginning in the 2027-28 school year. The chair described the bill as reducing testing time, limiting benchmark tests, adding beginning-, middle-, and end-of-year assessments, requiring faster score turnaround, involving Texas teachers in test development, and tightening accountability timelines and transparency rules. Members also discussed provisions on A-F ratings, cut scores, CCMR, local accountability plans, and TEA reporting requirements. Committee members and invited witnesses split sharply on the bill’s approach. Supporters, including the chair, TEA Commissioner Mike Morath, and Ed Trust’s Nicholas Munyon Penny, argued the bill would reduce high-stakes pressure, provide quicker and more actionable data, limit over-testing, and better align assessments to Texas standards while preserving criterion-referenced accountability. They said the new system would help teachers and parents intervene sooner and would improve transparency, including parent access to student responses and automatic rescoring in some writing cases. Opponents, including Rep. Hinojosa and student witness Ella Moran, argued the bill still increases testing and replaces one high-stakes test with multiple TEA-created tests. Moran testified that STAAR creates anxiety, disrupts instruction, and does not reflect real learning, while Hinojosa said the House had previously passed a better bill based on a nationally norm-referenced model and criticized the new proposal as a concession to the Senate. Questions also focused on AI scoring of writing, rescoring rates, and whether the bill’s new accountability rules would be reliable and fair. The committee did not take a final vote during the portion provided, but the chair said a vote on HB 8 would be called after public testimony later in the day.

Transcript Highlights:

• a bill.
• This was a big.
• I remember it when I was a kid, so that's a long time.
• It's a long lease. I know that for a fact because we looked into it.
• Senator Bettencourt, you have a question? Just a quick question.

Bills: HB2026, HB2427, HB2455, HB2560, HB3510, HB3966, HB3986, HB4429, HB5436, SB3062

Keywords: memorial highway, U.S. Army, U.S. Marine Corps, Archer County, highway designation, vehicle weight, ports of entry, Texas Transportation Code, truck regulations, load limits, Adopt-a-County Road, funding, road maintenance, county partnership, public recognition, memorial designation, highway, Sergeant Mark Butler, transportation, Brazos County

Keywords: KY LRC YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KibpUJZhtrE, 2026-06-21T07:17:04+00:00, 2.2.24, Data collected via generic collector engine, Meeting Start 00:00:00 Attendance Roll Call 00:00:01 Information Items 00:01:58 Postsecondary Capital Project Review 00:02:41 Review of Executive Branch Agency Plans 00:34:00 A. Council on Postsecondary Education 00:34:01 B. KY Court of Justice 00:52:36 C. KY Cabinet for Economic Development 01:07:00 D. Department for Local Government 01:21:25 E. Board Discussion of Planning Issues 01:55:52, 958, all, 2.2.42, 2.1.47

Keywords: KY LRC YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wRu5o0mJpsA, 2026-06-21T07:17:04+00:00, 2.2.24, Data collected via generic collector engine, Part of a presentation was missed during the live stream. This upload restores that Meeting start 0:00:00 Roll call 0:00:24 Rememberance of Rep. Lamin Swann 0:02:00 Introduction of new IJC members 0:04:35 Sec. Gray’s Update on Major Projects and Issues facing KYTC 0:05:44 NEVI Plan Discussion 0:32:41 Vision Testing Discussion 0:54:40 Fee Structure for Overweight / Over dimensional Permits Discussion 1:01:13, 958, all, 2.2.42, 2.1.47

Transcript Highlights:

• host an event at which a man presenting as a woman or a woman presenting as a man.
• So, if a man is dressed like a woman or a woman is dressed like a man, you believe it's sexual in nature
• Or could you help craft a bill that speaks more to a man dressed as a woman, a woman dressed as a man
• It shouldn't be just about people dressed in one way. ...a woman dressed as a man or a man as a woman
• There's been a lot of testimony and a lot of bills that created a response.

Bills: SB34, SB75, SB330, SB1535, SB18, SB 18, SB 34

Keywords: wildfire, wildfire mitigation, wildfire prevention, volunteer fire department, Texas A&M Forest Service, West Texas A&M University, prescribed burning, fuel loading, fuel reduction, firefighting equipment database, emergency communications, disaster preparedness, rural fire protection, asset hardening, natural resource management, emergency management, large wildfire risk, fire grant funding, fire suppression, Texas Legislature

Transcript Highlights:

• Have a due pass in a second. No debate with Joe from the you. President Williams votes a.
• Do I have a motion? Have a motion to do pass in a second. To be in a debate. No debate.
• the time for a new driver who chooses to go without a certificate of completion from a driver's education
• Have a do pass. Do I have a second? Have a second. Do we have any debate. There's no debate.
• Have a do pass in a second. Meanb, did you have what? No, I don't have a question.

Bills: SB1213, SB1221, SB1636, SB1687, SB1772, SB1932, SB2062

Keywords: SB1213, earned credits, inmate credits, good time, sentence reduction, Department of Corrections, DOC, prison reform, corrections policy, inmate classification, class levels, rehabilitation credits, achievement credits, vocational training, educational credits, prison programs, public safety, violent offenders, violent crime exclusions, sex offense exclusions

Transcript Highlights:

• For 57 years, these Texans have been apprehensive to build a home, a barn, or a new fence because this
• I'm going to try to figure out a way to just get a sense, and I ask you a personal question.
• Yeah, it's a great comment. It is a real issue.
• As a rule, TWA does not engage on a local project.
• It’s five and a half hours. Five and a half. Yeah.

Bills: HB1523, HB2109, HB2694, HB3525, HB3898, HB4646, HB5188, HB5219, HB5320, HB5651, HB5655, HB5659, HB5662, HB5672

Keywords: aquifer conservation, Class V injection well, environmental regulation, groundwater protection, municipal water supply, temporary prohibition, water management, reservoir construction, state water plan, Texas Water Code, environmental impact, Brazoria Drainage District, commissioners, elections, vacancies, resignation, HB 3525, North Texas Groundwater Conservation District, groundwater permit, permit amendment

Summary: The Committee on Natural Resources heard House Bill 2109, which would remove certain long-proposed reservoir projects from the state water plan after 50 years without progress. Chairman Van Deaver and many landowners, local officials, timber interests, and conservation advocates testified in support, arguing that the Marvin Nichols Reservoir has burdened Northeast Texas landowners for decades with the threat of eminent domain, depressed property values, and uncertainty over homes, farms, ranches, schools, churches, and cemeteries. Supporters also said the project would flood tens of thousands of acres, require extensive mitigation, harm timber and agriculture, and that Texas now has better alternatives such as conservation, reuse, aquifer storage and recovery, and desalination. Several members expressed sympathy for the affected families and questioned whether a project could remain in the plan indefinitely without progress. Opposition came from North Texas water interests, including the North Texas Commission, Tarrant Regional Water District, and the Texas Water Association, who argued that the bill would interfere with the state’s long-term water planning process and remove needed future supply options for a fast-growing region. They said Region C faces major projected shortages by 2070, that conservation and reuse have already delayed the need for new supplies, and that reservoirs remain one tool in the state’s water-planning toolbox. TWDB staff explained the existing inter-regional conflict process and noted that the substitute would affect several unique reservoir sites, not just Marvin Nichols. After testimony, Chairman Van Deaver closed by urging passage of the bill, but the committee withdrew the substitute and left HB 2109 pending. The committee then took up House Bill 5188, a brackish groundwater bill. The author said the bill would reduce permitting burdens for wells in designated brackish groundwater production zones, and the committee substitute added requirements on monitoring, groundwater-rights ownership, and allocation of pumpage limits while removing some exclusions and export-fee provisions. Texas Wildlife Association testified against the bill, warning that the exemptions could weaken groundwater conservation districts’ ability to protect freshwater resources and surface-owner rights. San Antonio Water System testified in favor, saying brackish groundwater is a key future supply and that the substitute would help speed development of desalination and brackish projects. The Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts testified neutrally but raised concerns about reduced district oversight, especially around injection-well exclusions and the loss of export fees, and said discussions on the bill were ongoing.

Transcript Highlights:

• They have been apprehensive to build a home, a barn, or a new fence because this threat of eminent domain
• I mean, I, you know, 50 years is a... ...It's a long time. It's a long time.
• Yeah, it's a great comment. It is a real issue.
• ASR is essentially creating a battery. Or a storage, right? It's essentially a battery.
• It's a 50-year plan; that's a very long time.

Bills: HB1523, HB2109, HB2694, HB3525, HB3898, HB4646, HB5188, HB5219, HB5320, HB5651, HB5655, HB5659, HB5662, HB5672

Keywords: aquifer conservation, Class V injection well, environmental regulation, groundwater protection, municipal water supply, temporary prohibition, water management, reservoir construction, state water plan, Texas Water Code, environmental impact, Brazoria Drainage District, commissioners, elections, vacancies, resignation, HB 3525, North Texas Groundwater Conservation District, groundwater permit, permit amendment

Transcript Highlights:

• There is a, we do have a witness. Chair calls Kelly Holcomb.
• This is a very important area.
• a partnership with a local non-profit. water provider for the same means.
• I'm a resident of Bastrop County, a well owner with a well in the Simsboro Formation of the Carrizo-Wilcox
• A swimming pool wouldn't be ever defined as a pond or lake, right?

Bills: HB1523, HB2109, HB2694, HB3525, HB3898, HB4646, HB5188, HB5219, HB5320, HB5651, HB5655, HB5659, HB5662, HB5672

Keywords: aquifer conservation, Class V injection well, environmental regulation, groundwater protection, municipal water supply, temporary prohibition, water management, reservoir construction, state water plan, Texas Water Code, environmental impact, Brazoria Drainage District, commissioners, elections, vacancies, resignation, HB 3525, North Texas Groundwater Conservation District, groundwater permit, permit amendment

Transcript Highlights:

• Up to five hours a week? No more than five hours a week, no more than one hour a day.
• A week makes a huge economic impact.
• So there's been a lot, you know, a lot.
• and a pathway towards a better future.
• Each year, a new graduating class has students who are able to reach that milestone in part. because

Bills: SB1798, SB1835, SB1319, SB2942, SB2928, SB784, SB1049

Keywords: higher education, tuition rates, financial support, immigration status, Texas law, SB 1835, resident tuition, nonresident students, scholarship students, public higher education, Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board, Education Code Section 54.213, tuition waiver, in-state tuition, out-of-state students, higher education finance, enrollment cap, capacity limit, workforce development area, nonimmigrant visa

Transcript Highlights:

• We've got a regent from Russo, a regent from the state higher education, and a regent from Oklahoma State
• It's A, it's a pleasure really to recognize a new chapter at Oklahoma State University as we welcome
• a warm Senate welcome?
• Sometimes we vote on bills that just don't have a face, but today we voted on a bill that has a face,
• House Bill 3522 is a simple bill that creates a simple report.

Bills: SR31, SB2060, SB2184, HB1371, HB1411, HB1933, HB2361, HB2398, HB2893, HB3006, HB3044, HB3127, HB3322, HB3147, HB1276, HB3472, HB3522, HB3704, HB4303, HB4319

Keywords: military, children, resilience, Purple Up!, military families, master development district, improvement district, public improvements, infrastructure financing, special assessments, statutory revision, consolidation, law amendment, emergency legislation, legal clarity, oil and gas, mineral rights, proceeds, royalties, escrow account

Transcript Highlights:

• class one misdemeanor.
• class one misdemeanor. including driving without installed device when mandated is a class one misdemeanor
• The penalty is a class two felony.
• But by leaving it as a class six felony, we still give that person the ability to earn a misdemeanor.
• And then we're going to criminalize an individual with a class 1 misdemeanor if they reveal who that

Bills: HB2076, HB2135, HB2175, HB2186, HB2223, HB2345, HB2364, HB2417, HB2440, HB2666, HB2763, HCR2043

Keywords: school safety, employee training, firearm certification, crisis response, school policies, reimbursement fund, local law enforcement, HB2135, Arizona, civil liability, private right of action, DEI, diversity equity and inclusion, critical race theory, anti-racism, race stereotyping, sex stereotyping, race scapegoating, sex scapegoating, gender identity

Summary: The Judiciary Committee heard and advanced several bills. HB 2763 would require legislative approval before the Arizona Game and Fish Commission could close a state-run shooting range. Supporters, including the sponsor, a Prescott doctor, gun-rights advocates, and Game and Fish, argued that range closures can push shooting into unsafe desert areas and that the legislature should have a voice; the bill passed 8-1. HB 2417 would let courts, at a defendant’s request, use speed-inhibiting devices instead of license suspension for certain speeding and racing offenses. The sponsor and supporters said it would help people keep working and reduce recidivism, while an Arizona Trucking Association representative warned the bill was overbroad and conflicted with federal law; the committee adopted an amendment and passed the bill 7-2. HB 2345 created a felony for unlawfully present persons possessing falsified CDLs and imposed vehicle forfeiture and employer penalties; trucking industry testimony said it was preempted by federal law and unenforceable, but the sponsor said he would keep working on it, and the bill passed 5-3 with one present after amendment. The committee also considered HB 2666, which increases penalties for sexual extortion involving victims ages 15-17. The sponsor and supporters from the anti-trafficking community and county attorney’s office said the bill responds to a serious and growing online exploitation problem affecting teens. Defense and juvenile-justice concerns focused on whether the bill could sweep in minors, create mandatory consecutive sentences, and fail to account for age-related defenses; the sponsor and supporters said they were open to discussing amendments, but the bill passed 8-0 with one present. HB 2175 would add political expression and political affiliation to Arizona’s bias-crime sentencing enhancements and create new misdemeanor-level enhancements for certain bias-motivated offenses. The sponsor, ADL, and county attorney’s office said it fills gaps and targets conduct, not speech; the ACLU and defense testimony warned it could chill speech and give prosecutors too much discretion. The bill passed 6-2 after amendment. HB 2186 would allow a passenger in a traffic stop to satisfy identity requirements by verbally providing name and date of birth rather than producing physical ID. The sponsor said it was meant to fix an unconstitutional-vagueness problem and clarify the law after a prior court issue; there was little opposition, and it passed 7-0 with one present. The committee also began hearing HB 2364, which would add penalties for distributing or receiving abortion-inducing drugs by courier, delivery, or rail service; the sponsor said it would strengthen enforcement of existing Arizona restrictions, but the transcript cuts off before testimony, debate, or any vote on that bill.

Transcript Highlights:

• As part of the application for a license to operate an RTC, a prospective licensee must submit a proposed
• A introduction.
• The first excuse was that she had a broken ankle and she was in a wheelchair.
• Now with age or health of a of a kinship placement. We, we do not consider age.
• SB 1777 makes it a Class B misdemeanor for any healthcare provider or their staff to violate this provision

Bills: SB 2041, SB 1777, SB 1681, SB 2311

Keywords: child welfare, foster care, Department of Family and Protective Services, DFPS, Family Code, conservatorship, placement selection, contract residential care, kinship care, relative placement, designated caregiver, best interest of the child, least restrictive setting, placement stability, child protective services, residential treatment, group home, family reunification, Texas foster system, residential care

Transcript Highlights:

• As part of the application for a license to operate an RTC, a prospective licensee must submit a proposed
• They move a lot.
• We do have a concern.
• The first excuse was that she had a broken ankle and was in a wheelchair.
• To ensure accountability, SB 1777 makes it a Class B misdemeanor for any health...

Bills: SB2041, SB1777, SB1681, SB2311

Keywords: child welfare, foster care, Department of Family and Protective Services, DFPS, Family Code, conservatorship, placement selection, contract residential care, kinship care, relative placement, designated caregiver, best interest of the child, least restrictive setting, placement stability, child protective services, residential treatment, group home, family reunification, Texas foster system, residential care

Transcript Highlights:

• Have a due pass with the second. Have a due pass and a second. Any debate? See no debate.
• Have a motion? Due pass. Have a due pass and a second. Thank you. Due pass.
• Have a due pass and a second. Have a due pass and a second. Any debate?
• Seeing none, do I have a motion? Due pass. Have a due pass and a second.
• or even a minor into committing a crime.

Bills: HB1322, HB3053, HB3180, HB3244, HB3269, HB3299, HB3301, HB3302, HB3430, HB3497, HB3584, HB3586, HB3587, HB3606, HB3742, HB3743, HB3755, HB3764, HB3767, HB3835, HB3848, HB3903, HB3905, HB4108, HB4130, HB4142, HB4227, HB3996

Keywords: domestic violence, offenders registry, public safety, law enforcement, victim protection, conviction records, elderly, parole, criminal justice reform, inmate rehabilitation, Oklahoma statutes, firearms, handgun permits, self-defense, training requirements, Oklahoma Self-Defense Act, elderly exploitation, identity theft, crimes and punishments, criminal offenses

Transcript Highlights:

• Do I have a motion? I make a motion to be approved. Second. I have a motion and a second.
• I have a motion and a Second. Second.
• /c> had a um a review and a um someone come had a um a review and a um someone come and<00:20:52.159>
• Yes, sir, they do, and we'll start another class in just a month from now, filled with wildlife.
• a new space like a canteen. a new space like a canteen. Thank<01:30:31.440> you.

Keywords: Meeting Start 00:00:00 Attendance Roll Call 00:00:05 Approval of Minutes 00:01:48 Welcome New Members 00:02:03 Information Items 00:02:35 Review of Executive Branch Agency Plans 00:03:33 A. Cabinet for Health and Family Services 00:04:00 B. Kentucky Department of Education 00:17:03 C. Education and Labor Cabinet 00:29:33 D. Energy and Environment Cabinet 00:42:38 E. Finance and Administration Cabinet 0:53:30 F. Justice and Public Safety Cabinet 01:13:28 G. Personnel Cabinet 01:31:04 H. School Facilities Construction Commission 01:41:39, 958, all

Summary: The meeting was the first of the year for the Capital Planning Advisory Board. Members were called, a quorum was confirmed, new co-chairs and members were welcomed, and the board approved the prior year’s meeting minutes. The chair also reviewed the capital planning timeline, packet organization, and the list of agencies that submitted plans but would not testify. The Cabinet for Health and Family Services presented first, outlining priorities centered on public safety, protecting existing infrastructure, preventive maintenance, and improving service delivery. Its major requests included a $21 million maintenance pool for 14 campuses and 175 buildings, phase 2 construction funding for a new public health laboratory, an 18-bed psychiatric hospital for children and adolescents with severe mental health needs, and several projects at Western State Hospital, Western State Nursing Facility, Hazlewood, and Oakwood. Members asked about the youth facility’s relationship to a separate DJJ project, vacant buildings, the high per-bed cost of the children’s hospital, and how the cabinet determined the need for the youth facility. CHFS said the youth project would be a separate facility serving high-acuity youth, the cost reflected the specialized nature of the unit and an 18-bed cap, and the broader youth plan also includes prevention, in-home services, and coordination across agencies. The Kentucky Department of Education then described projects for its three state-operated facilities: the Kentucky School for the Deaf, the Kentucky School for the Blind, and the FFA leadership training center. It requested additional funding for the FFA classroom and activity building after bids came in higher than expected, plus funding for a new education finance application system to support SEEK budgeting. Other priorities included a maintenance pool, FFA pool renovation, electrical upgrades, campus education enhancements, lighting improvements, safety and security work, door and window replacements, and HVAC maintenance. Members asked about student outcomes, the size of the FFA pool, and construction cost assumptions; the department said it tracks students through the schools and short-course programs, the pool size figure may have been a typo, and current construction estimates are being adjusted upward because of inflation and supply-chain pressures. The Education and Labor Cabinet began its presentation with 12 priority projects, including a state labor exchange system to connect job seekers and employers, renovation of the McDow Vocational Rehabilitation Center, and a new adult education and family literacy management information system. The cabinet said the labor exchange would help match workers with employers at no cost, while the McDow renovation was needed because the 30-year-old facility has safety and code concerns. The adult education system was described as outdated and lacking adequate case-management and tracking capabilities.

Keywords: KY LRC YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rSuOCorklUw, 2026-06-21T07:17:07+00:00, 2.2.24, Data collected via generic collector engine, This meeting was uploaded from back up. It is a meeting of both Senate and House Standing Committees on Families and Children. The House portion of the meeting adjourns after the block grant presentation. Senate Roll Call – 00:07 House Roll Call – 00:41 SS Block Grant Presentation – 01:15 Senate Vote – 12:41 House Vote – 13:02 House Adjournment – 13:35 Senate Continuation – 15:19 HB 271 Testimony – 15:35 HB 271 Questions/Comments – 19:36 HB 271 Vote – 40:30, 958, all, 2.2.42, 2.1.47

Keywords: KY LRC YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fuXTldYBg7o, 2026-06-21T07:17:04+00:00, 2.2.24, Data collected via generic collector engine, PLEASE READ This week, the Capital annex has been experiencing internet connectivity issues affecting the quality of our streams. We will attempt to stream each meeting, but constant connectivity will likely not be available. We will re-upload recordings of each meeting on this channel within a day or so. In the meantime, to watch full, live coverage of today's (6-21-23) meetings, KET will be covering them on their website. https://ket.org/legislature Thank you, and sorry for the inconvenience, 958, all, 2.2.42, 2.1.47

Keywords: KY LRC YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jRtulZFlsR8, 2026-06-21T07:17:00+00:00, 2.2.24, Data collected via generic collector engine, This meeting was uploaded after the fact from a back up copy. The original live stream encountered an error and did not fully upload. Meeting Start: 00:00 Roll Call: 01:50 HB 121 Discussion: 4:24 HB 121 Roll Call Vote: 25:01 SB 163 Discussion: 28:57 SB 163 Roll Call Vote: 45:37 HB 194 Discussion: 47:34 HB 194 Roll Call Vote: 51:34 HB 397 Discussion: 52:23 HB 397 Roll Call Vote: 55:07, 958, all, 2.2.42, 2.1.47

Transcript Highlights:

• 36 million a gallon a day plant with a potential going up to 70 million.
• This is a big vision. It is a big vision. But we're a big state and we're a growing state.
• a lot of water and to do that from a brackish conversation, it takes a lot of work.
• to be getting a billion a year going forward.
• That race and other protections... should not make a difference in whether a person gets a job, a condo

Bills: SJR 12, SCR 39, SB 7, SB 8, SB 27, SB 29, SB 125, SB 241, SB 371, SB 396, SB 406, SB 464, SB 568, SB 578, SB 608, SB 617, SB 660, SB 689, SB 693, SB 707, SB 731, SB 732, SB 763, SB 779, SB 836, SB 854, SB 857, SB 875, SB 878, SB 879, SB 906, SB 920, SB 921, SB 922, SB 942, SB 965, SB 985, SB 996, SB 1029, SB 1035, SB 1036, SB 1059, SB 1084, SB 1098, SB 1101, SB 1185, SB 1188, SB 1321, SB 1332, SB 1366, SB 1388, SB 1396, SB 1453, SB 1484, SB 1494, SB 1536, SB 1563, SB 1596, SB 1610, SB 1619, SB 1737, SB 1738, SB 1741, SB 1816, SB 1822, SB 1841, SB 1939, SB 2155, SB 2188, SB 2230

Keywords: parental rights, education, constitutional amendment, school choice, child education, border security, southern border, federal immigration policy, illegal immigration, cartels, transnational cartels, fentanyl, drug trafficking, human trafficking, Operation Lone Star, Texas border, National Guard, state guard, border wall, border barriers

Summary: In this meeting, significant discussions revolved around the passage and modification of various Senate Bills, including SB1388, which pertains to family support services under the Health and Human Services Commission. Senator Kolkhorst advocated for the bill, emphasizing its focus on pro-life, family-centered care. The committee passed the bill after thorough examination, showcasing a collaborative effort among the members to ensure its alignment with successful past initiatives. In another session, Senator Hughes presented SB942, aimed at retroactive child support linked to prenatal care, which sparked a constructive dialogue reflecting bipartisan support for maternal and child welfare.