Transcript Highlights:

• .<00:13:16.960><c> Hunter.
• </c><00:31:13.200><c> Hunter.</c> Awesome. Mr. Hunter. Awesome. Mr. Hunter.
• </c><00:32:07.280><c> Hunter.</c><00:32:07.480><c> Is</c> revisions. Thank you, Mr. Hunter.
• Is that correct, Mr.<01:12:35.720><c> Hunter?</c> Mr. Hunter? Mr. Hunter?
• Hunter and Commissioner Olson.

Keywords: 918, senate, all

Summary: The committee discussed a higher education attainment-goals bill and several related amendments. Members first reached agreement on funding changes: one amendment redirected money for fraud-prevention software for MnSCU and $5,000 for trees in Bemidji, and another moved $570,000 for workforce development-related funding. Members noted the use of general fund dollars to cover a FIG shortfall and expressed support for addressing fraud prevention while also saying MnSCU should be made whole in the next biennium. Both amendments were adopted. The main policy debate centered on an amendment updating the statewide attainment goal and related P-20 partnership language. Senator Um Ruebain proposed returning the attainment goal from 75 percent to 70 percent, and members discussed whether the bill’s expanded reporting and coordination duties would create costs for the Department of Children, Youth, and Families (DCYF). Nonpartisan staff and Commissioner Olsen said the Office of Higher Education and the P-20 partnership expected no costs, while DCYF’s fiscal note assumed reporting and staffing costs. After discussion, DCYF indicated it would absorb the costs, but some members still objected to expanding the partnership and creating additional bureaucracy. Members also debated whether early childhood and K-12 subgoals should be included as part of the attainment-goals framework. Supporters said aligning early childhood, K-12, and higher education goals is necessary to improve postsecondary attainment, while opponents argued the committee should focus on existing higher education goals and basic K-12 achievement. The committee ultimately adopted the Senate language on the attainment-goals section as amended, including the change back to 70 percent and revisions directed by staff to ensure the correct references were updated. The A12 amendment on pregnant and parenting students was also adopted earlier in the meeting.

Transcript Highlights:

• As a member from Houston, I am...
• Are they going to act violently against me because of my identity?
• I'm from Houston, and I'm here to voice my opposition to HB 4503.
• And we're talking about Houston, the medical capital of the world where this occurred.
• Several hard acts to follow.

Bills: HB45 , HB45 , HB755 , HB 1232 , HB1555 , HB2460 , HB2702 , HB2973 , HB3120 , HB3225 , HB3314 , HB3356 , HB3371 , HB3634 , HB3638 , HB4247 , HB4283 , HB4290 , HB4302 , HB4503 , HB4511 , HB4565 , HB4581 , HB4627 , HB4632 , HB4660 , HB4668 , HB4960 , HB5042

Committee: House State Affairs

Keywords: flooding, disaster response, emergency preparedness, state guidance, public safety, housing, affordable housing, rent control, landlord-tenant laws, housing rights, lobbying, public entities, expenditures, government code, transparency, Texas Ethics Commission, government regulation, lobbying restrictions, government accountability, taxpayer money

Transcript Highlights:

• I'm representing myself today, but I'm here as a hunter and outdoorsman, and I'm urging you guys to vote
• But in 2020, President Trump signed the Bipartisan Great American Outdoors Act, which fully and permanently
• Arizona Wildlife Federation actually published a few good examples of this increased hunter access thanks
• About 85% of Trump voters support the Antiquities Act and 77% support the historic expansion of public
• About 85% of Trump voters support the Antiquities Act and 77% support the historic expansion of public

Committee: Senate Senate Federalism Committee of Reference

Summary: The Federalism Committee considered only Senate Bill 1281, which would require legislative and gubernatorial approval before private Arizona real property could be acquired by the federal government, and would impose notice, reporting, and penalty provisions tied to such transactions. The bill also required state employees to notify the Legislature about certain federal land-trust notices involving Indian tribe settlements, while stating that tribal rights to Indian lands and reservation lands are not limited. The sponsor explained a seven-page amendment that added exemptions for certain federal purchases, congressionally approved land exchanges, and reclamation-related acquisitions, and expanded State Land Department cataloging and notice duties for covered federal designations. Public testimony was uniformly opposed. Speakers from the hunting/outdoors community, Sierra Club’s Grand Canyon chapter, and the Arizona Wildlife Federation argued the bill would hinder conservation projects, public access, and land exchanges that protect habitat or open recreation access, while also creating unnecessary bureaucracy and raising constitutional and private-property concerns. They cited examples of past federal land purchases that expanded access to large areas at relatively low property-tax cost, and said the bill would make it harder to protect sensitive lands and resources. Committee members questioned whether the governor was meaningfully involved, how the amendment affected land exchanges and federal law enforcement-related property purchases, and whether tribal acquisitions would be affected. After debate, the committee adopted the amendment and then approved SB 1281 as amended on a 4-3 vote, sending it out with a do pass recommendation. Some members explained their no votes by citing public lands access, conservation concerns, and constitutional objections, while supporters argued the bill was needed to preserve state authority over land transfers.

Transcript Highlights:

• An act relating to driving under the influence.
• The Lucille Morehouse Pollinator Act designates key.
• and milk products Act.
• act.
• act.

Bills: SB1543 , HB1933 , HJR1088 , HJR1090 , HJR1091 , HJR1092 , HJR1093 , HJR1095 , SB1859 , HB2988 , HB3016 , SB237 , SB2065 , HB3418 , HCR1027 , SB1641 , SB1589 , SB44 , SB563 , SB1403 , HB1979 , HB3075 , SB2045 , SB1653 , SB1655 , SB2030 , HB2951 , SB2028 , SB2071 , SB206 , SB1849 , HB3755 , SB1509 , SB1314 , SB1561 , SB1217 , SB1618 , HJR1096 , HJR1099 , HJR1100

Keywords: driving under the influence, felony offense, ignition interlock device, community service, criminal assessment, nitrous oxide, Maddix Bias Act, intoxication, underage sale, misdemeanor, drug paraphernalia, enforcement, education rules, administrative rules, joint resolution, Oklahoma State Department of Education, higher education, State Regents for Higher Education, Teachers' Retirement System, charter schools

Transcript Highlights:

• and Milk Products Act.
• act.
• act.
• act.
• act.

Bills: SB1543 , HB1933 , HJR1088 , HJR1090 , HJR1091 , HJR1092 , HJR1093 , HJR1095 , SB1859 , HB2988 , HB3016 , SB237 , SB2065 , HB3418 , HCR1027 , SB1641 , SB1589 , SB44 , SB563 , SB1403 , HB1979 , HB3075 , SB2045 , SB1653 , SB1655 , SB2030 , HB2951 , SB2028 , SB2071 , SB206 , SB1849 , HB3755 , SB1509 , SB1314 , SB1561 , SB1217 , SB1618 , HJR1096 , HJR1099 , HJR1100

Keywords: driving under the influence, felony offense, ignition interlock device, community service, criminal assessment, nitrous oxide, Maddix Bias Act, intoxication, underage sale, misdemeanor, drug paraphernalia, enforcement, education rules, administrative rules, joint resolution, Oklahoma State Department of Education, higher education, State Regents for Higher Education, Teachers' Retirement System, charter schools

Summary: The House convened with prayer, the Pledge of Allegiance, and several recognitions, including Veteran of the Week Colonel Stanley L. Evans, Oklahoma City Young Professionals, state contest winners for America’s 250th anniversary, and a long series of page introductions. The chamber then moved into floor action on a large number of measures, many of them Senate bills and House joint resolutions dealing with administrative rules and agency oversight, public safety, education, health, agriculture, business, and tax policy. Among the major bills discussed were SB 1543 on aggregating multiple DUI charges within one year into a single felony case, HB 1933 on nitrous oxide violations, SB 1859 creating an OSBI Cybercrimes and Fraud Unit, SB 237 on ad valorem tax NAICS code changes, SB 2065 designating pollinator-related state symbols, SB 44 extending nonprofit sales tax exemptions to contractors, SB 2030 updating automated expungement procedures, SB 2045 expanding the Grow Your Own education program, and several water and agriculture measures including SB 1509, SB 1314, and SB 2071. Members also considered multiple joint resolutions approving permanent administrative rules for education, energy and agriculture, business and commerce, health agencies, and building code rules, with Kendricks explaining that some major rules were separated out for transparency and, in one case, a cost mitigation agreement had been reached. Testimony and debate were generally brief and focused on clarifying amendments. Several authors explained that amendments were added to address constitutionality, remove outdated or incorrect language, or reflect negotiated changes with agencies and stakeholders. Notable discussion included concerns about forum shopping in SB 1543, questions about the scope of the Grow Your Own program in SB 2045, and clarification that SB 1618’s pretrial report language had been changed to a public safety report agreed to by sheriffs and district attorneys. The House adopted numerous amendments without objection and passed the bills by wide margins, including some unanimous or near-unanimous votes, while a few measures drew more opposition, such as SB 1403, SB 1509, SB 2071, and SB 1618. The House also adopted HCR 1027 setting sine die adjournment for Thursday, May 14, and adjourned until the next day, May 5, 2026, at 9:30 a.m.

Transcript Highlights:

• This resolution benefits human safety as well as the big game abundance that Idaho hunters rely on.
• This resolution benefits human safety as well as the big game abundance that Idaho hunters rely on.
• I thought there would be at least one or two hunters that would chime in, but I guess not.
• In the House of Representatives, House Bill 846 by Education Committee, an act relating to education.
• In the House of Representatives, House Bill 846 by Education Committee, an act relating to education,

Keywords: 989, all

Transcript Highlights:

• AB 2530 brings the California Fair Notice Act into closer alignment with the federal WARN Act, which
• The California WARN Act.
• I am presenting AB 2095, which amends the Fair Chance Act.
• regulatory framework within the existing Fair Chance Act.
• I completely support the energy behind the Fair Chance Act.

Committee: House Labor and Employment

Keywords: 988, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• What we are trying to do, and we worked the 65 question with the city of Houston to set what we would
• consider a reasonable partnership on what that level would be even for the city of Houston because our
• As Emily mentioned, we worked with the city of Houston to lower the decibel level from 75 to 65 in the
• Um, my district is maybe in the west side of Houston, about 15 miles long, about 5.5 miles wide, pretty
• in our budget, um, I think you will agree that Texas should make an effort to recover funds from acting

Bills: HB 246 , HB 796 , HB 1056 , HB 1544 , HB 1846 , HB 2001 , HB 2618 , HB 2625 , HB 2869 , HB 2898 , HB 3069 , HB 3114 , HB 3157 , HB 3228 , HJR 98

Committee: House State Affairs

Keywords: federal directives, state authority, Tenth Amendment, government enforcement, local governance, gold standard, legal tender, currency, transactional currency, financial transactions, electronic payment systems, state finance, regulatory compliance, electric trucks, charging infrastructure, advisory council, transportation, sustainability, criminal penalties, official information

Transcript Highlights:

• The University of Houston has done a very impressive job.
• I would use the Hazelwood Act to put my kids through college.
• Is to act as a money laundering conduit.
• We've been calling this the Grace Act, which stands for Greater Rights Against Care Exploitation Act.
• I've seen you show up in Houston quite a bit.

Committee: House Criminal Jurisprudence

Keywords: 1184, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Grooming happens before physical acts and pornography.
• Grooming happens before physical acts and pornography.
• happening and physically of sexual acts happening and physically using<00:41:37.440><c> a</c><00:41:
• </c><00:41:39.599><c> or</c> using a minor for a sexual act or using a minor for a sexual act or conduct
• </c> It's it's looking to rein in those acts It's it's looking to rein in those acts by<00:51:12.319>

Bills: HB0008 , HB0009

Committee: House Judiciary

Keywords: stalking, minors, felony, protection orders, criminal penalties, grooming, sexual offenses, child protection, 916, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Williams. 32 "Ayes," zero "Nays," Ron Houston is confirmed. Mr.
• Williams. 32 "Ayes," zero "Nays," Ron Houston is confirmed.
• If it can't start up here, why are we acting on it?
• If the House bill comes up, we can act on that again.
• But we're acting on a Senate bill now in terms of carrying it over.

Bills: SJR 2 , SB 4 , SJR 36 , SJR 2 , SB 4 , SJR 1 , SJR 5 , SB 9 , SB 40 , SJR 2 , SB 4 , SR 98 , SJR 40 , SJR 41 , SJR 42 , SJR 43 , SJR 44 , SJR 45 , SJR 46 , SJR 47 , SCR 13 , SB 6 , SB 13 , SB 21 , SB 826 , SB 827 , SB 828 , SB 829 , SB 830 , SB 831 , SB 832 , SB 833 , SB 834 , SB 835 , SB 836 , SB 837 , SB 838 , SB 839 , SB 840 , SB 841 , SB 842 , SB 843 , SB 844 , SB 845 , SB 846 , SB 847 , SB 848 , SB 849 , SB 850 , SB 851 , SB 853 , SB 854 , SB 855 , SB 856 , SB 857 , SB 858 , SB 859 , SB 860 , SB 861 , SB 862 , SB 863 , SB 864 , SB 865 , SB 866 , SB 867 , SB 868 , SB 869 , SB 870 , SB 871 , SB 872 , SB 873 , SB 874 , SB 875 , SB 876 , SB 877 , SB 878 , SB 879 , SB 880 , SB 881 , SB 882 , SB 883 , SB 884 , SB 885 , SB 886 , SB 887 , SB 888 , SB 889 , SB 890 , SB 891 , SB 892 , SB 893 , SB 894 , SB 895 , SB 896 , SB 897 , SB 898 , SB 899 , SB 900 , SB 901 , SB 902 , SB 903 , SB 904 , SB 905 , SB 906 , SB 907 , SB 908 , SB 909 , SB 910 , SB 911 , SB 912 , SB 913 , SB 914 , SB 915 , SB 916 , SB 917 , SB 918 , SB 919 , SB 920 , SB 921 , SB 922 , SB 923 , SB 924 , SB 925 , SB 926 , SB 927 , SB 928 , SB 929 , SB 930 , SB 931 , SB 932 , SB 933 , SB 934 , SB 935 , SB 936 , SB 937 , SB 938 , SB 939 , SB 940 , SB 941 , SB 942 , SB 943 , SB 944 , SB 945 , SB 946 , SB 947 , SB 948 , SB 949 , SB 950 , SB 951 , SB 952 , SB 953 , SB 954 , SB 955 , SB 956 , SB 957 , SB 958 , SB 959 , SB 960 , SB 961 , SB 962 , SB 963 , SB 964 , SB 965 , SB 966 , SB 967 , SB 968 , SB 969 , SB 970 , SB 971 , SB 972 , SB 973 , SB 974 , SB 975 , SB 976 , SB 977 , SB 978 , SB 979 , SB 980 , SB 981 , SB 982 , SB 983 , SB 984 , SB 985 , SB 986 , SB 987 , SB 988 , SB 989 , SB 990 , SB 991 , SB 992 , SB 993 , SB 994 , SB 995 , SB 996 , SB 997 , SB 998 , SB 999 , SB 1000 , SJR 40 , SJR 41 , SJR 42 , SJR 43 , SJR 44 , SJR 45 , SJR 46 , SJR 47 , SCR 13 , SB 6 , SB 13 , SB 21 , SB 826 , SB 827 , SB 828 , SB 829 , SB 830 , SB 831 , SB 832 , SB 833 , SB 834 , SB 835 , SB 836 , SB 837 , SB 838 , SB 839 , SB 840 , SB 841 , SB 842 , SB 843 , SB 844 , SB 845 , SB 846 , SB 847 , SB 848 , SB 849 , SB 850 , SB 851 , SB 853 , SB 854 , SB 855 , SB 856 , SB 857 , SB 858 , SB 859 , SB 860 , SB 861 , SB 862 , SB 863 , SB 864 , SB 865 , SB 866 , SB 867 , SB 868 , SB 869 , SB 870 , SB 871 , SB 872 , SB 873 , SB 874 , SB 875 , SB 876 , SB 877 , SB 878 , SB 879 , SB 880 , SB 881 , SB 882 , SB 883 , SB 884 , SB 885 , SB 886 , SB 887 , SB 888 , SB 889 , SB 890 , SB 891 , SB 892 , SB 893 , SB 894 , SB 895 , SB 896 , SB 897 , SB 898 , SB 899 , SB 900 , SB 901 , SB 902 , SB 903 , SB 904 , SB 905 , SB 906 , SB 907 , SB 908 , SB 909 , SB 910 , SB 911 , SB 912 , SB 913 , SB 914 , SB 915 , SB 916 , SB 917 , SB 918 , SB 919 , SB 920 , SB 921 , SB 922 , SB 923 , SB 924 , SB 925 , SB 926 , SB 927 , SB 928 , SB 929 , SB 930 , SB 931 , SB 932 , SB 933 , SB 934 , SB 935 , SB 936 , SB 937 , SB 938 , SB 939 , SB 940 , SB 941 , SB 942 , SB 943 , SB 944 , SB 945 , SB 946 , SB 947 , SB 948 , SB 949 , SB 950 , SB 951 , SB 952 , SB 953 , SB 954 , SB 955 , SB 956 , SB 957 , SB 958 , SB 959 , SB 960 , SB 961 , SB 962 , SB 963 , SB 964 , SB 965 , SB 966 , SB 967 , SB 968 , SB 969 , SB 970 , SB 971 , SB 972 , SB 973 , SB 974 , SB 975 , SB 976 , SB 977 , SB 978 , SB 979 , SB 980 , SB 981 , SB 982 , SB 983 , SB 984 , SB 985 , SB 986 , SB 987 , SB 988 , SB 989 , SB 990 , SB 991 , SB 992 , SB 993 , SB 994 , SB 995 , SB 996 , SB 997 , SB 998 , SB 999 , SB 1000

Keywords: SJR 2, Senate Joint Resolution 2, constitutional amendment, homestead exemption, property tax relief, school property tax, ad valorem tax, residence homestead, school district taxes, Texas Constitution Article VIII, public school finance, homeowner exemption, elderly exemption, senior tax relief, disabled exemption, tax year 2025, voter approval, November 2025 ballot, local government, Ways & Means

Transcript Highlights:

• In the last 72 years, the Board has never, not once, acted inconsistently with that law.
• It limits the intent of the initial creating act where the...
• The hunter has 180 days to complete the course if completed in the other.
• So how would the bad actors act? Under this statute, Mr.
• in accordance with the Open Meetings Act.

Committee: Senate Water, Agriculture and Rural Affairs

Keywords: 1185, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• All right, moving on to S-1630, an act relative to opting out of fluoridation.
• Next, moving to S. 1518, an act relative to fluoride in water warnings.
• I have Hunter gutting, Hunter. S. 1478. I have Haley Shore, Haley. providers.
• I have Hunter gutting, Hunter. S1478. I have Haley Shore, Haley. Hayley? Hello, can you hear me?
• H. 2385, an act establishing a special commission on avian influenza H5N1.

Committee: Joint Joint Committee on Public Health

Keywords: 995, all

Summary: The Joint Committee on Public Health held a hearing focused on children’s health, disease prevention, screening, treatment, and pharmacy-related bills. The chair explained that the session was for public testimony only, with no votes or decisions taken that day, and outlined the three-minute limit for individual testimony. The committee then heard testimony on a range of bills, including H. 2413 on adding electromagnetic sensitivity to the state’s MAVEN registry, S. 1508 and H. 2433 on creating an amputation prevention task force, H. 2535 and S. 1551 on establishing a naloxone purchase trust fund, S. 1635 on authorizing pharmacists to provide opioid use disorder treatment, H. 2385 on creating a special commission on avian influenza, and S. 1497 on patient safety and non-FDA-approved compounded drugs. Testimony on H. 2413 came largely from advocates and individuals who described electromagnetic sensitivity as a real health condition and argued that adding it to the registry would improve data collection, provider education, and public awareness. Testimony on the amputation prevention task force bills came from the American Diabetes Association and podiatry groups, who said diabetes-related amputations are often preventable, disproportionately affect people of color, and could be reduced through earlier screening, better care coordination, and improved insurance coverage for preventive foot care. On the naloxone trust fund bills, a representative, emergency physician, and nurse testified that hospitals often cannot reliably send overdose patients home with naloxone because of billing and reimbursement barriers, and that a bulk-purchase fund would expand access at no added cost to payers or providers. The committee also heard strong support for S. 1635 from pharmacists and public health researchers, who said community pharmacists could safely initiate and maintain buprenorphine treatment and help close gaps in opioid use disorder care. On H. 2385, a local board of health chair supported a special commission on avian influenza, citing gaps in emergency preparedness and the need for clearer coordination across agencies. On S. 1497, a pharmacy representative opposed restrictions on compounded drugs from outsourcing facilities, warning that changes could reduce access to life-saving medications and harm patient safety. No votes or formal actions were taken during the hearing.

Transcript Highlights:

• </c><00:18:08.520><c> but</c><00:18:08.640><c> I'm</c> this because I'm a trophy hunter but I'm this
• I reached out to Hunters for the Hungry. Boon Brothers Mission.
• </c><00:20:45.200><c> I</c> hunters for the hungry and all that.
• I hunters for the hungry and all that.
• </c> I reached out to Hunters for the Hungry. I reached out to Hunters for the Hungry.

Committee: Senate Agriculture

Keywords: Meeting Start 00:00 Attendance Roll Call 00:30 HB 571 Discussion 01:29 HB 571 Roll Call Vote 04:02 HB 542 Discussion 06:01 HB 542 Roll Call Vote 10:21 HB 142 Discussion 13:30 HB 142 Roll Call Vote 22:47 HB 212 Discussion 24:00 HB 212 Roll Call Vote 25:40 HB 658 Discussion 27:01 HB 658 Roll Call Vote 32:02, 958, all

Transcript Highlights:

• This will get worse unless the legislature acts. And who are we subsidizing?
• and who are we the legislature acts and who are we subsidizing<00:25:48.799><c> not</c><00:25:49.000
• Next up we have someone from Backcountry Hunters and Anglers.
• </c><01:02:52.760><c> and</c> Minnesota Backcountry hunters and Minnesota Backcountry hunters and Anglers
• </c> across the state to educate our hunters across the state to educate our hunters and<01:37:19.400

Committee: House Environment and Natural Resources Finance and Policy

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• Speaker: The clerk will read the resolution HCR 54 by Representative Hunter authorizing the legislature
• Representative Hunter: Members, this resolution authorizes adjournment for more than three days.
• The question occurs on the adoption of HCR 54 by Representative Hunter.
• Speaker: Show Representative Hunter voting aye. Show Mr. Dutton voting aye. Show Ms.
• The question occurs on the adoption of HCR 54 by Representative Hunter.

Keywords: 1184, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Hunter. Hunter.
• </c> act like ATF. act like ATF.
• They don't act that way. They don't act like us. These are other institutions.
• Institutions don't act like families. They don't act like lifelong friends.
• They act through policies. They act through lawyers. They act through compliance officers.

Keywords: 981, all

Transcript Highlights:

• I was born in Houston, where... ...constantly happen.
• I represent the Houston branch of the NAACP.
• I'm also representing the Houston Black American Democrats.
• I acted as a central hub of information and coordination.
• So to the extent that you attempted to comply with the act, the act invites you to do something that's

Keywords: 1185, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• The violation extends far beyond the physical act.
• Here to present AB 2164, the Care Without Fear Act. I know...
• As always, here to present AB 2164, the Care Without Fear Act.
• AB 2164, the Care Without Fear Act, is the next step in protecting this care.
• Leslie Caldwell Houston for the California Public Defenders Association, in support.

Committee: Senate Public Safety

Keywords: 987, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• credit card and the impacts of small businesses was established by Section 303 of Chapter 238 of the Acts
• We are effectively acting as tax collectors for the Commonwealth and payment pass-throughs for employee
• Next, we're going to go to Hunter Hamburlin.
• Joining us online, and after Hunter will be Luke Bondar. So, Hunter Hamburlin, can you hear us?
• My name is Hunter Hamburlin.

Keywords: 1212, all

Summary: The Special Legislative Commission on the Future of Payments and Sales Transactions by Credit Card and the Impacts for Small Business held a public hearing focused on credit card interchange fees, cashless transactions, chargebacks, fraud, and possible reforms affecting small businesses in Massachusetts. Chair Paul Feeney opened the meeting, outlined the commission’s charge, and noted that the hearing would hear from small business owners, industry representatives, and others on the effects of payment trends and proposed policy changes. Representative Sean Garballey testified first, arguing that universal card acceptance and the current interchange system are important to Massachusetts tourism and should not be disrupted ahead of a busy summer season. A large portion of the hearing featured independent restaurant owners and advocates, who said processing fees are especially burdensome because restaurants operate on very thin margins and are charged fees on sales tax and tips that are not retained as revenue. Testifiers including Jen Ziskin, Kristen Canty, Nancy Cushman, and Kerry Colzer described rising operating costs and gave examples of annual or monthly fee totals, urging relief from fees on tax and gratuity amounts. Ryan Lotz also asked for chargeback reforms, including refunding chargeback fees when merchants prevail, requiring consumers to contact businesses before disputing charges, proportional fees, and safeguards against repeat abuse. Several witnesses, including Dan Swanson, argued that states have authority to regulate aspects of the payment system and cited the Illinois litigation and federal court rulings as support for state action. Opposing testimony came from credit unions, banks, payment industry representatives, and policy groups, who warned that changing interchange rules could create compliance burdens, reduce rewards, raise account fees, and shift costs elsewhere. Witnesses such as Alex Vereen, Brad Popolado, Keely McEwen, David Montero, Hunter Hamburlin, and Luke Bondar emphasized fraud prevention, network security, consumer protections, and the need for a stable, uniform payment system. Some suggested alternatives such as vendor compensation, surcharging, instant payments, or QR pay code standards, while others argued that sales tax and tip amounts cannot easily be separated within current card-network architecture. The chairs said the commission is still exploring options, discussed possible state-level solutions, and announced plans for one more public hearing before moving toward recommendations and a report. The commission then voted to adjourn.