Video & Transcript Research : 'Alabama criminal code'

Page 52 of 500
AL

Alabama 2026 1st Special Session

Alabama House Constitution, Campaigns and Elections Committee Feb 4th, 2026

Constitution, Campaigns and Elections

Transcript Highlights:
  • . >> Winter time in Alabama. >> Don't like the way you're at.
  • Uh I Springs, Monroe County, Alabama.
  • And y'all remember the passage of Rebuild Alabama in 2019.
  • the passage of Rebuild Alabama in 2019. the passage of Rebuild Alabama in 2019.
  • So in rural Alabama, I I don't counties.
Bills: HB272, HB272
AL

Alabama 2025 Regular Session

Alabama House Ways and Means Education Committee Apr 9th, 2025

Ways and Means Education

Transcript Highlights:
  • Last year, we had 15 schools on the Alabama report card that received a score of an F.
  • Um,... ...educators of the state of Alabama.
  • Many of those beads are Alabama beads. Many of those beads are Alabama students.
  • He is the first person from Alabama to ever receive that recognition, and he's done it.
  • So, any suggestions in North Alabama, specifically Huntsville, Madison, and Madison County?
Bills: HB447, HB447
AL

Alabama 2025 Regular Session

Alabama House Health Committee Mar 5th, 2025

Health

Transcript Highlights:
  • Over 9,000 moms across the state of Alabama suffer from postpartum depression; that's nearly one in five
  • The bill requires the Alabama Department of Public Health to develop educational materials about postpartum
  • These materials would be available for anyone to access on the Alabama Department of Public Health's.
  • .. ...on the Alabama Department of Public Health website.
  • It’s amazing to me that the agencies of government in the state of Alabama have to have legislation introduced
Bills: HB330, HB336, HB322, HB346
AL

Alabama 2026 1st Special Session

Alabama Senate Education Policy Committee Feb 11th, 2026

Education Policy

Transcript Highlights:
  • What SB 248 does is it updates the existing code to clarify how release time religious courses can be
  • to clarify how uh release time code to clarify how uh release time religious<00:08:15.919> courses
  • may conduct criminal history background checks<00:09:11.279> for<00:09:11.519> personnel
  • <00:24:22.000> All the Alabama Constitution's preamble.
  • All the Alabama Constitution's preamble.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
  • road standards already in the code without...
  • All right, and we know and we move this to the disaster code to follow the other. disaster code changes
  • Alabama, and she didn't want my help anyway.
  • However, some appraisal districts have misinterpreted tax code section.
  • treatment under the tax code.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Housing Finance and Policy Committee 3/17/26

Housing Finance and Policy

Transcript Highlights:
  • The statute provides higher criminal penalties when certain public employees are assaulted while performing
  • The statute provides<00:01:18.320> higher<00:01:18.720> criminal<00:01:19.200> penalties
  • <00:01:20.240> when provides higher criminal penalties when provides higher criminal penalties
Bills: HF4141, HF3951
MN

Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session

House State Government Finance and Policy Committee 3/11/25

State Government Finance and Policy

Transcript Highlights:
  • OA wouldn't charge anyone with a criminal thing.
  • OA wouldn't charge anyone with a criminal thing.
  • Intent in your any with any Criminal Intent in your reports<00:54:29.319> is<00:54:29.799>
  • <00:54:39.920> thing<00:54:40.440> uh charge anyone with a Criminal thing uh charge
  • Intent or true that there is Criminal Intent or true fraud<00:58:35.440> or<00:58:36.079>
Bills: HF1867, HF1240
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Public Safety Finance and Policy Committee 3/11/26

Public Safety Finance and Policy

Transcript Highlights:
  • Representative Bennett, you have an amendment to the bill, coded 3.
  • I've heard in a bunch of different committees that criminals are criminals, that they don't care about
  • Criminals are going to find a way to be criminals.
  • I've heard in a bunch of different committees that criminals are criminals, that they don't care about
  • Criminals are going to find a way to be criminals.
NM

New Mexico 2026 Regular Session

House - Judiciary Feb 13th, 2026 at 05:37 pm

House Judiciary

Transcript Highlights:
  • I think that, Madam Chair, Representative, it's pretty normal in criminal statutes.
  • Yes, it's already a criminal offense.
  • I'm the president of the New Mexico Criminal Defense Lawyers Association.
  • You know, when we're holding people accountable under criminal law, I wanted it to be clear.
  • Under criminal law, I want it to be clear. And frankly, this bill is not clear.
FL

Florida 2026 Regular Session

Criminal Justice Feb 2nd, 2026

Criminal Justice

Transcript Highlights:
  • You realize code limits the height that a fence can be.
  • Sex crimes are added to Florida's criminal punishment code, ensuring sentencing reflects the seriousness
  • And effectively, we just let the criminals win in that situation.
  • president of the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers.
  • president of the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers.
Summary: The committee took up several criminal justice bills, beginning with SB 760 on violations of pretrial release conditions. A strike-all amendment narrowed the bill to make willful violation of a no-contact order a first-degree misdemeanor, authorize warrantless arrest on probable cause, and require detention until first appearance in certain cases. The amendment and the bill, as amended, were both adopted and reported favorably. The committee then heard SB 1536 on digital voyeurism, which would extend the expectation of privacy to backyards in the surveillance statute; it was reported favorably after brief questions and support from a Florida Smart Justice Alliance witness. Members next considered SB 1012 on inmate services. The bill would expand use of contractor-operated institutions inmate welfare trust funds for reintegration and facility upgrades, and would require reimbursement for inmate emergency and specialty medical services at Medicaid rates, with telehealth and autonomous APRNs included as options. Safety Net Hospital Alliance of Florida opposed the bill as written, warning that tying Medicaid participation to treatment of inmates could reduce reimbursement and discourage provider participation, while the Department of Corrections and Florida Smart Justice Alliance supported it. Senators discussed costs, aging inmates, and possible future changes, and the bill was reported favorably. The committee also passed CS for SB 600 on bail bond and pretrial release laws after adopting a strike-all that aligned it with the House companion and made technical changes to solicitation, training, and bond reinstatement rules. Public testimony raised concerns about who should receive returned bond money and how clerks would process payments, but the sponsor said the bill would continue to be refined. Later, the committee reconsidered and favorably reported SB 1750 on criminal sexual conduct, which increases penalties and mandatory minimums for serious sex crimes, especially those involving children. It also reconsidered and favorably reported SB 1544 on complaints against law enforcement and correctional officers, a bill requiring complainants to provide sworn complaints to officers before interrogation unless corroborating evidence is present; police chiefs and sexual violence advocates opposed parts of the bill, while supporters argued it would protect officers from unfounded complaints. Finally, SB 1488 on booking officer duties regarding minor children of arrested persons was reported favorably, and SB 1326 on prosecution of defamation was taken up for reconsideration with a delete-all amendment that narrowed the insanity defense, limited mitigation for severe mental illness in serious cases, and extended detention periods for incompetent defendants; opposition testimony from defense, public defender, and mental health advocates warned it would worsen treatment and increase costs.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Workforce, Labor, and Economic Development Finance and Policy Committee 2/25/26

Workforce, Labor, and Economic Development Finance and Policy

Transcript Highlights:
  • code, all of these other codes.
  • Building code is mostly implemented by cities in Minnesota even though we have a statewide code.
  • c><01:31:28.159> all but electrical code, plumbing code, all but electrical code, plumbing code
  • um from code code enforcement benefits um from this<01:34:20.719> support.
  • code cycles have happened since then. code cycles have happened since then.
Bills: HF3004, HF3663
TX

Texas 89th 2nd C.S.

Criminal Jurisprudence Apr 29th, 2025

Criminal Jurisprudence

Transcript Highlights:
  • The Committee on Criminal Jurisprudence will come back to order, and the clerk will call the roll.
  • In 2013, the Texas Legislature enacted Article 11.073 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, commonly referred
  • and criminal appellate procedure in capital punishment cases is working.
  • I'm here representing Dallas County Criminal District Attorney John Cruzzo.
  • I'm here representing Dallas County Criminal District Attorney John Cruzzo.
Bills: HB115
Summary: The Committee on Criminal Jurisprudence reconvened with a quorum present and announced it would likely not vote that night because of confusion over the bill list; members were told a definitive list would be circulated the next morning and a formal meeting would be scheduled later. The chair then heard a series of bills, generally taking testimony and leaving each pending without action. House Bill 1847 would set maximum caseload standards for private attorneys handling indigent criminal appointments through the Texas Indigent Defense Commission; House Bill 2417 would expand compensation eligibility for some wrongfully imprisoned people; House Bill 2813 would require earlier and more specific victim notice of scheduled court proceedings; and House Bill 2309 would expand state and local authority in certain civil asset forfeiture cases involving human trafficking, health care fraud, and organized crime. Each bill was laid out by its author or a member, with no opposition witnesses registered, and each was left pending. The committee also heard House Bill 4733, which would require sealing records for people acquitted of charges when they were not convicted on the related allegation; House Bill 2328, which would modernize expunction service by encouraging electronic notice, setting a standardized fee when electronic service is unavailable, extending clerk retention of expunction orders, and preserving certain mental health commitment orders; and House Bill 115, which would revise Texas’s “junk science” post-conviction writ law by providing counsel, changing the relief standard, requiring written decisions, and easing procedural barriers. Testimony on HB 2328 was mixed: county clerks supported the bill as a cost-saving modernization, while legal advocates warned that permanent retention of expunction orders could undermine true expunction and create privacy risks. HB 115 drew support from innocence and defense organizations, with some concern about a provision affecting subsequent writs. All were left pending after testimony. Later, the committee heard House Bill 2046, which would allow affirmative family-violence findings for any Penal Code offense rather than only Title V offenses; testimony from a Dallas County prosecutor and a committee member emphasized that family violence can involve arson, burglary, fraud, and other non-Title V conduct, and the bill was left pending. House Bill 1765 would tighten restrictions on no-knock warrants by requiring higher-level approval, judicial review, and identifiable officers; members discussed the dangers highlighted by the Harding Street raid and similar incidents, and the bill was also left pending. The meeting ended with the chair noting that some bills had been removed from the agenda at the author’s request and that members should be prepared to finalize the vote list the next day.
TX

Texas 89th 2nd C.S.

Trade, Workforce & Economic Development Mar 19th, 2025

Trade, Workforce & Economic Development

Transcript Highlights:
  • If the tenant does not respond, we begin the foreclosure process as defined by the Texas Property Code
  • This property code was written in 1983, 41 years ago.
  • Texas Property Code empowers HOAs to issue unlimited fines and even foreclose on homes.
  • Currently, the tax code defines a rental as up to 180 days, but the Business and commerce code contradicts
  • CDW coverage for the full rental period up to 180 days, just like the tax code already allows.
Bills: HB 186
TX

Texas 89th Regular

Pensions, Investments & Financial Services May 12th, 2025

Pensions, Investments & Financial Services

Transcript Highlights:
  • notes or short-term versions of bonds, and so they aren't covered under the same section of the tax code
  • Those are all under the Local Government Code 271.056, 1, 2, and 3, and it provides a fourth...
Bills: SB512, SB1024
TX

Texas 89th Regular

Trade, Workforce & Economic Development May 14th, 2025

Trade, Workforce & Economic Development

Transcript Highlights:
  • protection in the credit reporting industry by amending Section 20.05 of the Texas Business and Commerce Code
  • My name is Natasha Malik, and I'm the staff attorney for the Criminal Justice Project at Texas Appleseed
  • More than 9 million Texans have a criminal record, substantially diminishing opportunities. to obtain
  • Registered voters in Texas already believe that the state should remove these barriers for those with criminal
  • It sounds kind of funny that we would need to put that in code that we have ownership over our own DNA
TX

Texas 89th Regular

Senate Session May 19th, 2025

Texas Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • for certain criminal cases.
  • of the Local Government Code unless expressly stated.
  • In a normal regular criminal case, if a district attorney...
  • But if there were criminal charges, if there was a criminal case in which that officer was a witness,
  • House Bill 2593 to Criminal Justice. House Bill 2621 to Criminal Justice.
Bills: SB203, SB317, SB397, SB511, SB524, SB731, SB781, SB801, SB867, SB1071, SB1087, SB1232, SB1444, SB1483, SB1782, SB1798, SB1861, SB1944, SB2082, SB2233, SB2309, SB2363, SB2497, SB2549, SB2566, SB2603, SB2607, SB2617, SB2688, SB2717, SB2797, SB2841, SB2919, SB2928, SB2969, SB3063, HB12, HB26, HB33, HB34, HB45, HB48, HB130, HB148, HB198, HB431, HB647, HB668, HB677, HB748, HB754, HB791, HB1022, HB1193, HB1240, HB1242, HB1318, HB1397, HB1520, HB1584, HB1729, HB1922, HB1950, HB2003, HB2027, HB2029, HB2254, HB2350, HB2559, HB2607, HB2663, HB2712, HB2768, HB2775, HB2788, HB2789, HB2802, HB2894, HB2960, HB3033, HB3041, HB3126, HB3228, HB3229, HB3474, HB3560, HB3594, HB3611, HB3698, HB3699, HB3700, HB3805, HB4187, HB4219, HB4238, HB4344, HB4384, HB4739, HB4753, HB4804, HB4850, HB4885, HB5560, HCR90, SJR34, SB529, SB541, SB693, SB963, SB1173, SB1241, SB1383, SB1559, SB1646, SB1734, SB1833, SB1883, SB1968, SB2544, SB1, SB17, SB260, SB509, SB1506, SB1637, SB2308, SJR36, SJR50, SJR63, SJR60, SCR12, SCR39, SB2023, SB2309, SB1861, SB2617, SB62, SB666, SB847, SB284, SB854, SB810, SB1505, SB583, SB507, SB1434, SB1772, SB2016, SB1122, SB731, SB397, SB508, SB1436, SB287, SB1882, SB393, SB1791, SB209, SB2429, SB511, SB1085, SB1975, SB2717, SB1262, SB636, SB2056, SB884, SB1200, SB1845, SB2458, SB801, SB3014, SB3013, SB758, SB2797, SB2076, SB2876, SB1640, SB1449, SB1181, SB1234, SB2926, SB2841, SB1528, SB1854, SB317, SB1250, SB2082, SB1237, SB2819, SB629, SB2608, SB1602, SB2009, SB867, SB640, SB1698, SB2680, SB913, SB1071, SB1086, SB1087, SB1483, SB1444, SB1553, SB1556, SB1703, SB2133, SB2297, SB2298, SB2622, SB2955, SB2334, SB1367, SB2044, SB2363, SB2565, SB1888, SB3036, SB3057, SB3043, SB3063, SB3035, SB203, SB2688, SB2522, SB2459, SB2655, SB2251, SB1884, SB2928, SB2566, SB1749, SB2549, SB2553, SB2919, SB1782, SB1944, SB1232, SB2969, SB2497, SB1798, SB2603, SB2607, SB781, SB524, SB2233, SB2683, SB1319, SB1978, SB3038, SB3045, SB1633, SB1538, SB719, SB3071, HB1393, HB2559, HB26, HB2607, HB3810, HB388, HB12, HB2712, HB1633, HB1318, HB685, HB4753, HB198, HB762, HB148, HB1520, HB2286, HB1606, HB132, HB45, HB48, HB33, HB1022, HB1458, HB5560, HB1240, HB1950, HB2027, HB2768, HB2788, HB2791, HB3146, HB3698, HB3699, HB1893, HB3700, HB4850, HB4187, HB1397, HB4885, HB4804, HB3751, HB3611, HB2775, HB2061, HB2003, HB1729, HB1242, HB791, HB2029, HB647, HB2522, HB4738, HB3033, HB3594, HB3474, HB2563, HB2802, HB34, HB128, HB130, HB581, HB668, HB677, HB766, HB2259, HB2960, HB2358, HB2894, HB4384, HB2663, HB748, HB793, HB1193, HB1734, HB2340, HB2350, HB3104, HB5180, HB4739, HB1584, HB4344, HB4238, HB4219, HB3806, HB3805, HB3804, HB3803, HB3229, HB3228, HB1922, HB1522, HB431, HB3597, HB1612, HB4224, HB754, HB1314, HB2254, HB2789, HB3560, HB4643, HB1237, HB3126, HB2856, HB3114, HB3041, HB3505, HB4205, HB5652, HB3687, HB5424, HB4506, HB3370, HB2025, HB4273, HB3395, HB3376, HB2733, HB2495, HB4325, HB2071, HB2510, HB138, HB18, HB107, HB694, HB923, HB1639, HB1700, HB2187, HB3211, HB4529, HB4655, HB5342, HB2516, HB4783, HB1894, HB1965, HB102, HB300, HB1875, HB2513, HB2713, HB39, HB114, HB24, HB3088, HB4163, HB3479, HB2842, HB519, HB609, HB1275, HB1592, HB3348, HCR90, HCR98, SB524, SB781, SB1782, SB2497, SB2969, HB12, HB33, HB34, HB45, HB48, HB130, HB148, HB198, HB431, HB668, HB677, HB754, HB791, HB1022, HB1193, HB1242, HB1318, HB1520, HB1729, HB1922, HB1950, HB2003, HB2027, HB2029, HB2559, HB2607, HB2663, HB2768, HB2775, HB2789, HB2802, HB2894, HB2960, HB3041, HB3228, HB3229, HB3474, HB3560, HB3594, HB3611, HB3698, HB3699, HB3700, HB3805, HB4238, HB4344, HB4739, HB4804, HB4885, HB5560, SB1861, SB2309, SB2617, SB511, SR545, HJR47, HB75, HB108, HB111, HB521, HB1052, HB1249, HB1373, HB1403, HB1449, HB1586, HB1629, HB1646, HB1794, HB1820, HB1831, HB1845, HB1939, HB1960, HB1991, HB2014, HB2080, HB2136, HB2159, HB2293, HB2313, HB2399, HB2512, HB2581, HB2593, HB2621, HB2638, HB2655, HB2658, HB2694, HB2731, HB2757, HB2803, HB2807, HB2814, HB2844, HB2999, HB3053, HB3142, HB3171, HB3234, HB3254, HB3320, HB3349, HB3405, HB3420, HB3463, HB3516, HB3520, HB3631, HB3679, HB3680, HB3694, HB3722, HB3732, HB3749, HB3793, HB3833, HB3928, HB3977, HB4014, HB4042, HB4076, HB4099, HB4105, HB4112, HB4158, HB4204, HB4207, HB4234, HB4449, HB4454, HB4520, HB4535, HB4559, HB4582, HB4630, HB4669, HB4748, HB4795, HB4847, HB4848, HB4916, HB4924, HB5093, HB5302, HB5509, HB5624, HB5627, HB5629, HB5632, HB5639, HB5664, HB5693, HB5698, HB2851, HB5154, HB5339, HJR47, HB75, HB108, HB111, HB521, HB1052, HB1249, HB1373, HB1403, HB1449, HB1586, HB1629, HB1646, HB1794, HB1820, HB1831, HB1845, HB1939, HB1960, HB1991, HB2014, HB2080, HB2136, HB2159, HB2293, HB2313, HB2399, HB2512, HB2581, HB2593, HB2621, HB2638, HB2655, HB2658, HB2694, HB2731, HB2757, HB2803, HB2807, HB2814, HB2844, HB2999, HB3053, HB3142, HB3171, HB3234, HB3254, HB3320, HB3349, HB3405, HB3420, HB3463, HB3516, HB3520, HB3631, HB3679, HB3680, HB3694, HB3722, HB3732, HB3749, HB3793, HB3833, HB3928, HB3977, HB4014, HB4042, HB4076, HB4099, HB4105, HB4112, HB4158, HB4204, HB4207, HB4234, HB4449, HB4454, HB4520, HB4535, HB4559, HB4582, HB4630, HB4669, HB4748, HB4795, HB4847, HB4848, HB4916, HB4924, HB5093, HB5302, HB5509, HB5624, HB5627, HB5629, HB5632, HB5639, HB5664, HB5693, HB5698, HB2851, HB5154, HB5339
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Agriculture Finance and Policy Committee 3/2/26

Agriculture Finance and Policy

Transcript Highlights:
  • It creates specific criminal penalties for intentionally placing hard objects in crops with the intent
  • It creates specific criminal<01:03:31.839> penalties<01:03:32.319> for<01:03:32.640>
  • intentionally criminal penalties for intentionally criminal penalties for intentionally placing<
Bills: HF3580, HF3566
Summary: The committee first approved the minutes from the previous meeting and then heard from Minnesota FFA officers, who described FFA as a student-led agricultural education organization focused on leadership, personal growth, and career success. The students explained the three-part model of agricultural education, the size and reach of FFA in Minnesota, and upcoming events at the Capitol, including an agricultural policy experience conference and FFA Day at the Capitol. Members asked about FFA’s role in encouraging the next generation of farmers, the organization’s broader focus beyond farming to include wildlife and other natural resources careers, and the mix of rural, metro, and urban chapters. The students emphasized that FFA and agricultural educators help students discover career paths and that urban chapters are active and thriving alongside rural ones. The committee then received a presentation from the Minnesota Department of Agriculture on the Agri program. The department described Agri as a legislature-created program that uses producer-payment funds to support roughly 15 grant and cost-share programs, including newer efforts such as Protect and Prepare. Testimony stressed transparency and fraud prevention: Agri is reimbursement-based, requires detailed documentation, conducts site visits on grants over $25,000, and has identified and stopped more than a dozen fraudulent applications in the past year. The department also noted a prior legislative auditor review of two larger Agri programs and said only about one-tenth of 1% of reviewed expenditures were recommended for recovery. The department highlighted the Make It Minnesota cost-share program, which helps Minnesota food and agriculture companies attend national trade shows such as Natural Products Expo West. Testifiers then described how Agri has supported their businesses: Mark Schiller of Lon Liquor in Northfield said the program helped his microdistillery expand into milling organic flour and adding food service, while Pete Gangler of Snowpack Foods in Caledonia said Agri grants supported food safety improvements, processing capacity, and a new freezer warehouse project. The department said additional grantees would testify as well, and members asked whether the department’s fraud-prevention practices could be shared with other state agencies; staff said they already are being shared through interagency best-practice efforts.
WY

Wyoming 2026 Regular Session

Senate Judiciary Committee, February 24, 2026

Judiciary

Transcript Highlights:
  • , and justice criminal provisions, and justice process.<00:07:11.680> I've<00:07:12.000> been
  • We've discussed the criminal aspect of the case and how challenging it can be for a family to navigate
  • And the reason for that is because each act of penetration is a separate and distinct criminal act.
  • And the reason for that is because each act of penetration is a separate and distinct criminal act.
  • of the Wyoming Division of Criminal of the Wyoming Division of Criminal Investigation<01:14:12.239
Bills: HB0008, HB0009, HB0028
TX

Texas 89th Regular

Education K-16 (Part I) May 22nd, 2025

Education K-16

Transcript Highlights:
  • House Bill 2598 relates to a school psychologist licensed under the Occupations Code.
  • And so currently Texas licenses over 4,000 school psychologists, and ensuring that the legislative code
  • Immunity covering open-enrollment charter schools authorized under Subchapter D of the Education Code
  • Immunity covering open enrollment charter schools authorized under subchapter D of the education code
  • The commission will conduct a comprehensive review of the Education Code.
Bills: HB4, HB20
Summary: The Senate Committee on Education K-16 heard a series of higher education and K-12 bills, initially without a quorum and with several measures left pending subject to the call of the chair. Early bills included HB 1868, which would direct a study on lowering the dual-credit funding threshold for public junior colleges from 15 to 9 semester credit hours; HB 2598, which would replace statutory references to “licensed specialist in school psychology” with “school psychologist”; HB 3629, which would bar registered sex offenders from serving on independent school district boards of trustees; and HB 4361, which would require the Higher Education Coordinating Board to adopt rules for timely emergency notifications at public institutions of higher education. Each received brief sponsor explanations, no opposition testimony, and was left pending. The committee also heard HB 4848, requiring public higher education systems to ensure at least one institution offers affordable competency-based bachelor’s degree programs in high-demand fields, and HB 1211, which would remove the age 25 deadline for former foster youth to use public college tuition waivers. HB 1211 drew extensive supportive testimony from Texas CASA, a former foster youth who benefited from the waiver, and a current student headed to medical school, all arguing the change would better match the realities faced by youth aging out of care. Members discussed the bill’s fiscal uncertainty and the argument that the waiver is an investment in workforce participation; the bill was left pending. Later, the committee heard HB 20, creating an Applied Sciences Pathway Program to let high school students earn certificates in targeted industries such as welding, plumbing, electrical work, manufacturing, and oil and gas while in school. Industry and workforce groups strongly supported the bill as a way to address labor shortages, while Texas 2036 raised concerns about allowing applied versions of core academic courses to substitute for traditional instruction. HB 4687, which would extend governmental immunity protections to certain campus/district charter schools and adult charter high schools, also received support from a charter-school attorney who said it would align statutes with existing case law and not expand charter rights. HB 4236, as substituted, would create a study group to examine the property value study’s effect on school finance and alternative valuation methods; it was adopted as a committee substitute and left pending. The committee also heard HB 824 on civics instruction in high school government courses and HB 2243, which would create a commission on teacher job satisfaction and retention; the latter prompted debate over removing “ethnic diversity” language from the commission’s makeup. After adopting the substitute for HB 2243 by roll call, the committee recessed subject to the call of the chair.