Video & Transcript Research : 'Sam Houston'

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MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Leg Committee Meeting - 2025-04-09

Legacy Finance

Transcript Highlights:
  • For Lassard-Sams, there's 33% for water.
  • Lucky enough to be on Lassard-SAMS. But it's amazing the work that the Lassard-SAMS...
  • in the nonprofit world are coming to this committee and asking for dollars or coming to the Lessard-Sams
Bills: HF2563
TX

Texas 89th Regular

89th Legislative Session May 28th, 2025

Texas House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • She later became a member of the Houston City Council.
  • He was in LA, she was in Houston. She affected people.
  • There was a couple from Houston, Dr.
  • We both spoke at a funeral in Houston for our dear friend. Sheila Jackson Lee was not just Houston.
  • The Senate made changes to align the Houston Fire Department and the Houston Police Department deferred
Bills: SB15, SB646, SB800, SB790, SB748, SB571, SB1957, SB1923, SB1896, SB1760, SB1335, SB2368, SB2477, SB2587, SB2986, SB2965, SB1563, SB1467, SB1164, SB1137, SB614, SB705, SB918, SB955, SB869, SB850, SB863, SB1055, SB2206, SB457, SB2337, SB1610, SB1362, SB926, SB1494, SB251, SB456, SB500, SB1307, SB2615, SB2995, SB2321, SB2972, SB973, SB865, SB506, SB1522, SB1558, SB510, SB667, SB763, SB2073, SB1858, SB1660, SB2900, SB1433, SB1540, SB1964, SB1300, SB1644, SB2217, SB2373, SB2431, SB1758, SB974, SB2480, SB3039, SB3047, SB2781, SB826, SB766, SB527, SB1946, SB2885, SB1243, SB2610, SB857, SB2501, SB66, SB268, SB331, SB1302, SB519, SB2807, SB13, SB7, SB1718, SB1567, SB1233, SB413, SB2177, SB30, SB2024, SJR1, SCR27, SB2018, SB1580, SB2121, SB1049, SB1266, SB1400, SB1596, SB2753, SB2221, SB1719, SCR9, SB204, SB437, SB568, SB612, SB672, SB710, SB823, SB876, SB904, SB905, SB968, SB1084, SB1207, SB1230, SB1313, SB1504, SB1790, SB2232, SB2366, SB2367, SB2398, SB2515, SB2520, SB2589, SB2786, SB2790, SB3048, SB3050, SB3052, SB3053, SB3056, SB3029, SCR3, SCR18, SCR30, HCR146, HCR148, HCR149, HCR153, HCR155, HCR157, HB5560, HB762, HB1584, HB 107, HB 114, HB138, HB4386, HB2495, HB581, HB3348, HB5323, HB4341, HB6, HB2712, HB171, HB3153, HB143, HB2688, HB3464, HB449, HB3486, HB4263, HB2, HB1522, HB24, HB 1237, HB2637, HB3126, HB3233, HB4310, HB3487, HCR9, HB5331, HB1397, HB163, HB3250, HB3071, HB3463, HB5033, HB35, HB3824, HB216, HB4226, HB3512, HB18, HB5154, HB 103, HB851, HB647, HB4520, HB3016, HB2313, HB2818, HB2851, HB4486, HB4264, HB1500, HB5081, HB2974, HB2080, HB4384, HB5659, HB493, HB4903, HB2516, HB4488, HB4530, HB3689, HB145, HB43, HB5247, HB2221, HB5671, HB700, HB3711, HB 120, SB17, SB1637, SB1833, SB2155, SB21, SB2778, SB379
TX

Texas 89th 2nd C.S.

Pensions, Investments & Financial Services May 19th, 2025

Pensions, Investments & Financial Services

Transcript Highlights:
  • In November 2024, Houston ISD asked voters to approve one single measure worth $3.96 billion.
  • Quintero, did the Houston bond issue pass? It did not. Thank you.
  • OK, so it wasn't the Houston Independent School District Board of Trustees, was it?
  • Well, I certainly wasn't because the Houston Independent School District is under the control of the
  • And it's not just in the Houston ISD example, but all throughout the state of Texas.
TX

Texas 89th 2nd C.S.

S/C on County & Regional Government May 5th, 2025

S/C on County & Regional Government

Transcript Highlights:
  • other statutes, uh, other municipalities have this meeting confer, uh, some years back the city of Houston
  • They just Signed a new contract with base salary for police officers at the Houston Police Department
  • to a car, uh, but we also know that, um, they represent about, uh, 2 million people in the city of Houston
  • Uh, Coalition for the Homeless, Houston Harris County is in support of House Bill 3205.
  • We need more, we need expanded emergency shelter access in Houston.
TX

Texas 89th Regular

S/C on County & Regional Government May 5th, 2025

S/C on County & Regional Government

Transcript Highlights:
  • Some years back, the city of Houston was able to secure similar non-binding agreements with their law
  • Thank you, Chairman Spiller, and just to reiterate, the City of Houston, I want to congratulate...
  • Police officers at the Houston Police Department, which has become a premier department due to its diversity
  • Houston-Harris County is in support of House Bill 3205.
  • We need expanded emergency shelter access in Houston.
TX

Texas 89th Regular

S/C on County & Regional Government Mar 24th, 2025

S/C on County & Regional Government

Transcript Highlights:
  • said, my name is Bo Stallman, I'm the sheriff down in Ambrosia County, which is just... south of Houston
  • Houston-area nurses are experiencing increased workplace violence, contributing to staff burnout and
  • In the Houston area, we are trying to obtain that service and the support we need, as it is essential
  • That county covers the two main hospitals in Houston, plus over 34 clinics.
  • As John mentioned, we operate two major hospitals in Houston.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
  • Houston alone accounted for 215 of those cases, the highest of any city in the United States.
  • We want to be safe on the roadway, and Texas and Houston are... very car-centric places.
  • I find the answer that Houston is a city that drives a lot to be unsatisfying, and I'm curious what you
  • I don't believe that Houston is that much different from other... ...major urban areas in the state or
  • I represent Crime Stoppers of Houston. And you're testifying for or against House Bill 795?
Keywords: 1184, house, all
TX

Texas 89th Regular

Intergovernmental Affairs Apr 8th, 2025

Intergovernmental Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • And I will say most, many cities in Texas, such as the City of Austin, San Antonio,... ...Houston, Dallas
  • Okay, as an example, the City of Houston adopted a climate... ...action plan.
  • I'm here on behalf of the Greater Houston Builders Association, and I'm here testifying in support of
  • The same distance as Houston would be—it's two and a half to three hours, depending on where you are
  • Want to become part of the City of Houston or something. And there's always debate about that.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
  • Houston Police Officer and Executive Director of the Houston Police Officers Union.
  • You represent the Houston Police Officers Association and the Houston Police Officers Union.
  • An oversight they did not... include 143 and 147, which are meet and confer in Dallas, Austin, and Houston
  • I was against it because it went completely against our contract that we have with the City of Houston
  • Houston, I'm here on behalf of the Associated Builders and Contractors of Texas, ABC Texas.
TX

Texas 89th Regular

Intergovernmental Affairs Mar 18th, 2025

Intergovernmental Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • I own 43 apartment projects in the Houston area.
  • We can look at how that has been invested and used in our home... ...is the city of Houston and the Houston
  • about 20,000 units acquired by the Houston Housing Authority.
  • Not that we have NIMBYs in Houston, but hey.
  • Turner, City of Houston case.
TX

Texas 89th Regular

Appropriations - S/C on Articles VI, VII, & VIII Feb 24th, 2025

Appropriations - S/C on Articles VI, VII, & VIII

Transcript Highlights:
  • All Texans, the best way I can, coming from Houston.
  • , the Houston Ship Channel, as I understand it, the Ship Channel.
  • And if you work with our city and county and our Port of Houston, that'd be great.
  • Houston.
  • In Houston, there's a lady that hasn't been paid since.
Keywords: 1184, house, all
TX

Texas 89th Regular

Land & Resource Management Apr 24th, 2025

Land & Resource Management

Transcript Highlights:
  • You know, on behalf of yourself and the Greater Houston Builders Association and Texas Association of
  • I'm a homebuilder in Houston, Texas. I'm here with and the Texas Association of Builders.
  • As a small builder in Houston, we only build a handful of homes every year.
  • We're just going to stay as a small Houston city builder.
  • We show you registered as Bill Ellison on behalf of yourself and the Greater Houston Builders. and Texas
TX
Transcript Highlights:
  • And, you know, I was in Houston, couldn't speak there.
  • We had over a thousand people there in Houston Saturday, and they were shut out.
  • Were you in Houston on Saturday, may I ask? Yes, I was. Were you able to testify?
  • Well, we're glad you're able to be with us today from, I guess, Houston.
  • In fact, the Houston hearing was at the University of Houston on November 20.
Summary: The Senate Special Committee on Congressional Redistricting met virtually for its West Texas regional hearing, established a quorum, and explained that the hearing was part of a series of statewide information-gathering sessions before any map was filed. The chair outlined the Zoom procedures, the two-minute testimony limit, and the availability of written comments through the committee’s public portal. Senators also discussed the logistics and transparency of the process, including the expectation that any proposed map or amendment would be made public once filed and that additional hearings would follow. Senator Blanco, whose district includes West Texas and the border region, said the area’s communities of interest should be kept together and warned against repeating the loss of representation that followed the last redistricting cycle. Senators Alvarado, Hinojosa, Miles, and others debated the value of virtual hearings versus in-person hearings, the number of people who had testified, and whether the committee could subpoena witnesses after the regional hearings ended. The chair said he was awaiting legal guidance and would consider a subpoena motion at a formal meeting the next day. A lengthy exchange also occurred over the tone of public testimony and the chair’s view that some comments directed at Republicans and the president had been offensive or historically inaccurate. Invited witnesses and public commenters largely opposed mid-decade redistricting and argued that any new map should reflect population growth, especially among Latino and other minority communities, and comply with the Voting Rights Act. Nina Perales of MALDEF said the hearings were not meaningful without a draft map and testified that Texas has a long history of discriminatory redistricting; senators questioned her about litigation, DOJ’s July 7 letter, and the 2021 congressional map. Tania Chavez Camacho, Luis Figueroa, and several El Paso residents emphasized that maps should preserve communities of interest, avoid cracking and packing, and be transparent and participatory. A smaller number of witnesses supported redistricting, including one El Paso resident who said the current districting leaves the area underrepresented and another who argued that some communities want to return to a map closer to the earlier District 16 configuration. Several witnesses also criticized the DOJ letter as inconsistent with the state’s position that the 2021 maps were drawn race-blind, while others said the current process was too rushed and lacked sufficient public input.
FL

Florida 2026 4th Special Session

February 12, 2026 - 12:30 PM

Transcript Highlights:
  • Sam Wagner for the League of Cities. You want to come speak, Sam? Come on down. Thank you, Mr.
  • Sam Wagner, Florida League of Cities. I do want to thank the sponsor, first and foremost.
Summary: The State Administration Budget Subcommittee met with a quorum and considered three bills. HB 1221, the Department of Financial Services agency package, was presented as a streamlining and modernization bill covering the My Safe Florida Home Program, unclaimed property, and the state’s new PALM accounting system. Two amendments were adopted: one restoring the current $15 million cap DFS may retain in the unclaimed property trust fund and another making conforming changes to replace references to FLAIR with PALM. The bill was supported by public witnesses and was reported favorably after a unanimous roll call vote. The committee then heard HB 1291, dealing with the Florida Birth-Related Neurological Injury Compensation Association (NICA). The sponsor explained that the bill was intended to address concerns that NICA could fall below actuarially sound funding in the 2027-2028 fiscal year and that current law lacks clear triggers for funding remedies. An amendment was adopted that removed the bill’s fiscal impact and preserved a $20 million reserve. NICA representatives spoke in support, and the amended bill was reported favorably by unanimous vote. Finally, the committee took up CSHB 1329, which would modernize local government budget transparency by requiring budgets to be posted 14 days before hearings, retained online for five years, and made searchable and accessible, while also requiring a 10% budget-cutting exercise before adoption. Local government groups and the CFO’s office discussed costs and suggested that the EDR portal may be a better centralized way to present the data, especially for smaller jurisdictions. Members generally supported the transparency goal but raised concerns about implementation costs; the sponsor said the bill was still being refined. The bill was reported favorably on a mostly party-line vote, with one member voting no for now. The meeting then adjourned after the chair noted submission of the FY 2026-27 budget recommendation.
TX

Texas 89th Regular

Trade, Workforce & Economic Development Apr 15th, 2025 at 10:04 am

Trade, Workforce & Economic Development

Transcript Highlights:
  • Legacy is located 45 miles northwest of Houston.
  • We employ 90 to 120 people throughout the year, depending on... ...west of Houston.
  • I do, I'm here on behalf of a Houston Realist. ...of the committee.
  • I'm here on behalf of the Houston Real Estate Council.
  • As my counterpart with the Houston Real Estate Council mentioned,... ...As my counterpart with the Houston
Summary: The committee heard testimony on several bills related to technology, construction, economic development, and consumer protection. HB 3862 would restrict minors’ access to certain social media apps and limit smartphone use in classrooms; supporters, including Champions for Childhood, argued that smartphones and social media contribute to addiction, distraction, depression, self-harm, and trafficking risks, and the bill was left pending. HB 3712 would change Texas retainage rules so owners could not withhold payment on specially fabricated construction materials once they are delivered, approved, and warranted; subcontractors and suppliers said current retainage practices delay payment for years and create financial risk, and the bill was left pending. HB 2963, the right-to-repair bill, would require manufacturers to provide parts, tools, and information for independent repair of digital devices, with exemptions for medical devices, vehicles under existing agreements, and trade-secret protections; consumer, environmental, business, and repair advocates supported it, while Safelite asked that automotive manufacturers not be excluded from the bill, and it was left pending. HB 4308 would create county industrial development districts to attract major employers and finance infrastructure through local elections and bonds; Fort Bend County supported it as a tool to add jobs and broaden the tax base, and it was left pending. The committee also heard HB 3344, which would create a licensing system for re-roofing contractors, require insurance and bonding, and establish a public database and complaint process. Supporters said it would help curb storm chasers and protect homeowners after storms, while opponents argued it would add burdens on legitimate small roofers, duplicate existing fraud laws, and potentially restrict consumer choice and contractor pricing flexibility. After extensive testimony and questions, the bill was left pending. HB 4196 would create a task force on modernizing manufacturing through digital integration and automation; Schneider Electric and the Texas Workforce Commission supported it as a way to improve competitiveness and create skilled jobs, and it was left pending. HB 3874 would require contractors to receive copies of incorporated contract documents before signing if requested; subcontractors and construction attorneys said it would improve transparency and prevent parties from being bound by unseen terms, and it was left pending. In pending business, the committee voted out several bills. HB 74, creating the Port Verde Port Authority District, was reported favorably to the full House without amendment. HB 112, relating to a science park in certain counties, was reported favorably as substituted. HB 2214, on floodplain notice requirements for leased dwellings, HB 3016, on rental vehicle damage waivers, HB 3133, on explicit deepfake material on social media, HB 3173, on workforce development program planning and evaluation, HB 3807, on child care waiting list priority for children of certain child care workers, HB 463, on unilateral memoranda of contract for residential property, HB 4115, on shareholder proposals to certain domestic corporations, and HB 5008, on use of the Skills Development Fund by certain entities, were all reported favorably, most without amendment and some as substituted. HB 2652, creating a certified caregiver pilot program in the Borderplex workforce area, was also reported favorably and sent to the Committee on Local and Consent Calendars.
VT

Vermont 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Session - 2026-05-19 - 10:00AM

Vermont House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Rutherford, purchased it for his Houston, Texas home, and after his death in 2020, the Rutherford estate
  • Rutherford, purchased it for his<00:03:48.320> Houston,<00:03:48.720> Texas<00:03:49.160
  • > home,<00:03:49.680> and<00:03:49.800> after<00:03:50.040> his his Houston
  • , Texas home, and after his his Houston, Texas home, and after his death<00:03:50.440> in<00:03
  • that the artwork was then at a Houston that the artwork was then at a Houston auction<00:04:30.320
Keywords: 926, house, all
Summary: The House opened with routine proceedings, including a moment of silence and the Pledge of Allegiance, then referred three bills to money committees under House Rule 35A: S.197 to Ways and Means, and S.193 and S.278 to Appropriations. The chamber also read and celebrated HCR 304, honoring the display of Julian Scott’s Civil War painting, The Fourth Vermont Forming Under Fire, in the State House and recognizing the people who helped locate and acquire it for Vermont. HCR 303 was also read, extending best wishes for a speedy recovery to Rep. Ann Donahue; members then offered warm remarks welcoming her back to the chamber. Several members introduced guests in the gallery, and caucus announcements were made before the body moved to the calendar. On transportation, the House took up H.944, the fiscal year 2027 transportation program. The House Transportation Committee reported major differences with the Senate version and, by straw poll, recommended a committee of conference. The House refused to concur in the Senate amendment, appointed conferees, and suspended rules to message its action to the Senate forthwith. The House then considered S.214, which would allow the NEK Choice School District to pay tuition for pre-K students to nearby New Hampshire public-school programs, with administration by Essex North Supervisory Union and possible waivers from state agencies. Education, Ways and Means, and Appropriations all recommended concurrence, citing limited fiscal impact and improved access for children in Essex County; the bill was read a third time and ordered to third reading after debate that included support for rural access and concerns about relying on out-of-state capacity. The House also concurred in Senate amendments to H.171, adding “the role of victim advocates” to officer-involved shooting investigation protocols, and to H.577, the Vermont prescription drug discount card program, which added annual reporting requirements and a terminology fix. The House likewise concurred in Senate amendments to H.588, the annual Office of Professional Regulation bill, including changes on rescission authority, substance-use treatment alternatives, CPA language, pharmacy technician authority, fee placement, and background checks. It then concurred in Senate amendments to H.611, a DVHA housekeeping bill, including 340B protections, a one-year delay for the community-based doula certification program, and codification of current HIV-prevention coverage practice. H.921 was postponed for two legislative days. Finally, the House took up S.227 on immigration protocols in Vermont schools, with the member from Williston describing it as a school safety measure that limits collection and sharing of immigration-status information, provides trusted resources to families, and requires a judicial warrant before law enforcement enters non-public school areas for immigration matters.
KY
Transcript Highlights:
  • Association, Sam McAuen. Want to welcome him.
  • He's uh been here with us for a little while, but uh we're glad to have him on board. >> Sam, welcome
  • Association,<00:05:21.919> Sam<00:05:22.320> McAuen.
  • <00:05:31.680> And<00:05:31.919> then >> Sam, welcome to our committee.
  • And then >> Sam, welcome to our committee.
Summary: The committee met and approved the minutes, then heard announcements and introductions from members and guests, including an invitation to an East Kentucky trail ride opening and welcomes for new EPIC and Kentucky Coal Association representatives and several constituents. After the opening business, the committee turned to a presentation on nanotechnology and energy applications by Rodney Andrews of the University of Kentucky Center for Applied Energy Research. Andrews explained how nanoscale materials behave differently because of their size and surface area, and described uses in consumer products, batteries, solar panels, catalysts, coatings, sensors, and energy storage. Members asked about the relationship between nanomaterials and coal, and Andrews said carbon nanotubes can be made from coal-derived hydrocarbons, which members noted as an opportunity for Kentucky’s coal and manufacturing sectors. He also discussed work on improved solar coatings, more stable perovskites, fuel-processing catalysts, hydrogen storage, renewable diesel and sustainable aviation fuel, electromagnetic shielding, and conductive yarns and fabrics. The presentation also covered more advanced applications such as thermoelectric textiles, power transmission materials, thermal transport composites for aerospace, nanofluids for cooling, and fusion reactor shielding. In the final discussion, members raised questions about electromagnetic pulse protection and quantum computing; Andrews said the materials discussed could absorb and spread energy and that shielding applications may help with EMPs, while quantum computing remains limited by extremely low operating temperatures. No formal votes were taken beyond approval of the minutes.
TX

Texas 89th Regular

Economic Development Apr 7th, 2025

Economic Development

Transcript Highlights:
  • University of Houston is in the finals, so let's go Cougs and hope that they do well.
  • We're scheduled to be in Houston in 2026 and in Dallas in 2029.
  • You may notice that the Houston numbers from 2022 were skewed a little lower.
  • We had this event in Houston, and it is a big economic boost for the city.
  • We had this event in Houston, and it is a big economic boost for the city.
Summary: The committee heard a series of bills, mostly related to economic development, tax incentives, and workforce programs. Senate Bill 1534 would direct a study by the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board and the Texas Workforce Commission on health physics education and workforce needs; resource witnesses from the Workforce Commission and Coordinating Board testified, and the bill was left pending. Senate Bill 1553 would authorize Kerr County to impose a hotel occupancy tax for tourism-related uses, and Senate Bills 1086 and 1087 would authorize similar county hotel taxes for Children’s County and Mason County; all three bills received supportive testimony and were left pending. The committee also heard Senate Bill 1754, which would prohibit county and local tax abatements for renewable energy facilities selling power wholesale, with testimony sharply divided between landowners and policy groups opposing renewable subsidies and industry representatives and some senators arguing the bill would harm clean energy investment and local decision-making; the bill was left pending. The committee then heard Senate Bill 2322, which would exempt dispatchable electric generation facilities from the JEDI program’s compelling-factor test so they could qualify for school district tax incentives; testimony was mixed, and the bill was left pending. Later, the committee heard Senate Bill 1718, which would add the NRA annual meeting to the state’s major events reimbursement program. The bill’s sponsor and NRA representatives argued the event brings substantial tourism and economic activity, while opponents said it would use taxpayer funds to subsidize an organization that opposes gun safety measures; the bill was left pending. Senate Bill 2004 would add the Arlington Grand Prix to the major events reimbursement program, with the committee substitute exempting it from the usual competitive site-selection requirement because of timing; testimony from the event organizers and Arlington tourism officials was supportive, and the bill was left pending. Senate Bill 2448 would create a rural workforce development grant program at the Texas Workforce Commission to support college-and-career readiness and technical assistance in rural communities; witnesses from Texas 2036, Collegiate Edgination, and a rural school district supported it, and it was left pending. Finally, Senate Bill 913 would repeal a special requirement that Alpine dedicate at least 50% of its hotel occupancy tax to advertising and promotion, and Senate Bill 1143 would require more coordination and reporting for youth workforce programs serving disconnected young Texans; both bills received supportive testimony and were left pending. At the end of the hearing, Senator Johnson moved that the committee stand in recess, subject to the call of the chair.
TX

Texas 89th Regular

Business and Commerce (Part II) Apr 1st, 2025

Business & Commerce

Transcript Highlights:
  • I am a 35-year Houston police officer and executive director of the Houston Police Officers Union.
  • I am a 35-year Houston police officer and executive director of the Houston Police Officers Union.
  • You represent the Houston Police Officers Union?
  • I was against it because it went completely against our contract that we had with the city of Houston
  • ...the representative of the Houston police said, well, we have contracts.
Summary: The Senate Committee on Business and Commerce heard Senate Bill 2021 by Senator Johnson, as substituted, on distributed energy resources (DERs). Johnson said the bill was intended to create a regulatory framework for DERs and virtual power plants, address interconnection and registration issues, and prevent regulatory capture as the industry grows. Testimony was split: Texas Electric Cooperatives asked for clarification so co-ops would not be unintentionally excluded from owning or operating DERs; AECT supported the bill as providing needed rules and customer protections; TABA, Texas Solar and Storage Association, Sierra Club, Texas Solar Energy Society, and several others opposed it or raised concerns that it was too utility-centric, imposed red tape, and could burden homeowners and small businesses with registration and interconnection requirements. Johnson repeatedly said the bill was not meant to stop rooftop solar or backup systems and that he was open to specific redlines and further changes. SB 2021 was left pending after testimony. The committee then took up Senate Bill 2330 by Senator Parker, which would end government payroll deduction for dues to certain public employee organizations, while exempting first responders under Chapters 143 and 147 and making other conforming changes in a committee substitute. Parker argued the bill was about government neutrality, transparency, and employee freedom from coercion, and said organizations can collect dues directly using modern payment methods. Supporters from Texas Public Policy Foundation, Texas Business Coalition, Freedom Foundation, ABC Texas, and Texans for Fiscal Responsibility said taxpayer-funded payroll systems should not be used to collect dues for private organizations, especially ones involved in political activity. Opponents, including ATPE, Texas Classroom Teachers Association, Texas Public Employees Association, and correctional employees, said payroll deduction is a convenient, secure service that helps professional associations and employee groups, and argued the bill would burden teachers and other public employees. Several witnesses and senators focused on the bill’s exemptions and whether it treated teachers differently from first responders. Senator Menendez questioned why some public employees were excluded while others were not, and a Houston police union representative said he moved from opposing to supporting the bill after being told the substitute would preserve meet-and-confer deductions under Chapters 143 and 147. Senator Parker closed by saying the bill was not meant to eliminate associations or payroll deduction entirely, only to remove the state as a middleman. SB 2330 was left pending, and the committee then recessed subject to call.