Transcript Highlights:

• The progression, though, is when the Bakken-Three Forks first took off.
• First, we'll look at Twin Valley, which was the most straightforward.
• The first time was about a month ago with Will and Ron and others in the room.
• My first almost decade for Continental, I was more in a corporate role.
• So there's the green there on the first chart: PDP, proved producing wells.

Keywords: 908, all

Summary: The Finance and Tax Committee met to consider Senate Bill 2397 and a proposed amendment creating a development incentive well program for North Dakota oil and gas production. Representative Dockter explained the amendment as a way to encourage exploratory and innovative drilling in light of the state’s financial outlook and the growing share of stripper wells. Department of Mineral Resources Director Nathan Anderson and DMR geologist Timothy Nashim presented background on the Bakken and Three Forks formations, with Nashim describing research showing that Middle Three Forks second-bench development can add reserves in some areas but not others, and that roughly 600 additional wells in the strongest area could yield about 250 million barrels of oil. Continental Resources representatives William Houser and John Argo supported the amendment. They said the bill would give a temporary oil extraction tax exemption for certified development incentive wells, limited to 36 months or 300,000 barrels, and would also update tax treatment for gas used in enhanced oil recovery and on-site electric generation. They argued the measure would encourage new technology and testing in existing spacing units, complementing House Bill 1483, which they said focused on geographic expansion into non-Bakken and non-Three Forks areas. Argo said Continental still invests heavily in North Dakota but is shifting rigs elsewhere because of economics, and he urged incentives to spur exploration and preserve the basin’s long-term future. North Dakota Petroleum Council executive director Ron Ness also supported the concept, calling it a targeted, low-risk way to encourage innovation and future barrels. Committee members asked about royalty treatment, the difference from House Bill 1483, pressure maintenance, and how the program would be administered. DMR said the amendment should clarify that the operator bears the burden of proving a well qualifies and that only one incentive well per stratigraphic interval should be certified. No vote was taken; the committee paused to work on revised language and indicated the bill would likely need further adjustment, possibly in conference committee.

Transcript Highlights:

• Richard, you want to go ahead and call the roll first? Chair Villio. Here. Present.
• And when I first read this bill, the very first thing I thought of is this is going to criminalize Southern's
• The first three amendments are technical.
• And this is First 48—you can go watch it, season 15.
• At first, I was a little disappointed that we went back to exposure.

Summary: The Committee for the Administration of Criminal Justice met on April 8, 2026, with a quorum present and heard several criminal justice bills. HB 322, which would prohibit fees for victims or family members requesting transcripts of executive-session testimony before the Board of Pardons and Parole, was described as a cleanup measure and was reported favorably without objection. HB 635, dealing with criminal activity by agents of foreign adversaries or foreign terrorist organizations, received extensive support testimony from advocacy groups focused on foreign influence and transnational repression; the committee adopted a technical amendment and reported the bill favorably as amended. HB 132, which expands battery of a police officer to cover intentional sound directed at an officer and related conduct, drew strong support from law enforcement groups and significant opposition from civil liberties and criminal defense organizations concerned about vagueness, First Amendment issues, and impacts on parades and protests; after adopting an amendment moving the sound-related language into the general battery definition, the committee reported the bill favorably as amended. The committee also considered HB 275, which increases minimum sentences when domestic abuse occurs in the presence of a child and extends the penalty to battery of a dating partner. Supporters argued the bill recognizes the lasting trauma to children exposed to domestic violence, while opponents warned that mandatory minimums reduce judicial discretion and that the child-presence language is broad; the committee adopted two amendment sets and reported the bill favorably as amended. HB 808, revising Louisiana’s HIV exposure law to require a substantial likelihood of transmission based on current medical science and to narrow criminal liability for negligible-risk conduct, drew broad support from physicians, advocates, and people living with HIV, with testimony emphasizing that the law should reflect modern science and avoid overcriminalization; after adopting an amendment set, the committee reported the bill favorably as amended. Finally, HB 1054, sponsored by Chair Villio, would allow certain law-enforcement drone footage to be self-authenticating with notice requirements; it received support from prosecutors and sheriffs’ groups and was reported favorably without objection.

Transcript Highlights:

• The first one we have is HB 461 from Delegate Cohen.
• with law enforcement, first with this as the first pass, and then, you know, possibly next year or after
• the training with the, what am I trying to say, law enforcement, first with this as the first pass,
• That was the first one.
• So I think that that would be the first step.

Summary: The Virginia Disability Commission held its first meeting of the year on June 18, established a quorum, and introduced members. Senator Barbara Favola was elected chair and Delegate Amy Laufer was elected vice chair, both unanimously. The commission also reviewed and unanimously approved its electronic/remote participation policy, which mirrors last year’s policy and allows limited remote participation under Virginia FOIA rules. Staff then reviewed a package of 14 disability-related bills that passed last session and were signed into law. Topics included disabled veterans’ vehicle registration fee exemptions, open captioning requirements for movie theaters, guardianship/conservatorship order forwarding, service dog team definitions, education and transition planning for students with disabilities, Blue Envelope and driver communication training for law enforcement and driver education, deferred disposition and jury service protections, voting rights in guardianship cases, expansion of the Virginia Human Rights Act, continuation of a DD waiver eligibility change, and DMAS training authority for autism competency checklists. Members discussed implementation concerns, especially making the Blue Envelope/driver communication program more visible and considering a follow-up letter and DMV presentation. The commission then adopted its interim work plan unanimously, with discussion of possible presentations on DMAS and Medicaid waivers, DBHDS telehealth training implementation, SCHEV and VDOE transition planning, transition from institutions to community settings, criminal justice reform, transportation and parking accessibility, adult-sized changing tables, and school accessibility. Members also suggested adding EVV concerns, seclusion and restraint, rare disease issues, and insurance coverage problems for needed medications. Public commenters urged the commission to address burdensome EVV requirements for family caregivers, improve accessibility for local government meetings and documents, and explore a standardized credential/career pathway for direct support professionals. The chair said follow-up work would be assigned on EVV and implementation issues, and the meeting location would move to the Senate side of the Capitol going forward.

Transcript Highlights:

• The first one we have is HB 461 from Delegate Cohen.
• The first one we have is HB 461 from Delegate Cohen.
• First, it specifies...
• So that was the first one.
• So I think that that would be the first step.

Keywords: Disability Commission, 976, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• This would be the first public wildfire model in the nation.
• First, I want to thank the committee staff for their work on SB 256.
• I'm in ninth grade, and I strongly oppose this bill. Good afternoon.
• I'm a first-generation immigrant. I oppose this bill. Good afternoon.
• And I’d like first ask the author, what can you do to make that happen?

Summary: The committee met to hear seven Senate bills, first approving two consent items, SB 352 and SB 804, on motions to do pass to Appropriations. SB 542 (Limón) would require public notice and comment before issuing a financial responsibility certificate for an oil pipeline and require hydrostatic testing before restarting pipelines idle for five years or more; it was supported by the Center for Biological Diversity and passed the committee on a due-pass motion to Appropriations. SB 616 (Rubio) would create an independent community hardening commission within the Department of Insurance to coordinate wildfire mitigation and insurance-related recommendations; it drew support from the Department of Insurance and several local and industry groups, while water agencies, special districts, and the building industry raised concerns about water infrastructure standards, and it passed on a due-pass motion to Insurance. SB 429 (Cortese), which would establish a public wildfire catastrophe model and related university-based research and education program, received support from the Department of Insurance and outside groups and passed as amended to Appropriations. SB 256 (Perez) would strengthen wildfire mitigation and emergency response by expanding planning, improving PSPS communication, requiring utility coordination with emergency centers, and directing removal of permanently abandoned electrical facilities; utilities and business groups were generally neutral after amendments, while the author emphasized the bill’s connection to recent wildfire losses, and it passed as amended to Appropriations. SB 509 (Caballero) would require specialized training for local law enforcement on transnational repression targeting diaspora communities; it received support from the California Police Chiefs Association and immigrant-rights advocates, but drew extensive opposition from Hindu and civil-rights organizations concerned about bias, implementation, and First Amendment issues. Committee members discussed amendments to clarify cultural competency, diversity, and constitutional protections, and the bill passed as amended to Appropriations. After the hearing, the committee took final roll-call votes on the bills, with the consent items and SB 429, SB 256, and SB 509 moving forward, while SB 542 and SB 616 were also reported out on earlier motions.

Transcript Highlights:

• The program, the Applied Sciences Pathway Program, will help 11th and 12th grade students complete a
• , this is the floor amendment information that was distributed several days ago when this bill was first
• First of all, the members of the House clarified the de novo appeal process when a prosecutor appeals
• The House also added an amendment requiring that individuals, a judge guilty of a first or second degree

Bills: SJR 5, SJR 27, SB 4, SB 6, SB 7, SB 9, SB 13, SB 15, SB 23, SB 27, SB 30, SB 40, SB 57, SB 66, SB 140, SB 268, SB 293, SB 331, SB 413, SB 437, SB 447, SB 457, SB 467, SB 506, SB 510, SB 512, SB 568, SB 571, SB 650, SB 710, SB 763, SB 785, SB 800, SB 850, SB 863, SB 865, SB 904, SB 905, SB 973, SB 974, SB 1191, SB 1281, SB 1300, SB 1362, SB 1494, SB 1504, SB 1522, SB 1540, SB 1567, SB 1579, SB 1580, SB 1610, SB 1660, SB 1723, SB 1760, SB 1838, SB 1923, SB 1946, SB 1957, SB 1964, SB 2018, SB 2024, SB 2121, SB 2167, SB 2217, SB 2221, SB 2321, SB 2337, SB 2368, SB 2373, SB 2407, SB 2431, SB 2477, SB 2587, SB 2615, SB 2753, SB 2807, SB 2900, SB 2965, SB 2972, SB 2986, SB 3039, SB 3047, SB 3059, SB 3070, SB 1, SB 8, SB 12, SB 13, SB 15, SB 17, SB 21, SB 30, SB 37, SB 260, SB 268, SB 331, SB 379, SB 441, SB 447, SB 457, SB 509, SB 650, SB 763, SB 1198, SB 1405, SB 1506, SB 1566, SB 1610, SB 1637, SB 1660, SB 1833, SB 2018, SB 2024, SB 2155, SB 2217, SB 2308, SB 2337, SB 2601, SB 2753, SB 2778, SB 2878, SB 2900, SB 3059, HB 4, HB 145, HB 300, HB 493, HB 2011, HB 2067, HB 2516, HB 2525, HB 2885, HB 2974, HB 3071, HB 3372, HB 3595, HB 5138, HB 5246, HB 796, HB 1523, HB 5294, HB 748, HB 3395, HB 180, HB 3171, HB 4690, HB 146, HB 5596, HB 5694, HB 1135, HB 3225, HB 186, HB 1449, HB 3793, HB 112, HB 104, HB 4233, HB 1094, HB 3336, HB 3520, HB 3320, HB 5663, HB 2731, HB 2399, HB 111, HB 3483, HB 4580, HB 3748, HB 632, HB 4730, HB 127, HB 5690, HB 5689, HB 3385, HB 4359, HB 5381, HB 20, HB 123, HB 549, HB 5606, HB 2594, HB 1057, HB 3664, HCR 141, HCR 40, HCR 59, SJR 36, SJR 50, SJR 63, SCR 12, SCR 39, SB 2023, SB 62, SB 666, SB 847, SB 284, SB 854, SB 810, SB 1505, SB 583, SB 507, SB 1434, SB 1772, SB 2016, SB 1122, SB 731, SB 397, SB 508, SB 1436, SB 287, SB 1882, SB 393, SB 1791, SB 209, SB 2429, SB 1085, SB 1975, SB 2717, SB 1262, SB 636, SB 2056, SB 884, SB 1200, SB 1845, SB 2458, SB 801, SB 3014, SB 3013, SB 758, SB 2797, SB 2076, SB 2876, SB 1640, SB 1449, SB 1181, SB 1234, SB 2926, SB 2841, SB 1528, SB 1854, SB 317, SB 1250, SB 2082, SB 1237, SB 2819, SB 629, SB 2608, SB 1602, SB 2009, SB 867, SB 640, SB 1698, SB 2680, SB 913, SB 1071, SB 1086, SB 1087, SB 1483, SB 1444, SB 1553, SB 1556, SB 1703, SB 2133, SB 2297, SB 2298, SB 2622, SB 2955, SB 2334, SB 1367, SB 2044, SB 2363, SB 2565, SB 1888, SB 3036, SB 3057, SB 3043, SB 3063, SB 3035, SB 203, SB 2688, SB 2522, SB 2459, SB 2655, SB 2251, SB 1884, SB 2928, SB 2566, SB 2549, SB 2553, SB 2919, SB 1944, SB 1232, SB 1798, SB 2603, SB 2607, SB 2683, SB 1319, SB 3045, SB 3071, HB 20, HB 127, HB 549, HB 1094, HB 2594, HB 2731, HB 4233, HB 4690, SR 625, HCR 167, SJR 5, SB 4, SB 6, SB 9, SB 23, SB 40, SB 13, SB 15, SB 30, SB 268, SB 331, SB 447, SB 457, SB 568, SB 650, SB 763, SB 1540, SB 1610, SB 1660, SB 2018, SB 2024, SB 2217, SB 2337, SB 2753, SB 2900, SB 2972, SB 3059, HB 4, HB 145, HB 493, HB 2067, HB 2516, HB 2885, HB 2974, HB 3071, HB 3372, HB 3556, HB 3595, HB 5138

Keywords: bail, felony offenses, criminal justice reform, public safety, constitutional amendment, judicial conduct, state commission, judicial misconduct, commission membership, property tax, homestead exemption, school funding, state aid, electric power, interconnection, utilities, ERCOT, large load customers, water supply, sewer service

Summary: The meeting centered around the discussions of several key bills, notably HB4233, which aims to align Texas's money transmission licensing and auditing requirements with federal regulations. Senator Parker led the discussion, emphasizing the need for consumer protections around cryptocurrency kiosks that have become targets for fraud, particularly affecting vulnerable populations such as seniors. The meeting also saw lively debates on HB20, designed to reintegrate technical education into high schools, addressing skills shortages in the workforce. The bills were well received, with strong bipartisan support evident in the votes.

Transcript Highlights:

• Anybody wants to come first? Ladies first? Ladies first? Ladies first? Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
• Well, this is my first ever license plate bill, and I'm excited about it.
• Anybody wants to come first? Ladies first? Ladies first? Ladies first? Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
• Okay, is this your first bill?
• This crushed me the first time I read about it.

Bills: SCR58, SB309, SB514, HCR63, HCR69, HB401, HB487, HB722, HB730, HB745, HB988, HB989, HB1001, HB1024, HB1032, HB1050, HB1081, HB1086, HB1108, HB1172, HB1173, HB1175, HB1192, HB1218, HB1244

Keywords: SCR 58, Senate Concurrent Resolution, DOTD, Department of Transportation and Development, public-private partnership, P3, public-private partnership contracting, Belle Chasse Toll Bridge, Belle Chasse Bridge, toll bridge, tolling, tolls, transportation infrastructure, roads and highways, Plaquemines Parish, bridge project, toll fees, unauthorized charges, contract oversight, procurement

Transcript Highlights:

• They had the first flight for Seattle and San Diego.
• They're looking at this as a two-phase: we want first to have drones as a first responder.
• So first and foremost, we'll talk about the FY25 infrastructure funding.
• So what you'll have here, we'll talk about Shawnee first.
• It was our first project. Some of the worst pavement on the airport...

Summary: The committee met for an oversight update on how one-time and recurring transportation-related appropriations are being implemented. Oklahoma Department of Aerospace and Aeronautics Director Grayson Artees reviewed ARPA and PREP-funded airport and aerospace projects, including completed or nearing-completion work at Will Rogers, Woodward, Ardmore, Tulsa’s air traffic control tower, and multiple hangar, terminal, taxiway, utility, and UAS infrastructure projects statewide. He also discussed one-time FY25 and FY26 appropriations for airport development, the repurposing of an unneeded Lufthansa project allocation into other aerospace projects, and the department’s aerospace education grants, classroom labs, aircraft-build programs, and internship support. Members asked for lists of participating schools and for a clearer overall accounting of the funding; Artees said the department would provide those materials and estimated roughly $400 million has been invested in aerospace and defense since PREP and ARPA, with about $250 million directed to airport infrastructure. The committee then heard from ODOT Secretary Tim Gatz on the Retro Fund, lake and industrial access roads, ports of entry, and the PACT Fund. Gatz said Retro, created in statute and funded with $200 million in both 2024 and FY25, is helping accelerate rural high-impact road and bridge projects; he reported $249 million awarded so far, supporting about $1.4 billion in construction, with most projects expected to be awarded by September 2027. He also described lake and industrial access projects, including work at the Port of Inola, and updated members on ports of entry, internal way stations, and the replacement of the aging OkiPROS permitting system with ProMiles. On PACT, he said the county road and bridge allocations are being administered, but the Tax Commission’s role in distributing the county road share has created unnecessary bureaucracy; he urged a statutory fix so the money can go directly to counties. Members asked for lists of approved lake/recreational projects and for clarification on the Tax Commission issue; Gatz said ODOT would provide the project list and that he would welcome Tax Commission input on a legislative remedy. No votes were taken, and the meeting adjourned after the updates and questions.

Transcript Highlights:

• But we have yet to see the first some are are micro reactor go into service and us.
• First of a guy, first of a kind to have a kind with the end of the the reactor where economic efficiencies
• One thousands, the feud first unit was way over budget and way over time.
• The first experiment will start as early as spring of 2026.
• That's the first part of the question.

Transcript Highlights:

• Dispatchers are often the first of the first responders.
• The first voice of a person hears on the life or death emergency.
• Okay, seeing no questions, we have a first and second on the bill.
• We have a first and a second secretary. Please call the vote.
• Yes, first bill out today. Oh, no, sorry. I'm sorry.

Keywords: 988, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• First, the TEC makes disclosure reports available to the public.
• It was the first year with over 10,000 filers, the first year with over 7,000 calls to our legal helpline
• First, it's upgrading its filing system.
• generally speaking, people have First Amendment rights to lie.
• But first, I just wanted to say a couple things.

Keywords: 1184, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• The bill would provide an additional $85 million in the first year and $230,000...
• And I think the way to look at it is the first...
• Honestly, when I first heard the talking points, the glowing talking points and the...
• Frankly, though, the first year being only 42%, I thought that was interesting too.
• Hudson High School: the graduating class this year compared to the student counts in first grade and

Keywords: 970, all

Transcript Highlights:

• First question is on the amendment by Ways and Means.
• To take one example, in my ninth grade English class with Mrs.
• First division. Twenty.
• First division: 25. Sufficient number having risen.
• First division: nine. Second division: eighteen.

Keywords: 995, all

Summary: The House began with routine ceremonial business, including the Pledge of Allegiance, adoption of several congratulatory resolutions, and suspension of Joint Rule 12 to send two petitions to committee. It then took up a supplemental fiscal year 2026 appropriations bill (H. 5393 / H. 5493), which Ways and Means reported at about $227.3 million for items including snow and ice costs, no-cost calls, substance use services, homeless programs, and technical changes related to lottery revenue and other outside sections. The bill was advanced through second and third reading and later passed to be engrossed after a roll call vote. The chamber also passed to engrossment a land transfer bill for the Town of Marion (H. 5388) and a Bolton alcohol licensing bill (S. 2628, as amended). The House also enacted two local bills: one further regulating special meetings of the Holyoke City Council and one amending the charter of the town of Reading. A major floor debate centered on S. 2726, an act regarding free expression, which was framed by supporters as a response to book challenges and censorship in public and school libraries. Supporters, including Representatives Garballey and Moran, argued the bill would protect librarians, require reporting of book challenges, preserve age-appropriate access to materials, and keep challenged books on shelves during review; opponents raised concerns about parental rights and local control. Several amendments were offered and rejected, including one that would have removed a criminal-law protection for librarians and educators, and another that would have shifted school review authority more directly to elected school committees. Two amendments were adopted: one clarifying that challenged material is considered in its entirety, and another narrowing who may initiate certain complaints to parents or guardians of a student in the school. The bill ultimately passed to be engrossed by a large roll call vote. The House also debated and passed H. 5491 / S. 1646, implementing recommendations of the Walsh Kennedy Commission on hot work safety after the 2014 Beacon Street fire. Supporters said the bill would require certification for hot work, strengthen penalties for repeated or reckless violations, and improve public notification and enforcement to prevent future tragedies; the bill passed to be engrossed unanimously or near-unanimously after roll call. In addition, the chamber advanced a local land transfer for the Yankee Doodle Bike Path in Billerica and a bill concerning ownership and maintenance of culverts and dams in Town Line Brook and Lindenbrook. The session included several recesses, quorum checks, and recognition of guests, including Danvers High School graduates, a former state representative, and WGBH representatives for Public Media Awareness Day.

Transcript Highlights:

• And so we'll talk about our first pairing for the day.
• You can see at the bottom of the first page a graphic of the lean effort.
• So, the first item on here is a very large expenditure.
• So, that's the first item on here.
• The first is $222,000 for our state appropriate Head Start funding.

Keywords: 914, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Senators, I am so pleased for our first resolution today.
• For the first time in my 8 years in the Senate, I have a doctor of the day.
• The first is Dr. Patsy Blackshear.
• The first is Dr. that are here with us. The first is Dr. Patsy<00:08:48.440><c> Blackshear.
• 09:39.000><c> woman</c><00:09:39.440><c> to</c> was the first African-American woman to was the first

Keywords: Senate streaming session for Wednesday, March 25, 2026, 960, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• First up is House File 1621.
• First of all, I'll talk about potassium.
• First, the **Turnstate**. OK, sorry. I apologize for that.
• I have a question on that 50% of the first $20,000.
• First, why agriculture?

Transcript Highlights:

• The first item is 18. $1.8 million, mostly for FTEs and salaries. So item A is.
• First two technical adjustments and item one except for a subpart H. Okay.
• The first item is to fill a vacant accountant position.
• Item 5 is the first non-grade item.
• Jordan, are you first?

Keywords: 1184, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• And it provides that first, second, and third violations of the prohibition on employing unauthorized
• So what I'm looking at, though, is I believe the first thing that happens, is it a warning with your
• Yes, the first. That's what I'm trying to figure out. Yes. I mean, so it's happened.
• Yes, the first. That's what I'm trying to figure out. thing that happens.
• Yes, the first. That's what I'm trying to figure out. Yes. I mean, so it's happened.

Keywords: 994, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Senators, we're going to take up tab 5 first.
• It was really scary at first, as you can imagine.
• I ran, not the fastest, not first place, but I finished.
• For the first time, I felt included instead of different.
• My grades improved. My friendships grew.

Summary: The Appropriations Committee on Health and Human Services met with a quorum present and took up several health-related bills. CS/SB 1110, covering Medicaid and insurance coverage for medically necessary orthotics and prosthetics, including activity-specific devices without lifetime or continuous-use caps, received emotional testimony from families and athletes describing high costs and the importance of access for children and adults with disabilities. Members voiced strong support, and the bill was reported favorably. The committee also heard SB 1574, which would add biliary atresia screening to the newborn screening program using the existing birth blood specimen. The sponsor and a parent testified that earlier detection could prevent severe liver damage, transplants, and deaths, and the bill was reported favorably. CS/SB 794, dealing with background screening for employees at residential facilities and day training programs for people with developmental disabilities and a review of waiver support coordination, was amended to align with the House companion and then reported favorably after testimony emphasizing the importance of strong support coordinators for APD waiver families. Members then considered SB 162, requiring hospitals and ambulatory surgical centers to adopt policies for smoke evacuation systems during procedures that generate surgical smoke. Nurses and other supporters described surgical smoke as a serious occupational hazard, while the Florida Hospital Association said hospitals are already regulated in this area and the bill was somewhat prescriptive; an amendment was adopted and the bill was reported favorably. CS/SB 254, which tightens oversight of nursing education programs, adds preceptorship and provisional licensure pathways for graduates awaiting NCLEX results, and increases transparency and accountability for low-performing programs, drew support from nursing advocates and opposition from private nursing schools concerned about workforce impacts; after amendment, it was reported favorably. Finally, SB 688 to reestablish licensure and regulation of naturopathic doctors in Florida was heard with testimony both supporting expanded health care choices and opposing the bill over safety and scope concerns, and it too was reported favorably. The committee then adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• I serve as vice president of operations for Wind say of Florida's first coast.
• 3 months the first year.
• But first who is an opponent wishes to appear in person. Thank you for being here.
• My name is Dr to keep our first.
• First thing I want to do is thank Representative Chaney. She has burdened this issue.