Transcript Highlights:

• It includes the absentee votes there.
• Seems like a simple vote—a vote yes. Representative Hanson.
• Green votes aye. Hussain. Hussain votes aye. McDonald. McDonald votes no.
• Senator votes aye. Green? Aye. Hussain. Hussain votes aye. Hussain votes aye. McDonald.
• Green votes aye. Yes. Hussain. Yes. Hussain votes aye. McDonald. McDonald votes aye.

Transcript Highlights:

• This required a vote by every member school. A vote that I am happy to say had a positive result.
• required a vote by every member school.<00:55:08.720> A<00:55:08.960> vote<00:55:09.119
• A vote that I am happy to say school.
• I think my question is just about early voting.
• The issue of absenteeism learning.

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• health can lead to increased absenteeism health can lead to increased absenteeism a<00:01:28.920
• <00:01:34.280> lower AB academic um or um absenteeism lower AB academic um or um absenteeism
• Another serious but often misunderstood impact of this crisis is chronic absenteeism.
• know we don't even have an absentee know we don't even have an absentee problem<00:45:40.800>
• Absenteeism has increased.

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• > you absenteeism um you absenteeism um you know<01:22:44.120> we<01:22:44.800> understand
• He also said that around absenteeism, there are important conversations occurring right now.
• He said some of these are cross-cutting, like absenteeism work.
• He said the nature of positions, especially when talking about something like absenteeism, means many
• He said some of these are cross-cutting, like absenteeism work.

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• By your vote, this bill is reported favorably. Congratulations.
• By your vote, this bill is reported favorably. Congratulations.
• By your vote, this bill is reported favorably. Congratulations.
• Vote no, please. Thank you, Representative Nixon.
• By your vote, this passes favorably. Okay, we made it.

Summary: The Education Administration Subcommittee heard and advanced a series of education bills focused on transparency, accountability, attendance, school start times, student well-being, and career planning. HB 1321, by Rep. Salsman, would remove public-records and public-meeting exemptions for university presidential searches, eliminate the Board of Governors from those searches, require Board of Governors members to file full financial disclosures and be Florida residents, and expand syllabus posting requirements; it passed 15-0. HB 1079, by Rep. Botana, as amended, broadened eligibility for dropout retrieval programs to include students who withdrew and did not reengage in education, and it also passed 15-0 after a strike-all amendment and supportive testimony from a program provider. The committee also approved PCS for HB 969, by Rep. Kassel, which shifts evaluation of school mental health services to the Department of Children and Families and requires more detailed outcome data, surveys, and reporting related to the Mental Health Assistance Allocation program; it passed 15-0. HB 1367, by Rep. Booth, creates a statewide attendance policy with uniform definitions and reporting requirements to address chronic absenteeism; it passed 15-1 after support from business and education groups and some concern about state control over district policy. PCS for HB 261, by Rep. Gerwig, revises the 2023 middle and high school start-time law by allowing districts to document compliance efforts and unintended consequences rather than fully meet the mandated later start times; it passed 16-0. The most debated bill was HB 1483, by Rep. Valdez, which would align Florida’s school grading scale with the familiar 90/80/70/60 letter-grade standard over a five-year transition and require school grades to appear on student report cards. Supporters argued the current scale is misleading and too lenient, while opponents warned it would sharply increase failing school labels, create costs and turnaround mandates, and confuse parents and students. Despite extensive testimony from school board members, teachers, students, and advocacy groups on both sides, the bill passed 12-4. The committee then quickly approved HB 1245, a one-year Hunger-Free Campus Pilot Program for three universities with the highest share of Pell-eligible students, and HB 571, which expands career planning, paid work experience, and credit-transfer review for students; both passed unanimously.

Transcript Highlights:

• Those voting yes 17. Those voting no 13. And the Senate has passed S324. "Senator from Washington."
• Those voting yes: 6. Those voting no: 24. And the amendment has failed.
• vote out of appropriations. vote out of appropriations.
• That's what you're voting no on.
• That's what you're voting no on.

Keywords: 927, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• No matter what you're a Democratic or Republican We vote for you. We vote for you to defend us.
• The right to vote. Those individuals that have come in have had rights to vote.
• Did we have the opportunity to vote early? Did we have an opportunity to vote somewhere else?
• But absentee rates, we can't control those.
• Absenteeism. It's great. I mean, we have kids coming and going all the time, and it's absenteeism.

Transcript Highlights:

• As I go on, there is a requirement of a simple majority to vote.
• vote is required.
• And it was a very close vote.
• You won't get my vote today, but I think if you want my vote, and I don't know that you want it, but
• I want to ask you one question just before I vote.

Transcript Highlights:

• So my question is about chronic absenteeism.
• I will be voting for you on the floor or even here in committee.
• So with that, if I can have a roll call vote. Senator Senator Bergman. Yes.
• Senator Townsend to explain his vote. Yes, I'm Chair. Thank you.
• Vote: Senator Bergman's yes. Senator Block is excused. Senator Brantley: Yes.

Transcript Highlights:

• Those opposed will vote no. The clerk will please call the roll.
• If you're in favor please vote aye. If you're opposed please vote no.
• If you're in favor please vote aye. If you're opposed please vote no.
• If you're in favor please vote aye. If you're opposed please vote no.
• Chair: At this time, if you're in favor please vote aye. If you're opposed please vote no.

Keywords: 1184, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• So, can we have a vote then on the 2084S amendment? There are no yays. The House is down.
• So you're voting against any of the amendments. You vote against the Senate version.
• So that you're voting against the >> Okay.
• You vote against any of the amendments.
• You vote against the<00:35:57.839> Senate<00:35:58.079> version.

Keywords: 1191, senate, all

Summary: The Committee of Conference on Senate Bill 578 met to reconcile differences in a bill concerning recess times for children and related early learning provisions. The Senate sponsor described two compromise amendments, both based on the Senate version, that would restore play-based learning through third grade and replace guided reading with interactive shared reading; the only difference between the two was whether recess would extend through fifth grade or eighth grade. The sponsor argued the changes were supported by studies, existing state investment in play-based learning, and examples from schools using recess to improve attendance and behavior. House members opposed the amendments, saying they were concerned about creating an expensive or unfunded mandate and about limiting local control over curriculum decisions. One House member said the state lacked enough fiscal support and implementation time for districts, and another said the proposal should perhaps be studied further before expanding it beyond kindergarten. Supporters countered that the state had already invested in training, that the proposal was a teaching method rather than a new curriculum, and that play-based learning and recess improve mental health, classroom behavior, and student engagement. The committee voted on the 2084S amendment, and it failed on a divided vote. After further discussion, the House reiterated that it would stick with its position and oppose the Senate amendments. The chair then stated that the committee was at an impasse and that the bill was effectively dead, with no further action taken.

Transcript Highlights:

• <00:21:59.200> uh their calendar so you can vote uh their calendar so you can vote uh absentee
• Can't absentee when you have a chance.
• You can go by, vote early in this state.
• So, make sure you do go by and vote.
• >> Please<00:22:07.520> vote.

Keywords: MS Senate Floor - 16 February, 2026; 4:00 PM, 925, all

Summary: The Senate convened with quorum calls, an invocation by Dr. Jeff Parker of Southside Baptist Church in Jackson, and the pledge of allegiance led by the sergeant-at-arms. Dr. Parker offered a prayer for the members, their families, and the state, and the chamber welcomed several guests, including members of Jack and Jill of America, Dr. Gloria Graham as doctor of the day, and Pastor Parker’s wife, Sheila Parker. On the calendar, the Senate first disposed of several procedural items by tabling motions to reconsider on Senate Bill 2441, which concerns limited medical licenses, and Senate Bill 2454, which revises Medical Licensure Board provisions, including licensure status, definitions, procedures, fines, and temporary practice authority. During discussion of SB 2454, Senator McClendon asked about the board’s composition, and Senator Brian explained that the bill would allow three lay members on the board while keeping doctors in the majority, noting that this was a recommendation from the board itself. The Senate also took up an out-of-order resolution honoring Mississippi members of the Seattle Seahawks NFL Super Bowl 60 champions. The remainder of the meeting consisted largely of announcements. Senators announced upcoming receptions and committee meetings, including Judiciary A, Rules, and Highways and Transportation, and several members asked that the Senate adjourn in memory of deceased relatives and community members. Senator England reminded members of the March 10 primary elections and encouraged voting. The Senate then adopted a motion to stand in recess until 5:00 p.m., with the journal to reflect adjournment until 10:00 a.m. the following morning.

Transcript Highlights:

• Members, vote to the machine. Thomas, members either voting, members either voting.
• House Bill 1057 by Senator Walters, absentee by mail voting, provides relative to applying to vote absentee
• House Bill 1057 by Senator Walters, absentee by mail voting.
• Provide relatives to applying to vote, absentee by mail, provides for applications.
• Members, vote to the machine. Vote, machine, members. Vote to machine. Voting machines. Votes.

Bills: HR257, HR258, HR259, HR260, HR261, HR262, HR263, HCR105, HCR106, HR252, HR253, HR254, HR255, HR256, HCR103, HCR104, SB83, SB143, SB155, SB228, SB283, SB295, SB338, SB388, SB408, SB431, HR84, HR188, HR205, HB302, HB597, HB819, HB1257, HB1258, SCR24, SB45, SB58, SB71, SB81, SB92, SB100, SB109, SB141, SB156, SB181, SB203, SB204, SB205, SB207, SB213, SB214, SB216, SB229, SB257, SB274, SB290, SB304, SB374, SB379, SB396, SB410, SB425, SB427, SB429, SB479, SB522, SB357, SB406, HR171, HCR49, HCR65, HCR72, HR37, HCR64, HR170, HR191, HR206, HR207, HR208, HR217, HCR11, HCR53, HCR60, HCR66, HCR68, HR9, HCR27, HCR28, HCR50, HCR62, HCR67, HCR71, HCR78, HCR81, SCR19, SCR3, SCR6, SCR18, SCR11, SCR22, SCR2, SCR20, HCR6, HB64, HB68, HB92, HB130, HB258, HB633, HB801, HB61, HB98, HB102, HB139, HB142, HB170, HB185, HB194, HB199, HB231, HB247, HB294, HB336, HB474, HB661, HB842, HB852, HB301, HB359, HB657, HB675, HB680, HB727, HB79, HB251, HB625, HB769, HB775, HB783, HB895, HB1011, HB1057, HB1155, HB1186, HB1224, HB1245, HB1247, HB1253, HB1254, HB1255, HB1256, SB41, SB44, SB64, SB84, SB87, SB93, SB98, SB107, SB118, SB142, SB192, SB195, SB199, SB219, SB222, SB234, SB241, SB255, SB275, SB277, SB292, SB294, SB306, SB314, SB482, SB8, SB10, SB11, SB12, SB13, SB14, SB16, SB17, SB18, SB20, SB21, SB22, SB40, SB48, SB55, SB69, SB75, SB77, SB78, SB85, SB102, SB115, SB133, SB140, SB148, SB151, SB165, SB169, SB170, SB185, SB197, SB200, SB217, SB235, SB278, SB280, SB291, SB300, SB303, SB315, SB324, SB330, SB411, SB416, SB420, SB436, SB438, SB449, SB455, SB456, SB477, SB489, SB521, HB646, HB824, HB341, HB682, HB766, HB926, HB998, HB1051, HB1080, HB1201, HB1223, HB603, HB940, HB1191, SB47, HB901, HR20, HR74, HB284, HB306, HB366, HB393, HB458, HB577, HB582, HB605, HB614, HB733, HB752, HB773, HB798, HB911, HB955, HB996, HB1035, HB1069, HB1113, HB1140, HB1180, HB1240, SB82, SB89, SB149, SB382

Keywords: condolences, memorial resolution, House Resolution, Shreveport, children, tragedy, sympathy, bereavement, tribute, mourning, schoolchildren, public charter school, elementary school, Head Start, family loss, Louisiana House of Representatives, condolence resolution, House resolution, victims, family support

Transcript Highlights:

• Because we already had people who were casting their votes via absentee. Is that right?
• Some people were able to cast their votes via absentee, yes.
• But those absentee votes will be voided. Okay, but still the fact of the matter is that we had...
• If a voter submitted their absentee ballot and it was received, that would have been a cast vote.
• If a voter submitted their absentee ballot and it was received, that would have been a casted vote.

Bills: HR275, HR276, HR277, HR278, HR279, HR280, HR281, HR282, HR283, HR284, HCR112, HCR113, HR265, HR266, HR267, HR268, HR269, HR270, HR271, HR272, HR273, HCR107, HCR108, HCR109, HCR110, HCR111, SCR63, SCR66, SCR67, SB414, SB484, SB513, HR168, HR174, HR194, HR216, HR264, HCR54, HCR74, HCR79, HCR85, HCR87, HCR94, HCR95, HCR97, HCR98, HCR104, SCR23, SCR29, SCR33, SCR38, HB75, HB705, SB54, SB56, SB72, SB79, SB97, SB105, SB123, SB125, SB129, SB163, SB171, SB252, SB287, SB375, SB386, SB461, SB466, HR84, HR188, HR205, HR3, HR197, HR243, SCR19, SCR3, SCR6, SCR18, SCR11, SCR22, SCR2, SCR20, SCR24, SCR35, HCR6, HB301, HB359, HB657, HB675, HB680, HB727, HB39, HB58, HB112, HB134, HB155, HB187, HB287, HB462, HB782, HB825, HB846, HB903, HB904, HB929, HB941, HB962, HB1200, HB4, HB623, HB944, HB986, HB1098, HB1222, SB45, SB58, SB71, SB81, SB92, SB100, SB109, SB141, SB156, SB181, SB203, SB204, SB205, SB207, SB213, SB214, SB216, SB229, SB257, SB274, SB290, SB304, SB374, SB379, SB396, SB410, SB425, SB427, SB429, SB479, SB522, SB34, SB164, SB172, SB198, SB208, SB232, SB281, SB286, SB317, SB322, SB334, SB380, SB385, SB409, SB417, SB421, SB430, SB439, SB447, SB458, SB510, HB842, HB633, HB1191, HB625, HB1255, HB251, HB582, HB646, HB819, HB998, HB1257, SB197, SB436, SB78, HB901, HR20, HR74, HCR65, HCR71, HB284, HB302, HB306, HB341, HB366, HB393, HB458, HB577, HB603, HB605, HB614, HB733, HB752, HB773, HB798, HB911, HB955, HB996, HB1035, HB1069, HB1113, HB1140, HB1180, HB1240, SB82, SB89, HB258, SB149, SB382, SB441

Keywords: highway maintenance, signage, transportation safety, DOTD, infrastructure, public safety, federal grants, job creation, carbon storage, carbon dioxide storage, carbon capture and storage, CCS, mineral rights, mineral owners, oil and gas, disposal wells, injection wells, advanced drilling, carbon sequestration, Louisiana energy policy

Summary: The House met with a quorum and began with prayer, the Pledge of Allegiance, and several personal privileges recognizing National Police Week, fallen law enforcement officers, a young Olympic weightlifter, a community sports agent, a deceased coach, Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity Day, the Louisiana Cattlemen’s Association, aviation professionals, and a birthday tribute. The chamber also received Senate messages, committee reports, and a long series of resolutions and bills, many of which were adopted or concurred in without objection. Several measures were returned to the calendar, while others were advanced with technical or clarifying amendments. A major portion of the meeting focused on resolutions honoring or commemorating people and groups, including National Police Week, Barron Baker, Paul T. Derezel II, Coach Emilio Tese, Alpha Phi Alpha, Louisiana Realtors Day, Special Olympics Louisiana, and various memorial highway designations. The House also adopted or concurred in resolutions on topics such as DOTD signage, shrimp procurement, geothermal energy, opioid settlement reporting, hospital design standards, Medicaid redetermination flexibility, chronic wasting disease management, remote online notarization, and a task force on intestate succession. Testimony on these items was generally supportive and brief, with sponsors explaining that most were technical, commemorative, or requests for study. The chamber also took up several substantive bills and Senate amendments. Among the measures concurred in were bills on peace officer citizenship requirements, post-conviction bail limits, portable benefits for independent contractors, workforce development, construction debris burning, license plate coverings, insurance and captive insurers, oil field indemnification, and rural infrastructure financing. One notable bill, HB 39 on peace officer citizenship, drew questions about National Guard members and legal permanent residents before the House concurred in the Senate amendments by a 74-22 vote. HB 134 on harmful material and interactive computer services had its Senate amendments rejected, while HB 359 on nonaffiliated candidates was temporarily returned to the calendar. The most extended debate came on the conference committee report for HB 842, which addressed Louisiana election law in response to the federal Callais decision. Members questioned how the report would affect the current congressional election cycle, absentee ballots, qualifying dates, signature requirements, and whether the closed party primary for U.S. House races had been canceled in favor of an open primary in the fall. The sponsor explained that the report cancels the current closed party primary for congressional races, voids ballots cast in that canceled election, returns qualifying fees, lowers petition-signature requirements, and sets new dates for the open primary and runoff. The House suspended the rules to consider the report the same day it was received, and the discussion highlighted concerns about election administration, district maps, and the scope of the changes before the chamber moved forward.

Transcript Highlights:

• . such as absenteeism.
• Data from other states such absenteeism.
• We're voting to um judiciary. Mr. Chair.
• So, I mean, can we vote on that motion and then we'll vote on the other one?
• and then we'll vote on the other one? and then we'll vote on the other one?

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• May is an i Schreiber, you're and I to clear the vote by vote 81.
• Seeing none, please open the vote. May votes. Eaves votes. Clear the vote. 90 vote.
• Saying none, please open the vote. Vice Chair May Sriberi: Declare the vote by a vote of 7 to 0.
• You remember wishing to change their vote. Close the vote.
• You remember wishing to change their vote. Close the vote.

Bills: HB3041, HB4428, HB4429, HB1064, HB3265, HB3721, HB3028, HB3313, HB3588, HB3020

Keywords: credit card transactions, payment methods, service charge, consumer rights, financial regulation, public finance, pension, pension fund, retirement system, board of trustees, proxy voting, proxy proposal, shareholder vote, shareholder activism, fiduciary duty, pecuniary factors, nonpecuniary factors, ESG, environmental social governance, social goals

Transcript Highlights:

• I vote yes. Senator Rogers. I'll explain my vote. I think... I'll explain my vote.
• Vote centers: The bill eliminates vote centers and forces precinct-only voting.
• Your vote is?” “My vote is no. Thank you. May I explain my vote, Madam Chair?”
• Your vote is? My vote is no. Thank you. May I explain my vote, Madam Chair?
• Six ayes, one no, zero not voting. By our vote of six ayes, one no, zero not voting...

Bills: SB1015, SB1049, SB1066, SB1081, SB1092, SB1133, SB1134, SB1139, SB1147, SB1148, SB1168, SB1189, SCR1001, SCR1002, SCR1005, SCR1010

Keywords: gender transition, detransition, healthcare liability, medical malpractice, youth protection, legal action, Arizona law, spousal maintenance, court guidelines, self-sufficiency, financial support, marriage dissolution, child safety, dependency cases, attorney regulation, foster care, legal representation, probation, dangerous crimes, children

Summary: The Senate Judiciary and Elections Committee heard several bills and took action on multiple measures. SB 1066 would create civil liability for knowingly or recklessly publishing fraudulent scientific research, allowing the Attorney General, county attorneys, and injured parties to sue; the sponsor and supporters argued it would deter research fraud and protect the public, while opponents warned it would chill research and speech. After debate over peer review, fraud standards, and the bill’s scope, the committee voted 4-3 to give SB 1066 a do-pass recommendation. SB 1015 would impose strict personal liability on providers who perform gender transition procedures on minors, including liability for later detransition costs and injuries; supporters framed it as accountability for irreversible treatment on children, while opponents called it discriminatory and likely to function as a backdoor ban. After testimony from the sponsor, medical professionals, detransitioners, and civil liberties advocates, the committee also passed SB 1015 on a 4-3 vote. The committee then considered SB 1049, which would limit spousal maintenance awards to four years and change the factors courts use in setting support. The sponsor said the bill was intended to curb long-term maintenance and align support with self-sufficiency, while judicial and family-law witnesses explained the existing guideline system, the 2022-2025 court study, and concerns that a hard cap could ignore case-specific circumstances such as disability or housing instability. The committee adopted an amendment setting the duration cap at four years and approved the bill as amended by a 4-2 vote. SB 1189, allowing campaign funds to be used for personal security for candidates and family members, passed unanimously after supporters cited threats against public officials and personal experiences with harassment. The committee also passed SB 1081, which would prevent a Department of Child Safety attorney from appearing before a judge they had appeared before in the prior five DCS cases; the sponsor said it was meant to reduce familiarity between attorneys and judges, while opponents raised concerns about rural court access and arbitrary limits. SB 1133, which would eliminate the need for a candidate to file a second financial disclosure statement if one had already been filed that year, was amended to add an emergency clause and passed unanimously. The committee then moved to SCR 1001, a referral measure to end early voting at 7 p.m. on the Friday before the general election and require affirmative request for a mail ballot by voters who have provided proof of citizenship; the transcript cuts off as that measure was being introduced.

Transcript Highlights:

• near Austin, and a bit of history is in order on how taxpayers got shafted and why no lawmaker should vote
• Please recall that Texans did not have a chance to vote on this project.
• As such, I respectfully request that the members of this committee vote against this bill.
• I have at times voted in favor of CDAs in the House.
• Connect, they understood that they were going to be voting for coverage, not high-capacity transit.

Bills: HJR58, HJR63, HB263, HB542, HB905, HB 1288, HB1402, HB2003, HB2262, HB2323, HB2429, HB2876, HB3019, HB263

Keywords: healthcare, insurance, elderly, retirement, benefits, transit-oriented projects, constitutional amendment, state highway fund, funding allocation, voter approval, highway fund, funding, public transportation, transit projects, transportation, local transit, fund allocation, voting rights, election integrity, ballot access

Bills: HF201, HF217, HF314, HF315, HF406, HF408, HF425, HF426, HF730, HF731, HF652, HF761, HF1079, HF928, HF1017, HF1056, HF1081

Keywords: HF201, Minnesota income tax, tax subtraction, tax deduction, volunteer firefighter, volunteer fire and rescue, emergency responder, ambulance service personnel, EMR, EMS, search and rescue, canine search and rescue, underwater search and rescue, paid-on-call, part-time volunteer, tax relief, state tax law, section 290.0132, drivers license, identification card

Transcript Highlights:

• And how that vote actually worked is that we voted from our community, so our vote was counted from where
• to voting access.
• absentee ballots because after the Valleca case in Concord, they said that prisoners needed to vote
• “Yes, in terms of how to vote.” “How I voted? It was really easy.
• Nothing that says that I was a convict voting. It just was an absentee ballot that was sent to me.

Keywords: 995, all

Summary: The committee heard extensive testimony on S. 7 and H. 63, proposed constitutional amendments to restore voting rights to people incarcerated for felony convictions. Sponsors Rep. Erica Iderhoven and Sen. Liz Miranda argued that Massachusetts should reverse the 2000 disenfranchisement change, describing it as a recent and racially discriminatory policy that excludes thousands of residents—disproportionately Black and Latino—from civic participation. They said the amendment would put the question before voters, likely in 2028, and noted that implementation details such as domicile and where incarcerated people would register to vote would be handled separately through legislation and existing jail-based voting work. A large number of incarcerated and formerly incarcerated people testified in support, many speaking remotely from MCI Norfolk, MCI Shirley, and MCI Framingham. They said voting would affirm dignity, accountability, rehabilitation, and connection to community, and several described civic education programs inside the facilities that had helped them engage with public policy. Witnesses repeatedly characterized disenfranchisement as “civil death,” linked it to racial injustice and the legacy of slavery, and urged the committee to advance the bills favorably. A few speakers also addressed practical questions about voting location and domicile, with sponsors saying those issues are not specified in the constitutional amendment and would be worked out later. Committee members asked several questions, including whether incarcerated people would vote in the community where they were incarcerated or where they previously lived, and whether future legislation could include carve-outs based on offense type or time served. Testifiers and sponsors generally said the amendment itself does not decide those implementation questions, and some said they would oppose carve-outs. One member raised a broader moral objection about allowing people convicted of serious crimes to vote; supporters responded that punishment should not erase democratic rights and that voting can support rehabilitation and reentry. No vote or final committee action was taken during the transcript provided. The hearing also briefly included testimony on a separate matter, S. 521, a proposed ratification of the federal Child Labor Amendment. Witnesses supporting that measure warned against renewed child labor rollbacks in other states and argued Massachusetts should reaffirm protections for children and education. That portion of the hearing was separate from the voting-rights discussion.