Video & Transcript Research : 'shared parenting'

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FL

Florida 2025 Regular Session

Senate in Session Mar 19th, 2025

Florida Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • These are leaders who come here not just to help celebrate the Red Mass, but also to share with us the
  • I share your concern. We don't want local actors, public officials creating frivolous ordinances.
  • I know that is something you find frustrating; that is not the way in which rules are shared with the
  • That we share, and truly our next-door neighbors in the other counties still live in rural communities
  • The kids would do the cleaning and the parents are the owners of these hotels.
Bills: SCR5, SCR13, SB3, SB6, SB10, SB12, SB13, SB15, SB17, SB18, SB19, SB24, SB35, SB57, SB65, SB112, SB284, SB290, SB388, SB400, SB402, SB412, SB495, SB499, SB502, SB509, SB621, SB706, SB740, SB815, SB842, SB854, SB875, SB893, SB917, SB974, SB1025, SB1061, SB1073, SB1106, SB1268, SB1281, SB1300, SB1362, SB1379, SB1447, SB1451, SB1555, SB1902, SJR36, SJR12, SCR13, SCR25, SCR5, SCR22, SCR12, SCR24, SB495, SB412, SB10, SB18, SB565, SB372, SB842, SB765, SB62, SB19, SB666, SB707, SB888, SB687, SB706, SB847, SB290, SB13, SB1248, SB740, SB14, SB1006, SB504, SB917, SB925, SB388, SB1902, SB1121, SB995, SB857, SB305, SB296, SB284, SB35, SB6, SB815, SB3, SB1281, SB1379, SB1300, SB1497, SB1499, SB1498, SB1451, SB1061, SB15, SB65, SB241, SB304, SB402, SB499, SB621, SB974, SB1023, SB1024, SB1025, SB1106, SB686, SB112, SB371, SB204, SB400, SB609, SB1447, SB670, SB502, SB427, SB850, SB854, SB413, SB1555, SB1362, SB1346, SB1033, SB1220, SB1073, SB810, SB987, SB1539, SB893, SB447, SB875, SB406, SB509, SB985, SB965, SB17, SB1119, SB1505, SB12, SB24, SB57, SB1194, SB1253, SB1215, SB1532, SB1268, SB1302, SB856, SB650, SB583, SB673, SB840, SJR57, SCR8, SB213, SB681, SB1172, SB1252, SB378, SB610, SB918, SB1343, SB608, SB487, SB955, SB957, SB988, SB990, SB1019, SB1021, SB1120, SB251, SB958, SB535, SB761, SB1, SB541, SB315, SB379, SB1018, SB1737, SB266, SB1415, SB3, SB6, SB15, SB35, SB290, SB706, SB842, SB917, SB1281, SB1451, SB1902, SB12, SB13, SB17, SB19, SB388, SR261, SR265, SR276, SR277, SR281, SR286, SR293, SCR5, SCR13, SB2425, SB2880, SB10, SB12, SB13, SB17, SB18, SB19, SB388, SB412, SB495, SB2425, SB2880
MN
Transcript Highlights:
  • I was born to the parents of Mr.
  • Vakucha I was born to the parents of Mr.
  • Uh, I do want to share that when I shared my uncle's story last year, he had already passed, but we had
  • Uh, I do want to share that when I shared my uncle's story last year, he had already passed, but we had
  • Uh, I do want to share that when I shared my uncle's story last year, he had already passed, but we had
Keywords: 919, house, all
Summary: The House took up House File 3919, a Veterans Affairs bill to modify benefits for veterans of the Secret War in Laos and to codify recommendations from an SGU task force created in the prior session. Representative Cha, the bill’s author, explained that the measure was the product of eight task force meetings and consultation with the Minnesota Department of Veterans Affairs, and he described the bill as a way to recognize SGU veterans, including Hmong, Lao, and other indigenous groups who served in Laos. He and several members spoke at length about the sacrifices of SGU veterans and the Hmong refugee experience, emphasizing that the bill was both a policy change and an overdue act of recognition. Multiple members rose in support. Representative Duran said he initially had concerns but changed his view after conversations with Cha and said he was not offended by the bill as a combat veteran. Representatives Lee, Vang, Gander, McDonald, Frasier, and others praised the veterans’ service, noted the large Hmong population in Minnesota, and said the bill was long overdue. Representative Lee K. offered a more cautious note, saying the bill was the result of a difficult compromise and expressing concern that the licensing distinction for these veterans was different from other veterans, though he still supported the measure. Representative Jean J. clarified that veterans naturalized under the federal Hmong Veterans Naturalization Act already have access to state programs, while this bill was aimed at SGU veterans who were not naturalized under that act. After discussion, the House proceeded to a roll-call vote. The bill passed unanimously, 132 ayes and 0 nays, and its title was agreed to.
CA
Transcript Highlights:
  • Throughout the process, LEAs have shared a variety of reasons for the delays.
  • Based face-to-face services, many youth, many parents and caregivers don't know how to do that.
  • I'll share a couple of examples if I can.
  • But let me know if I can share more about that.
  • This interest was shared at the February Commission meeting.
Keywords: 988, house, all
MA

Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session

Joint Committee on Children, Families and Persons with Disabilities Jun 21st, 2026 at 01:00 pm

Joint Committee on Children, Families and Persons with Disabilities

Transcript Highlights:
  • Support. is going to show up and be there for that youth, for that parent, for that family.
  • My son Jake, as Joan has shared, is 31.
  • Thank you for sharing Jake with us and your story.
  • She shares: 'I have a spiky profile.
  • And thank you for sharing Austin and Andrew's words as well. Any questions from the committee?
Keywords: 995, all
Summary: The Joint Committee on Children, Families, and Persons with Disabilities held a hearing focused on accessibility-related legislation, with the chairs emphasizing ASL and CART accessibility and asking testifiers to speak slowly and clearly. The committee heard testimony first on H.223/S.130, a bill to establish a livable wage for community-based human service workers by reducing the pay gap with state employees. Providers’ Council, Communities for People, the Key Program, and BAMSI all supported the bill, describing persistent wage disparities, high vacancy and turnover rates, and the impact on continuity of care for children, youth, and families. Witnesses said the bill would help recruitment and retention and stabilize services across the Commonwealth. The committee then heard extensive testimony on H.224/S.160, the ACE Act, which would create a dedicated funding source to improve accessibility in the creative economy. Arts organizations and advocates, including Community Access to the Arts, Abilities Dance Boston, Jacob’s Pillow, the Multicultural Arts Center, Northampton Community Music Center, Mass Creative, Open Door Arts, and Monkey House, described barriers such as inaccessible buildings, lack of ASL interpretation and captioning, inadequate lifts and backstage access, and the high cost of renovations. Testifiers said the bill would help smaller and historic institutions make physical and programmatic improvements and allow people with disabilities to participate as artists, workers, and audiences. The committee also heard testimony on H.4180, which would require DDS to consider neuropsychological evaluations when determining eligibility for intellectual disability services. Parents and advocates argued that IQ cutoffs alone can miss significant functional needs, especially for autistic adults and others with complex developmental profiles, and urged broader access to DDS supports. Additional testimony supported S.101 on closed captioning and telecommunications in public areas, and S.158 on requiring restaurants to have some chairs with arms to better accommodate physically disabled and older patrons. No votes were taken during the hearing, and the chair adjourned after hearing from the scheduled witnesses and noting a few signups that were not present.
NH
Transcript Highlights:
  • <01:59:33.320> the shared model shared model where the shared model shared model where the
  • I will share that just hit your inboxes.
  • It’s a shared risk pool.
  • You may need to pay more in cost sharing.
  • In 2018, it was just 13% of the market share; as of September 2024, it was 35% of the market share.
Keywords: 928, house, all
Summary: The committee first heard testimony on House Bill 437, which would change New Hampshire law on undischarged mortgages by creating a shorter period after which certain old mortgages would be treated as unenforceable. Prime sponsor Representative Bill Boyd said the bill was developed with input from bankers, lawyers, realtors, the Attorney General’s office, and the Banking Department, and he noted a drafting correction needed on line 18. He explained that the proposal would replace current law with a new framework modeled partly on Massachusetts, including a five-year expiration after a stated maturity date and a 35-year period for mortgages without an expiration date. Supporters said the bill would help clear obsolete title defects, reduce costly quiet-title litigation, and make real estate transactions easier for consumers, attorneys, and conveyancers. Representative Mary Hakken-Phillips, Susan Cole of the New Hampshire Association of Realtors, and Michelle Coffin all testified in support, describing the bill as a consumer protection measure. They said undischarged or improperly discharged mortgages often surface during title searches, causing delays, legal expenses, and failed or delayed closings. Coffin and Hakken-Phillips emphasized that many of these cases involve old, effectively obsolete mortgages and that the current process often requires expensive court action even when no one contests the title. Cole described a recent transaction in which a title defect caused a buyer to walk away and later restart the financing process, creating costs for both buyer and seller. A committee member asked about notice to mortgage holders; the response was that the lender bears responsibility for recording and extending the mortgage, and that due process rights would remain if a lender later contested the discharge. Ryan Hill of the New Hampshire Bankers Association said the banking industry had reviewed the bill and was generally comfortable with it, while requesting a delayed effective date so members would have time to adjust their recording practices. He said the bill’s January 1, 2028 effective date reflected that request. After closing the hearing on HB 437, the committee opened a hearing on House Bill 721, the Gold and Silver Legal Tender Act. Representative Juliet Harvey-Bolia introduced it as a bipartisan economic justice bill intended to recognize gold and silver as legal tender, protect against inflation, and address concerns about trust, taxes, and government taking. She argued that gold is a stable store of value and discussed tax treatment in neighboring states, federal history, and digital gold platforms. The hearing on HB 721 was still in progress when the transcript ended, with the chair limiting questions because of time.
MA

Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session

Joint Committee on the Judiciary Jun 21st, 2026 at 01:00 pm

Joint Committee on the Judiciary

Transcript Highlights:
  • Seeing none, thank you again for sharing the story.
  • Thank you for allowing me to share. Thank you for allowing me to share. Thank you. Thank you.
  • She shared an experience that she had.
  • She shared an experience that she had.
  • She shared an experience that she had.
Keywords: 995, all
Summary: The Judiciary Committee heard testimony on a wide range of criminal justice, victim services, and records-sealing bills. Early testimony focused on H.1811, the Clean Slate automated record-sealing bill, with supporters arguing that automatic sealing after existing waiting periods would remove barriers to jobs, housing, and education without changing eligibility rules. Advocates from legal aid, business, and housing organizations said the current petition-based system is underused, burdensome, and costly, while opponents of expanding surveillance-related laws urged the committee to preserve privacy protections. The committee also heard testimony on H.1693, which would immediately seal records in cases ending without conviction and clarify the presumption of innocence, with speakers describing how dismissed cases still create lasting collateral consequences and prevent people from moving forward. No votes were taken during the hearing. Several bills centered on victim safety and domestic violence. Senator Michael Moore testified for S.1201, which would keep child-protective orders in effect even if the parent or guardian who filed them dies, and for S.1204, which would update the wiretap statute. Multiple survivors and advocates supported S.1215 and S.1222, arguing for a narrow wiretap defense for recordings made to document threats or abuse and for making GPS tampering a separate felony offense. Testifiers described situations in which GPS devices were cut off or disabled and said current law leaves victims at risk and gives abusers too much leeway. The committee also heard emotional testimony on H.1685/S.1238, a bill prompted by the suicide of Stavri Yanka in custody, with the sponsor, his mother, and the sheriff describing the need for better information-sharing so suicide-risk information follows a person into custody. Law enforcement and prosecutors supported several due-process and dangerousness-related bills. MassCOP, the Boston Police Patrolmen’s Association, and the State Police Association backed H.1828/S.1039/S.1235, which would require de novo Superior Court review for POST Commission suspensions over two weeks or decertifications, arguing officers need a meaningful appeal beyond administrative review. The committee also heard support for H.1691, expanding the dangerousness statute to additional offenses; Bristol County District Attorney Quinn said the changes would let prosecutors seek detention in serious cases such as child rape and manslaughter when facts warrant it. In contrast, the Committee for Public Counsel Services opposed expanding dangerousness detention, warning that pretrial detention causes serious harms and disproportionately affects Black and Hispanic defendants. The hearing also included testimony on H.1654/S.1063 to enhance victims’ rights and H.1525, which would rename and expand community corrections into community justice programs, with supporters emphasizing reentry, reduced stigma, and broader service access.
KY
Transcript Highlights:
  • Uh, we share that with the Legislative Research Commission.
  • Our parents are always looking for new business opportunities.
  • <00:42:14.160> of corporate guarantees from the parents of corporate guarantees from the parents
  • <00:43:03.920> Our<00:43:04.160> parents<00:43:04.480> are<00:43:04.640>
  • Our parents are always Is that correct?
Summary: The committee received an informational presentation from the Kentucky Department of Education and the School Facilities Construction Commission on school facilities funding. Staff explained the main funding sources used for school construction and renovation, including the mandatory “nickel” property tax levy, growth and equalized growth nickels, the equalized facility funding nickel, the Fort Knox/BRAC-related nickel for Hardin County, and the recallable nickel that districts can adopt locally. They also described the state equalization formula, noting that local construction costs have risen and that state support is formula-driven rather than a dollar-for-dollar match. The SFCC outlined how unmet facility need is calculated through district facility plans, which are developed locally with community, staff, and board input and then reviewed by KDE staff for consistency and reasonableness. The commission said it will update the statewide unmet need report this fall, adopt it in December, and provide the figure to the committee in January 2026. It reported that the statewide unmet facility need was about $7 billion in 2023, with about $951 million in local revenue available, and said its offers of assistance are paid as debt service over eight years. The commission also said the most recent legislative offer of assistance was its smallest since SFCC’s creation in 1985, and requested an additional $60 million for the next biennium. Members asked about how districts use nickel tax levies, who determines facility need, whether the process includes physical inspections, and how bonding capacity affects offers of assistance. Staff said nickel levies are generally adopted with regular tax rates, that facility need is locally developed but reviewed by KDE, and that KDE project managers and district-hired architects review plans on paper rather than through in-person inspections. They also explained that bonding capacity can affect a district’s ability to use or receive assistance. Questions were also raised about federal funds tied to earlier KIX grants and about districts with zero remaining offers of assistance; staff said most grant-funded projects are underway or complete, and that a zero balance means a district has spent its available assistance. No votes or formal actions were taken.
DE

Delaware 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Health & Social Services Committee Meeting Jun 17th, 2026

Health & Social Services

Transcript Highlights:
  • giving their time and their talents, trying to fit this into their regular work day, to be able to share
  • giving their time and their talents, trying to fit this into their regular work day, to be able to share
  • Susan Kennedy Buck continued: "Trying to fit this into the regular workday to be able to share the excitement
  • And we can check with DPH on whether or not parents will be notified if they have an individual who's
  • Foster parents and kinship caregivers are often asked to take in children with little or no notice, creating
Bills: HB359, HB385, HB165
Summary: The Senate Health and Social Services Committee met with a quorum, approved the minutes from the prior two meetings, and briefly acknowledged the tragedy at Christiana Care before moving to legislation. The committee heard House Bill 385, which creates a statewide nurse preceptor grant program to expand clinical training placements for nursing students; testimony from nursing organizations, health care associations, and educators emphasized workforce shortages, the need for preceptor stipends and training, and the bill’s potential to help students complete programs and remain in Delaware. Members asked about eligibility and reporting, and several senators asked to be added as co-sponsors. Public comment was uniformly supportive, and the bill was advanced out of committee. The committee then considered House Bill 424, which repeals Delaware’s Autism Surveillance and Registration Program and requires DHSS to expunge protected health information collected through the registry. The sponsor and DHSS said the registry is no longer used for research or policy development and that repeal would reduce outdated reporting burdens; Autism Delaware, the Delaware Health Care Association, and the State Council for Persons with Disabilities support the change. A committee member raised the question of whether families would be notified before records are expunged, and DHSS said that process was not yet clear and would need further verification. Members discussed the issue, and the bill also moved forward. House Bill 419 was next, making children in foster care automatically eligible for the Purchase of Care child care subsidy and extending the same treatment to certain kinship and safety-plan placements through House Amendment 1. The Children’s Department and advocacy groups said the bill would provide immediate stability for children and caregivers, reduce delays from applications and income verification, and support working foster and kinship families. The committee also heard House Bill 359, which would allow cremation as an option for unclaimed and indigent remains when there is no family objection or next of kin cannot be found, addressing a shortage of burial plots and lowering costs; funeral industry testimony focused on preserving next-of-kin rights. Finally, the committee heard House Bill 475, creating a Delaware Nursing Advancement Fund financed by a $10 surcharge on nursing licenses and disciplinary fines to support workforce data collection and analysis through a nonprofit partner, and House Bill 165, authorizing physician associates, occupational therapists, and APRNs to perform dry needling under training and practice standards set by the Board of Medical Licensure and Discipline. All of the bills received supportive testimony, several members added their names as co-sponsors, and the committee adjourned after moving through the agenda.
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Governmental Organization Committee Jun 9th, 2026

Governmental Organization

Transcript Highlights:
  • Sylvia's parents, Gonzalo and Felicitas Mendez, along with other Mexican-American families, fought back
  • Rather than accept this injustice, her parents, Gonzalo and Felicitas Mendez, joined other families in
  • Rather than accept this injustice, her parents, Gonzalo and Felicitas Mendez, joined other families in
  • This allows them to return from a family weekend trip in Baja with a bottle to share with their family
  • A bottle to share with their family.
Keywords: 987, senate, all
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Assembly Floor Session Apr 30th, 2026

California House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • On his recent visit to the colonies, King Charles III shared both levity and sensibility with Congress
  • Let us take to heart what King Charles shared in closing.
  • , as a cheer dad myself, I know how hard not only the students and the coaches work, but also the parents
  • I have a story to share about Linda Gomez Evans, whose memory we hope to honor today.
  • And it's the least that we can do is say something that I hope that our parents taught us, and that is
Keywords: 988, house, all
TX
Transcript Highlights:
  • You know, the Jacksboro in the Texas, um, one small fact that I did want to share with y'all is his great
  • So small Texas fact that I wanted to share with you today. Thank you.
  • Um So much pride and I can go into great detail, but I just want to share with you, ah.
  • You can imagine as a parent, sorry, you can imagine as a parent.
  • to sit back and think, well, maybe we did something right raising him, kind of validate you as a parent
TX

Texas 89th Regular

89th Legislative Session Mar 19th, 2025

Texas House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • That's the kind of story many people like Melissa share and I tell it today because there's been a lot
  • One thing that I want to share with you all is Mr. Schor is the recipient of an Oregon. transplant.
  • We're joined by their parents.
  • HB 2846 by Shaheen relating to parental rights and public education. prohibiting instruction regarding
  • I'd share 137 by And really proposing a constitutional amendment to be submitted by the voters of Texas
Keywords: 1184, house, all
WY

Wyoming 2026 Regular Session

Senate Education Committee, February 18, 2026

Education

Transcript Highlights:
  • The school boards are not listening to parents.
  • with parents of athletes who<00:48:43.839> share<00:48:44.079> similar<00:48:44.480>
  • They appear to be listening to parents.
  • I'm here as a parent of three swimmers. I am Amy's husband.
  • nice to hear from a wrestling parent. nice to hear from a wrestling parent.
Bills: SF0035, SF0090, SF0072
AZ

Arizona 2026 Regular Session

01/21/2026 - House Appropriations

Appropriations

Transcript Highlights:
  • basin states are not agreeing with the lower basin states, and we have bent over backwards to take our share
  • I'd be happy to answer any questions. ...basin states, and we have bent over backwards to take our share
  • And secondly, as you all know, we made some changes in the parents' paid caregivers program last year
  • And secondly, as you all know, we made some changes in the parents' paid caregivers program last year
  • That would be similar in character to what was adopted for the parents' paid caregivers program.
Bills: HB2053, HB2116, HB2148
MN
Transcript Highlights:
  • I'm here today to speak in support of House File 501, founded by parents of children with intellectual
  • Our state constitution is one of the clearest reflections of our shared values as Minnesotans.
  • The review shared this with NHS England, end quote.
  • The review shared this with NHS England, end quote.
  • makes this concerning the review shared makes this concerning the review shared this<00:10:13.480
Keywords: 1183, house
MA

Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session

Joint Committee on Election Laws Jun 21st, 2026 at 01:00 pm

Joint Committee on Election Laws

Transcript Highlights:
  • Many Concord residents face barriers that prevent them from attending in person: parents who cannot find
  • The idea that voters won’t understand it—I’ve talked to educators and parents, and...
  • RCV ensures everyone, especially those who often feel left out, can share their thoughts.
  • RCV ensures everyone, especially those who often feel left out, can share their thoughts.
  • I had to share my locus of power. If I just gave For them, I had to share my locus of power.
Keywords: 995, all
Summary: The Joint Committee on Election Laws held a public hearing focused primarily on ranked choice voting (RCV) legislation and several local home rule petitions, along with one petition to authorize remote participation in Concord town meetings. Chairs Keenan and Hunt outlined hearing procedures and noted the committee would hear both in-person and virtual testimony. The committee also took testimony on Concord’s request for remote participation in open and special town meetings, with supporters arguing it would make town meeting more accessible to residents with childcare, mobility, work, or disability barriers while preserving direct democracy. A large portion of the hearing centered on RCV local-option bills and municipal petitions from communities including Concord, East Hampton, Salem, Chelsea, Arlington, Revere, Amherst, and others. Supporters—among them local officials, legislators, election advocates, educators, veterans, and nonprofit leaders—said RCV would reduce vote-splitting, encourage more candidates, promote more positive campaigning, improve representation, and increase turnout. East Hampton officials described their existing use of RCV, saying it produced record turnout, was easy for voters to understand with education, and could be expanded to multi-winner races without major added cost. Concord and Amherst witnesses said their voters had already approved local steps toward RCV and urged the committee to let municipalities implement the system without further delay. Testimony in favor of the local-option RCV bill emphasized home rule and local control, with several witnesses arguing the state should not block communities that have already voted to adopt RCV. Speakers from MassVOTE, the AFT Massachusetts, Voter Choice Massachusetts, Progressive Massachusetts, the Boston Teachers Union, and Veterans for All Voters said the reform would strengthen democracy, broaden participation, and save money by avoiding low-turnout preliminary elections. Some witnesses also referenced examples from Cambridge, Maine, and Utah to argue that RCV is workable, nonpartisan, and familiar to voters. The hearing ended with no votes or final committee action taken in the transcript provided.
NH

New Hampshire 2026 Regular Session

Senate Ways and Means (04/01/2026)

Ways and Means

Transcript Highlights:
  • Um, I'll share with the committee an article I sent around.
  • I I share<01:14:13.800> that<01:14:14.160> concern.
  • Obviously, when we share that concern.
  • want to be parents.
  • plenty of parents want to be parents. plenty of parents want to be parents.
Keywords: 1191, senate, all
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Local Government Committee Jun 23rd, 2026

Local Government

Transcript Highlights:
  • My office often receives complaints from parents of youth who are in detention and from animal rights
  • Collin-Parent. You can both come up to the front if you want.
  • My name is Colin Parent and I am the CEO and general counsel of Circulate Planning and Policy, and I
  • Colin Parent and I am the CEO and general counsel of Circulate Planning and Policy, and I served two
  • My parents never owned a home to enter the middle class.
Keywords: 987, senate, all
NM

New Mexico 2026 Regular Session

Senate - Tax, Business and Transportation Feb 14th, 2026 at 04:35 pm

Senate Tax, Business & Transportation

Transcript Highlights:
  • And I'm sure there are many parents around the state and their children who feel the same.
  • I understand that because my district legislative aide also lives with his parents.
  • , although I want to clarify, I love my parents and my grandparents.
  • Just real quick, Senator Chair, sharing asked the question.
  • You know, when I got my first home, I borrowed $30,000 from my parents.
Keywords: 996, all
NM

New Mexico 2025 Regular Session

Senate Chamber Mar 20th, 2025

New Mexico Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Senator Sanchez, Senator Scott, Senator Cedillo Lopez, Senator Share, Senator Schindo, Senator Souls,
  • This is his final day, and I'd just like to have him share a few words, and if we could do that.
  • Here are the tax package breakdowns: the foster parent and guardian tax credit, which recognizes the
  • Parents and guardians. That is up to $3,000 annually. And Mr. President, you did fantastic on that.
  • Yes, it is offered to certified foster parents and also those who are considered guardians And so if