Transcript Highlights:

• Uh, the amendment replaces line 166, and that's on page six, with the following sentence: no more than
• /c> and that's on page six with this and that's on page six with this following<00:10:17.920> sentence
• c> no<00:10:19.360> more<00:10:19.519> than<00:10:19.680> 10% following sentence
• Uh no more than 10% following sentence.

Bills: HB247, HB317, HB318, HB253, HB271, HB135, HB247, HB317, HB318, HB253, HB271, HB135

Keywords: Gulf of America, name change, state compliance, educational materials, local resources, historical reference, age verification, parental consent, consumer protection, app store regulations, data privacy, Internet filters, digital safety, minors protection, civil liability, device manufacturers, obscenity, aircraft tax, aviation tax, sales tax exemption

Transcript Highlights:

• Our prisons are referred to as correctional facilities, and they house our sentenced felons.
• Our prisons are referred to as correctional facilities, and they house our sentenced felons.
• Our prisons are referred to as correctional facilities, and they house our sentenced felons.
• Uniquely in our our sentenced felons.
• sentence and then we can share a report. sentence and then we can share a report.

Keywords: 910, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• systems in place with minimum systems in place with minimum requirements<00:35:37.520> for
• <00:38:28.240> um um the ACGME which shows the minimums um um the ACGME which shows the minimums
• So, this sets minimum standards.
• So, this sets minimum legislation.
• within six months have the minimum within six months have the minimum requirements<00:52:21.440>

Keywords: 928, house, all

Summary: The subcommittee first took up House Bill 525, which would have transferred administration of the program for the deaf and hard of hearing and the related board to OPLC. The chair said the sponsor was no longer interested in moving forward, and Representative Schmidt moved ITL. The motion passed 14-0 with two members absent, and the bill was placed on the consent calendar. The committee then considered Senate Bill 182 on the maternal mortality review committee. The chair described a narrower amendment that would keep the name change, clarify operations so recommendations are returned to the appropriate entities, and expand contact with family members and close contacts, while dropping a proposed addition of a Department of Corrections member. The amendment was adopted unanimously, and the bill was then moved ITL and placed on the consent calendar. Senate Bill 185, dealing with OPLC investigations and backlog reduction, received an update from OPLC General Counsel Nicholas Fry. He described efforts to improve public communication, clear the complaint backlog, standardize intake and expert review, add automated responses and website updates, use weekly legal-viability reviews, create preliminary investigation protocols, and establish a process for law-enforcement referrals. Members asked about board involvement and criminal-conviction cases; Fry said boards are kept informed and that such matters can proceed either through complaints or application/background-check processes. Representative Groa requested a follow-up update in January, and the committee agreed to an oral report then if needed. The bill was then voted ITL unanimously and placed on the consent calendar. Finally, the committee heard House Bill 349 on optometrists performing ophthalmologic laser procedures. Dr. Angelique Sawyer testified in support, saying the amendment adds more specific proctoring and qualification requirements, based on language requested after earlier hearings, and that similar systems exist in other states. Representative Sers confirmed that the new sections were the key additions, while Representative Schmidt said he remained open to the concept but wanted a thorough review and asked about a subcommittee. The discussion was still ongoing when the transcript ended, with no vote recorded on HB 349.

Transcript Highlights:

• Minimum wage needs to be raised so that we can address the cost of living.
• According to WalletHub, we're 41st in education, and the minimum wage is still $7.25 an hour.
• Exhibit A: Maxwell gets moved to minimum security prison in. Brian, Texas. Science has evolved.
• And now that woman was illegally transferred to a minimum security prison in Texas.
• four-year-olds; living wages and benefits for child care workers; living wages for anyone; a $20 minimum

Bills: SB7, SB14, SB 7, SB 14

Keywords: gender designation, civil penalties, private civil rights, multiple-occupancy spaces, Texas Women's Privacy Act, law enforcement, confidentiality, personnel files, employee records, misconduct, abortion, civil liability, abortion-inducing drugs, qui tam actions, Texas Citizens Participation Act, Religious Freedom Restoration Act, healthcare regulations, impact fees, water conservation, reuse projects

Transcript Highlights:

• When you continue to read in that sentence, the amendment caps it at 25 hours.
• I keep it affordable by keeping it at the state minimum, but right now we're barely hanging on.
• I keep it affordable by keeping it at the state minimum, but right now we're barely hanging on.
• I keep it affordable by keeping it at the state minimum, but right now we're barely hanging on.
• I keep it affordable by keeping it at the state minimum, but right now we're barely hanging on.

Keywords: 1191, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• , be sentenced to a lesser amount of time.
• , they know that they will, if sentenced, they know that they will, if sentenced, will<02:36:52.800
• > be<02:36:52.960> sentenced<02:36:53.200> to<02:36:53.359> a<02:36:53.520
• of will be sentenced to a lesser amount of time.<02:36:54.640> And<02:36:54.880> that's
• <02:41:41.200> with<02:41:41.840> uh jail sentence in particularly with uh jail sentence

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• I prosecuted I put together a sex trafficking case ended up resulting largest sentence longest sentence
• I prosecuted I put together a sex trafficking case ended up resulting largest sentence longest sentence
• I prosecuted I put together a sex trafficking case ended up resulting largest sentence longest sentence
• I prosecuted I put together a sex trafficking case ended up resulting largest sentence longest sentence
• longest sentence in largest sentence longest sentence in state<01:42:58.480> history<01:42:59.119

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• What the bill does is increase the sentence if you violate it in the one way and results in great bodily
• <00:20:45.520> guideline concerns from the sentencing guideline concerns from the sentencing
• What the bill does is increase<00:21:45.919> the<00:21:46.159> sentence<00:21:46.720>
• if you violate it increase the sentence if you violate it in<00:21:48.320> the<00:21:48.559><
• Deputy Commissioner Khan explained that restitution is typically set after the initial sentencing.

Bills: HF2358, HF3496, HF3504, HF2169, HF3440

Keywords: public safety, coercion, criminal penalties, law enforcement, victim protection, HF3496, supervision abatement, earned compliance credit, earned compliance credits, conditional release, supervised release, corrections, Minnesota Department of Corrections, restitution, willful nonpayment, probation-like supervision, release supervision, community supervision, lifetime conditional release, early termination of supervision

Transcript Highlights:

• He's now serving a 17-year prison sentence as a result.
• Three of those members of that family served prison sentences as well, and that was prosecuted in San
• He's now serving a 17-year prison sentence as a result.
• We prosecuted this case in the Los Angeles County. prison sentence as a result.
• Because criminal records are a life sentence for survivors.

Summary: The Assembly Standing Committee on Public Safety held an informational hearing in Pomona on sex work-related crimes and efforts to combat human trafficking. The chair and Assembly Member Michelle Rodriguez framed the issue as a major public safety and victim-protection concern, referencing the repeal of the loitering law in SB 357 and the recent enactment of AB 379, which targets buyers of sex rather than sex workers. The hearing was organized into three panels: data and research, policing and anti-trafficking efforts, and courtroom/prosecution impacts. In the first panel, the California Department of Justice presented arrest and conviction data for the repealed loitering statute, noting overall declines from 2019 to 2022 but also explaining that the data did not distinguish clearly between people selling sex, people loitering to sell, and people purchasing sex. USC law professor Hannah Gary summarized a 2021 report finding that law enforcement stings and raids often lack transparency, disproportionately harm Black women, minors, LGBTQ+ people, and undocumented migrants, and rarely achieve the stated goals of protecting victims, prosecuting traffickers, or preventing trafficking. The ACLU of Southern California argued that criminalization of sex work is discriminatory and historically used to police women and people of color, and that laws aimed at buyers still harm sex workers and can increase immigration consequences. Committee members asked about data collection, racial disparities, and whether the new law could worsen profiling; the panelists urged public health approaches, better data, and more survivor services. The second panel featured the California DOJ human trafficking coordinator, Pomona Police Chief Mike Ellis, and survivor advocate Jess Torres of Rising Worldwide. DOJ described its regional trafficking teams, task forces, victim services, and prosecutions, emphasizing a victim-centered and trauma-informed approach. Chief Ellis said SB 357 limited police intervention and contributed to visible open-air prostitution near schools and other sensitive locations, citing complaints from residents and a reported drop in juvenile rescues in Pomona after the law changed; he supported AB 63-style enforcement with safeguards and service referrals. Torres, speaking as a survivor, argued that anti-trafficking policy must be survivor-led, that many youth in the sex trade are boys or LGBTQ youth, and that criminalization and street enforcement often worsen harm and displacement rather than solving the underlying problems. In the final panel, a Riverside County deputy district attorney said AB 63 could help law enforcement make earlier contact with potential victims and identify traffickers, while stressing the need for training, documentation, and oversight. A Los Angeles County public defender argued that prosecuting trafficked people reinforces traffickers’ control, creates lifelong barriers, and retraumatizes survivors, and pointed to diversion programs as a better model. The Coalition to Abolish Slavery and Trafficking began its testimony by describing its survivor services and crisis response work. The hearing ended without any vote or formal action, but with committee members and witnesses continuing to debate the balance between enforcement, data collection, and survivor-centered services.

Transcript Highlights:

• for aggravated DWIs if their sentences for aggravated DWIs if they<06:21:31.520> elect<06:21:
• If a tenant has to find two apartments in 12 months, that's easily an $8,000 minimum between twice having
• 46:01.120> 8,000 in 12 months, that's easily an 8,000 in 12 months, that's easily an 8,000 minimum
• 02.958> twice<06:46:03.360> having<06:46:03.600> to<06:46:03.760> pay minimum
• between twice having to pay minimum between twice having to pay first<06:46:04.400> month's<06

Keywords: 1191, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• thank you all right live let's move to HB 2749 Madam Chair members House Bill 2749 felony conviction sentence
• completion designation is also Members, House Bill 2749, felony conviction, sentence completion, designation
• Madam Chair, members, House Bill 2495, sentencing enhancements vulnerable adults, creates a three-year
• or five-year sentencing enhancement for certain felonies committed against vulnerable adults.
• I voted present in committee, but also, as a general matter, this is also a sentencing enhancement bill

Keywords: 1182, all

Summary: The caucus reviewed a long list of bills and resolutions, with staff giving brief descriptions and members flagging which items were on consent, had unanimous committee votes, or should be pulled for further discussion. Topics included education, health care, public safety, labor, water, taxation, housing, and elections. Several measures were noted as party-line or mixed votes, while many others were reported as unanimous and placed on third-read or consent calendars. Among the more discussed items were bills on school and labor policy, including a proposal to prohibit teacher strikes, a measure restricting school district bond actions, a bill requiring school safety protocols and assigning felony penalties for noncompliance, and a resolution limiting public money for labor organization activities. Members also raised concerns or requested further review on bills involving pharmacist testing authority, expired opioid antagonists, a county sheriff-related measure, a housing affordability district proposal, and a tobacco/vape regulation bill. Some measures were explicitly pulled from consent, including a Medicaid audit resolution, a budget-related pay-withholding resolution, and several education and public safety bills. The caucus also heard multiple health and human services measures, such as genetic counselor licensing, nursing board and pharmacy board continuations, foster care rights, psychiatry access funding, and free school meals. In addition, there were water and energy bills on Colorado River management, groundwater, transmission-line review, and renewable energy valuation, plus election and campaign-related proposals. The meeting ended with announcements, including an upcoming Colorado River breakfast briefing and an internal award recognizing Representative Brian Garcia, followed by adjournment.

Transcript Highlights:

• This bill provides a multiplier for the sentencing because most of the... a multiplier for the sentencing
• public safety bill as it is an animal protection bill, and that is the bill. a multiplier for the sentencing
• is protected, and those who commit capital crimes are severely punished through the alternative sentence
• clarify that for purposes of determining the level of tampering offense, the underlying charge or sentence

Summary: The committee met with a quorum and considered a large agenda of bills, mostly in the criminal justice, courts, civil procedure, and family/consumer protection areas. Early measures included CS/HB 1161 on removing altered sexual depictions posted without consent, HB 403 modernizing LLC law to allow protected series LLCs, CS/HB 97 on service of process in protection proceedings for vulnerable adults, and HB 813 as the state courts package addressing duty judges, arbitrator compensation, and notarization by judges. All of those bills were reported favorably, with HB 403 and HB 813 amended. The committee also heard and advanced CS/HB 947 on evidence of medical damages in personal injury and wrongful death cases, which drew substantial opposition from insurers, business groups, and defense-oriented witnesses, while the sponsor argued it would let juries hear all relevant evidence; it passed 19-3. Members also approved CS/CS/HB 615 allowing electronic delivery of landlord-tenant notices by email, after an amendment requiring opt-in language and written notice to update an email address; tenant advocates still raised concerns about eviction-related notices and receipt verification. HB 663 increased penalties for using tracking devices or apps to commit dangerous crimes and passed unanimously. CS/HB 385 made technical changes to the Florida Trust Code and passed unanimously after a conforming amendment. CS/HB 255, known as Dexter’s Law, increased penalties for aggravated animal cruelty and was supported by law enforcement and animal welfare groups; it passed unanimously. Later in the meeting, the committee approved HB 513 on electronic transmittal of court orders after the sponsor withdrew an amendment that would have changed the deadline from six hours to six business hours, following concerns that the delay could be too long for urgent orders. CS/HB 1099 gave law enforcement discretion in arrests involving individuals with significant medical conditions in facilities and passed unanimously. HB 653 added aggravating factors for capital felonies involving assassinations or attempted assassinations of heads of state; it drew opposition from the Florida Conference of Catholic Bishops and passed 20-2. CS/HB 59 expanded wrongful incarceration compensation by extending the filing deadline, removing the clean-hands bar, and allowing exonerees to choose between civil suit and the state claims process; it passed unanimously. PCS/HB 777 increased penalties for in-person luring or enticing of children and barred certain age-based defenses, passing unanimously. Finally, CS/HB 437 increased penalties for tampering with electronic monitoring devices; two amendments softened the bill by clarifying juvenile treatment and giving judges limited discretion to avoid automatic revocation of pretrial release, and the bill passed 21-1 before the meeting adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• And what we we'd like to do is, instead of at the end of the sentence where it says, but not both, you
• when you have multiple. offenses that a person is convicted of, but it's all in one trial, those sentences
• So you can get a 10-year sentence. year, a five-year, and an eight-year sentence, but they all run at
• Y'all have allowed, in certain circumstances, judges that. discretion to stack one sentence on top of

Bills: SB20, SB1621, SB412, SB441, SB442

Keywords: child protection, sexual offenses, visual material, artificial intelligence, criminal penalties, law enforcement, defense against prosecution, obscenity, judicial officer, deepfake, deep fake, synthetic media, AI-generated content, machine learning, nonconsensual pornography, revenge porn, sexually explicit media, intimate images, digital manipulation, visual depiction

Transcript Highlights:

• The assumptions for our fall estimate include admissions beginning in January 2025, that sentencing would
• However, those types, those crimes would typically carry relatively longer sentences, so we don't think
• it's likely that someone would be able, would have enough time to have committed their crime, been sentenced
• , serve that relatively long. prison sentence and be released to parole by the end of the budget year
• you get to the point where the person, we're now talking about that added piece on their prison sentence

Keywords: 988, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• In lines 3 through 10, at the beginning of the first sentence, it's talking about local zoning ordinance
• through 10, at the beginning of<00:28:06.600> the<00:28:06.680> first<00:28:07.000> sentence
• ,<00:28:07.720> it's<00:28:07.880> talking of the first sentence, it's talking of the
• first sentence, it's talking about<00:28:08.920> uh uh<00:28:11.840> local<00:28:12.160

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Summary: The Conference Committee on House Bill 244 met to resolve remaining drafting issues in the bill updating and recodifying municipal enforcement of building and fire codes. The chair explained that the measure is largely a technical recodification, moving statutory references and correcting broken cross-references after review by the subcommittee, the Senate, AI-assisted checking, and the Building Code Review Board. Members emphasized that Amendment 2026-1923H contains no policy changes, only reference updates and language cleanup to ensure the bill points to the correct current RSA sections. The committee then discussed a few specific drafting questions, including a reference on page one and language on page two concerning the phrase “remove the prohibition on a building permit.” Some members questioned whether that wording should instead describe a variance or exception, but the chair and Representative Darji explained that the language is intended to allow an applicant to return to the zoning board to remove a prohibition attached to a specific building permit, not to broadly eliminate the underlying rule. The committee also noted a corrected reference to current statutory language because the underlying law had changed since the bill was introduced. After the explanation, the House receded from its position of non-concurrence and concurred with the Senate amendment as further amended by 2026-1923H. Members agreed to place the measure on the House consent calendar, and the committee adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• trial attorney, she handled criminal trials in circuit court along with pre-trial motion hearings, sentencing
• pre-trial circuit court along with pre-trial motion<00:10:46.160> hearings,<00:10:46.959> sentencing
• <00:10:47.440> hearings, motion hearings, sentencing hearings, motion hearings, sentencing

Bills: HB9, SB2069, SB2342, SB2861, SB3123, SB2623, SB585, SB2211, SB2446, SB2919, SB2125, SB2116, SB2999, SB2656, SB2001, SB3169

Keywords: HB9, Hawaii Purple Heart state, Purple Heart, Purple Heart recipients, veterans, military, armed forces, service members, combat wounded, war veterans, military honors, state designation, symbolic legislation, honorary designation, Chapter 5 HRS, Hawaii Revised Statutes, military appreciation, veteran recognition, SB2069, Hawaii housing

Transcript Highlights:

• about it, speaking to different people, if you plan to kill someone and kill them, it is a life sentence
• kill someone and kill them, it is<00:45:54.800> a<00:45:55.040> life<00:45:55.359> sentence
• /c><00:45:55.839> murder<00:45:56.240> offense,<00:45:57.119> um, is a life sentence
• murder offense, um, is a life sentence murder offense, um, which<00:45:58.000> is<00:45:58.160

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• The bill formalizes an annual reporting requirement, enabling lawmakers to analyze trends in sentencing
• decisions about what programs to fund, what programs to not fund, what approaches to take, whether our sentences
• The bill formalizes an annual reporting requirement, enabling lawmakers to analyze trends in sentencing
• decisions about what programs to fund, what programs to not fund, what approaches to take, whether our sentences

Keywords: 958, all

Summary: The Senate Standing Committee on Veterans, Military Affairs, and Public Protection met with a quorum and considered two bills. House Bill 131, sponsored by Rep. Michael Meredith, would give certain former second-class cities more flexibility to change firefighter schedules without a collective bargaining agreement, allowing alternative schedules such as 24-on/72-off and a 48-on/72-off pattern. Meredith said the measure was developed with the Kentucky League of Cities and Kentucky Professional Firefighters and was permissive rather than mandatory. Senators generally supported the bill, noting it would not affect departments that want to keep their current schedules. The committee then heard House Bill 136 from Rep. Jared Bowman, with testimony from Josh Crawford of the Georgia Center for Opportunity. The bill would require more comprehensive annual reporting from the Department of Corrections so lawmakers can better evaluate sentencing, parole, recidivism, rehabilitation, and re-entry outcomes. Supporters said Kentucky currently relies too much on anecdote and incomplete data, and that better information would help direct funding and policy decisions; Bowman also tied the bill to follow-up on last year’s criminal justice reforms. Some members praised the data-gathering effort and discussed possible future tweaks, while one senator criticized HB 5 and said the data should have been collected earlier. Both bills were advanced unanimously by the committee and sent to the Senate floor with favorable consideration. The chair also announced a reminder about the Kentucky National Guard briefing and aerial flight event RSVP deadline.

Transcript Highlights:

• I'm the Senior Campaign Strategist for the Sentencing Project, which. is a national advocacy and research
• We all know that the Texas criminal legal system can be overly punitive, with extremely long sentences
• state's outdated felony disenfranchisement laws. laws. 327,000 of those folks are completing their sentence

Bills: SJR57, SCR8, SB8, SB14, SB24, SB108, SB112, SB125, SB213, SB251, SB315, SB318, SB371, SB378, SB379, SB472, SB487, SB502, SB513, SB565, SB621, SB650, SB689, SB707, SB710, SB761, SB763, SB815, SB854, SB875, SB896, SB916, SB925, SB958, SB961, SB965, SB973, SB987, SB990, SB995, SB1006, SB1018, SB1019, SB1024, SB1026, SB1146, SB1194, SB1198, SB1253, SB1330, SB1343, SB1362, SB1379, SB1497, SB1498, SB1527, SB1532, SB1547, SB1596, SJR36, SJR12, SJR57, SCR22, SCR12, SCR8, SB565, SB765, SB62, SB666, SB707, SB888, SB687, SB847, SB1248, SB14, SB1006, SB504, SB925, SB995, SB857, SB305, SB296, SB284, SB815, SB1379, SB1497, SB1499, SB1498, SB241, SB304, SB621, SB1023, SB1024, SB686, SB112, SB371, SB204, SB609, SB670, SB502, SB850, SB854, SB413, SB1362, SB1346, SB1033, SB1220, SB1073, SB810, SB987, SB1539, SB447, SB875, SB406, SB985, SB965, SB1119, SB1505, SB24, SB1194, SB1253, SB1215, SB1532, SB1302, SB856, SB650, SB583, SB673, SB213, SB681, SB1172, SB1252, SB378, SB1343, SB608, SB487, SB955, SB957, SB988, SB990, SB1019, SB1021, SB1120, SB251, SB958, SB761, SB541, SB315, SB379, SB1018, SB1737, SB266, SB1415, SB1527, SB125, SB599, SB1330, SB53, SB916, SB896, SB1352, SB973, SB785, SB710, SB472, SB1450, SB1502, SB1566, SB414, SB1062, SB1547, SB961, SB1038, SB513, SB578, SB711, SB746, SB942, SB1404, SB1448, SB1738, SB108, SB8, SB318, SB507, SB533, SB689, SB1026, SB1349, SB1355, SB1433, SB1434, SB1596, SB1403, SB1198, SB1146, SB763, SB667, SB1059, SB617, SB1567, SB503, SJR37, SB16, SB310, SB311, SB396, SB505, SB1209, SB1210, SB1470, SB264, SB924, SB1029, SB1185, SB1202, SB1358, SB1364, SB1569, SB1697, SB1376, SB1228, SB519, SB878, SB1350, SB462, SB1535, SB827, SB1585, SB207, SB1207, SB1619, SB1396, SB920, SB1484, SB1273, SB1741

Keywords: central bank digital currency, CBDC, Federal Reserve, digital dollar, digital currency, cashless payments, financial privacy, cybersecurity, government surveillance, financial surveillance, money laundering, terrorism financing, illicit finance, banking policy, monetary policy, payments system, commercial banks, Texas Legislature, concurrent resolution, federal reserve digital currency

Transcript Highlights:

• <02:18:40.920> that's guilty sometimes the sentence that's guilty sometimes the sentence that's
• If you can close in one sentence, and just close it. Okay, I’ll get my one sentence.
• time is up if you can close one sentence time is up if you can close one sentence and<04:05:54.920
• You can go one sentence.
• <05:16:08.320> your your time you can go one sentence your your time you can go one sentence

Keywords: 928, house, all

Summary: The committee first heard House Bill 199, which would extend the statute of limitations for civil actions seeking damages from PFAS contamination from six years to 20 years. The prime sponsor and other supporters argued that PFAS contamination in southern New Hampshire has long-term and often delayed health and property impacts, making the current six-year period too short for victims to discover harm, connect it to exposure, and seek relief. Supporters described contamination in places such as Merrimack and surrounding communities, cited health concerns including cancer, developmental issues, and other illnesses, and said a longer period would better preserve legal rights while still requiring proof of causation. The Department of Environmental Services said it was not taking a position but acknowledged the contamination and ongoing work to address it. The Business and Industry Association opposed the bill, arguing that evidence becomes stale over time, memories and documents fade, and a longer window would make it harder to determine causation when other exposures or intervening factors may be involved. Committee members questioned both sides about causation, the difficulty of proving PFAS-related illness, and whether a 20-year period was necessary if a plaintiff already knows of the injury and its source. Supporters responded that PFAS effects can emerge slowly, that scientific understanding continues to develop, and that current knowledge is still incomplete. Opponents said the existing discovery rule already starts the clock when harm and causal connection are known, and that extending the period would reduce clarity and fairness in litigation. After testimony and questions, the chair closed the hearing on HB 199. The committee then opened House Bill 268 FN, which was described as a technical measure to confirm that the Board of Tax and Land Appeals may hold hearings in its Concord hearing rooms. The sponsor indicated the bill reflects current practice and does not require additional facilities. With only one witness listed and no apparent opposition, the discussion was brief and focused on why the authorization should be placed in statute rather than left to practice.