US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session

US Federal Senate Bill SJR16

Introduced
 
Introduced
2/6/25  

Caption

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require that the Supreme Court of the United States be composed of nine justices.

Summary

SJR 16 is a proposed constitutional amendment that would require the Supreme Court of the United States to be composed of nine justices. The resolution states that the amendment would become part of the Constitution only if ratified by three-fourths of the states within seven years after submission. In practical terms, the measure would lock the size of the Court at nine and prevent future changes to the number of justices through ordinary legislation. The resolution is brief and narrowly focused, containing no implementation details beyond the proposed constitutional text and ratification deadline. It was introduced in the Senate and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary for consideration. Because it is a constitutional amendment, it would require approval by two-thirds of both chambers of Congress and ratification by three-fourths of the states before taking effect.

Impact

If adopted, the proposal would amend the U.S. Constitution to permanently fix the Supreme Court at nine justices, superseding any future congressional attempt to alter the Court’s size by statute. It would affect the structure of the federal judiciary and the balance of power over Supreme Court composition, but it would not directly change state law unless and until states were asked to ratify the amendment. The measure would also establish a seven-year ratification window for state legislatures.

Sentiment

No committee debate or vote record is provided, so there is no documented legislative sentiment from hearings or floor action in the available materials. The bill’s sponsorship by a group of senators suggests support among its cosponsors for preserving the traditional nine-justice structure of the Court. Overall, the resolution appears to be framed as a structural, institutional proposal rather than a policy dispute with implementation details.

Contention

The main point of contention is likely the broader debate over Supreme Court structure and judicial power, including whether Congress should ever be able to expand or contract the Court. Supporters would generally favor a fixed nine-justice Court as a way to preserve stability and avoid court-packing, while opponents may view a constitutional lock-in as limiting future reforms or responses to changing circumstances. No specific objections or counterarguments are recorded in the provided committee or vote history.

Companion Bills

US HJR28

Same As Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require that the Supreme Court of the United States be composed of nine justices.

US HJR1

Related Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require that the Supreme Court of the United States be composed of nine justices.

Previously Filed As

US HJR1

Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require that the Supreme Court of the United States be composed of nine justices.

US HJR1

Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require that the Supreme Court of the United States be composed of nine justices.

US HJR28

Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require that the Supreme Court of the United States be composed of nine justices.

US HJR8

Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require that the Supreme Court of the United States be composed of nine justices.

US HJR2005

A joint resolution urging the United States Congress to propose an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require the Supreme Court of the United States to be composed of nine justices.

US SJR2001

A joint resolution urging the United States Congress to propose an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require the Supreme Court of the United States to be composed of nine justices.

US SR112

A resolution urging the United States Congress to propose an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require the Supreme Court of the United States to be composed of nine justices.

US SJR189

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to protect United States citizenship.

US SJR97

A joint resolution proposing a balanced budget amendment to the Constitution of the United States.

US SJR1

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States relative to limiting the number of terms that a Member of Congress may serve.

Similar Bills

No similar bills found.