US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session

US Federal House Bill HB4416

Introduced
 
Introduced
7/15/25  

Caption

To establish in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration a program to improve precipitation forecasts, and for other purposes.

Summary

HB4416 would create a new precipitation forecasts program within the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The program’s purpose is to improve precipitation forecasting across weather, subseasonal, seasonal, and decadal timescales by advancing research, model development, data collection and management, and operational forecasting capabilities. It specifically emphasizes fully coupled Earth System Models and seeks to improve understanding of precipitation extremes, including atmospheric rivers, tropical cyclones, and winter storms. The bill directs NOAA to support work on observations, datasets, high-performance computing, machine learning, artificial intelligence, and social and behavioral science to improve both forecast accuracy and how forecast information is communicated. It also requires coordination across NOAA offices and engagement with federal, state, local, Tribal, academic, and private-sector partners. NOAA would be required to review and update the program’s goals at least every two years, with those updates incorporated into relevant strategic plans as appropriate.

Impact

The bill would add a new NOAA program focused on precipitation forecasting and authorize appropriations of $15 million in fiscal year 2026, rising modestly through fiscal year 2030. It does not amend existing statutes directly, but it would expand NOAA’s research and operational responsibilities and likely influence how NOAA allocates resources across weather, climate, and data infrastructure activities. The bill would also reinforce interagency and external collaboration on forecasting tools, datasets, and decision-support products.

Sentiment

Based on the bill text and the absence of recorded committee debate or votes, the measure appears to be a technical, science-focused proposal with an emphasis on improving public forecasting capabilities. Its framing suggests generally positive support for research, modernization, and better weather prediction, especially for extreme precipitation events. No formal opposition or recorded controversy is available in the provided materials.

Contention

No committee transcript or vote history is provided, so there are no documented points of contention in the available record. Potential areas of debate, if the bill advances, could include the level of authorized funding, NOAA’s use of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, and how responsibilities are coordinated among NOAA offices and external partners. However, these are not stated objections in the materials provided.

Companion Bills

No companion bills found.

Previously Filed As

US HB4302

Improving Atmospheric River Forecasts Act

US SB322

Improving Atmospheric River Forecasts ActThis bill requires the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to establish an atmospheric river forecast improvement program.In carrying out the program, NOAA must seek to reduce loss of life and property and other economic losses caused by atmospheric river events through research and development on accurate, effective, and actionable forecasting and warnings. The program must generally involve the establishment of quantitative atmospheric river forecast skill metrics, the development of an atmospheric river forecast system within a unified forecast system, and the development of tools and products to predict periods of active or inactive atmospheric river landfalls and inland penetration, among other activities. The program must periodically test and evaluate the value of incorporating innovative observations (e.g., observations from radar, aircraft, ocean buoys, and other sources) to facilitate the improvement of modeling and forecasting. The program must also consider the development of best practices for communicating the existence and severity of atmospheric river events, as well as other information about atmospheric rivers. The program may seek to improve precipitation modeling, with an emphasis on forecasting for complex terrain. The bill also requires NOAA to acquire and sustain adequate crewed and uncrewed aircraft (i.e., drones), equipment, and personnel necessary to meet air reconnaissance mission requirements annually during the expected atmospheric river season (November through March). 

US SB324

Smarter Weather Forecasting for Water Management, Farming, and Ranching Act of 2025This bill directs the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to establish pilot projects to support improved subseasonal to seasonal precipitation forecasting for water management in the western United States and for agriculture nationwide. (Under current law, subseasonal means the time range between two weeks and three months, and seasonal means the time range between three months and two years.)Specifically, NOAA must establish a pilot project to address challenges to improving forecasting and related product development for water management in the western United States. The project must address, among other items, improvements to operational modeling in mountainous regions and to the forecasting of atmospheric rivers. NOAA must also establish a second pilot project to address challenges to improving forecasting and related product development for U.S. agriculture. The project must address, among other items, improvements to operational modeling of warm-season precipitation and to the prediction of certain spring and summer weather patterns.  Each pilot project must include activities that engage with and leverage the resources of academic institutions and entities within NOAA, and that achieve measurable objectives for operational forecast improvement. NOAA’s authority with respect to these pilot projects expires five years after the bill’s enactment. 

US HB2406

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Sexual Harassment and Assault Prevention Improvements Act of 2025

US HB5089

Weather Act Reauthorization Act of 2025 Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Reauthorization Act of 2025

US SB3923

Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Reauthorization Act of 2026

US SB1484

FORECAST Act of 2025 Forecasting Optimization for Robust Earth Climate Analysis and S2S Tracking Act of 2025

US SB613

Improving Flood and Agricultural Forecasts Act of 2025

US SB590

Improving Flood and Agricultural Forecasts Act of 2025

US SB599

An act to amend Section 347 of the Water Code, relating to atmospheric rivers.

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