Video & Transcript Research : 'space traffic management'

Page 1 of 500
US
Transcript Highlights:
  • First, space. Space is and will remain a major problem.
  • Later today, astronaut Colonel Anne McClain from Spokane, Washington, will launch to the International Space
  • Her return to space as commander of the Crew 10 continues Washington's rich contribution to our nation's
  • space program.
  • Wicker, Blackburn, Hickenlooper, Schmidt, Lujan, and Kelly, which addresses the growing challenges of space
Summary: The Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation held an important meeting where they discussed various bills aimed at addressing pressing issues like consumer protection, technology, and environmental management. Chairman Cruz opened the meeting by emphasizing the role of subpoenas in ensuring accountability and oversight, highlighting a recent compliance from several parties following such threats. The meeting progressed to consider several bills, including the Romance Scam Prevention Act championed by Senator Blackburn, which seeks to protect vulnerable populations from online dating scams that have resulted in enormous financial losses, particularly among seniors. The committee also nominated Michael Kratios for the Office of Science and Technology Policy and Mark Medder for the Federal Trade Commission, underscoring the significance of leadership in fostering innovation and consumer protection in technology sectors.
AL

Alabama 2026 1st Special Session

Alabama Senate State Governmental Affairs Committee Feb 4th, 2026

State Governmental Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • So, I am um um been serving the last few years as chairman of the Alabama Space Authority.
  • So, I am um um been serving the last few years as chairman of the Alabama Space Authority.
  • Chairman. >> Good job. >> Uh, Senate Bill 210, Senator Woods. as uh chairman of the Alabama Space as
  • uh chairman of the Alabama Space Authority.<00:11:32.079> And<00:11:32.640> I<00:11:33.279
  • you're almost talking think about space you're almost talking just<00:11:54.160> about<00:11:
US
Transcript Highlights:
  • That should have led to halted traffic.
  • How has Boeing adapted its quality management system?
  • I wanted to drill down on the safety management system.
  • I'm absolutely committed to a mandatory safety management system.
  • To continue to ask them do they feel undue pressure from management or over or undue oversight from management
Summary: The meeting primarily focused on significant safety concerns surrounding Boeing and its compliance with federal aviation standards. Lawmakers expressed frustration over the Army's failure to provide requested operational transparency regarding helicopter operations near Washington, D.C., amid recent incidents indicating a strained air traffic control situation. Several members called for reform in Boeing's oversight, emphasizing the need for a robust safety culture and mandatory safety management systems to prevent future disasters like the 737 MAX crashes. The discussions were passionate, with survivors and families impacted by past accidents present, highlighting the urgency and seriousness of the issues at hand.
TX

Texas 89th Regular

Delivery of Government Efficiency May 7th, 2025

Delivery of Government Efficiency

Transcript Highlights:
  • Texas is the space state. Texas has more space companies than anywhere else.
  • They're especially working now with our space commission and everything, so I'd be glad to answer any
  • Healthcare facilities, physicians, providers, and the ERS Board of Trustees would make. manage and develop
  • auto program that we need to incorporate in other spaces.
  • I was the accountant for the first cash-only clinic in Lubbock, Texas, and part of the management team
FL

Florida 2026 Regular Session

Military and Veterans Affairs, Space, and Domestic Security Jan 26th, 2026

Military and Veterans Affairs, Space, and Domestic Security

Transcript Highlights:
  • Senate Bill 1602 creates the Homes for Veterans Property Management Incentive Pilot Program within the
  • The bill directs FHFC, in conjunction with the local public housing authority and case managers assigned
  • Senate Bill 1602 creates the Homes for Veterans Property Management Incentive Pilot Program within the
  • The bill directs FHFC in conjunction with the local public housing authority and case managers assigned
  • to the veterans to establish an oversee a and case managers assigned to the veterans to establish and
Bills: S1512, S1602, S1604, S1656
Summary: The Committee on Military Veterans Affairs, Space, and Domestic Security met with a quorum and considered several memorials and bills. It first passed Senate Memorial 1714, urging Congress to support the “No Tax Dollars for Terrorist Acts” measure to prevent U.S. funds from benefiting the Taliban in Afghanistan. The committee then favorably reported SB 1512, which expands tax exemptions and procurement flexibility for Space Florida, and SB 1656, which designates the SS American Victory as Florida’s official state flagship in place of the Western Union. The committee also favorably reported SM 1186, which urges Congress to increase the Florida National Guard’s force structure, with supporters citing Florida’s large population and disaster response needs. Senator Sharif voiced support for the effort. Next, the committee took up SB 1602, creating a Homes for Veterans Property Management Incentive Pilot Program in selected counties to help landlords house veterans through vacancy relief and risk mitigation funds; two amendments were adopted, and the bill was reported favorably as committee substitute. SB 1604, which creates the associated trust funds within the Florida Housing Finance Corporation, also received one technical amendment and was reported favorably as committee substitute. Throughout the meeting, several measures drew supportive testimony or comments, including representatives from Space Florida and the Florida Chamber on SB 1512 and a supporter on SB 1602. Multiple members offered to co-sponsor or support veterans-related measures. No bills were opposed in debate, all amendments were adopted without objection, and each item was reported favorably before the committee adjourned.
FL

Florida 2026 Regular Session

Transportation Feb 10th, 2026

Transportation

Transcript Highlights:
  • may make direct payments to a first-tier subcontractor, and removes legislative findings from the Traffic
  • Pretty amazing to see, obviously, still traffic engineers overseeing it.
  • Next up, we'll go to Tab 4, members: SB 1378 by Senator Martin, sits right over there, on traffic enforcement
  • This bill strengthens traffic enforcement tools and clarifies when vehicles may be treated as abandoned
  • It updates when law enforcement can remove abandoned vehicles to improve roadway safety and traffic flow
Bills: S0828, S1274, S1310, S1378, S1562
Summary: The Transportation Committee took up several measures and adopted amendments on multiple bills. SB 1274, as amended, removed a number of provisions from the original bill and added items including local authority to lower residential street speed limits, clarification on obscured license plates, FDOT funding for certain rural airport aviation projects, limits on yellow-light timing changes tied to red-light cameras, changes to private use of license plate readers, and other transportation-related revisions. After brief questions and supportive testimony, the committee reported the bill favorably. The committee also approved SB 1310, which was converted into a study bill directing FDOT to study advanced detection and monitoring systems at public railroad crossings and report findings and policy options to the governor and legislature. Railroad industry testimony supported the study but raised concerns about interoperability with train safety systems and suggested the study consider additional safety tools such as red-light cameras and wayside horns. The committee adopted the amendment and reported the bill favorably. SB 828, as amended, would extend sovereign immunity protections to private contractors providing public transit services on behalf of governments, with supporters saying it would reduce costs and provide certainty for transit providers, while opponents warned it was an overbroad expansion of sovereign immunity and could conflict with railroad employee protections under federal law. The committee reported that bill favorably as well. The committee then passed SB 1378, which strengthens traffic enforcement by clarifying when vehicles may be treated as abandoned, adding penalties for unlawfully attached plates or stickers, and allowing forfeiture of vehicles used to flee law enforcement even without an immediate arrest. It also approved SB 1562, which aims to prevent manufacturers from concentrating sales of certain vehicle brands through a single dealer group and instead promote competition among independent dealers. In addition, the committee unanimously confirmed a slate of appointees, and members later recorded additional affirmative votes on several bills before adjourning.
HI

Hawaii 2026 Regular Session

ECD Public Hearing - Wed Feb 18, 2026 @ 9:30 AM HST

Economic Development & Technology

Transcript Highlights:
  • This is related to space operations. >> I'm happy to. >> I'm happy to.
  • I guess, what's happening with the federal tax credit landscape right now with, you know, in this space
  • if you could provide know in this space if you could provide sort<00:41:53.119> of<00:41:53.200
  • This bill prepares Hawaii for the growing space industry.
  • This bill prepares Hawaii for the growing space industry.
Summary: The committee heard testimony on several measures, beginning with HB 2410 relating to the Hawaii Technology Development Corporation. Testifiers from HTDC and the Hawaii Food Industry Association stood on written testimony, and members discussed the funding request, which was described as $1 million each for three programs, for a total of $3 million. The measure appeared to have broad support, with no opposition noted. The committee then took up HB 2235 HD1 on the military and community relations office, where Lori Moore of MACC asked for additional funding to support local businesses and education-to-career initiatives statewide. Members asked about the amount, and the request was identified as $1.3 million total. HB 904 on space operations followed, with three supporters and one opponent, though no substantive testimony was captured beyond the vote counts. HB 2201 on state enterprise zones drew testimony from Georgia Skinner of DBEDT’s Creative Industries division, who said the measure would build on a well-run enterprise zone program and help make Hawaii’s film industry more competitive. Tom Yamashita of the Tax Foundation also provided comments. The committee then considered HB 2349 relating to DCCA and DBEDT coordination; DCCA explained it already provides links and information to DBEDT programs, while DBEDT argued that direct data sharing would allow more proactive outreach. Members raised privacy and cost concerns, and DBEDT said it would consider opt-in collection and acknowledged system changes and possible funding needs. The committee also heard two tax credit bills. HB 1972 HD1, on a caregiver tax credit, received strong support from AARP, the Hawaii Public Health Institute, the Hawaii Children’s Action Network, and others, who described caregivers as an “invisible workforce” and argued the credit would help families keep loved ones at home and reduce financial strain. The Tax Foundation suggested a grant or subsidy program might be more efficient than a tax credit and raised concerns about debarment provisions. HB 20007 HD1, on the household and dependent care services tax credit, also drew strong support from public health and family advocacy groups, who said Hawaii families face some of the nation’s highest child care costs and that the bill would better reflect current expenses; the Tax Foundation again raised technical concerns about complexity and debarment. Members asked about fiscal impacts, and testimony indicated the current credit costs about $6 million, with the bill expected to increase that amount. The committee then moved on to HB 2385 HD1 on housing, where the Deputy Attorney General began presenting written comments on whether the bill limits county authority.
AZ

Arizona 2026 Regular Session

03/10/2026 - Senate Appropriations, Transportation and Technology

Appropriations, Transportation and Technology

Transcript Highlights:
  • The schools that don't have driver's ed programs and does traffic safety and traffic awareness classes
  • The billing construct, that is something wholly separate from air traffic safety.
  • The billing construct, that is something wholly separate from air traffic safety.
  • That is not the job of air traffic control. They just are talking to pilots.
  • Traffic control. They just are talking to pilots.
Summary: The committee heard House Bill 2003, which would lower the instruction-permit age for Class D, G, and M licenses from 15 and a half to 15, while increasing supervised practice requirements for minors: 50 hours for Class G with 20 at night, 50 hours for Class M, and a nine-month permit holding period before licensure. The sponsor argued the bill builds on Arizona’s graduated driver licensing system and is intended to improve teen safety, citing other states with longer permit periods and lower teen fatality rates. Questions focused on who certifies the supervised hours, with staff explaining that a parent, legal guardian, or custodial parent signs off, though driver education remains an alternative. The bill received a do-pass recommendation by a 9-1 vote. House Bill 2063, which appropriates $1.5 million from the General Fund in FY 2027 to the Corrections Oversight Fund, drew emotional testimony in support from a mother whose son died after a prison suicide, and from advocates who said the oversight office is needed given prison health care problems and federal receivership. The sponsor said the funding would support prison oversight and transparency. The committee then approved the bill unanimously, 10-0. The committee also passed House Bill 2116, appropriating $1 million to the Colorado River litigation fund, after the sponsor said the money would help Arizona prepare for possible litigation over Colorado River cuts and that the issue affects nearly every district in the state. Members discussed whether the funding should come from the WIFA fund instead of the General Fund, but the bill received an 8-0 do-pass recommendation with two not voting. The committee also considered House Bill 2210, which would prohibit the state, local governments, and private entities from using ADS-B aircraft surveillance data to calculate, generate, or collect aircraft fees. Supporters, including pilots and the Arizona Pilots Association, argued the technology was intended for safety and should not be used for billing, warning that fee collection could discourage pilots from keeping the system on. Opponents, including the Arizona Airports Association and the City of Phoenix, said airports should retain local control over fee collection methods and that the bill was a solution in search of a problem. After extensive debate about federal requirements, safety, and billing practices, the bill received a tied 4-4 do-pass recommendation. Finally, HCM 2007, a memorial urging renaming sections of State Route 69 to honor veterans of several wars, passed 5-4. The committee also briefly noted that some bills were being held at members’ request.
AL

Alabama 2025 Regular Session

Alabama Senate State Governmental Affairs Committee Mar 5th, 2025

State Governmental Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • HB 159 is an update to the Space and Rocket Center statute that was ...Space and Rocket Center statute
  • It brings it up to modern day and in fact the board that governs it is the Alabama Space Science Exhibit
  • Space and Rocket Center. So this bill brings it up ...Rocket Center.
  • The name of the governing body would change from the Alabama Space and Science Exhibit Commission to
  • Space and Rocket Center Commission.
Bills: HB159
HI

Hawaii 2026 Regular Session

PBS Public Hearing - Wed Apr 15, 2026 @ 10:30 AM HST

Public Safety

Transcript Highlights:
  • <00:48:07.320> cuz but we simply don't have the space cuz but we simply don't have the space
  • designing the physical space, designing the physical space, I<01:00:39.200> know<01:00:39.400>
  • <01:00:52.640> so Is there a way to design the space so Is there a way to design the space
  • being modified and how is the space being modified and designed<01:01:10.280> for<01:01:10.520
  • , fuel reduction, defensible space, and emergency access measures to reduce wildfire risk to Lahaina
Bills: SCR180
Summary: The committee opened by noting it was likely its last hearing of the 2026 session, then took up several resolutions. SCR 54, on appointing a hydrogen fire safety expert and training on hydrogen-related protocols, and SCR 59, on allowing certain health care professionals to practice without a license during a state of emergency, drew no testimony. Members discussed SCR 59 as a response to past emergencies and the need for pre-approved, updated registries of professionals who could be deployed quickly in emergencies. SCR 62 SD1, which asks the 911 Board to form a working group with the disability community to address access issues in emergency and 911 responses, received testimony from disability advocates and the 911 Board. Testifiers said the measure should ensure an integrated system with EMS infrastructure, real-time access for dispatchers and field personnel, and public education about the system; they also noted that Smart911 is no longer being used on Oahu and Maui and that a statewide, integrated approach is needed. Members agreed to work the suggested language into the resolution. SCR 179, urging Maui County to enforce fire code provisions on brush clearance, fuel breaks, roadside vegetation clearing, and emergency access, was noted as having no testimony but continuing to raise important issues. SCR 74, calling for an audit of no-bid contracts issued under emergency proclamations from 2020 through 2025, drew strong support from a late testifier who tied the measure to emergency procurement concerns after the Lahaina wildfire and COVID-era contracting. The witness argued that procurement rules should not be waived in ways that compromise safety, and described concerns about unlicensed contractors and construction problems in a state housing project. Members asked about the scope of the audit and whether it would interfere with criminal investigations; the witness said the audit should cover a broad range of contracts, including nonprofit contracts, and should not be limited to the wildfire period. The committee also heard SCR 28 SD1 on creating a Hawaii Vietnam Veterans Medal, with support from the Department of Defense and veterans advocates, who said the resolution is intended to do the groundwork for a future appropriation and to determine eligibility and distribution procedures. Finally, SCR 60 SD1, requesting updates on the “Breaking Cycles” rehabilitation and restorative justice study, received support from the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, the Correctional System Oversight Commission, and reform advocates. The department asked that reporting be annual rather than quarterly because of the complexity of the OCCC project, and supporters said the measure would promote transparency and help ensure the study’s recommendations are implemented. No votes were taken in the portion of the hearing provided.
TX

Texas 89th Regular

Natural Resources Apr 2nd, 2025

Natural Resources

Transcript Highlights:
  • Fund Advisory Committee from seven to eight members, including the Texas Division of Emergency Management
  • We're a statewide water policy association focused on water supply and management.
  • For the record, I'm Derek Bayes, General Manager of the San Antonio River Authority.
  • I've been with the River Authority as the general manager for approximately four years, and I joined
  • In 1937, the state of Texas empowered the San Antonio River Authority to preserve, protect, and manage
TX

Texas 89th Regular

Natural Resources Apr 2nd, 2025

Natural Resources

Transcript Highlights:
  • We want to make sure that each of these gates are always big enough so that two-way traffic can go down
  • Can you just describe a little bit to me about the two-way traffic?
  • This ensures safe navigation, accommodates vessels, future designs, and maintains two-way traffic, even
  • The current proposal lacks the vision for future larger ship traffic and ignores construction impact,
  • This bill is about improving how we manage two critical resources: water and flood infrastructure. ..
AZ

Arizona 2026 Regular Session

03/19/2026 - House Artificial Intelligence & Innovation

Artificial Intelligence & Innovation

Transcript Highlights:
  • And because I'm space marshal, here's the enforcement breakdown.
  • One visionary space cowboy beams in the $32,000 implementation fee.
  • Arizona already packs the densest space vehicle manufacturing punch in the nation.
  • And that's going to be a very nice corner of the space market to corner.
  • I know Senator Shamp had highlighted that she was space marshal number one.
Bills: SB1020
Summary: The committee first took up Senate Bill 1020, which would create Arizona Space Commission special license plates and direct a portion of the plate fee to the Space Exploration and Aeronautics Research Fund. The bill’s sponsor and the Arizona Space Commission chair testified in support, emphasizing Arizona’s growing space industry, the need for a funding stream for the commission, and the bill’s role in promoting aerospace jobs, education, and economic development. They noted a planned floor amendment to extend the implementation deadline from 2026 to 2027. Members expressed strong support and highlighted Arizona’s competitiveness in space-related activity. The committee then heard a presentation from Deloitte on artificial intelligence in government. Deloitte described how AI and predictive analytics can improve state services, but stressed concerns about accountability, data quality, privacy, workforce impacts, and responsible use. The presentation used examples from public-sector data integration and predictive modeling, including how AI can help identify veterans who may qualify for benefits or other outreach, while cautioning that such tools should not be used for yes-or-no eligibility decisions. Members asked about data sources, accuracy, minors, privacy protections, and safeguards, and Deloitte said it follows a trust-and-governance framework and could provide more information later. Finally, the committee heard from Pano AI on wildfire detection technology. The presenter explained that the company uses camera towers, AI, and human review to detect smoke early, provide location data to responders, and improve initial attack on wildfires. She said the system is already deployed across Arizona through utilities, state agencies, and local departments, with more installations planned, and described examples where early detection helped contain fires and support evacuation and jurisdictional response. Members asked about coverage, weather limitations, funding, and future capabilities, and the presenter said the technology is a tool that will continue improving through better prediction and integration with other fire-management systems. The committee adjourned after the presentations.
AL

Alabama 2026 1st Special Session

Alabama House State Government Committee Feb 18th, 2026

State Government

Transcript Highlights:
  • Um so um we have the Alabama Space Authority now that I have the privilege of chairing.
  • Um so um we have the Alabama Space Authority now that I have the privilege of chairing.
  • Um so um we have the Alabama Space Authority now that I have the privilege of chairing.
  • Um so um we have the Alabama Space Authority now that I have the privilege of chairing.
  • Um so um we have<00:11:06.079> the<00:11:06.320> Alabama<00:11:06.800> Space<00:
FL

Florida 2026 Regular Session

Appropriations Committee on Transportation, Tourism, and Economic Development Feb 18th, 2026

Appropriations Committee on Transportation, Tourism, and Economic Development

Transcript Highlights:
  • by 85%, not just in urban downtowns like Miami, but in suburbs with unlimited density and no open space
  • We’re the center of space, and now we’re going to be the center of the Jetson generation.
  • would have been really nice if someone was here from that agency to explain how they're going to manage
  • You cannot hold residency in two states at the same time. ...little different, and we have managed that
  • Incentive Pilot Program. ...for the purpose of implementing the Homes for Veterans Property Management
Summary: The committee first heard CS for SB 1342 on transit-oriented development by Senator Rouson, which seeks to expand housing near fixed transit corridors by updating TOD definitions and applying Live Local-style land-use principles to those areas. An amendment narrowed definitions, limited the bill to land-use and development regulations, removed a private cause of action, and added exclusions for environmentally sensitive areas, historic properties, and military installations. Supporters said the bill would increase housing supply near existing infrastructure and maximize the state’s transit investments, while local government groups and city leagues opposed it as a sweeping preemption of local zoning authority that could force high-density development without public hearings or adequate infrastructure planning. The committee adopted the amendment and then reported the bill favorably. The committee then took up CS for SB 1334 on elections by Senator Grall, which would require documentary proof of citizenship in voter registration and related election processes, update how citizenship is verified through REAL ID and the SAVE database, clarify that paper ballots are the primary voting method, and add other election-related changes such as candidate eligibility rules and timelines. Two technical amendments were adopted. During extended questioning, senators raised concerns about how documents would be submitted and stored, whether voters without Florida IDs or REAL IDs—especially students, disabled voters, seniors, and homeless Floridians—could be flagged or burdened, and what fiscal and workload impacts the bill would have on supervisors of elections and state agencies. Supporters argued the bill would streamline verification and reduce duplicate paperwork, while many public speakers and some senators said it would create barriers to voting, increase costs, and risk disenfranchising eligible voters. The transcript ends during debate on the bill, before a final vote is shown. Later, the committee considered CS for SB 1362 on advanced air mobility by Senator Harrell. A strike-all amendment aligned the bill with the House version and added vertiports and charging systems as eligible projects for public-private partnership funding, with FDOT authorized to fund certain vertiport costs within available resources. The bill drew support from industry and local representatives, and the committee adopted the amendment and reported the bill favorably. The committee also heard SB 174, which designates a portion of State Road 985 in Miami-Dade County as Charlie Kirk Memorial Avenue and directs FDOT to install markers at an estimated cost of $2,400. The bill prompted significant debate over whether Kirk’s legacy warranted a state road designation, with opponents citing his controversial statements and arguing the honor was political and divisive, while supporters said the designation recognizes civic engagement near FIU and is symbolic rather than regulatory. The transcript ends during debate on SB 174, before any final action is shown.
AL

Alabama 2025 Regular Session

Alabama House Boards, Agencies and Commissions Committee Feb 12th, 2025 at 10:30 am

Boards, Agencies and Commissions

Transcript Highlights:
  • First of all, I'm just inspired by all these people here to hear about the preservation of space.
  • We have at the Space and Rocket Center a great multitude of artifacts that we preserve, display, and
  • Space and Rocket Center Commission.
  • Everything in our future travel in space really begins right here in Alabama.
  • So we're excited this legislation would help us from the Space and Rocket Center Commission to continue
TX

Texas 89th 2nd C.S.

Transportation Apr 29th, 2025

Transportation

Transcript Highlights:
  • When a driver's issued a traffic citation, most minor traffic offenses are eligible for dismissal if
  • Well, when the traffic lights come on, people are going to be confused.
  • Fort Worth supports transparent, thoughtful, right of way management.
  • During peak hours, what used to be manageable traffic now clogs up badly with one fewer lane available
  • is our traffic.
TX

Texas 89th Regular

Economic Development May 21st, 2025

Economic Development

Transcript Highlights:
  • I'm a managing attorney in the Business and Public Filings Division with the Texas Secretary of State's
Summary: The Senate Economic Development Committee heard and laid out several measures focused on school safety, Texas-Taiwan relations, defense manufacturing, business formation, hotel tax policy, and NASA relocation. HB 1851 would allow surplus DPS vehicles and law enforcement equipment to be transferred to school districts in economically disadvantaged areas for use by school police and security personnel, with a two-year resale restriction. HCR 127 expressed support for the Texas-Taiwan relationship and trade ties, HCR 118 supported expanding warship manufacturing in Texas, HCR 141 urged Congress to move NASA headquarters to Houston, HB 346 (with a committee substitute) revised business filing and fee authority while making permanent a franchise tax exemption for new veteran-owned businesses, HB 2974 was an omnibus hotel occupancy tax and qualified hotel project bill, and HB 5596 addressed accountability for municipal hotel occupancy tax revenues in coastal communities. Witnesses generally supported the measures, including the Texas Hotel and Lodging Association on HB 2974 and resource witnesses from the Texas Veterans Commission and Secretary of State on HB 346; no opposition testimony was registered on the laid-out bills. After public testimony, the committee took up pending business and adopted committee substitutes where applicable. HB 1851, HB 346, HB 2974, and HB 5596 were each reported favorably to the full Senate, with HB 346 and HB 2974 also recommended for the local and uncontested calendar. HCR 127 and HCR 118 were reported favorably as well, and HCR 127 and HCR 141 were likewise recommended for the local and uncontested calendar. The committee also reported HB 4320 favorably, though the transcript repeats that motion several times. The meeting ended with the committee standing in recess until 7:00 a.m. subject to the call of the chair.