Transcript Highlights:

• With a quorum being established, the first item on the agenda will be the engrossed committee substitute
• Chairman, I move that I move that the engrossed committee substitute for House Bill 4012 be reported
• The engrossed committee substitute for House Bill 4012 be reported to the full Senate without recommendation
• The engrossed committee substitute for House Bill 4012 be reported to the full Senate without recommendation

Keywords: 994, senate, all

Summary: The Senate Energy, Industry and Mining Committee met and took up the engrossed committee substitute for House Bill 4012. Counsel explained that the bill shortens several Public Service Commission timelines for certificates of public convenience and necessity, including deadlines for final decisions and final submissions, with different timeframes for smaller water/sewer projects and very large projects. The bill also requires applications to justify the need for a facility, including consideration of alternatives such as advanced transmission technologies, and adds requirements for electric transmission lines of 200 kV or greater, including a showing that costs are commensurate with benefits to West Virginia ratepayers and commitments to provide off-take facilities when requested. Comparable changes were also described for siting certificates, including a reduced decision timeline. After questions and no amendments, the vice chair moved to report the bill to the full Senate without recommendation as to passage, but with a recommendation that it be re-referred to the Energy, Industry and Mining Committee. The committee approved the motion by voice vote. The meeting then adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• Without what you've done, we couldn't arrive at a committee substitute to put forward and move the budget
• to uh put forward a committee substitute to uh put forward and<00:03:09.360> and<00:03:09.760
• You have an introduced version, the House; we have a committee substitute that comes out.
• We do have the committee PHS1 committee substitute adopted, and I do apologize.
• :50.960> having PHS1 committee substitute having PHS1 committee substitute having received<00:

Keywords: Meeting Start 00:00:00 Roll Call 00:00:40 HB 500 Discussion 00:01:50 HB 500 Vote 00:38:40 HB 504 Discussion 00:41:45 HB 504 Vote 00:47:00, 958, all

Summary: The House Standing Committee on Appropriations and Revenue met to consider House Bill 500, the executive branch budget bill, and House Bill 504, the judicial branch budget bill. The chair explained that the committee substitute for HB 500 was a starting point in the budget process and that a committee amendment was needed to correct a numbers discrepancy. The amendment to PHS1 was adopted, and the committee then adopted HB 500 as amended, with one no vote and several passes; the bill was reported favorably. The committee also voted to roll the committee amendment into PHS1 so it would be considered as a single unified version. The chair gave a broad overview of HB 500, describing funding for statewide costs, a 2% salary increase in each fiscal year for executive branch employees and elected officials, and broad percentage cuts of 4% in FY27 and 3% in FY28 with many exemptions. He highlighted funding changes for education, Medicaid, health insurance for state and school employees, public safety, corrections, health and family services, postsecondary education, fire programs, tourism and parks, and several capital projects. He also noted language changes or removals that were intended to clean up the bill rather than eliminate programs, and said some items were held steady or fully funded based on current estimates. Members asked about SEEK transportation funding, the budget reserve trust fund, and why Medicaid benefits were funded below the governor’s request. The chair said the reserve included general fund and Department of Insurance restricted funds as a safeguard, with some of that money available if Medicaid costs exceed expectations. He said Medicaid benefits were held flat at FY26 levels because eligibility and utilization have declined, but the committee added reporting requirements and oversight to monitor trends. A member expressed appreciation for the SEEK increase and KEPH stability, while another voted no on HB 500 because they were still reviewing the document and believed some items were missing. The chair then said the committee would move on to HB 504, but no action on that bill is included in the excerpt.

Transcript Highlights:

• And the chair offers up a committee substitute to HB 1674.
• Bill 1674 in the committee substitute.
• So, I'm looking at section three of the bill and so. or of the committee substitute.
• At this time, the Chair withdraws the committee substitute to HB169.
• Chairman, do you have a substitute? Yes, the substitute has been laid out.

Bills: HB1341, HB1674, HB4028, SB2321

Keywords: hydrogen sulfide, public health, environmental regulation, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, ground level concentrations, emissions limit, emissions limits, ground-level concentrations, air quality, PFAS, agriculture, environmental protection, health risks, criminal offense, chemical regulation, preproduction plastic, water quality, pollution control, industrial waste, emissions

Transcript Highlights:

• Senate bill number 280 with substitute by Senator Orur relating to substitute by Senator Orur relating
• My 99 is is from the substituted bill is the committee shall substituted bill is the committee shall
• Thank you Mr. substitute and amended. Thank you Mr. substitute and amended. Thank you Mr. Speaker.
• Question for the B now is adoption of the substitute. B now is adoption of the substitute.
• Thank substituted. Thank you speaker. Thank substituted. Thank you speaker. Thank you body.

Bills: HB 1535, HB 123, HB 111, HB 180, HB 342, HB 1027, HB 1178, HB 610, HB 1277, HB 1615, HB 1620, HB 5342, HB 4885, HB 4751, HB 4689, HB 4530, HB 4488, HB 2149, HB 2041, HB 2071, HB 1813, HB 2282, HB 2248, HB 2243, HB 2522, HB 2310, HB 2513, HB 2300, HB 1902, HB 3719, HB 4284, HB 4327, HB 3743, HB 3778, HB 3801, HB 5153, HB 5147, HB 4877, HB 4850, HB 3158, HB 3261, HB 3005, HB 3033, HB 3138, HB 3099, HB 2849, HB 2967, HB 3488, HB 3477, HB 3466, HB 3396, HB 3469, HB 2594, HB 2776, HB 2564, HB 2298, HB 5331, HB 5646, HB 5247, HB 5323, HB 2015, HB 4384, HB 3896, HB 4014, HB 3627, HB 3594, HB 2524, HB 510, HB 561, HB 5111, HB 5446, HB 1181, HB 3963, HB 2785, HB 1661, HB 2460, HB 24, HJR 138, HB 3800, HB 42, HB 129, HB 677, HB 668, HB 2128, HB 2038, HB 2316, HB 3686, HB 2563, HB 1160, HB 3883, HB 2788, HB 2663, HB 3305, HB 3474, HB 1105, HB 3490, HB 3597, HB 1295, HB 3512, HB 3783, HB 2017, HB 3010, HB 3112, HB 4215, HB 3223, HB 3464, HB 3120, HB 4214, HB 4081, HB 4783, HB 4063, HB 2783, HB 5085, HB 2510, HB 3426, HB 4361, HB 1169, HB 2516, HB 4700, HB 3560, HB 3860, HB 3146, HB 184, HB 198, HB 247, HB 367, HB 449, HB 1778, HB 514, HB 632, HB 2582, HB 766, HB 2715, HB 2712, HB 3069, HB 3505, HB 1269, HB 4224, HB 5032, HB 2240, HB 5180, HB 3348, HB 4668, HB 4665, HB 3395, HB 3157, HB 4395, HB 4325, HB 4386, HB 4273, HB 2760, HB 2820, HB 1828, HB 1579, SB 2349, SB 1268, SB 610, SB 1577, SB 1369, SB 2032, SB 2034, SB 1057, SB 1044, SB 922, SB 1759, SB 1143, SB 1506, SB 1403, SB 2361, SB 870, SB 372, SB 72, SB 1583, SB 2314, SB 1267, SB 1273, SB 765, SB 552, HB 2145, HJR 112, HB 1804, HJR 110, HB 1194, HB 1531, HB 5008, HB 3421, SCR 27, HB 5398, HB 1407, HB 426, HB 1535, HB 123, HB 1773, HB 1871, HB 2035, HB 2448, HB 2492, HB 1411, HB 4753, HB 4666, HB 4529, HB 1499, HB 1610, HB 2028, HB 1506, HB 886, HB 3546, HB 796, HB 223, HB 1475, HB 3556, HB 4638, HB 111, HB 180, HB 342, HB 1027, HB 1178, HB 610, HB 1277, HB 1615, HB 1620, HB 5342, HB 4885, HB 4751, HB 4689, HB 4530, HB 4488, HB 2149, HB 2041, HB 2071, HB 1813, HB 2282, HB 2248, HB 2243, HB 2522, HB 2310, HB 2513, HB 2300, HB 1902, HB 3719, HB 4284, HB 4327, HB 3743, HB 3778, HB 3801, HB 5153, HB 5147, HB 4877, HB 4850, HB 3158, HB 3261, HB 3005, HB 3033, HB 3138, HB 3099, HB 2849, HB 2967, HB 3488, HB 3477, HB 3466, HB 3396, HB 3469, HB 2594, HB 2776, HB 2564, HB 2298, HB 5331, HB 5646, HB 5247, HB 5323, HB 2015, HB 4384, HB 3896, HB 4014, HB 3627, HB 3594, HB 2524, HB 510, HB 561, HB 5111, HB 5446, HB 1181, HB 3963, HB 2785, HB 1661, HB 2460, HCR 98, HCR 92, HCR 126

Keywords: Trinity River Authority, river authority, Sunset Advisory Commission, Texas Sunset Act, board of directors, governor appointment, public water authority, regional water authority, water resources, local government, natural resources, board training, ethics, open meetings, public information, conflict of interest, complaint procedures, public comment, director removal, governance reform

Transcript Highlights:

• Uh, but what stands before you today with this substitute is no longer HB 475. It's a Trojan horse.
• Uh, but what stands before you today with this substitute is no longer HB 475. It's a Trojan horse.
• On the bill as substituted, favorable advance, seconded by Senator Long Row? Senator Long Row.
• ,<00:42:57.440> favorable On the bill as substituted, favorable On the bill as substituted
• The<00:43:39.760> bill The bill passes as amended, or as substituted. Thank you.

Bills: HB475

Keywords: 923, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Pending is the committee substitute for House Bill 4606, which would amend and reenact an existing section
• Pending is the committee substitute for House Bill 4606, which would amend and reenact an existing section
• I'd worked with the State Bar on the committee substitute to provide online materials.
• In the committee substitute, and it's, the title, again, isn't quite accurate.
• But this is, as it's before you in the committee substitute, provide materials for the administration

Keywords: 994, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• We're here to offer full support of the Senate Finance Committee's substitute for Senate Bill 152.
• Again, the NMECG supports a committee substitute for Senate Bill 152 and asks House Appropriations and
• I mentioned, and I'm here on Senate Bill 130—sorry, the Senate Rules Committee substitute for Senate
• It will be a do pass on Senate Finance Committee substitute for Senate Bill 152.
• I move a do pass on Senate Committee Substitute for Senate Bill 152, Senate Finance Committee Substitute

Bills: HB2, SB152

Keywords: general appropriation, budget, Medicaid, education funding, public safety, telecommunications, low-income assistance, lifeline, broadband, rural broadband, universal service fund, public regulation commission, PRC, 911 surcharge, telecommunications relay service, VoIP, mobile service, internet affordability, digital equity, digital inclusion

Transcript Highlights:

• 234010.1 Senate Judiciary Committee substitute.
• And I just want to remind everyone that we would not want to substitute this bill in the House.
• I'd like to move a do pass on Senate Rules Committee substitute for Senate Bill 264.
• Pass on Senate Rules Committee substitute for Senate Bill 264. Is that appropriate?
• There's been a do pass motion on the Senate Rules Committee substitute for Senate Bill 264.

Bills: SB38, SB17, SB41, SB264

Keywords: SB38, pet food, registered pet food, registration fee, fees, sunset repeal, repeal of repeal, revenue, state fee, business regulation, animal feed, pet food registration, New Mexico, gun control, firearm safety, dealer regulation, illegal trade, background checks, sexual crimes, statute of limitations

Transcript Highlights:

• The chair offers a committee substitute.
• The committee substitute is withdrawn and there is no objection to the bill.
• All right, the chair offers a committee substitute. Where are we?
• The committee substitute does not. The substitute brackets it only to the city of F.
• OK committee substitute is withdrawn if there's no objection. It is.

Bills: HB 767, HB 1242, HB 1373, HB 1404, HB 1708, HB 1936, HB 2041, HB 2198, HB 2270, HB 2315, HB 2415, HB 2427, HB 2455, HB 2457, HB 2522, HB 2523, HB 2686, HB 2763, HB 2775, HB 2944, HB 3034, HB 1683, HB 1695

Keywords: highway designation, memorial, Montgomery County, Paul P. Mendes, transportation, HB 1242, Texas Transportation Code, U.S. Highway 281, Brooks County, Ernesto Soliz Cantu, memorial highway, road naming, TxDOT, road signage, commemorative resolution, memorial markers, county road 304, Huppergate Road, Los Robles Trail, Farm-to-Market Road

Transcript Highlights:

• So if there's no other questions, I'll ask for a motion on the bill to adopt the committee substitute
• So if there's no other questions, I'll ask for a motion on the bill to adopt the committee substitute
• So if there's no other questions, I'll ask for a motion on the bill to adopt the committee substitute
• So if there's no other questions, I'll ask for a motion on the bill to adopt the committee substitute
• So if there's no other questions, I'll ask for a motion on the bill to adopt the committee substitute

Keywords: Meeting Start: 00:00 Roll Call: 00:06 SB24 Discussion: 01:08 SB24 Vote: 13:22 SB18 Discussion: 14:40 SB18 Vote: 21:54, 958, all

Summary: The committee met with a quorum and first took up Senate Bill 24, a measure aimed at combating property and casualty insurance fraud. Senator Girdler and witnesses from the Insurance Institute of Kentucky and the National Insurance Crime Bureau said the bill would expand the definition of a fraudulent insurance act to cover statements that misrepresent the scope of property damage or repair costs, with the goal of addressing inflated storm-damage claims and out-of-state bad actors. Members discussed whether existing prosecutors were already handling these cases, the role of Commonwealth’s attorneys versus the Attorney General, and the need to keep the bill narrowly tailored to criminal intent rather than negligence or ordinary disputes over value. The committee substitute was adopted, the bill received favorable expression, and a title amendment was also adopted. The committee then heard Senate Bill 18, which would address a shortage of insurance options for automobile dealers by allowing nonadmitted carriers to provide garage liability coverage in Kentucky. Testimony from an insurance agent and a legislative agent for Big I Kentucky described a shrinking market in which some small dealers cannot find coverage at all, risking closure. Members asked about the meaning of garage liability, consumer protections, solvency concerns, and whether more competition could lower prices; witnesses said surplus lines carriers already operate in Kentucky, agents play an important vetting role, and errors-and-omissions coverage would apply to the agent. The bill was supported as a way to preserve dealer businesses and expand coverage options, and it passed the committee with favorable expression after roll call.

Transcript Highlights:

• House Substitute 1 for House Bill 457. Thank you, Mr. Chair.
• House Substitute 1 for House Bill 457 increases the threshold required for a qualified independent appraisal
• The House substitute corrects an error in the original bill synopsis.
• The House substitute corrects an error in the original bill synopsis, H.S.1 for H.B. 457, and removes

Summary: The House Transportation Committee met with a quorum present and took up one bill, House Substitute 1 for House Bill 457, sponsored by Representative Smith. The bill would raise the appraisal threshold for certain DelDOT real property dispositions from $10,000 to $25,000, aligning it with the current Federal Highway Administration maximum and allowing smaller property sales to be processed more efficiently as values rise. Representative Smith also noted the substitute corrected the synopsis by removing “acquisitions,” since DelDOT already has authority to waive appraisals for acquisitions but not for dispositions. Brianna Kovac, DelDOT’s chief of right-of-way, testified in support, explaining that the measure would reduce the cost and time associated with disposing of property no longer needed for transportation purposes. There was no virtual public comment, and no committee member questions were recorded. The committee then voted to release the bill by roll call, with all present members voting yes and two members absent. After the motion carried, members were instructed to sign the bill backer, and the committee adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• Hearing no objection, the motions prevail, and the substitutions will be made.
• objection, the motions prevail,<00:09:27.200> and<00:09:27.360> the<00:09:27.440> substitutions
• <00:09:28.320> will<00:09:28.520> be prevail, and the substitutions will be prevail
• , and the substitutions will be made.

Keywords: 919, house, all

Summary: The House convened with prayer by Pastor Craig McLean of Grace Church in Eden Prairie, followed by the Pledge of Allegiance and a roll call establishing a quorum. The journal from the previous legislative day was approved as corrected, and comparison report motions were adopted without objection. The chamber then took up second reading of Senate File 3720 and first reading of House Files 5134 through 5139. A report from the Committee on Rules and Legislative Administration placed several bills on the calendar for Wednesday, May 13, 2026, and required pre-filing of amendments for House Files 7474, 5074, and 3067, and Senate File 4282. No substantive debate on the bills occurred in the excerpt. During announcements, Representative Niska said the Rules Committee would meet in Capitol G3 five minutes after recess, and Republicans would caucus immediately afterward. Representative Niska then moved a recess to the call of the Speaker, the motion carried, and the House recessed.

Transcript Highlights:

• Dean Zaffirini moves adoption of the committee substitute. Is there objection?
• Hearing and seeing none, the committee substitute is adopted.
• 2970 be reported to the Senate with the recommendation that it do not pass, but that the committee substitute
• And it's 206. substituted to the full Senate.

Bills: HB206, HB1238, HB2890, HB2970

Keywords: pipeline, construction, cash bond, county authority, local government, injection wells, environmental regulation, water quality, site inspection, geoscientist, satellite imagery, interstate compact, liquefied natural gas, energy resources, Gulf Coast, regulatory coordination, HB 2970, Gulf Coast Protection District, Special District Local Laws Code, governor appointment

Summary: The Senate Committee on Natural Resources met with a quorum present and took up several bills, mostly as pending business. HB 1089, creating the Gulf Coast Protection Account to be administered by the General Land Office, was laid out as the House companion to SB 795; Senator Alvarado moved it be reported favorably, and it passed the committee 8-0. The committee also adopted a committee substitute for HB 2970 and then reported it favorably 9-0, despite the motion wording recommending the substitute in lieu of the original bill. HB 2890, HB 1238, and HB 206 were each laid out and reported favorably to the full Senate by 9-0 votes. For each bill reported favorably, members also approved motions to place the bill on the local and uncontested calendar, with no objections. The transcript reflects brief procedural repetition and some garbled audio, but the actions are clear: the committee advanced all measures considered during the meeting without recorded opposition. The chair then announced there was no further business and the committee stood in recess subject to the call of the chair.

Transcript Highlights:

• Representative Biasiucci: I move that the substitute floor amendment to the Transportation amendment
• Representative Biasiucci: The substitute floor amendment to the committee amendment to Senate Bill 1624
• The question before you is whether Representative Biasiucci's substitute floor amendment to the committee
• any further discussion on zones and or running red lights very good any further discussion on the substitute
• committee amendment seeing none members question before is that the representative Biosucci is substitute

Keywords: 1182, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Current laws allow students to satisfy their one-credit PE requirement through substitutions like two
• students with disabilities by allowing them to participate in the Special Olympics as a course substitute
• Current laws allow students to satisfy their one-credit PE requirement through substitutions like two
• Olympics as a course substitute.
• So we are literally changing the bill to substitute or for and for or the other way around.

Bills: S0206, S0420, S0556

Keywords: autism, autism spectrum disorder, ASD, special education, exceptional student education, ESE, teacher preparation, educator certification, micro-credential, loan forgiveness, student loan repayment, teacher stipend, salary supplement, professional development, inclusive education, developmental disabilities, Down syndrome, behavioral disabilities, school district compensation, collective bargaining

Summary: The committee first heard SB 420, which would require portraits of George Washington and Abraham Lincoln to be prominently displayed in classrooms used for social studies and in all K-5 classrooms, with the Department of Education selecting the portraits. Senator Burgess framed the bill as a patriotic and educational measure tied to America’s 250th anniversary, while Senator Davis raised concerns about exclusivity, political precedent, and state intrusion into local classroom decisions. Senator Osgood and others asked about sensitivity to diverse student populations and whether additional figures such as Harriet Tubman could also be displayed. Burgess said the bill would not prevent other displays, emphasized the two presidents’ historical significance, and committed to funding support so the mandate would not burden districts. The committee voted the bill favorably. The committee then took up CS/SB 206 on autism education and teacher preparation. Senator Harrell’s strike-all amendment required teacher preparation programs to include autism and other neurodevelopmental disabilities, required ESE-certified teachers to complete an autism microcredential, created an autism loan forgiveness program and salary supplement provisions, and directed district professional development to include autism-specific training with local CARD centers. A second amendment removed a proposed change to the legal definition of autism so that issue could be handled separately. Senators Davis and Osgood asked about implementation timelines, grandfathering current teachers, and how the bill would affect educators already working in autism classrooms; Harrell said he was open to further discussion and wanted to ensure flexibility while still requiring the credential. Public testimony included support from Orange County Public Schools, a parent of children with autism, and others. The committee adopted the amendments and reported the bill favorably. Finally, the committee heard CS/SB 556, which allows students with disabilities to satisfy the high school physical education requirement by participating in Special Olympics for one year if included in the student’s IEP. An amendment also clarified that two years of marching band satisfies both the PE credit and a fine or performing arts credit. Supporters said the bill expands inclusive options and reduces administrative burdens, and Senator Yarborough praised the change as giving students more flexibility. The committee adopted the amendment and reported the bill favorably. The committee also took up confirmation votes for appointments in tabs 4 through 7 and recommended all of them favorably by a single roll call vote.

Transcript Highlights:

• The chair lays out as a matter of pending business, the committee substitute for Senate Bill 314.
• The committee substitute for Senate Bill 3. He has a question. Um, OK, members, um, pardon me.
• Senator Miles, moves the adoption of the committee substitute for Senate Bill 314.
• Is there an objection to adopting the committee substitute?
• Hearing none, the committee substitute is adopted. We will leave this bill pending at this time.

Bills: SB 25, SB 314

Keywords: nutrition, health standards, food labeling, education, dietary guidelines, medical education, food safety, school meals, child nutrition, food additives, public health

Transcript Highlights:

• There is a substitute. Would you like to explain the bill? Sure. Last year, we passed a bill...
• Procedurally, we'll need to address the substitute and pass that. Sure.
• Do we have any questions or comments relating to the substitute? Mr. Chairman, yes.
• Hearing none, can I get a motion on the substitute? We have a motion, and a second, and a...
• Hearing none, the substitute is passed. Now we're on to the favorable report. Do I have a motion?

Bills: HB1, HB247, HB1

Keywords: DUI, driving under the influence, ignition interlock, interlock device, driver license suspension, restricted license, motor vehicle, alcohol offense, first offense, repeat offender, blood alcohol concentration, BAC, license revocation, Alabama State Law Enforcement Agency, ALEA, public safety, traffic safety, chemical dependency, substance abuse, court referral program

Transcript Highlights:

• We've got a substitute for 431. Uh, I can go over the substitute for 431.
• We've got a substitute for 431. Uh, I can go over the substitute for 431.
• We've got a substitute for 431. Uh, I can go over the substitute for 431.
• We've got a substitute for 431. Uh, I can go over the substitute for 431.

Bills: HB179, HB354, SB57, SB137, HB431, HB179, HB354, SB57, SB137, HB431

Keywords: campus chaplain, chaplain, school chaplain, volunteer chaplain, public schools, public K-12 education, public charter schools, local control, teacher support, student support services, religious volunteer, faith-based support, church-state separation, background check, sex offender registry, school volunteer, education policy, district attorney, compensation, constitutional amendment

Transcript Highlights:

• It is my intent to lay out the substitute and a separate amendment to address funding.
• So with that, I'll offer up this committee's substitute.
• I want to walk through the substitute and let you read it, answer questions, and then ultimately pass
• Therefore, members, I move adoption of the substitute following amendment to the amendment.
• You just substitute it because it got here faster. That is correct. Okay.

Bills: HB1, HB 2, HB 3, HB 5, HB20, HB 22, HB 1, HB 2, HB 3, HB 5, HB 20, HB 22

Keywords: youth camps, emergency preparedness, safety standards, health regulations, camp licensing, disaster preparedness, emergency management, flooding, mass fatality, mass casualty, fatality tracking, body recovery, autopsy, justice of the peace, medical examiner, county judge, sheriff, mayor, emergency coordinator, emergency manager license

Transcript Highlights:

• Chairman Lujan offers a committee substitute to HB4483. Thank you, Mr.
• The committee's substitute for House Bill 4483 simply addresses these concerns.
• Vice Chair Harris-Davila offers the committee substitute to HB875. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
• Yeah, the committee substitute lowers it to municipalities with under a 20,000 population.
• Vice Chair Bhojani offers a committee substitute to HB5545. I clear the dais.

Bills: HB875, HB1667, HB2369, HB3844, HB4415, HB4479, HB4483, HB4676, HB5118, HB5400, HB5545

Keywords: workers' compensation, municipal construction, bidding requirements, small municipalities, contracting policies, first responders, PTSD, mental health, emergency services, medical expenses, injury claims, insurance carriers, opportunity youth, workforce development, employment, education, federal funds, employment discrimination, immunity waiver, public employees