Transcript Highlights:

• Just, um, real quick again, Jackie Steel, attorney, 27th Judicial Circuit.
• There's protections in the judicial system for that material so it doesn't get out.
• <00:13:57.519> Um<00:13:58.639> again attorney 27th Judicial Circuit.
• Um again attorney 27th Judicial Circuit.
• There's protections<00:14:40.000> in<00:14:40.399> the<00:14:40.639> judicial<00

Keywords: 958, all

Summary: The House Judiciary Committee met for its third meeting of the 2026 session and considered three bills. House Bill 50, relating to the removal of persons unlawfully occupying real property, was presented by Rep. Emily Callaway, who said it built on last session’s House Bill 10 addressing squatter-related criminal trespass and noted positive implementation feedback from law enforcement. The committee took no substantive testimony against the bill and passed it 16-0, reporting it favorably. House Bill 249, relating to involuntary commitment, was introduced by Rep. Mitch Whitaker and would expand current involuntary commitment provisions to include sexual abuse in the first degree. Whitaker and Commonwealth’s Attorney Jackie Steel argued the change was needed because some defendants charged with sexual offenses not currently covered could otherwise be released without treatment or supervision, creating a public safety risk. Rep. Burke passed on the vote to continue the conversation but said he expected to support it on the floor. The committee passed the bill 15-0 with one pass and reported it favorably. House Bill 305, relating to grand jury service, was presented by Rep. Candy Maserone and supported by Sheri Ballard, who described the impact of the Crystal Rogers case and said secretly recorded grand jury testimony had gone unaddressed because the statute of limitations was too short. The committee substitute extended the limitations period for secretly recorded grand jury testimony to 10 years, set a five-year period for unrecorded communications, and added discovery-related language. Jackie Steel supported the bill but asked for an exemption or clarification so prosecutors could perform grand jury duties without risking felony charges; members discussed secrecy, witness safety, and obstruction concerns. The committee adopted the substitute and passed HB 305 17-0, reporting it favorably as the Crystal Rogers Act.

Transcript Highlights:

• INDIVIDUALS, OR ARE YOU USING JUDICIAL WARRANTS?
• THERE IS NO PROVISION FOR A JUDICIAL WARRANT.
• AND THEY CAN'T BE JUDICIAL. >> Sen.
• Gruters: WE ARE UPPING THE RANKING TO A LEVEL IV IN TERMS OF THAT RANKING SYSTEM INSIDE THE JUDICIAL
• EVERYTHING COMES DOWN TO THE AMOUNT OF POINTS WHEN YOU'RE OR IN FRONT OF THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM AND I AM

Keywords: 999, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• beginning on page one under the Supreme Court, House File 3432 includes, on line seven, security for judicial
• A judicial security unit that's two FTE positions on line eight of $312,000 per year.
• 10:06.800> court, Um, moving down to the appeals court, there is $60,000 for security for judicial
• Under the district courts, there is $843,000 in fiscal year 27 for security for judicial officials, with
• And Madam Chair, that brings us to public safety. judicial officials with $467,000 judicial officials

Keywords: 919, house, all

Summary: The Conference Committee on Senate File 3432 met on May 15, 2026, and first approved a motion to continue meeting past midnight. Members then reviewed the public safety and judiciary budget agreement, including funding for non-fatal shooting clearance grants, a domestic violence task force, services for released adults and juveniles, trafficking prevention for youth, corrections bed impacts from assault and theft-related provisions, increased Philando Castile training reimbursements, and transfers into the Victims of Crime Account. The committee also noted that some items were removed because they had already passed as stand-alone bills, including impersonation of a peace officer and the grooming penalty, and that the first responder uniform ID task force would not be funded in this bill. Policy provisions discussed for the public safety side included a domestic violence response task force, trafficking and sexual exploitation prevention grants, juvenile re-entry services, the Minnesota clearance grant program, the Philando Castile Memorial Training Fund, confidentiality for victim statements to the Clemency Review Commission, the fourth-degree assault amendment for hospital or clinic security guards, the enhanced penalty for theft from a vulnerable adult, child sexual abuse material venue and evidence provisions, and revised language on prediction markets and the Attorney General’s administrative subpoena authority. The chair also said the committee had to make late fixes to some stakeholder-requested changes and expressed frustration about the timing. The committee then reviewed the safety and security budget agreement, which included funding for judicial security, a judicial security unit, security threat response, safe and secure courthouse grants, appeals court and district court security, state patrol deficiency funding, capital security screening and enhancements, legislative protective services, BCA threat assessment and investigation, a security services task force, legislative security reimbursements, and security for constitutional officers. The agreement also included technical court reallocation adjustments and DNR carry-forward authority for certain non-budgeted public safety costs incurred in 2026. After no public testimony was offered, the committee adopted both the public safety budget agreement and the safety and security budget agreement, directed non-partisan staff to prepare the conference committee report with technical and conforming changes, and then adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• The officers who wield the judicial power of the state. state of Texas.
• The Judicial Compensation Commission has recommended a 30% increase in the base pay. for judges this
• Do it because you have a... constitutional obligation to fund the judicial branch at a level that allows
• Constitution makes the Supreme Court responsible for the efficient administration of the judicial branch
• Back quickly to the topic of judicial pay, he had to leave the bench. bench many years ago to help send

Keywords: 1184, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• And so that's a judicial branch function.
• But if the bill requires a judicial officer to sign a citation, then it's forcing a judicial officer
• So signing a summons is a judicial function. Signing the...
• So is signing a summons a judicial function? Signing the summons is.
• error, just like not signing a search warrant is a judicial error.

Bills: HB2056, HB2057, HB2224, HB2257, HB2265, HB2311, HB2352, HB2367, HB2369, HB2446, HB2532, HB2592, HB2752, HB2809, HB2957

Keywords: brackish water, groundwater, desalination, water resources, feasibility study, environmental impact, special plates, centennial, Arizona Department of Transportation, vehicle registration, commercial discounts, Arizona Centennial, produce incentive, agriculture, economic support, funding, Arizona, boating, watercraft licensing, law enforcement

Summary: The committee approved the March 10, 2026 minutes and then considered several bills. HB 2056, appropriating $100,000 for an Arizona Department of Water Resources feasibility study on brackish groundwater desalination, passed 6-3 despite concerns that it could encourage more groundwater pumping and worsen subsidence or impacts to tribal lands. HB 2057, which lowers the Arizona Centennial Special Plate renewal fee from $25 to $20, also received a do-pass recommendation, 7-2, with some members objecting to the special plate’s focus and the reduced fee. HB 2224, appropriating $1 million annually to DES for the produce incentive program, drew strong support from nonprofit and food-access advocates who said the Double Up Food Bucks program helps families, farmers, and local markets; it passed 9-0. HB 2257, changing the allocation of watercraft registration revenues among the Watercraft Licensing Fund, Lake Improvement Fund, and boating safety/law enforcement funds, passed 6-3 after criticism that the bill was heard without a sponsor present and concern about shifting money away from Game and Fish. HB 2265, barring courts from charging defendants for public defender or court-appointed counsel costs and related criminal-case fees, passed 7-1 amid debate over constitutionality, cost shifting to counties, and whether the bill should be amended to offset lost revenue. The committee then took up HB 2311, which imposes disclosure, content, parental-control, and self-harm response requirements on publicly available conversational AI services for minors. The sponsor and supporters framed it as child protection, while opponents warned about privacy, surveillance, and overbroad definitions; an Epstein amendment expanding the bill to broader conversational technology was rejected, and the bill passed 7-2. HB 2752, moving authority over international trade offices from the Arizona Commerce Authority to legislative appropriations and reporting, passed 6-3 after a proposed data-and-research amendment was also rejected. Finally, HB 2957, requiring ADOT to continue offering non-REAL ID licenses and limiting biometric collection and data sharing, prompted extensive testimony for and against; supporters emphasized privacy and choice, while opponents warned it could conflict with federal CDL and REAL ID requirements. The transcript cuts off during the discussion of HB 2957, before a final vote is shown.

Transcript Highlights:

• That volume of orders over the last 5 to 10 years has grown significantly from the judicial system, which
• So with that capacity, that's essentially the number of beds that we are trying to serve the judicial
• significantly from the judicial system. significantly from the judicial system. uh<00:11:41.120>
• /c><00:12:14.959> to<00:12:15.200> serve<00:12:15.600> the<00:12:15.920> judicial
• <00:12:16.320> system are trying to serve the judicial system are trying to serve the judicial

Bills: SF0010, SF0005

Keywords: mental health, detention, competency evaluation, treatment, contractual agreements, bankruptcy, hospital, county, healthcare, financial stability, 916, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Second, we're doing this in a judicious way with our budgeting, making these investments in a manner
• Second, we're doing this in a judicious Second, we're doing this in a judicious way<00:04:42.680
• and furthermore, these reforms I think are in the interest of more transparency and oversight and judicious
• Sort of addressing housing instability, this is a judicious and smart way to utilize these resources.
• and furthermore, these reforms I think are in the interest of more transparency and oversight and judicious

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• I'd like to point out that this stemmed out of a Judicial Council recommendation regarding court security
• I know many of you worked on the previous judicial security bill.
• This bill is the one missing piece of our Texas judicial security laws.
• Judicial and Courthouse Security Act, actually of 2017.
• occur, when disputes resort to litigation involving trade secrets, the information involved in the judicial

Bills: HB223

Keywords: municipal budget, county budget, local government finance, spending cap, expenditure limit, inflation plus population growth, taxpayer impact statement, budget transparency, property tax, fees, Legislative Budget Board, voter approval, disaster spending, fiscal restraint, Texas Local Government Code, city budget, county expenditures, 1185, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• bill today, but, uh, we show him registered as Philip McFurlough registering as, uh, um, the 106th judicial
• They are part of the judicial system, a valuable part of the judicial system.
• , how many judges do, do you have a sense of how many judges across the state are actually doing judicial
• know, it's a big part of the local program when you, when you're trying to be expeditious on your Judicial
• They, they do quite a bit of, of judicial work in addition, probably some other things that I left off

Transcript Highlights:

• In the past it's came through Judicial. So it did two years ago.
• I'm the state court administrator for the Wyoming judicial branch.
• I'm the state court administrator for the Wyoming judicial branch.
• Judicial deference, Representative Webb. Thank you. I think Mr. Jackson is online for that.
• Uh, yeah, any questions on judicial deference for Mr. Jackson? No.

Keywords: 916, all

Summary: The Judiciary Interim Committee met under time constraints and asked members to rank interim topics for a letter to Management Council. The committee then took brief public testimony on a series of proposed study topics, with no formal votes recorded in the transcript. Early testimony focused on landlord eviction rights, where speakers said the court eviction process is too slow, can worsen housing shortages, and leaves landlords unable to recover rent, fees, or damage costs. The foster care topic was presented as a request to examine whether the system gives too much weight to reunification and not enough to the child’s best interests, especially for younger children. A Blue Envelope Program proposal was also discussed; supporters said it would help law enforcement communicate with autistic or otherwise communication-challenged individuals during traffic stops and emergencies, and improve consistency statewide. The committee also heard a proposal to study Wyoming’s homicide-by-vehicle statute, with testimony from a constituent whose mother was killed by a repeat dangerous driver. Speakers argued the current law leaves a gap because prior DUIs, high-risk driving history, and other aggravating factors do not meaningfully affect charging unless intoxication or extreme conduct is present. Related testimony from Wyoming Pathways said the change should be a tool in the toolbox for prosecutors and could improve safety for pedestrians and drivers. Senator Cooper then raised campaign finance reform and dark money, urging a resolution asking Wyoming’s congressional delegation to seek a constitutional amendment to overturn Citizens United and restore state control over election spending transparency. Additional topics included a request from the Wyoming Livestock Board to review peace officer statutes so its investigators could act on felonies committed in their presence or prevent imminent bodily harm, while remaining within their current duties and certification. Representative Lee asked for review of non-disclosure agreements in public-private partnerships and executive sessions so the public can eventually understand how such agreements were used. Senator Pearson asked for interim consideration of shared custody amendments, saying fit parents should have a fair opportunity for shared parenting after separation. Representative Storer proposed revisiting DUI penalties, especially for refusal of chemical testing, arguing that refusal often prevents prosecution and that the law should impose treatment and license suspension consequences. The committee also heard a request to review statutes involving political parties, and the state court administrator asked for interim study of remote public access to court records, citing ongoing automation efforts, privacy concerns, and funding needs.

Transcript Highlights:

• Judicial branch um did not important.
• :42:58.400> repurposed the judicial branch has repurposed the judicial branch has repurposed several
• 14 through 17, there's two judicial 14 through 17, there's two judicial branch<00:44:26.000>
• <00:44:38.160> Those judicial branch projects there.
• Those judicial branch projects there.

Keywords: 1191, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• First, the bill clarifies a duty judge requirement enacted in 1935 to reflect that each judicial circuit
• And finally, the bill creates an alternative option for judicial authentication of oaths, affidavits,
• Five, to reflect that each judicial circuit currently, excuse me, to reflect that each judicial circuit
• And finally, the bill creates an alternative option for judicial authentication of oaths, affidavits,
• For judicial authentication of oaths, affidavits, and acknowledgments in circumstances where a court

Summary: The Senate Judiciary Committee heard three bills. SB 514, by Senator Harrell, clarified that medical quality review committees used by managing entities are treated like other medical review committees for purposes of civil liability and public records protections. The committee adopted a Harrell amendment removing the word “malpractice” from the title, heard support from the Florida Hospital Association, Florida Association of Managing Entities, and Florida Smart Justice Alliance, and then voted 11-0 to report the bill favorably. The committee then took up SB 734, by Senator Yarborough, which would repeal the current wrongful death exception that bars certain parents and adult children from recovering non-economic damages in medical negligence cases. The bill drew extensive testimony from families describing deaths they said were caused by medical negligence and from supporters including AARP and the Florida Justice Association, while opponents from the health care, insurance, and business sectors argued it would raise malpractice premiums, increase litigation, worsen physician shortages, and reduce access to care. After debate, the committee voted 9-2 to report the bill favorably. Finally, SB 538, by Senator Bradley, was presented as the state courts legislative package. It updates court operations by clarifying duty judge requirements, removing a location limit on duty hearings, repealing a cap on arbitrator compensation in court-ordered non-binding arbitration, and allowing alternative judicial authentication of oaths and acknowledgments when a court seal is unavailable. The bill received supportive waiver forms from the Florida Bar ADR section and several judges, and was reported favorably on an 11-0 vote. The committee then adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• Our solution is a $45 million judicial building on land that the county already owns.
• Our solution is a $45 million judicial Our solution is a $45 million judicial building<00:32:19.200
• that there's no sales tax exemption for construction materials for judicial centers.
• construction materials for uh judicial construction materials for uh judicial centers.<00:37:36.720
• like a jail but not for quote a judicial like a jail but not for quote a judicial center.<00:38:

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• But trauma does not operate on a legislative timeline, neither does disclosure.
• I'd be happy to provide those judicial opinions and the accompanying legal briefs so you have the full

Keywords: 1146, all

Transcript Highlights:

• strides in improving foster youth education, requiring key data reporting along with establishing timelines
• also establish a clearer line of communication between the OCA and the executive, legislative, and judicial

Keywords: 995, all

Summary: The Joint Committee on Children, Families, and Persons with Disabilities heard testimony on a wide range of bills affecting foster youth, child welfare oversight, homelessness services, juvenile justice, social work licensure, and human services workforce supports. Committee co-chairs Senator Robyn Kennedy and Representative Jay Livingstone opened the hybrid hearing by outlining testimony procedures and accessibility measures. Several members and legislators participated throughout the day, and many witnesses were invited to submit additional written testimony after speaking. A major portion of the hearing focused on House 227/Senate 105, which would protect federal benefits owed to children in foster care. Supporters, including advocates from Hopewell, the Disability Law Center, CPCS, the Children’s Law Center, More Than Words, Friends of Children, and youth witness Onyx Rosario, said DCF had already ended the practice of taking most Social Security and SSI benefits and now conserves them in accounts for youth, but argued the policy should be codified to prevent future reversals. Witnesses described how conserved benefits help with basic needs, housing, education, transportation, and transition to adulthood, and several noted the bill also adds financial literacy and transparency requirements. Senator Joan Comerford and others said the change would protect vulnerable youth, especially children of color, LGBTQ youth, and youth with disabilities. The committee also heard testimony on House 225, which would expand the grandparents-raising-grandchildren commission by adding appointments and helping with quorum and representation. The committee also took testimony on Senate 136, which would improve emergency housing assistance for families experiencing homelessness by easing documentation requirements, allowing use of existing state data to verify eligibility, requiring notice before benefit reductions, and creating an ombudsperson. Senator Adam Gomez and other supporters said the bill would reduce barriers for families in crisis. On House 262/Senate 148, an omnibus child welfare bill, witnesses supported provisions on data reporting, education coordination, and Office of the Child Advocate reforms, while CPCS raised concerns about expanded access to sensitive records and the OCA’s role in certain proceedings. The Office of the Child Advocate supported codifying current practices and also backed child fatality review changes in House 234/Senate 133. The committee additionally heard support for Senate 108, which would require attorneys and audio/video recording during juvenile custodial interrogations, and for House 247/Senate 116, which would update the Juvenile Justice Policy and Data Board to add supported lived-experience seats. Finally, the committee heard competing testimony on Senate 135, a bill to ensure parity in social work licensure. SEIU Local 509 and supporters argued the current exam requirement disproportionately harms Black, Latino, multilingual, and multicultural applicants and worsens workforce shortages, while the Association of Social Work Boards opposed the bill, saying the exam is a necessary public-protection measure and that removing it would conflict with interstate compact efforts. The hearing also included testimony in support of a loan repayment program for human service workers, with providers and workers describing low wages, high student debt, and the need to retain staff in essential services. No votes or final committee actions were taken during the hearing itself.

Transcript Highlights:

• All options must include proposed statutory changes, specify data, and analysis of costs and timelines
• So it occurs when there's an intentional deception in the judicial system, thereby corrupting the integrity

Keywords: 987, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• So I just, I'm trying to get a better handle on kind of that timeline, result, and impact.
• We've been... ...I think we've been judicious and sometimes quick to accept federal funding, particularly

Bills: LB878, LB958, LB958A, LB762, LB1187, LB966, LB929, LB962, LB1209, LB937A, LB962A, LB1050, LB1050A, LB965, LB1022, LB753, LB788, LB913, LB1055, LB1195, LB429, LB721, LB722, LB727, LB745, LB749, LB778, LR293, LR296, LR422, LR495, LR496, LR497, LR498, LR499, LR500, LR501, LR502, LR503, LR504

Keywords: paid parental leave, state employees, workplace benefits, family support, economic impact, Medicaid, Medical Assistance Act, home and community-based services waiver, HCBS waiver, waiver participant, assessment tool, clinical interviewing, service tier, retroactive coverage, doula, doula reimbursement, maternal health, prenatal care, pregnancy, birth outcomes

Transcript Highlights:

• It's very simple; it again does not take away from magistrates' or judicial discretion to make that determination
• failure to submit this report, which is formulated according to the size of the hospital and the timeline

Bills: HJR1, HB9, HB21, HB26, HB30, HB37, HB116, HB630, HB879, HB913, HB1151, HB1318, HB1593, HB1899, HB2703, HB2809, HB2890, HB2970, HB3307, HB3526, HB5092, SB128, SB203, SB317, SB393, SB397, SB644, SB731, SB801, SB913, SB1071, SB1073, SB1086, SB1087, SB1232, SB1250, SB1262, SB1285, SB1310, SB1359, SB1444, SB1483, SB1705, SB1782, SB1861, SB1897, SB1944, SB2023, SB2043, SB2082, SB2133, SB2215, SB2297, SB2298, SB2309, SB2532, SB2549, SB2566, SB2617, SB2619, SB2639, SB2688, SB2696, SB2717, SB2790, SB2841, SB2847, SB2850, SB2857, SB2891, SB2919, SB2928, SB2972, SB3052, SB3053, SB1, SB260, SB1506, SB1637, HB37, HB109, HB334, HB1130, HB1238, HB1327, HB1610, HB1615, HB1620, HB1689, HB2081, HB2809, HB2884, HB2890, HB4215, HB5092, HCR7, HCR75, HCR86, HCR92, HCR93, HCR126, SB644, SB1086, SB1230, SB1310, SB1361, SB1553, SB1778, SB1790, SB2344, SB2460, SB2515, SB2600, SB2747, SB2751, SB2785, SB2790, SB3047, SB3048, SB3050, SB3051, SB3052, SB3053, SB3056, SB3058, SB3061, HJR1, HB1130, HB1689, HB2884, HB1393, HB2559, HB26, HB3012, HB1327, HB109, HB1238, HB2890, HB9, HB4215, HB2970, HB37, HB1899, HB1593, HB2607, HB3526, HB3810, HB5092, HB388, HB2809, HB1151, HB913, HB3307, HB879, HB116, HB12, HB2703, HB1610, HB1615, HB1620, HB30, HB21, HB2712, HB2692, HB1633, HB1318, HB685, HB630, HB4753, HB2742, HB303, HB198, HB1535, HB762, HB148, HB1520, HB5061, HB2286, HB1606, HB1041, HB132, HB11, HCR7, HCR75, HCR86, HCR92, HCR93, HCR126, SJR36, SJR50, SJR63, SCR12, SCR39, SB2023, SB1310, SB2972, SB1073, SB2847, SB2532, SB2619, SB62, SB666, SB847, SB284, SB854, SB810, SB1505, SB583, SB507, SB1434, SB1772, SB2016, SB1122, SB731, SB397, SB508, SB1436, SB287, SB1882, SB393, SB1791, SB209, SB2429, SB511, SB2309, SB1085, SB1975, SB2717, SB1262, SB636, SB2056, SB884, SB1200, SB1845, SB2458, SB801, SB3014, SB3013, SB758, SB2797, SB2076, SB2876, SB1640, SB1449, SB1181, SB1359, SB1234, SB2926, SB2841, SB1528, SB2891, SB1854, SB317, SB1250, SB2082, SB1285, SB1237, SB2819, SB629, SB2608, SB1602, SB2009, SB2460, SB867, SB640, SB1698, SB2680, SB2994, SB2747, SB913, SB1071, SB1086, SB1087, SB1483, SB1444, SB1553, SB1556, SB1703, SB2133, SB2297, SB2298, SB2622, SB2955, SB2334, SB1861, SB2043, SB1367, SB2857, SB128, SB3058, SB2044, SB2363, SB2565, SB1888, SB3048, SB3052, SB3053, SB3036, SB3057, SB3056, SB3043, SB3050, SB3063, SB3035, SB1790, SB1778, SB203, SB3061, SB2799, SB2790, SB2688, SB2515, SB1230, SB2522, SB2639, SB2459, SB3051, SB2655, SB2251, SB1884, SB2617, SB2751, SB2928, SB2566, SB1897, SB1749, SB1361, SB2549, SB2553, SB2919, SB1782, SB1705, SB2696, SB1944, SB2215, SB644, SB1232, SB2850, HB45, HB48, HB1261, HB1465, HB1778, HB2596, HB5238, HB33, HB1188, HB210, HB1022, HB1458, HB5560, HB1240, HB1950, HB2027, HB2768, HB2788, HB2791, HB3146, HB3698, HB3699, HB1893, HB3700, HB4850, HB4187, HB1397, HB4885, HB4804, HB3751, HB3611, HB2775, HB2061, HB2003, HB1729, HB1242, HB791, HB2029, HB647, HB2522, HB4738, HB3033, HB3594, HB3474, HB2563, HB2802, HCR90, SJR87, SB2969, SB3073, SB2497, SB1798, SB2603, SB2607, SB781

Keywords: constitutional amendment, property tax, ad valorem tax, tax exemption, tangible personal property, income-producing property, business personal property, equipment exemption, machinery, local government finance, school district revenue, county taxes, Texas Constitution, Article VIII, tax relief, commercial property, appraisal district, chief appraiser, rendition statement, property tax relief

Transcript Highlights:

• to removal of judicial to removal of judicial discretion well I'm always going to be discretion well
• discretion we do it over and judicial discretion we do it over and judicial discretion we do it over
• for judicial for judicial discretion discretion discretion um I'm not sure like where that comes um
• vesting discretion from the judicial vesting discretion from the judicial branch is it the judicial
• branch what branch is it the judicial branch what branch is it the judicial branch what what are the

Keywords: 1136, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• It strengthens our entire judicial system by ensuring it reflects the diversity of the communities it
• well as the deference given to the interpretation of laws and rules by state agencies in certain judicial
• Without judicial deference as a safeguard, a truly independent panel is our next best defense, one that
• the bill is acting in some part of the state agency rulemaking process from rule promulgation to judicial
• This is not a radical idea without judicial deference as a safeguard.