Video & Transcript Research : 'judgment enforcement'
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TX
Transcript Highlights:
- and prosecutors not to enforce our state drug laws.
- This finding must be entered into the judgment of the case.
- Several law enforcement groups worked with this.
- The Texas Commission on Law Enforcement believes standardized regulations would help law enforcement
- I support law enforcement.
Bills:
SB552, SB1099, SB1124, SB1208, SB1372, SB1506, SB1667, SB1804, SB1806, SB1870, SB1936, SB1937, SB2180, SB2405, SB2569, SB2570, SB1646
Keywords:
community supervision, criminal justice, illegal alien, deferred adjudication, Texas Code of Criminal Procedure, SB 1099, undocumented immigrant, unauthorized immigrant, immigration status, felony sentencing enhancement, criminal penalty increase, Texas Penal Code, Code of Criminal Procedure, affirmative finding, judgment finding, deportation, public safety, immigration enforcement, sentencing reform, felony offense
Summary:
The committee heard a series of criminal justice bills, beginning with SB 1870 and SB 1727, both of which were adopted as committee substitutes and reported favorably to the full Senate. SB 1870 would bar local governments from adopting policies that decriminalize controlled substances or direct officials not to enforce state drug laws, with civil penalties enforced by the Attorney General for violations. SB 1727 was described as a technical change to make the draft a formal Legislative Council version of a TDCJ-related assault bill; both bills were also sent to the local and uncontested calendar.
The committee then took up SB 2405, the major Sunset bill for TDCJ, the Board of Pardons and Paroles, Windham School District, and the Correctional Managed Health Care Committee. Senator Parker explained that the bill continues and modernizes those agencies, requires a 10-year facilities and staffing plan, expands rehabilitation and reentry programming, improves parole-board consistency and training, and codifies various cleanup and inspector general recommendations. Sunset staff and agency witnesses discussed the bill’s data-sharing, program coordination, and projected savings from reducing delays in parole-voted programming; public witnesses generally supported the post-secondary education and reentry provisions, while some urged stronger statutory direction for Windham and more reform to medically recommended intensive supervision. The bill was left pending.
SB 1804, SB 1099, SB 2569, and SB 2570 were also heard. SB 1804 would allow restitution for tattoo removal for human trafficking survivors and remove the age restriction so adult survivors can qualify; it was reported favorably and sent to the local calendar. SB 1099 would increase penalties for certain felony offenses when committed by a person determined to be unlawfully present in the country; immigration and civil rights witnesses opposed it as overbroad and difficult to administer, but it was reported favorably. SB 2569 would modernize unmanned aircraft reporting by requiring law enforcement agencies to post reports on public websites; it passed unanimously and was sent to the local calendar. SB 2570 would create a defense to prosecution for peace officers and correctional guards using less-lethal force weapons within the scope of their training; law enforcement witnesses supported it, civil rights and prosecutor witnesses raised concerns that it was too broad and could weaken existing use-of-force standards, and the bill was left pending for further work.
AL
Alabama 2026 1st Special Session
Alabama House Ways and Means General Fund Committee Special Session 2026 May 5th, 2026
Ways and Means General Fund
Transcript Highlights:
- When legal standards around vote dilution and discriminatory impact become harder to enforce, the risk
- discriminatory impact become<00:36:57.920>
harder <00:36:58.200>to <00:36:58.320>enforce - ,<00:36:59.160>
the <00:36:59.320>risk <00:36:59.600>is become harder to enforce - , the risk is become harder to enforce, the risk is not<00:36:59.960>
theoretical.
Bills:
HB1
Keywords:
HB1, Alabama, elections, primary election, special primary, runoff, congressional districts, redistricting, reapportionment, district boundaries, federal court, injunction, judgment, Governor proclamation, nominee certification, party nominee, general election 2026, election calendar, voting rights, congressional race
Summary:
The Ways and Means General Fund Committee met in special session and took up only one bill, HB 1 by Rep. Chris Pringle, which would authorize a special election for certain congressional districts if the federal court lifts its injunction and allows the state to use the 2023 congressional map. Pringle said the bill only creates a pathway for that special election, and members were told the fiscal note estimates the election could cost about $4.5 million from the General Fund. Committee discussion focused on whether the bill was tied to recent federal court and Supreme Court rulings, including Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act and the Purcell principle, and whether it would be too close to an election or create confusion.
Several committee members pressed Pringle on whether the bill would reduce Black representation, whether Alabama had agreed not to revisit redistricting until 2030, and whether the 2023 map had previously been found discriminatory. Pringle repeatedly said he was not offering legal advice and that the matter was pending in federal court, while also saying the bill would simply allow voters to use the legislature’s 2023 map if the courts permit it. Rep. Ford raised concerns about the cost to the General Fund and competing budget priorities, and Rep. All questioned the timing and possible administrative confusion. Pringle responded that citizens would still be able to vote for candidates of their choosing.
During the public hearing, speakers overwhelmingly opposed the bill. Jamaal Brown, Kenneth Sharpton, Eliza Jane Franklin, Pastor Richard Williams, Rep. Givan, Jacoby Bibbs, and Agnes Lover argued that the proposal would weaken Black voting power, revive a map they described as unfair or racist, and create unnecessary disruption so close to an election. Several speakers framed the issue as one of civil rights, fair representation, and trust in democracy, while others criticized the cost and said the legislature should focus on broader needs such as health care and mental health. No vote or final committee action was taken in the portion of the meeting provided.
AZ
Arizona 2026 Regular Session
01/28/2026 - House Transportation & Infrastructure
Transportation & Infrastructure
Transcript Highlights:
- of the judgment to ADOT.
- lifted or the judgment is affirmed by... ...related to the court's judgment until the stay is lifted
- or the judgment is affirmed by an appellate court.
- But the moment that they lose, ADOT begins enforcement of... ...that they lose, ADOT begins enforcement
- So we get money for law enforcement—that's about 100 law enforcement officers paid for by DPS.
Bills:
HB2003, HB2057, HB2109, HB2111, HB2112, HB2114, HB2256, HB2259, HB2317, HB2323, HB2398, HB2443, HB2446, HB2574
Keywords:
driver education, instruction permit, underage drivers, motorcycle licenses, traffic regulations, special plates, centennial, Arizona Department of Transportation, vehicle registration, commercial discounts, Arizona Centennial, distracted driving, portable wireless communication devices, motorcycles, traffic safety, civil penalties, driver license, examinations, motorcycle awareness, public safety
Summary:
The committee heard a presentation from New Core Steel on its Arizona operations, emphasizing its Kingman facility, recycled-scrap steel production, high-paying jobs, safety improvements, veteran hiring, community investments, and support for infrastructure projects. Members asked about safety gains, expansion plans, scrap sources, and average pay. The company said it has invested heavily in Arizona and asked legislators to consider local steel and manufacturing when funding transportation and infrastructure projects.
The committee then took up several bills. HB 2574 would delay ADOT enforcement of a traffic judgment while an appeal is pending; the sponsor and a witness said it would close a due-process gap, and it passed 7-0. HB 2057 would lower the fee for Arizona Centennial special plates for fleet vehicles to encourage more purchases supporting the Arizona Mining, Mineral, Natural Resource Education Museum; it also passed 7-0 after discussion about possibly expanding the concept to other specialty plates.
HB 2109 would raise penalties for repeat distracted-driving violations and add an enhanced penalty when a violation results in a motorcycle crash. The sponsor and motorcycle advocates argued stronger fines are needed, but several members also wanted an education component; the committee agreed to work on a COW amendment and the bill passed 7-0. HB 2317, which would bar local governments from prohibiting cruising, drew strong testimony both for and against: supporters framed cruising as cultural and historical, while opponents from neighborhoods and law enforcement described congestion, blocked streets, sanitation issues, and safety concerns. The chair held the bill for further work. The committee also heard HB 2003, which would lower the age to get an instruction permit to 15 and extend permit periods and supervised-driving requirements; the sponsor and a motorcycle advocate said more supervised time would improve teen safety, while some members expressed concern about lowering the age and wanted to discuss changes before moving it forward.
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Commerce Committee Meeting - 2025-04-01
Commerce Finance and Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- this notice, if you in bad faith take action to frustrate the execution levy, thus requiring the judgment
- creditor to petition the court to resolve the problem, you will be liable to the judgment creditor for
- The problem is the Office... lacks the statutory ability to help beyond aiding law enforcement who may
- There's a regulatory and policy enforcement that's another arm that we don't control.
- Enforcement—that's another arm that we don't control.
Keywords:
garnishment, wage garnishment, earnings levy, bank levy, execution, judgment debtor, judgment creditor, exemption notice, exempt property, bank account freeze, financial institution levy, employer disclosure, garnishee, writ of execution, debt collection, consumer debt, collections, bankruptcy exemptions, public benefits, means-tested benefits
MN
Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session
House Commerce Finance and Policy Committee 4/1/25
Commerce Finance and Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- of this notice, you in bad faith take action to frustrate the execution levy, thus requiring the judgment
- You will be liable to the judgment creditor for costs and reasonable attorneys' fees, plus an amount
- :02:51.560>
thus <00:02:51.840>requiring <00:02:52.360>the <00:02:52.519>Judgment - Levy thus requiring the Judgment Levy thus requiring the Judgment creditor<00:02:53.440>
to - The problem is the office lacks the statutory ability to help, beyond aiding law enforcement who may
Keywords:
garnishment, wage garnishment, earnings levy, bank levy, execution, judgment debtor, judgment creditor, exemption notice, exempt property, bank account freeze, financial institution levy, employer disclosure, garnishee, writ of execution, debt collection, consumer debt, collections, bankruptcy exemptions, public benefits, means-tested benefits
LA
Bills:
HR38, HR96, HR160, HCR31, HCR61, HB578, HB668, HB1198, SCR19, SB66, SB68, SB76, SB139, SB336, SB475
Keywords:
privacy rights, surveillance, USA Patriot Act, FISA, Fourth Amendment, civil liberties, government oversight, civil bench warrants, judgment debtors, notification process, judgment debtor examination, Louisiana State Law Institute, property transfer, public records doctrine, bad faith, real estate law, HCR 31, House Concurrent Resolution 31, foreign entities, foreign corporation
OK
Oklahoma 2026 Regular Session
Commerce and Economic Development Oversight Apr 14th, 2026 at 03:00 pm
Commerce & Economic Development Oversight
Transcript Highlights:
- And so I'm like, because I'm not a law enforcement person...
- Because I'm not a law enforcement person, and that's why I'm asking, what circumstances, what possible
- This is a charity enforcement bill.
Keywords:
bail bondsman, bondsman license, multicounty agent bondsman, surety bondsman, Insurance Commissioner, bail bond regulation, bond deposit, forfeiture, deposit ratio, writing capacity, license transfer, power of attorney, surety bond, bail industry, Oklahoma insurance law, financial solvency, administrative action, SB1061, Oklahoma Secure and Fair Enforcement for Mortgage Licensing Act, SAFE Act
OK
Oklahoma 2026 Regular Session
Appropriations and Budget Public Safety Subcommittee Feb 11th, 2026 at 04:30 pm
Public Safety
Transcript Highlights:
- The cogs have come to me and asked me to run one for law enforcement now to do the same thing with law
- Enforcement.
- hire one person for each cog to go out and work with to get grants and equipment for rural law enforcement
- This bill says rural law enforcement. I looked at the map of these 11.
- If I were the person hired to do that, I would be looking at the rural law enforcement areas in that
Keywords:
rural law enforcement, grant fund, public safety, financial assistance, coordination districts, grant funding, law enforcement coordinators, municipal assistance, education, inmates, literacy, high school equivalency, Department of Corrections, parole, rehabilitation, law enforcement, mandatory training, mental health, domestic violence, peace officer certification
OK
Transcript Highlights:
- Would you agree that this is cleanup language to help our DMVs along with law enforcement make the event
Keywords:
rural law enforcement, grant fund, public safety, financial assistance, coordination districts, grant funding, law enforcement coordinators, municipal assistance, education, inmates, literacy, high school equivalency, Department of Corrections, parole, rehabilitation, law enforcement, mandatory training, mental health, domestic violence, peace officer certification
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Threaten or intimidate law enforcement personnel and their families.
- The magistrate's order is criminally enforceable, and a violation of the order is a Class... a misdemeanor
- Senate Bill 1896 requires a law enforcement officer to provide to the magistrate the relevant information
- He was supported unanimously by law enforcement and local consent counselors in the Senate.
- The offense occurs, and only then do they report it to law enforcement.
Bills:
SB1099, SB1896, SB1980, SB127, SB614, SB955, SB1278, SB1372, SB1936, SB1937, SB2580, SB2595, SB2798
Keywords:
SB 1099, illegal alien, undocumented immigrant, unauthorized immigrant, immigration status, felony sentencing enhancement, criminal penalty increase, Texas Penal Code, Code of Criminal Procedure, affirmative finding, judgment finding, deportation, public safety, immigration enforcement, sentencing reform, felony offense, first-degree felony, minimum sentence, Criminal Justice, Criminal Jurisprudence
TX
Texas 89th Regular
Homeland Security, Public Safety & Veterans' Affairs Apr 23rd, 2025 at 10:04 am
Homeland Security, Public Safety & Veterans' Affairs
Transcript Highlights:
- enforcement options at all.
- enforcement options at all.
- And, you know, law enforcement, we're telling law enforcement what's trying to tell them what's legal
- We have law enforcement.
- powers, and they can enforce breaches of the peace and felonies, but they can't enforce traffic.
Bills:
HB1455, HB1777, HB2101, HB2136, HB2609, HB3142, HB3552, HB3846, HB4155, HB4514, HB4879, HB4995, HB5014, HB5139, HB5228, HB5436, HCR40
Keywords:
mental health, jail diversion, law enforcement, reporting requirements, criminal justice, data collection, criminal justice reform, intellectual disability, mental illness, data reporting, public safety, reporting, substance abuse, sex offender, driver's license, identification, gunshot detection, unreported gunshots, municipal police, crime investigation
Summary:
The committee met with a quorum and heard several bills, generally leaving them pending after testimony. HB 4995 would create a training/certification program allowing licensed physicians and certain EMS personnel assigned to tactical units to carry firearms during high-risk deployments, with supporters saying it would protect tactical medical staff and improve emergency care; the committee substitute was withdrawn and the bill left pending. HB 2609 would repeal the OmniBase/failure-to-appear-or-pay license hold program; the author and supporters argued it unfairly compounds debt and traps drivers in noncompliance, while judges and municipal court representatives said it is an effective, voluntary tool that prompts court appearances and reduces warrants. HB 4879 would create a grant program to help local law enforcement pay for lab testing of suspected hemp/THC substances, and HB 5436 would allow licensed auto recyclers to purchase certain untitled vehicles for scrap or parts to curb illegal sales, VIN cloning, and chop shop activity; both bills drew supportive testimony and were left pending.
The committee also heard HB 1777, which would place a discrete sex-offender designation on driver’s licenses and state IDs for registrants under Chapter 62. The author said the marker would help law enforcement and businesses quickly identify potentially dangerous offenders and cited other states and research in support, while opponents argued it would function as a scarlet letter, increase harassment, and punish people who are already complying with the law. HB 4155 would create a Family Violence Criminal Homicide Prevention Task Force in the Governor’s Office to study risk factors, coordinate agencies, and recommend policy changes; the author, HHSC, TCFV, and a survivor testified in support, emphasizing the number of family violence homicides and the need for coordinated, data-driven prevention, and the bill was left pending.
Finally, HB 4514 would authorize DPS to use facial image verification, with consent and confidentiality protections, to help businesses verify identities and combat fraud. Supporters from the lumber and identity-verification industries said it would reduce losses from fake IDs and organized theft, while the author stressed privacy safeguards and limited, consent-based use. The committee substitute was withdrawn and the bill was left pending.
TX
Texas 89th Regular
Homeland Security, Public Safety & Veterans' Affairs Apr 23rd, 2025
Homeland Security, Public Safety & Veterans' Affairs
Transcript Highlights:
- And you know, law enforcement, we're tell law enforcement what's legal and not legal.
- For example, law enforcement has 254 counties and thousands of law enforcement officers.
- Commission on Law Enforcement.
- Law enforcement. It does two things.
- We coordinate with law enforcement.
Bills:
HB1455, HB1777, HB2101, HB2136, HB2609, HB3142, HB3552, HB3846, HB4155, HB4514, HB4879, HB4995, HB5014, HB5139, HB5228, HB5436, HCR40
Keywords:
mental health, jail diversion, law enforcement, reporting requirements, criminal justice, data collection, criminal justice reform, intellectual disability, mental illness, data reporting, public safety, reporting, substance abuse, sex offender, driver's license, identification, gunshot detection, unreported gunshots, municipal police, crime investigation
HI
Transcript Highlights:
- should also include amendments to include administrators and employees of the Department of Law Enforcement
- But the retirement benefits, if a law enforcement officer comes from the county and wants to join the
- Enforcement as class 8 members of ERS. Enforcement as class 8 members of ERS.
- >
a <01:06:30.000>law retirement benefits, if a law retirement benefits, if a law enforcement - officer comes from the enforcement officer comes from the county<01:06:32.720>
and <01:06:32.960
Keywords:
military families, family leave, qualifying military exigency, Hawaii Revised Statutes, financial support, Hawaii National Guard, civil-military program, education, collective bargaining, exemption, SB3251, Hawaii public safety, ICE, Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Border Patrol, law enforcement hiring, state employment ban, police powers, Department of Law Enforcement, DLNR
AL
Keywords:
police abuse registry, law enforcement registry, officer assault, assault on police, resisting arrest, battery on law enforcement, law enforcement injury fund, Back the Blue Act, Attorney General, clemency, pardon, commutation, rehabilitation costs, medical costs, public safety, criminal records, background checks, registry removal fee, privacy, due process
MN
Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session
House Elections Finance and Government Operations Committee 3/17/25
Elections Finance and Government Operations
Transcript Highlights:
- that law enforcement number two ensuring that law enforcement share<01:08:37.560>
information - <01:10:48.000>
simply resources for law enforcement simply resources for law enforcement simply - <01:10:53.199>
is flat a core tenant of law enforcement is flat a core tenant of law enforcement - appropriate law enforcement appropriate law enforcement process<01:13:05.400>
house <01:13 - limited to law enforcement not be limited to law enforcement agencies<01:28:00.239>
but <01:28
Keywords:
sacred communities, micro units, religious institutions, housing regulations, homelessness, conditional use permits, immigration enforcement, sanctuary policies, sanctuary city, noncooperation ordinance, ICE, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, federal immigration authorities, deportation, undocumented immigrant, undocumented person, immigration status data, data sharing, preemption, local government
AZ
Arizona 2026 Regular Session
01/26/2026 - Senate Military Affairs and Border Security
Military Affairs and Border Security
Transcript Highlights:
- Immigration and Customs Enforcement or U.S.
- And Customs Enforcement or U.S.
- between criminal and civil enforcement.
- And this is not about enforcing the law.
- We don't get to choose what laws are enforced or not enforced.
Keywords:
immigration enforcement, law enforcement, illegal aliens, state legislation, civil penalties, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, veterans, military health, mental health treatment, funding allocation, 1182, all
Summary:
The Military Affairs and Border Security Committee heard two bills. SB 1055 would require state and local law enforcement to immediately notify ICE or CBP when a person unlawfully present in the U.S. is arrested for a state or local offense. Supporters said it simply clarifies and strengthens existing law and cooperation with federal authorities; opponents, including the ACLU of Arizona and several public commenters, argued it would intensify immigration enforcement, chill crime reporting, invite racial profiling, and conflict with existing SB 1070-related guidance and constitutional limits. The committee engaged in extended debate over whether the bill merely restated current law or would create new legal and practical burdens for police.
After public testimony and member discussion, SB 1055 was passed on a 4-3 vote and received a do-pass recommendation. Members voting in favor said the bill was about enforcing the law and improving cooperation; members opposed said it was redundant and harmful to community trust and public safety. The committee then took up SB 1065, which appropriates $300,640,000 in FY 2027 for a Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Military Veterans Fund. The bill was presented as a way to provide non-drug treatment for veterans with PTSD and related conditions, with supporters describing potential benefits for mental health and recovery. Some members raised budget and implementation questions, including how veterans would be selected for treatment, but all members ultimately supported moving it forward.
SB 1065 passed unanimously, 7-0, with several members noting support for veterans while reserving questions about the budget process or future floor consideration. The committee adjourned after passing both bills.
AL
Transcript Highlights:
- assistance for college tuition and associated expenses to eligible dependents of long-term Law Enforcement
- Or if they want somebody to live on the reservation to be the enforcement officer...
- So this would give them the ability, if they could hire and employ their own enforcement officer.
- It allows cooperative agreements between counties and local government for enforcement matters.
- The sheriff may only expend these fees for law enforcement purposes.
Keywords:
criminal procedure, split sentencing, probation, Class A felony, Class B felony, minimum confinement, custodial sexual misconduct, sexual misconduct, inmate abuse, prisoner exploitation, correctional staff, jail staff, detention center, probation officer, parole officer, Department of Corrections, Department of Youth Services, sheriff, county jail, municipal jail
AL
Alabama 2026 1st Special Session
Alabama Senate Veterans, Military Affairs and Public Safety Committee Apr 2nd, 2026
Veterans, Military Affairs, and Public Safety
Keywords:
firearms, assault weapons, minors, prohibition, criminal penalties, HB13, Laken Riley Act, illegal immigration, immigration enforcement, ICE, Department of Homeland Security, DHS, Department of Justice, DOJ, immigration detainer, detainer request, I-247, Law Enforcement Support Center, LESC, county jail
AZ
Arizona 2026 Regular Session
03/09/2026 - House Public Safety & Law Enforcement
Public Safety & Law Enforcement
Transcript Highlights:
- All right, the Committee on Public Safety and Law Enforcement is called to order.
- Effective enforcement relies on the seamless exchange of intelligence.
- It essentially turns every law enforcement officer into a federal immigration enforcement agent.
- It essentially turns every law enforcement officer into a federal immigration enforcement agent.
- Immigration enforcement is a federal responsibility.
Keywords:
corrections oversight, funding, state budget, criminal justice, reform, immigration enforcement, law enforcement, illegal aliens, state legislation, civil penalties, peace officer certification, police certification, law enforcement licensing, Arizona POST, peace officer standards and training, military police, veterans, honorably discharged, veteran hiring, abbreviated academy
Summary:
The Committee on Public Safety and Law Enforcement first heard SB 1032, which appropriates $1.5 million from the State General Fund to the Corrections Oversight Fund in fiscal year 2027 to help administer the Independent Correctional Oversight Office. Supporters, including Justice Action Network and a family member who described the death of her son after severe mental health and jail-care failures, argued the office is needed to provide accountability, transparency, and a check on systemic problems in the Department of Corrections. Representative Blackman strongly backed the measure, saying the oversight office would help address lawsuits, staffing shortages, mental health issues, and the state’s federal receivership. The committee approved SB 1032 on a 14-0 vote with one absent, giving it a due pass recommendation.
The committee then considered SB 1107, which creates an alternative certification pathway for honorably discharged U.S. veterans who served as military police to become Arizona peace officers through an abbreviated training process that credits military training and experience. There was no sponsor present and no opposition testimony. Members discussed whether the bill would include equivalent military law enforcement roles from all branches, and staff indicated the bill is intended to track Department of Defense training standards. The bill received broad support as a way to help fill public safety staffing shortages, though one member voted no over concerns about applicants with prior misconduct elsewhere. SB 1107 passed 11-1, with two present and one absent, and received a due pass recommendation.
Finally, the committee heard SB 1055, which requires law enforcement to immediately notify ICE or CBP when an arrested person is unlawfully present in the United States. Supporters said the bill would strengthen cooperation with federal immigration enforcement and help ensure people are not released before federal authorities can act. Opponents, including the ACLU of Arizona and several community speakers, argued it would undermine trust in law enforcement, chill crime reporting, create due process and constitutional concerns, and impose unfunded compliance burdens on local agencies; one speaker also raised concerns about impacts on Indigenous people and families dealing with mental illness crises. A strike-everything amendment offered by Representative Cruz would have replaced the bill with a restriction on DOC inmate telephone contracts so the department could not profit beyond operating costs, but the committee rejected that amendment 6-8. The committee then approved the underlying SB 1055 on an 8-6 vote with one absent, giving it a do pass recommendation.
TX
Keywords:
immigration enforcement, ICE agreements, sheriff grants, law enforcement, county jail, federal immigration law, public nuisance, civil actions, legal claims, abatement, Texas law, transnational repression, foreign law enforcement, criminal offenses, law enforcement training, first amendment rights, public safety, liquor, distiller, wholesaler