Transcript Highlights:

• We'll start first with file item 1, AB 736, the Affordable Housing Bond Act of 2026.
• Without objection, we're going to proceed to file item 5, SB 1361 by Senator Durazo.
• Okay, we'll proceed now to file item 1, SB 736 by Wix.
• Typically, you have a right of first refusal in transactions.
• We're now to file item 6, SB 908 by Senator Wiener. Senator Ciarto, no. Cabaljan, aye.

Summary: The committee heard AB 736, the Affordable Housing Bond Act of 2026, which would place a $10 billion housing bond on the ballot to fund multifamily housing, supportive housing, homeownership, preservation of deed-restricted units, acquisition/rehabilitation of naturally affordable housing, farmworker housing, and tribal housing. The author and supporters said the bond is needed because existing housing bond funds are exhausted and California still faces a severe affordability and homelessness crisis. Support was broad, with many local governments, housing groups, labor, and business organizations testifying in favor; Habitat for Humanity opposed unless 10% of proceeds were reserved for CalHome. Committee members raised the CalHome issue and other priorities, but the bill passed on a do-pass motion to Senate Appropriations with a roll-call vote, with some members voting aye and the measure held on call for absent members. The committee then took up SB 1361, which would limit how SB 79 transit-oriented housing rules can be used to interfere with planned transit stops and routes. The author and supporters from L.A. Metro and the building trades argued the bill would prevent local governments from stalling transit projects out of concern that future density requirements could apply, while preserving existing housing standards. Several groups that had initially opposed or had concerns, including the League of California Cities, Streets for All, Greenbelt Alliance, California YIMBY, and Bay Area Council, withdrew opposition or moved to neutral after amendments. The bill was approved as amended to Senate Local Government and placed on call. Senator Grayson presented SB 1003, creating a pro-housing infrastructure financing program to help local governments and developers fund infrastructure needed for infill housing, and SB 1014, requiring local agencies to provide early good-faith estimates and itemized lists of on-site and off-site improvements so projects are not hit with late surprise costs. Both bills were supported by housing advocates, Habitat for Humanity, and other groups, with limited opposition or concerns from some cities about implementation details. Each measure received a do-pass-as-amended motion to Senate Appropriations and was held on call. The committee also heard SB 908 on window replacement streamlining, which would ease permitting for energy-efficient residential window replacements statewide and limit certain new-construction provisions to San Francisco; it passed as amended to Appropriations and was held on call. Later, Senator Allen presented SB 1092 and SB 1093 on mobile home park preservation and post-disaster protections. SB 1092 would require park owners who intend to sell to give residents or their representatives an opportunity to make a competitive bid to buy the park, with supporters citing wildfire losses and the need to preserve unsubsidized affordable housing; opponents argued it would devalue property and create litigation risk. SB 1093 would require clearer communication, access, and compensation protections for residents after disasters, and would require owners to consider rebuilding versus closure. Supporters emphasized the uncertainty faced by displaced residents in the Palisades and other fire areas, while opponents said the bill could impose onerous obligations, liability, and valuation requirements. Both bills were moved do pass as amended to Appropriations and held on call.

Transcript Highlights:

• So this session marks the 3rd time that I file my now we call it social studies bill to ensure that all
• We've been here before, and we refuse to go back, and we refuse to hide.
• We thank Representative Vers for filing our Equal Opportunity bill, and we are counting on your support
• been addressed is what we call precious knowledge, the precious knowledge that institutions are refusing

Transcript Highlights:

• </c> The eyes have it and the Senate refuses The eyes have it and the Senate refuses to<01:57:22.960>
• Um, we've have Senate refuses to concur.
• The result, wealthy refuses to provide.
• SP 582 doesn't solve refused to carry.
• the</c><03:31:11.680><c> purpose</c> but they're filed anyway for the purpose but they're filed anyway

Keywords: 1191, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• through 1f the new words were you know language in there so it says in insurance commissioner may refuse
• Members of the committee sub is simply dropping Senate Bill 1592 rate filing language into that bill.
• We were working on two vehicles to have available as we look to potentially change the rate filing system
• It creates a file and use system while keeping language related to a competitive and noncompetitive market
• Strengthened Oklahoma Homes Program, clarifies filing requirements for subsidiaries of insurances, adds

Bills: HB4322, HB4202, HB4203, HB4457, HB3983, HB3660, HB3802, HB2933, HB2955, HB2956, HB3781, HB3521, HB3794, HB3796, HB3800

Keywords: funeral services licensing, funeral director, embalmer, funeral director in charge, dual licensure, mortuary science, Oklahoma Funeral Board, funeral establishment, commercial embalming establishment, crematory, cremation, alkaline hydrolysis, apprenticeship, licensing requirements, professional regulation, undertaker, mortician, burial services, death care industry, workers' compensation

Transcript Highlights:

• Once the state teaches that the human body can be handled just like plant re-up refuse, it becomes harder
• House Bill 3781 simply drops Senate Bill 1592 rate-filing language into that bill. roll.
• Members, the committee sub is simply dropping Senate Bill 1592 rate filing language into that bill. .
• ..1992 rate-filing language into that bill.
• It creates a file-and-use system while keeping language related to a competitive and non-competitive

Bills: HB4322, HB4202, HB4203, HB4457, HB3983, HB3660, HB3802, HB2933, HB2955, HB2956, HB3781, HB3521, HB3794, HB3796, HB3800

Keywords: funeral services licensing, funeral director, embalmer, funeral director in charge, dual licensure, mortuary science, Oklahoma Funeral Board, funeral establishment, commercial embalming establishment, crematory, cremation, alkaline hydrolysis, apprenticeship, licensing requirements, professional regulation, undertaker, mortician, burial services, death care industry, workers' compensation

Summary: The Business and Insurance Committee first handled a series of executive nominations, including appointments or reappointments to the Oklahoma Securities Commission, Real Estate Commission, State Athletic Commission, Accountancy Board, Commission on Consumer Credit, Uniform Building Code Commission, Abstractors Board, Used Motor Vehicle Dismantler and Manufactured Housing Commission, and State Banking Board. Most nominees briefly addressed the committee, and the nominations were advanced by unanimous or near-unanimous votes. One HB 4488 was laid over at the start of the meeting. The committee then considered several bills. HB 4322, which would remove a dual-licensure requirement for funeral directors and embalmers, drew questions about consumer protection and body care procedures and passed 6-3. HB 4202, changing workers’ compensation fee schedule treatment for radiology, passed unanimously. HB 4203, directing the Uniform Building Code Commission to explore guidelines for single-exit configurations in certain buildings up to four stories, passed 7-2 after concerns were raised about fire safety. HB 4457, dealing with specialty pharmacies, pharmacy benefit managers, and access to specialty medications, passed unanimously. Members also debated HB 3983, which would move Oklahoma’s moist smokeless tobacco tax to a weight-based system; supporters argued it would improve fairness and revenue stability, while opponents said it would raise taxes on some products and lacked consumer protections. It passed 6-3. HB 3660, authorizing natural organic reduction as an additional end-of-life option, prompted a lengthy debate over dignity, religious concerns, and consumer choice; it passed 5-4. HB 3802, prohibiting auto insurers from raising premiums solely because a spouse died, passed unanimously. HB 2933, a consumer protection insurance bill, passed 9-0 after extensive discussion of claims handling and insurer accountability. Additional insurance and regulatory measures—HB 2955, HB 2956, HB 3781, HB 3521, HB 3796, HB 3794, and HB 3800—were also advanced, most with little or no opposition. The chair closed by noting all executive nominations and legislation had been cleared from the committee for the year.

Transcript Highlights:

• Had property owners file public notice and then the currently goes to the DA for investigation.

Bills: SB137, SB372, SB1209, SB1226, SB1256, SB1303, SB1595, SB1636, SB1772, SB1827, SB1876, SB1944, SB2072, SB2104, SB2180

Keywords: electronic monitoring, Department of Corrections, criminal justice, rehabilitation, public safety, SB372, firearms, gun rights, lawful carry, concealed carry, open carry, handgun license, Oklahoma Self-Defense Act, weapons policy, gun law, school safety, private school, public school, college campus, university campus

Transcript Highlights:

• That bill had property owners file public notice and then it currently goes to the DA for investigation

Bills: SB137, SB372, SB1209, SB1226, SB1256, SB1303, SB1595, SB1636, SB1772, SB1827, SB1876, SB1944, SB2072, SB2104, SB2180

Keywords: electronic monitoring, Department of Corrections, criminal justice, rehabilitation, public safety, SB372, firearms, gun rights, lawful carry, concealed carry, open carry, handgun license, Oklahoma Self-Defense Act, weapons policy, gun law, school safety, private school, public school, college campus, university campus

Summary: The committee heard a series of Senate bills, most of them receiving unanimous or near-unanimous do-pass recommendations. SB 1595, as amended, exempts commercial driver training schools administered by the Oklahoma Department of Corrections from provisions regulating state agency interactions with CDL schools; the amendment was adopted and the bill passed 9-0. SB 1303 transferred property and records from the Advisory Council on Workers’ Compensation to the Workers’ Compensation Commission, SB 2180 required certain foreign principals’ agents to register with the Secretary of State, SB 2072 expanded title-theft protections and allowed broader law-enforcement investigation and fee waivers, SB 1772 clarified when vehicle lights must be used, and SB 1209 excluded Sundays and federal holidays from eviction timelines; each passed without opposition or with overwhelming support. Members also advanced SB 137, a mirror bill to a House measure dealing with a corrections-related issue, after discussion about retroactivity and possible amendments on the Senate side; it passed 9-1. SB 1944 adjusted an agriculture payroll threshold exemption and passed 10-0. SB 372 clarified that a person may carry a weapon from the front door to a room in a state-owned hotel or lodge and passed 9-1. SB 1636 allowed a victim’s family to request a cold case review from any law enforcement agency and passed 11-0. SB 1256 was amended to remove language requiring certain written judicial findings, then passed 11-0. Additional bills approved included SB 1827, which updated definitions in the Government Tort Claims Act; SB 2104, a cleanup and integration measure following adoption of the Oklahoma Uniform Trust Code; SB 1226, clarifying when a driver must stop after an accident involving property damage; and SB 1876, allowing a foreign insurer to be served through its registered agent rather than only the insurance commissioner. The committee adjourned after reporting all measures out favorably.

Transcript Highlights:

• President, is enough to file a lawsuit under this current bill.
• They filed a lawsuit, named the Secretary of State as the defendant.
• It depends what you have on your digital file that makes the production.
• And so this is about making sure that the digital file that people can use to actually print guns and
• So let's make it about actions and not about, we clicked on a file and now it's in my computer.

Bills: SB6061, SB6234, SB6170, SB6176, SB6182, SB6335, SB5647, SB6047, HB2367, HB2606, SB5998, SB6005, SB6003, SB6129, SB6225, SB6228, SB6231, SB6061, SB6234, SB6170, SB6176, SB6182, SB6335, SB5647, SB6047, HB2367, HB2606, SB6129, SB6228, SB6231, HB2235, HB2272, HB2340, HB2543, HB2554, HB2632, HB2464, HB2619

Keywords: tourism, self-supported assessment, funding, statewide promotion, economic development, sewage, grinder pumps, residential buildings, regulation, construction, contracting rules, state highway construction, procurement limits, state regulations, infrastructure funding, vehicle registration, enforcement, renewal, transportation, state law

Transcript Highlights:

• I'm hopeful that cooperative bills like the one that Representative Curry has filed in front of you today
• We appreciate Representative Jones filing this bill. I echo what Charles just laid out.
• Rollback taxes are normally triggered upon a change in use of property, construction, or filing of a
• I did file that way, yes, sir, as a small business owner and as a realtor member.
• The bill, as filed, deals with a different section pertaining to the state portions of the tax. taxes

Bills: HB485, HB1367, HB1370, HB1827, HB1879, HB2032, HB2133, HB2357, HB3581, HB3830, HB4060, HB4085, HB4270, HB4979, HB5217, HB5268, HB5478, HJR96, HJR97, HJR119, HJR195, HJR209, SB4, SB23, SJR2, SJR85, SB 4, SB 23, SJR 2

Keywords: healthcare, insurance, access, affordability, public health, emergency services district, sales tax, gas and electricity, residential use, tax exemption, emergency services, gas, electricity, HB 485, ESD, use tax, residential utilities, utility tax, local option tax, Texas Health and Safety Code

Transcript Highlights:

• Thank you to Representative Harlos for filing this bill.
• , with the filer refusing to release the liens.
• against them, and the filer refused to withdraw or release the lien.
• filed in justice of the peace courts.
• If and when these cases are filed in JP courts, the Office of the Attorney General often files a plea

Bills: HB2226, HB2269, HB2343, HB2760, HB3621, HB4079, HB4204, HB4518, HB4531, HB4555, HB4850, HB4876, HB4903, HB4996, HB5122

Keywords: construction trust funds, Property Code, Chapter 162, construction payments, mechanics lien, contractors, subcontractors, laborers, material suppliers, materialmen, real property improvement, assignment of payment rights, unpaid trust funds, trust fund beneficiaries, construction industry, payment protection, Texas construction law, property owners association, landscaping, grass maintenance

Transcript Highlights:

• This is actually something that... was in our bill as filed.
• So join me, please join me in refusing to concur with Senate amendments to HB 8.
• So, you're refusing to answer who the influence was that caused us to go through this process.
• Not the Epstein files, not the big ugly bill, not anything. And Governor Abbott said, "Yes, sir."
• I filed a privileged motion to impose penalties for members who are absent without leave.

Bills: SB 1, HCR 20, HR 131, HR 133, HR 135, HR 136, HR 137, HR 144, HR 145, HR 146, HR 149, HR 150, HR 151, HR 152, HR 158, HR 161, HR 162, HR 163, HR 165, HR 166, HR 168, HR 169, HR 170, HR 175, HR 178, HR 127, HR 129, HR 130, HR 132, HR 134, HR 138, HR 139, HR 140, HR 141, HR 142, HR 143, HR 153, HR 154, HR 155, HR 156, HR 159, HR 160, HR 164, HR 167, HR 172, HR 173, HR 176, SB 1, HB 8, HB 15, HB 27, SB 5

Keywords: campground safety, youth camp regulations, flood safety, emergency evacuation, health and safety standards, memorial, remembrance, legacy, condolences, community, higher education, university merger, research, public health, economic impact, healthcare, insurance, affordability, medical coverage, state regulations

Transcript Highlights:

• So for insurance company rate filings, they are file and use.
• I mean, somebody files one day.
• After TWIA filed, their rate filing was submitted to TDI on August the 15th, or just before.
• So for insurance company rate filings, they are filed and used. It's permissive, is it not?
• That insurers may file and use.

Keywords: 1185, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• A secured party must file a termination statement where the debtor did not authorize the filing.
• The department may refuse to accept an initial or amended financing statement if it was not filed by
• statement has been filed and will become effective 30 days after filing.
• First, it makes clear that intentionally filing an unauthorized UCC filing with an intent to harass or
• Second, it gives authority to the UCC filing office to refuse to accept filings that are intended to

Summary: The committee first heard House Bill 2640, which would create procedures for dealing with unauthorized UCC financing statement filings. The bill would allow the Department of Licensing to refuse certain filings believed to be intended to harass or defraud, create an affidavit-based process for debtors to seek termination of wrongfully filed records, permit administrative review and court challenges by secured parties, and establish criminal penalties for intentional unauthorized filings. Department of Licensing testimony supported the bill as a narrow remedy for harmful filings that can affect credit, housing, banking, and reputation, while members questioned whether the department should be making legitimacy determinations and whether existing court remedies were sufficient. No vote was taken on HB 2640 during the hearing. The committee then moved to executive action on several bills. Substitute House Bill 2161, authorizing the Attorney General to issue civil investigative demands in certain civil rights and labor-related investigations, was reported out on a 7-5 vote after debate over due process concerns and the need for stronger enforcement tools. House Bill 2304, extending condominium warranty coverage to four-story buildings, passed unanimously. House Bill 2445, revising probate law and related protections, passed 10-2, with some members supporting the anti-fraud reforms and others worried about added complexity. House Bill 2590, exempting limited equity cooperatives from the Washington Uniform Common Interest Ownership Act, was amended with a technical change to the definition of limited equity cooperative and then reported out 8-4. Members described the bill as expanding affordable homeownership opportunities, though some raised broader policy concerns about the model. Finally, House Bill 2412, increasing the number of Superior Court judges in Yakima County from 8 to 9, passed unanimously after members cited access-to-justice needs and support from local funding and space resources.

Transcript Highlights:

• The committee substitute differs from the bill as filed in that it would replace the method by which
• Generally, the bill would set a fee of $45 for filing a guardianship case transferred from another county
• However, if a party to a probate proceeding files a motion to assign a ... assignment to a probate judge
• This bill as filed states that the estate has to pay it.
• Affidavits can be filed in the real property records, as well as a certificate of mailing.

Bills: SB302, SB1335, SB1734, SB1760, SB1975, SB2127

Keywords: probate court, statutory judge, reimbursement, court costs, court proceedings, judicial assignments, judge assignment, cost reimbursement, judicial expenses, estate management, statutory requirement, court expenses, estates, inheritance, representative duties, court authority, personal representative, real property, deed fraud, title fraud

Transcript Highlights:

• It is in that member's file. There's no file. I don't keep files on all of you.
• </c><00:29:06.720><c> on</c> there's no file.
• I don't keep files on there's no file.
• </c><00:29:16.000><c> That</c> there so you don't all have files.
• That there so you don't all have files.

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• . >> Pursuant to Rule 4.30, Lawrence moves that House File 3493 be recalled from the Committee on Education
• House File 3493 is a bill that addresses something that numerous students have been left out of, and
• Thank you to all the people that are trying to do good work, but the Minnesota Democrats refuse.
• </c><00:15:00.240><c> I</c> but the Minnesota Democrats refuse.
• I but the Minnesota Democrats refuse.

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• Committee on Initiative Petitions is charged with providing a report to the legislature on each petition filed
• After requiring the needed signatures and filing the signatures with the Secretary of the Commonwealth
• , the measures are filed with the legislature.
• So, again, you'll see this also in some court cases where courts will refuse to rule on some of these
• So I'm asking you to make the records that this body has been refusing to make available to my office

Bills: H5004

Keywords: public records, public records law, transparency, open government, government accountability, legislature, general court, governor's office, executive records, legislative records, constituent communications, policy drafts, deliberative process, freedom of information, FOIA, records access, Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 66, Chapter 4, veterans services records, initiative petition

Summary: The Special Joint Committee on Initiative Petitions held a public hearing on Initiative Petition 25-14, H 5-004, “an act to improve access to public records.” Chairs Cindy Friedman and Alice Peisch outlined the Article 48 process and explained that the committee was hearing expert testimony, then proponents, then opponents, before any public testimony. The first expert, Will Clark of the National Conference of State Legislatures, gave a general overview of public records laws across the states, emphasizing that all states have some form of open-records law but that exemptions, timelines, fees, and coverage of legislatures vary widely. He discussed legislative exemptions, legislative privilege, and court cases showing that outcomes often turn on the exact language of state constitutions, statutes, and chamber rules. Rebecca Murray, General Counsel for the Secretary of the Commonwealth, testified about Massachusetts public records administration, saying requests and appeals have risen sharply since the 2017 law update, with state agency requests increasing from 22,572 in 2017 to 47,776 in 2025 and appeals reaching a record 4,051 cases in 2025. She said the initiative would extend the law to the General Court and the Governor’s office and add exemptions for those branches, while warning that the volume and complexity of requests could require more resources. The proponents, led by Jesse Littlewood of the Coalition for Healthy Democracy, Scotia Hila of Act on Mass, and Auditor Diana DiZoglio, argued that Massachusetts is an outlier for exempting the legislature and governor from public records law and that the proposal would create needed accountability without exposing personal constituent communications or internal deliberations. They said the measure would make records such as committee votes, final bill drafts, amendments, expenditures, attendance records, minutes, and public testimony available, while preserving exemptions for constituent services, draft legislation, internal staff communications, and policy development discussions. DiZoglio emphasized that the initiative is aimed at basic administrative and financial records, citing her own difficulty obtaining receipts, contracts, and procurement documents, and said the public should be able to see how taxpayer dollars are spent. Committee members questioned the witnesses extensively about the scope of exemptions, constituent privacy, legislative privilege, and whether the measure could reach communications with nonprofits or lobbying-type interactions; proponents responded that privacy and constituent-service exemptions were intended to remain in place, though some members pressed for clearer statutory language. The hearing also included a contentious exchange over whether the initiative could affect legislative communications and whether the Senate had already taken a position against the measure. Some members raised concerns about separation of powers, legislative privilege, and the possibility of exposing constituent communications or internal deliberations, while proponents argued that the initiative was narrowly tailored and that any legal disputes could be resolved in court. No votes or formal actions were taken at the hearing. The committee concluded the testimony portion after hearing from the proponents and their questions, with the matter left pending for further consideration.

Transcript Highlights:

• The employee can't file a tort suit.
• The employee can't file a tort suit.
• But we're asking to file and be able to file a suit, just like the employee is.
• The attorney refused to allow a statement.
• If they refuse, their benefits can be cut off.

Bills: HB282, HB293, HB390, HB456, HB460, HB561, HB819, HB1023, HB1047, HB1101

Keywords: employment discrimination, criminal history, rehabilitation, hiring process, human rights, gender identity, sexual orientation, workplace equality, labor rights, domestic abuse, unpaid leave, employee rights, workplace protection, mental health, survivor support, workers' compensation, employment benefits, claims process, fraud prevention, legal petition

Transcript Highlights:

• But distracting, taking on the federal government, and refusing to work cooperatively.
• Distracting, taking on the federal government, and refusing to work cooperatively are doing much more
• And Roger Goodman, who is the chair of that committee, is constantly saying, if you don't pre-file or
• And frankly, I think that's not where most rank-and-file Democrats here want to go.
• And frankly, I think that's not where most rank-and-file Democrats here want to go.

Summary: House and Senate Republican leaders opened by criticizing several Democratic-backed measures they said would raise costs for Washington residents, including a utility surcharge in House Bill 2275, expanded producer responsibility for clothing, and a new tire fee in House Bill 2421. They framed the session around affordability concerns and argued that the majority was advancing taxes and fees that would make living and doing business in Washington more expensive. They also said the state should focus on transparency and accountability rather than new charges and restrictions. Much of the question period focused on immigration-related issues and public safety. The leaders condemned recent comments by Governor Ferguson and Attorney General Brown about events in Minnesota, saying the incidents should be investigated carefully without inflaming tensions. They opposed a Senate bill addressing face coverings for law enforcement and another proposal to fine the Northwest Detention Center if state inspectors are denied access, arguing both were attempts to regulate or pressure federal authorities. They also criticized a bill that would bar certain ICE agents from future law enforcement jobs in Washington, saying it would not improve public safety and would distract from the state’s shortage of officers. The leaders also discussed several other bills and policy ideas. They said a House bill limiting local anti-camping enforcement was delayed and expected back next week, with cities concerned about implementation and liability. They expressed general support for restoring College Bound funding for private universities, but said it should be handled through the budget without new taxes. They backed a bill to increase reporting and accountability for nonprofit and housing-related programs, citing concerns about fraud and misuse of public funds. They also strongly opposed a bill they said would make the initiative process harder, calling it undemocratic and a continued effort to reduce voter influence.

Transcript Highlights:

• to file or record the document until further investigation is done.
• I've pre-filed bills in 2023.
• In the House, I've pre-filed bills in 2023 and this session on this exact issue.
• If a judge were to issue an order preventing you from filing a claim under this statute, yes.
• But this particular section, you keep saying it's if Bob has already filed a suit.

Summary: The Senate began with a quorum call, prayer, approval of the previous journal, and messages from the House, then moved through several recognitions and resolutions honoring visiting groups. Members adopted resolutions recognizing the Texas chapters of Blue Star Mothers of America, Fine Arts Education Day, Donate Life Texas Day, Baha’i Capitol Day, County Government Day, Jack County Day, Crockett County Day, and a recognition of Navy Petty Officer Simon Urbanik for service during the Cuban Missile Crisis. The chamber also heard remarks from visiting doctors, students, county officials, and community groups, with multiple senators speaking in support of military families, arts education, organ donation, and local government service. The Senate then took up Committee Substitute Senate Bill 2779, relating to the allocation and use of certain hotel occupancy tax revenues. Senator Birdwell said the bill would stop local governments from conditioning HOT funds on race- or class-based priorities and would require Galveston to transfer the full state rebate for beach cleaning and maintenance to its park board. After questions, the Senate suspended the rules, passed the bill to engrossment, suspended the three-day rule, and finally passed it, though the final vote showed significant opposition. The chamber also passed Committee Substitute Senate Bill 2322, described as a cleanup bill removing the compelling-factor test for dispatchable generation from the Texas Jobs, Energy, Technology, and Innovation Act. A major debate centered on Committee Substitute Senate Bill 2253, which would phase out uncertified teachers in core classrooms and strengthen educator certification requirements. Senator Creighton argued the bill responds to a teacher pipeline crisis, adds parent notification, creates multiple preparation pathways, and provides financial incentives for certification; Senator West and Senator Sparks pressed for rural flexibility and implementation details. An amendment from Senator Gutierrez to add a teacher student-loan repayment program failed on a 11-17 vote, while other technical and fiscal amendments were adopted. The bill then passed to engrossment, the three-day rule was suspended, and it was finally passed. The Senate also passed Committee Substitute Senate Bill 2371, updating skimmer-reporting rules to cover electronic terminals beyond fuel pumps, and Committee Substitute Senate Bill 2351, relating to the construction of certain concrete plants under a standard permit. Senate Bill 619, a conscience-protection bill for health care workers, drew extended questioning from Senators Cook, Eckhardt, and Menendez about patient abandonment, scope, and whether it could allow refusals of legal services such as vaccines, antibiotics, contraception, or personal care; despite those concerns, the Senate suspended the rules and passed the bill to engrossment. Finally, the chamber began consideration of Committee Substitute Senate Bill 1169, which would allow public entities to form public utility agencies to cooperate on water and wastewater projects without eminent domain or cross-collateralization, with Senator Hinojosa explaining it as a tool for small and rural communities facing utility infrastructure problems.