Transcript Highlights:

• I used to run the big IG office here for Governor Perry for several years.
• And finally, we need to avail ourselves of the powers that are associated with that, more specifically
• Members, this is my bill we heard previously relating to the establishment and powers and duties of.
• And, you know, nothing against the governor and Austin, but when you're. on the front lines.
• It should necessarily follow that the power to deprive a person of their right to be free person of his

Bills: HB2034 , HB2436 , HB3010 , HB3033 , HB3138 , HB3177 , HB3426 , HB3686 , HB3858 , HB4176 , HB4257 , HB4264 , HB4804 , HCR98

Committee: House Homeland Security, Public Safety & Veterans' Affairs

Keywords: groundwater, foreign ownership, national security, water permits, environmental health, deadly conduct, firearm, recklessness, peace officer, prosecution, Penal Code, Texas laws, disaster recovery, infrastructure, rural communities, grants, state funding, emergency management, HB 3033, Texas Department of Public Safety

Transcript Highlights:

• </c> the food storage and maybe the power the food storage and maybe the power generators<00:43:03.400
• It also puts the responsibility in the Office of the Governor.
• It also puts the responsibility in the Office of the Governor.
• It also puts the responsibility in the Office of the Governor.
• </c> support from the office of the governor support from the office of the governor will will will Kee

Committee: House Public Safety

Keywords: 910, house, all

Summary: The committee held its first hearing of the 2025 session and began with housekeeping on testimony deadlines, hybrid participation rules, time management, and expectations for civility. The chair said testimony posted at least 24 hours in advance would be available to members and the public at the same time, late testimony would still be processed, and decision-making would generally be deferred to later in the day so morning hearings could adjourn before the noon floor session. The first bill heard was HB 673 on emergency management. Hawaii Emergency Management Agency administrator James Barros testified in opposition, saying the bill could undermine the executive’s unity of command during emergencies and objecting to provisions allowing the legislature to terminate a state of emergency by a two-thirds vote. Members asked about the difference between an emergency order and a state of emergency, whether other states use legislative checks and balances, and whether long-running emergencies such as COVID-19 or homelessness should have clearer end conditions. Barros said the agency, along with the Attorney General’s office and the governor’s office, would review the language and that the issue is setting conditions for when an emergency ends. The committee then heard HB 596, also on emergency management, which would clarify types of events that count as dangers and emergencies. Barros opposed the bill, saying the current list covers known hazards but should remain open-ended for future threats; he cited COVID-19 as an example of an unforeseen event and said the bill could limit flexibility. Members asked whether the list could be expanded, and Barros said the agency would look at that possibility. Testimony included support from the Grassroots Institute of Hawaii and concerns from the Tax Foundation of Hawaii about the bill’s special fund provisions; the committee also corrected testimony that had been submitted for the wrong bill. The final measure discussed was HB 1060 on emergency preparedness and the Community Readiness Center Program. Barros explained the proposal as part of HEMA’s effort to build local readiness centers and community hubs, with an initial target of 10 communities through a federal grant and a longer-term concept of roughly 100 statewide. The Climate Advisory Team supported the bill’s intent but urged that centers be developed with strong community and nonprofit involvement through the HARRP program. The Department of Taxation offered comments on the special fund, and members raised questions about cost, size, use of existing school facilities, public messaging, and equity across communities. Barros said the centers would provide backup communications, power, water, and food for a community group, would not function as general shelters, and would be designed to help communities hunker down and recover after a disaster.

Transcript Highlights:

• It just creates more problems by putting caps and restrictions on new power generation. Thank you.
• And we, and restrictions on new power generation. Thank you.
• will incentivize them to have enough battery capacity to maintain power during outages.
• Work of the Office of the Governor and Attorney General permissive rather than a requirement.
• They don't have a powerful lobby. They don't have folks coming down here.

Summary: The committee began with a public hearing on Substitute House Bill 1592, which would change how state public defense funds are distributed and, in the substitute version, keep current law on state funding responsibility while revising the allocation formula. Staff explained the bill would shift county and city distributions to a pro rata, caseload-based model, allow very low-density counties to request OPD to provide some or all public defense services, require additional data collection and reporting, and direct OPD to study caseload reductions and retention. Representative Peterson said the bill is meant to create a better structure for future state support of indigent defense without the very large cost of the original proposal. Testimony from counties, cities, OPD, defenders, and local officials was strongly supportive, emphasizing a statewide public defense crisis, rising local costs, staffing shortages, and the need for a fairer funding model. The committee then heard Substitute House Bill 1742 on environmentally sustainable urban design and Substitute House Bill 1906 on water system regulation and water rates. HB 1742 would create a center in Ecology to promote sustainable urban design, fund design competitions and grants, and establish an advisory council; the sponsor said the bill reflects a desire to support a pilot project through alternative funding, and there was no public testimony. HB 1906 would require more planning and notice for Group A water systems, add customer notice and right-of-first-refusal provisions for some ownership changes, and direct the UTC to consider external funding sources, capital planning, and rate smoothing when setting water rates. Water utility and PUD witnesses supported the goal of improving transparency and consolidation of failing small systems, while noting the substitute reduced some fiscal concerns. The committee also heard HB 2248 on Secretary of State corporate and charity filings, HB 2438 creating the SEED scholarship for early childhood education students, and HB 2515 addressing emerging large energy use facilities such as data centers. HB 2248 would redirect part of annual filing fees to the Secretary of State revolving fund, require initial reports from nonprofits and LLPs, and change trademark certificate procedures; the fiscal note showed modest revenue losses, and the division supported restoring the fee split for operational funding. HB 2438 would transfer $10 million annually from the GET account to fund scholarships and wraparound services for early childhood education degree seekers, with testimony from early learning advocates and a student describing workforce shortages and personal financial barriers. HB 2515 drew extensive testimony both for and against: supporters said it would protect ratepayers, water resources, and grid reliability by requiring tariffs, reporting, clean-energy requirements, and a fee on large energy users; opponents argued it singled out data centers, could hurt investment and jobs, and included unrelated labor and procurement provisions. After public testimony, the committee moved into executive-session briefing on several bills and amendments, including HB 1903 on statewide low-income energy assistance, HB 1909 on a court unification task force, HB 1982 on vacating certain convictions tied to treaty Indian rights, HB 2034 on LEOFF Plan 1 retirement changes, HB 2105 on employer notice of federal I-9 audits, HB 2210 on ranked-choice voting, HB 2215 on Climate Commitment Act fuel supplier obligations, and HB 2271 on post-consumer recycled content requirements. Staff summarized proposed substitutes and amendments, with several changes aimed at reducing or shifting fiscal impacts, narrowing agency duties, or striking provisions entirely.

Transcript Highlights:

• </c><00:14:55.240><c> than</c> stronger bigger and more powerful than stronger bigger and more powerful
• I urge you to do everything in your power to stop this bill so trans girls can thrive in sports.
• I urge you to do everything in your power to stop this bill so trans girls can thrive in sports.
• Utah's Governor Spencer Cox, a Republican, said the incident embarrassed the state.
• Utah's Governor Spencer Cox, a Republican, said the incident embarrassed the state.

Committee: House Education Policy

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• option is actually to allow for a COLA in the event that somebody falls below 80% of their purchasing power
• means that for retirees in a high-cost-of-living area, they have lost about 50% of their purchasing power
• the San Francisco Bay Area inflation has increased by 50 percent, severely eroding the purchasing power
• We know education is power.
• AB 1198 continues to raise the same concerns identified in Governor Brown's veto of AB 1140 and Governor

Committee: Senate Labor, Public Employment and Retirement

Keywords: 987, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• By way of brief background, current state law requires that budgets proposed by both the governor and
• I'm here today on behalf of the Northwest and Intermountain Power Producers Coalition.
• This proposal grants power without accountability.
• areas bear all of the risks, diminish services and the costs, while receiving no benefit from the power
• The Northwest primary transmission builder, the Bonneville Power Administration, has been very slow to

Summary: The Appropriations Committee held public hearings on several bills and took executive action on House Bill 2747. HB 2747 would change how Washington estimates future revenue in its four-year balanced budget outlooks by using the official revenue forecast instead of the current 4.5% growth assumption for the next two biennia. Staff described the bill as a technical change with indeterminate fiscal effects, and supporters said it would make budgeting more realistic and sustainable. The committee adopted a technical amendment and then reported the bill out of committee with a do pass recommendation by a vote of 26 ayes, 3 nays, and 2 excused. The committee also heard Second Substitute Senate Bill 6182, which would create an abortion savings program funded by a new annual assessment on health carriers offering exchange plans. Staff said the bill would generate about $10 million in fiscal year 2027 and about $2.1 million annually thereafter, with most funds going to grants for abortion care providers and some administrative costs for the Office of the Insurance Commissioner and the Department of Health. Supporters said it would stabilize access to abortion care and help low-income patients, while opponents argued it would force taxpayers and insurers to subsidize abortion and raised concerns about oversight, morality, and premium impacts. Substitute Senate Bill 6355, which would create a Washington Electric Transmission Authority to support new transmission projects and related tribal clean energy work, drew testimony from utilities, labor, clean energy advocates, counties, and landowners. Supporters said the state needs faster transmission buildout to improve reliability, support clean energy, and reduce congestion costs; opponents and county representatives raised concerns about eminent domain, loss of local tax revenue, board accountability, and the need for stronger landowner and county involvement. Staff estimated the bill would have a several-million-dollar general fund impact and noted possible indeterminate local revenue effects. The committee also received a briefing on engrossed Substitute Senate Bill 6260, which would reduce funding or eligibility for several K-12 programs, including bus depreciation, Running Start, and transition to kindergarten; public testimony was overwhelmingly opposed, with school officials, educators, community college representatives, students, and rural districts warning of reduced opportunities and harm to small and low-income districts.

Transcript Highlights:

• Army Corps of Engineers and Bonneville Power... ...of the lake levels by the U.S.
• ..for them to start giving us a full season and not just be beholden to the downstream demands for power
• and equalize it a little bit and be respectful of the fact that the state of Idaho, through the governor
• I also want to thank Attorney General Labrador's office and Jeff Allen from the Northwest Public Power
• I showed pictures of it to the governor and said, hey, we need to fix this thing so it's open to the

Committee: Senate Resources and Environment

Keywords: 989, all

Transcript Highlights:

• The governor of Minnesota had bill.
• </c><01:32:02.480><c> of</c> know, this is usurping the power of know, this is usurping the power of
• > or</c><01:44:19.760><c> special</c> enough, powerful enough, or special enough, powerful enough, or
• </c> exercise 17 billion in spending power exercise 17 billion in spending power and<02:43:35.200><c>
• cut it completely the that the governor cut it completely the governor<03:32:09.200><c> slashed</c><

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• March of 2017 when we had a historic windstorm here in Michigan that knocked a million people out of power
• serving as state representative at the time, and as people were displaced because they were out of power
• serving as state representative at the time, and as people were displaced because they were out of power
• of power, we got a call to my office that there was a motel in my district that turned off its neon sign
• Our effort proved critical during the COVID-19 pandemic when Governor Gretchen Whitmer used the language

Committee: Senate Finance, Insurance, and Consumer Protection

Summary: The Senate Committee on Finance, Insurance, and Consumer Protection met with a quorum, adopted the June 17 minutes, and took testimony on several bills. Senate Bill 1053, sponsored by Chair Kavanaugh, would raise the acreage cap for neighborhood enterprise zones from 15% to 20% for certain zones. Supporters from Invest Detroit and the City of Detroit said the change would help make housing and redevelopment projects viable, especially in high-tax areas like Detroit, and the bill was reported to the floor on a 6-2 vote. The committee also heard Senate Bill 988, sponsored by Senator Santana, which would extend from 30 to 35 days the deadline to appeal a denied poverty exemption to the Michigan Tax Tribunal. The sponsor and Detroit’s property assessment director described it as a technical alignment with the Tax Tribunal Act and a correction to conflicting timelines; the bill drew support from the Michigan Poverty Law Program, the Michigan Chamber, and the Tax Tribunal, and was reported unanimously. The committee then adopted S-1 substitutes for Senate Bills 1041, 1042, and 1043, the price-gouging package sponsored by Senators Moss, Chang, and Kavanaugh. Sponsors of the price-gouging bills said the package would strengthen Michigan’s emergency price-gouging protections by defining excessive increases during declared emergencies, covering lodging, essential goods and services, and energy products, and giving the Attorney General clearer enforcement tools. Supporters included the Michigan Restaurant and Lodging Association and the Attorney General’s office, while the Michigan Chamber, Mackinac Center, and NFIB opposed the package. Despite the opposition, all three bills were reported to the floor on 5-3 votes. The meeting adjourned after all reported bills were approved.

Transcript Highlights:

• This legislation also required an MOU between the governor... ...and such a coal plant.
• As you heard from Megan, back in 2011, then-Governor Gregoire entered into a memorandum of agreement
• in that facility to use much of the existing infrastructure and existing transmission to meet power
• Generation and to move us toward cleaner, cheaper power that we need to meet all of our region's energy
• This bill affirms Washington's commitment to clean air, clean power, and climate progress.

Summary: The committee heard testimony on three main bills. House Bill 2284 on reducing litter would remove a scheduled increase in plastic bag thickness, preserve the existing penalty on thicker bags, and create a litter solutions task force to use existing data and recommend further actions. Supporters from business, retail, agriculture, food industry, and the Department of Ecology said the bill takes a data-driven approach and could help reduce litter without imposing a full bag ban, while Ecology noted it already has a statewide litter study underway and raised cost and membership concerns. Opponents and other commenters generally favored the bill’s direction but emphasized the need for more study and careful implementation. No vote was taken. House Bill 1652 would require certain ocean-going vessels in Washington waters to use fuel with no more than 0.1% sulfur, with recordkeeping, Ecology oversight, penalties, and a substitute clarifying vessel coverage and exemptions. The prime sponsor and environmental and public health advocates said the bill would reduce air and water pollution from scrubbers and protect the Salish Sea, orcas, salmon, and nearby communities. Ports, shipping interests, and industry groups raised concerns that the bill could effectively discourage scrubbers, create burdens for irregular callers and cargo traffic, and affect port competitiveness, while some said the bill should be narrowed or further stakeholdered. The hearing also included discussion of a proposed substitute and possible impacts on vessels and port operations. House Bill 2367 would end special coal-related exemptions by limiting the cap-and-invest exemption to pre-2026 emissions, removing limits on additional greenhouse gas regulation for the coal plant, and repealing coal sales and use tax exemptions. Supporters said the bill would align state law with the planned closure of the Centralia coal plant, reinforce Washington’s climate policies, and remove outdated carve-outs. Business and petroleum representatives warned that if the plant were brought back into the cap-and-invest program, the allowance market could be affected and Ecology might need flexibility to adjust the program. The committee heard extensive testimony on all three bills but took no recorded votes or final action in the transcript.

Transcript Highlights:

• and what happens in the right-of-way. some autonomy as it relates to police powers and what happens
• For us and all of our members within the Florida Electric Power Coordinating Group, we serve every city
• DeVoe was talking about pole placement, you know, how to cohabitate that with power.
• DeVoe was talking about pole placement, you know, how to cohabitate that with power.
• Community assistance from the chief resiliency officer from the office of the governor.

Summary: The Economic Infrastructure Subcommittee met with a quorum present and first heard HB 11 from Representative Robinson. The bill would address an unintended consequence in Florida’s municipal utility surcharge law by requiring the same water/utility rate for residents when a utility facility is physically located within one municipality but owned by another, rather than allowing the owning municipality to impose a 25% surcharge. The sponsor and several members described it as a fairness issue affecting residents who do not receive local tax support for the facility but still bear the surcharge. Public testimony included support from AARP and Miami-Dade County and opposition from North Miami Beach. The bill was reported favorably on an 18-0 vote. The committee then held a panel discussion on utility use of public rights-of-way and utility relocation. Panelists from FDOT, county government, gas, water, electric, and communications sectors described the permitting process, noting that FDOT uses a detailed utility accommodation manual and that local governments may use permits, franchise agreements, or ordinances depending on the utility type. They emphasized that utilities often must coordinate early with agencies using long-range work programs and project plans, and that the process differs by utility and jurisdiction. Communications witnesses discussed Chapter 337 and the 60-day local permitting shot clock, while others noted the role of Sunshine State One Call in locating facilities before excavation. A major focus was who pays for relocations when road or infrastructure projects require utilities to move. FDOT and several panelists said utilities generally bear the cost when they are in public right-of-way, with exceptions such as certain interstate/interchange projects and easement impacts. Utility representatives said relocations are often effectively new builds, can be costly, and are ultimately reflected in rates or customer costs. Members also asked about easements versus right-of-way, damage and disputes during construction, broadband workforce needs, and whether legislation could improve coordination. Panelists largely said the existing process works best when agencies, contractors, and utilities communicate early and continuously, and that more legislation may not be necessary compared with better planning, staffing, and use of technology.

Transcript Highlights:

• It changes the authorized use of the learning community levies, subscribes for powers and duties for
• Legislative Bill 985 concerns the probate code, including court appointment, approval, or resignation; powers
• legislative journal, laws and statutes of Nebraska, compiling the Constitution of Nebraska, and eliminating powers
• statutes of Nebraska, compiling the Constitution of Nebraska, and eliminating or changing certain powers
• Madam President, bills read this afternoon on final reading were presented to the Governor at 2:35 p.m

Bills: LB737 , LB753 , LB788 , LB913 , LB1055 , LB1195 , LB1216 , LB1256 , LB429 , LB721 , LB722 , LB727 , LB743 , LB745 , LB749 , LB778 , LB787 , LB365A , LB823 , LB900 , LB903 , LB940 , LB954 , LB1127 , LB1127A , LB1205 , LB1240 , LR293 , LR296 , LR422 , LR505 , LR507

Keywords: LB737, Olmstead, developmental disabilities, disability services, community-based services, integrated settings, DHHS, Department of Health and Human Services, stakeholder advisory committee, independent consultant, public hearing, legislative oversight, disability rights, community integration, housing, employment, education, transportation, community supports, self-advocacy

Bills: SB2054 , SB2143 , SB2145 , SB2400 , SB2447 , SB2494 , SB2723 , SB2727 , SB3131 , HCR187 , SCR177 , SR172 , SCR5 , SCR85 , SR75 , SCR139 , SR131 , SCR146 , SR138 , SR84 , SCR31 , SR27 , SCR46 , SR45 , SCR48 , SR47 , SCR9 , SR11 , SCR83 , SR73 , SCR20 , SR17 , SCR56 , SR54 , SCR87 , SR79 , SCR160 , SR151 , SCR28 , SCR120 , SCR129 , SR121 , SCR71 , SR66 , SCR147 , SR139 , SCR79 , SCR179 , SCR181 , SCR182 , SCR60 , SR81 , SR174 , SR176 , SR177 , SCR89 , SCR69 , SCR74 , SR68

Keywords: public safety, Hawaii National Guard, military deployment, governor authority, federal assistance, elections, chief election officer, vacancy, order of succession, election commission, law enforcement, recording rights, private action, civil rights, police accountability, SB2400, seaglider, wing-in-ground craft, wing in ground effect, WIG craft

Transcript Highlights:

• This presents a challenge and creates an inefficiency because the employees of the Office of the Governor
• There's a resource, Keith Graff from the Office of the Governor, Executive Director. Welcome, sir.
• There is a resource witness from the Office of the Governor. Do we need to call them up?
• That bill is, I believe, on the way to the governor. So this bill is incredibly important.
• That team over at DIR is terrific, and I also just want to say that Governor Abbott's team, led by our

Bills: HB2564 , HB2760 , HB2765 , HB2898 , HB3260 , HB3800 , HB4341 , HB4396 , HB5195

Committee: Senate Economic Development

Keywords: Defense Economic Adjustment, grant applications, economic assistance, local government, Evaluation panel, judicial review, Texas Workforce Commission, unemployment compensation, legal proceedings, labor law, rural development, infrastructure, Texas economic fund, private investment, job creation, meteorological evaluation towers, wind resources, aviation safety, regulations, construction notice

Transcript Highlights:

• This presents a challenge and creates inefficiency because the employees of the Office of the governor
• DAG grant applications and save the office of gov of the governor time and effort.
• There's a resource, uh, agency Keith Graff from the, from the Office of the Governor, Executive Director
• There is a resource witness in the office of the governor. Um, do we you call them up?
• for all supporting, and that bill is, I believe, on the way to the governor.

Committee: Senate Economic Development

Transcript Highlights:

• It was my concept; the AG wrote this, and the governor had some input.
• The timeframe is important, and on the back end, we don't have a metric for when the governor or the
• We don't know who the next AG is going to be, and we don't know who the next governor is going to be.
• But my point is to get the governor to give... The point is not the answer. Thank you, sir.
• residents of that community who have voted to elect the CEO of that city, who has the appointment power

Bills: SB82 , SB78 , SB4 , SB6 , SB62 , SB66 , SB77 , SB63 , SB79 , SB53 , SB55 , HB14

Committee: House County and Municipal Government

Keywords: inhalants, butyl nitrite, nitrous oxide, amyl nitrite, possession, sale, misdemeanor, felony, criminal penalties, public health, school safety, resource officers, law enforcement, public schools, private schools, liability insurance, contracting, library governance, board appointment, library diversity

Transcript Highlights:

• </c><00:09:39.839><c> argument</c> of a separation of powers argument of a separation of powers argument
• </c><01:05:18.079><c> authority</c><01:05:18.480><c> in</c> power dynamic in perceived authority in power
• When you listen carefully, you understand that words are very powerful.
• Those were her words, and our governor also encouraged the legislature.
• Those were her words, and our governor also encouraged the legislature.

Bills: HB0117 , HB0126

Committee: House Labor, Health & Social Services

Keywords: informed consent, abortion, civil liability, coercion, healthcare rights, fetal heartbeat, termination of pregnancy, medical emergency, Wyoming legislation, rights of minors, healthcare regulations, parental consent, 916, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Obviously, the candidates are not yet in a position where they have political power.
• power dynamic can be pretty significant.
• I absolutely agree that those elected positions are positions of power and influence.
• Showed up at the Prop 50 rally that the governor was speaking at in Los Angeles.
• This president will do whatever he possibly can to hold on to power.

Committee: House Elections

Keywords: 988, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• </c><00:35:14.000><c> who</c> certainly not an outofouch governor who certainly not an outofouch governor
• </c> motans to purchase a gas powered motans to purchase a gas powered vehicle,<00:35:40.880><c> a</c
• </c> to consolidate power in our democracy. to consolidate power in our democracy.
• ,</c><01:48:54.560><c> Tim</c> Ellison says that our governor, Tim Ellison says that our governor, Tim
• Second, it updates the subpoena power that the attorney general's office has to match the subpoena power

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• So that is enforcing power? It is not.
• So indirectly, you have enforcement power. No, sir. I would...
• They're appointed by the governor. They're nominated by the governor and approved by the Senate.
• and lieutenant governor.
• Certainly, Governor Abbott issued an executive order having— Certainly, Governor Abbott issued an executive

Summary: The Senate Finance Committee met to hear interim charges on higher education transparency and on preventing fraud, waste, and abuse in state government. The chair emphasized accountability for taxpayer dollars and asked witnesses to address financial reporting, audit practices, and whether more frequent or comprehensive audits would improve oversight. Legislative Budget Board staff described how public university systems and most community colleges respond to requests about internal audit practices, noting that university systems generally follow a similar annual audit timeline and that community colleges use a more varied mix of internal and external audit arrangements. Members focused on gaps in reporting, especially Texas Southern University’s missing submissions for several years and Collin County Community College’s nonresponse to the LBB survey. The State Auditor’s Office then outlined its higher education audit work, including mandatory statewide single audits, DEI compliance audits, HUB and State Use Program audits, benefits proportional audits, and discretionary audits based on risk. The auditor said the office has released 43 higher-ed audit reports since fiscal year 2021 and has two audits in progress, and explained that internal audit reports from institutions help guide future audit selection. Senators pressed the office on the lack of enforcement authority, the value of internal auditors at each institution, and whether community colleges should have more standardized reporting and audit requirements. The auditor and general counsel said the SAO can refer suspected fraud to law enforcement but cannot itself enforce findings, while several senators suggested stronger clawback authority and more robust internal audit structures. The Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board explained that it collects annual financial reports, sources-and-uses data, and community college finance reports, and uses them for funding formulas and other reporting. It also trains governing board members and said it has limited regulatory authority, though community colleges must certify compliance annually and can lose eligibility for state funds if they do not. Members questioned the reliability of self-attested data, the adequacy of board training, and whether a single reporting structure would be more efficient. During public testimony, a ScholarShot representative argued for clearer, student-facing financial transparency so students can see total cost of attendance and the gap they must cover before enrolling.