Transcript Highlights:

• This is concerning the fitness test for the certification for our officers.
• Um, and that's people, different tests. Um, and that's about<01:16:17.679> it.
• <01:18:50.960> because officer can't pass the PT test because officer can't pass the PT test
• leave because they can't pass the test. leave because they can't pass the test.
• /c><02:11:02.719> as the so-called Terry versus Ohio test as the so-called Terry versus Ohio test

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Go Chronicle documented me conducting a speed test showing a West Oakland resident and foster mom, Miss
• times faster than in in any of our previous visits without any hardware upgrades or changes to our testing
• OU ran nearly half a million speed tests at over 15,000 locations across Oakland.
• We found that over 75% of internet connections we tested never reached the. the speed threshold to be
• Inclusion Alliance, one of our partners in CAID, has replicated these findings with over 15 million speed test

Keywords: 988, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Senate Bill 1891 by Perry relating to test years used for rate-making purposes by certain water and sewer
• Senate Bill 1898 by Johnson relating to the discharge or use of certain firefighting funds for testing
• Senate Bill 1929 by Menendez and Bettencourt relating to water testing by the Texas Commission on Environmental
• Senate Bill 1937 by Hinojosa of Hidalgo relating to the testing of evidence containing biological materials
• by Parker relating to the health benefit plan coverage for cancer screening, imaging, and genetic testing

Transcript Highlights:

• Let's get them tested while kids are. Let's get them tested while they're<01:28:46.360> there.
• students are getting tested earlier. students are getting tested earlier.
• <01:35:20.240> in the bill is to get children tested in the bill is to get children tested
• eye vision test." It It matter. eye vision test." It It matter.
• > with Perfect Union tested this with Perfect Union tested this with ride-share<02:15:01.800><

Keywords: 981, all

Summary: The House convened, established a quorum, approved the corrected journal, and heard announcements about committee meetings later in the day. The main floor action was a motion to place House Bill 1101, House Bill 1193, Senate Bill 118, and House Bill 1210 on the special orders calendar, which was adopted without objection. The House then moved into committee of the whole for consideration of House Bill 1101, a bill concerning criminal offenses related to critical infrastructure components and commodity metals. During debate on HB 1101, the sponsor explained that the bill is intended to address theft of critical infrastructure such as street lights, RTD equipment, cell towers, and similar materials by targeting the scrap metal market where stolen goods are sold. The committee adopted amendment L004, which reorganized the statutory structure and aligned offenses more closely with the conduct involved; the sponsor said this reduced the highest charge level from an F5 to an F6 in some circumstances. Amendment L005, a technical correction to L004, was adopted. Several members raised concerns that the bill could unfairly burden scrap yards and legitimate businesses, while others supported the measure as a response to widespread infrastructure theft. The committee rejected amendment L006, which would have required buyers to know or reasonably know that material was unlawfully obtained, with the sponsor arguing it would increase liability and undermine negotiated protections for scrapyard dealers. Amendment L008, which sought to add a good-faith protection for legitimate businesses and reduce chilling effects on commerce, was also defeated after members said similar protections already existed in the bill. Amendment L009, creating an affirmative defense for documented commercial transactions and record-keeping compliance, was likewise rejected because members said the bill already contained a stronger affidavit-based safe harbor. Finally, amendment L10, which would have added a five-year repeal/sunset date for the bill, was debated at length but was not adopted; opponents argued criminal provisions should remain stable, while supporters said a sunset would allow review of the bill’s effectiveness and unintended consequences.

Transcript Highlights:

• We'll take those numbers, test them, test a sample... ...and then moving on.
• We'll take those numbers, test them, test a sample, First audit, we'll take those numbers, test them,
• test a sample, examine it, and we're not finding hardly anything anymore, which is a remarkable change
• However, any unsupported, imprudent, or unreasonable cost will be challenged, and we'll put them to the test

Summary: The Joint Committee on Public Counsel Oversight met to receive an overview from Public Counsel Walt Trierweiler on the work of his office. He described the office’s role in representing Florida utility customers in rate and service cases, including investor-owned electric, water, and wastewater matters, storm cost recovery, fuel clauses, storm protection plans, and specialized dockets. He emphasized the office’s use of depositions, expert witnesses, customer correspondence, and service-hearing testimony to challenge unsupported utility costs and seek “fair, just, reasonable, and affordable” outcomes for customers. Trierweiler highlighted several current issues, including affordability, data centers, and the growing use of AI in reviewing large utility filings. He said the office has begun using affordability experts and data center witnesses, and that data center-related utility proposals raise concerns about energy demand, water use, and community impacts. He also expressed caution about AI and machine learning because of confidential utility information, while acknowledging that utilities, regulators, and his office are increasingly using such tools. Members asked questions about how customer input is gathered, how profit is evaluated in rate cases, the role of settlement agreements, and whether the office is considering water consumption impacts from data centers. Trierweiler said customer feedback largely comes in through hearings, correspondence, and direct calls rather than office-led canvassing, and that his office seeks to limit imprudent costs while allowing utilities a fair return. He also explained that the office may file motions for reconsideration and appeals after PSC orders, and that it sometimes submits alternative settlement proposals even when approval is unlikely, to present a different option for the commission’s consideration. No votes were taken, and the committee adjourned after concluding its agenda.

Transcript Highlights:

• on two nationally normed achievement tests.
• NAEP tests carry a maximum 500-point score.
• 280 uh according to the 2024 test 280 uh according to the 2024 test results<04:07:06.560> which
• Improvement via the metrics of test Improvement via the metrics of test scores<04:13:13.840>
• getting into all that lot the test getting into all that lot the test scores<04:18:54.239> that

Keywords: 928, house, all

Summary: The Education Funding Committee met in executive session and first took up HB 193, which limits the maximum credits per course eligible for the Dual and Concurrent Enrollment Program. Representative Ladd said the bill clarifies that eligible courses may not exceed four credits and was requested by the community college system. Representative Earth offered an amendment to make the bill effective on passage, which the committee adopted 18-0. The committee then approved HB 193 as amended by an 18-0 OTPA vote and placed it on the consent calendar. The committee next retained HB 295, concerning School Building Aid program funds, after Representative Spillsbury said the building aid bills were complex and needed more work. The motion to retain passed 18-0, with the chair explaining that retained bills can be revisited later and that related language could be moved among building aid bills. HB 354 was not acted on because the chair said the Department of Education and others had suggested possible changes that should be worked out first. HB 366, another school building aid bill, was also retained 18-0 for the same reasons as HB 295. The committee then considered HB 494, which funds the math learning communities program. Representative Earth offered an amendment to flat-fund the program, reducing the proposed increase by a net $50,000 and keeping funding at current levels for the biennium. After discussion about budget pressures and the program’s role in supporting math instruction and professional development, the amendment passed 18-0, and the bill as amended was approved 18-0 and placed on consent. Finally, the committee took up HB 515, which would repeal charter public school eligibility for state school building aid. Representative Popovici-Muller moved inexpedient to legislate, arguing charter schools should not be treated differently from other public schools, while Representatives Luno and Damon opposed the motion, saying charter schools differ in governance and financial risk and should not receive limited state building aid. The motion failed 10-8, so HB 515 was sent to the regular calendar. The committee assigned Representative Damon to the minority report and Representative Popovici-Muller to the majority report, with a noon deadline the next day. The committee then began HB 716, an appropriation for the dual and concurrent enrollment program. Representative Ladd described the program as a successful affordability measure that saves families money and supports college access. Representative Earth offered an amendment to flat-fund the program at current levels, reducing the proposed increase by $500,000 in each year of the biennium. Shannon Reed of the Community College System said the change could limit enrollment or the number of funded courses, though students could still take additional courses at their own expense. Representative Ladd explained the program’s tuition structure and said the funding would help meet demand; the transcript cuts off before the final vote on HB 716.

Transcript Highlights:

• Mike tests check 1 too ike test check 12. I'm calling this meeting to order.
• So, how many dairies are you testing per year? I mean, you're testing 50 dairies every month.
• What's the testing? It is monthly per dairy. If a dairy is put on warning, then there are three.
• And is this milk that you're testing prepasteurized? It depends.
• Or did we come up here to put our finger in our mouth and test the wind see which way it's blowing on

Bills: SB2122, SB330, SB2071, SB2169, SB2069, SB2095, SB2157

Keywords: poultry, agriculture, out-of-state processing, Oklahoma Department of Agriculture, regulation, food safety, elk population, wildlife management, Oklahoma State University, veterinary medicine, ecosystem health, habitat assessment, milk, dairy, dairy farm, milk products, Grade A milk, pasteurization, raw milk, milk inspection

Transcript Highlights:

• So we're going through an era of, you know, looking at bias and testing, and AB 705 was implemented to
• And this is why I'm asking if there is a place for standardized testing to ensure that we know where
• so that's when the Legislature stepped in and passed AB 705, which basically made those assessment tests
• In response to earlier questions regarding assessment tests, and it's something that has come up on a
• And at some point, if assessment tests are reinstated, At some point, if assessment tests are reinstated

Keywords: 987, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• The second change is on page 5, line 17, after 'test,' we're adding: investor-owned electric utilities
• may calculate the benefit of avoided utility greenhouse gas emissions beyond the utility cost test to
• Madam Chair and committee, what a UCT test is, and I'm going to explain that in a moment.
• The PRC has indicated that the current statute, which identifies the utility cost tests as a test that
• must be utilized... ...statute, which identifies the utility cost tests as a test that must be utilized

Keywords: 996, all

Transcript Highlights:

• And Senator Wright, do you know if UTVs are crash tested like cars are? Senator Wright?
• They are not crash tested like motorcycles are not crash tested, like UTVs are not crash tested, Vespas
• are not crash tested, and they're all legal to be on our roads at any, in any road.
• UTV manufacturers design, test, and sell UTVs for off-highway use only.
• UTV manufacturers design, test, and sell UTVs for off-highway use only.

Bills: S0216, S0246, S0356, S0388, S0470, S0488, S0490, S0528, S0584, S0594

Keywords: reemployment assistance, fraud prevention, eligibility verification, Department of Commerce, benefit disqualification, specialty license plate, specialty plates, motor vehicle registration, license plate fees, annual use fees, Florida DHSMV, Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles, deauthorization, financial reporting, nonprofit organizations, college license plates, university license plates, veterans plates, law enforcement plates, Fraternal Order of Police

Summary: The committee met with a quorum and considered ten bills, beginning with SB 594 on local housing assistance plans. Senator Burton explained that the bill would make residents of mobile home parks and manufactured housing communities eligible for SHIP rental assistance and, in some cases, repair or rehabilitation funds, recognizing that many own their homes but rent the lot. Supporters from AARP and the Federation of Manufactured Homeowners said the bill would help seniors and low-income residents remain housed. The bill was reported favorably by a roll call vote. Members then approved two Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles measures: SB 488, the agency package updating Florida’s motor fuel tax compliance with IFTA, allowing online filing and private license plate agencies to act as agents, raising the crash-damage reporting threshold, expanding email communications, and updating tank vehicle compliance; and SB 490, a related public records exemption for email addresses collected for renewal notices. Both were reported favorably without opposition. The committee also passed SB 246, creating a specialty license plate for the UFC Foundation, despite concerns raised that the foundation is based out of state and that the plate was politically motivated; the bill was approved on a split vote. The committee gave favorable reports to SB 216 on reemployment assistance eligibility, which would tighten job-search requirements, require more frequent eligibility verification, and add reporting on fraudulent claims. The bill drew substantial opposition from labor and policy advocates who argued it would add barriers for unemployed workers, especially in rural and skilled-trades jobs, and that the state’s unemployment system remains difficult to navigate. Supporters said the bill was aimed at fraud prevention and ensuring claimants remain eligible. SB 356 on utility terrain vehicles generated extensive debate over safety, local control, and whether UTVs should be allowed on certain roads; supporters emphasized rural utility and law enforcement benefits, while opponents cited manufacturer warnings and crash risks. The sponsor ultimately temporarily postponed the bill. The committee also reported favorably SB 528 on manufacturing, which expands the Department of Commerce’s manufacturing responsibilities, codifies the chief manufacturing officer position, and creates workforce development grant support; SB 584 on commercial driving schools, which authorizes DHSMV agreements with county tax collectors to help enforce school regulation; and SB 388, which raises the annual use fee for the Florida Wildflower specialty plate from $15 to $25 to support the Florida Wildflower Foundation. The final bill, SB 470 on the Fraternal Order of Police specialty plate, was introduced as a measure to broaden eligibility for the existing plate and stabilize funding for law enforcement memorial efforts, but no final action on that bill was reached in the portion of the transcript provided.

Transcript Highlights:

• Following last year's passage of House Bill 5066, they also submit what we call officer-tested loads.
• We originally used the 140- to 150-gigawatt level load, but we wanted to test it at lower levels in case
• We used originally the 140, 150 gigawatt level load, but we wanted to test it at lower levels in case
• ASSE certification of test assemblies would not only meet TCEQ standards, but exceed them.
• And then the FTC report has been a well-tested vehicle for proving identity theft.

Bills: SB438, SB512, SB647, SB648, SB1495, SB2121, SB2145, SB2154, SB2167, SB2184, SB2211, SB2268, SB2349, SB2443, SB2629, SB2702, SB2902

Keywords: SB 438, Texas, State Office of Administrative Hearings, SOAH, administrative law judge, ALJ, public information act, open records, confidentiality, privacy, home address, home telephone number, emergency contact information, social security number, family members, Government Code 552.117, Government Code 552.1175, Tax Code 25.025, public records, government transparency

Summary: The Senate Committee on Business and Commerce met with a quorum and took up several pending bills, voting favorably on SB 1612, SB 2717, SB 1468, SB 1642, and SB 1789. SB 1612 was reported favorably with objections to the local and contested calendar, while SB 2717, SB 1468, SB 1642, and SB 1789 were reported favorably, with SB 1642 and SB 1789 sent to the floor. SB 2717 would create the Texas Energy Efficiency Council; SB 1642 would add an executive director to the Texas Department of Insurance structure; and SB 1789 would establish pole standards and clarify PUC authority and remedies. The committee also heard an ERCOT update from CEO Pablo Vegas on the updated long-term load forecast, which showed a much higher unadjusted growth projection driven largely by data centers. ERCOT described an adjusted forecast using historical delays and lower realized build rates, and members discussed reliability, generation timelines, and the importance of SB 6 for demand response and flexibility. The committee then heard and left pending SB 2629, which would allow condominium and property owners’ association meetings and voting by electronic means; SB 2702, which would let nationally certified professionals test backflow prevention assemblies without a separate TCEQ license; SB 2167, which would let TDLR pause new license applications tied to human trafficking emergency orders or pending SOAH cases; SB 2349, which would exempt short-term leases and certain leasebacks from flood disclosure requirements; SB 2121, which would tighten the data broker registry law; and SB 2443, which would authorize TDLR electronic delivery of notices and other documents. Testimony generally supported these bills as cleanup, modernization, or workforce-streamlining measures, with some members expressing caution about electronic meetings and emphasizing in-person accountability. The committee also heard SB 2902 on coerced debt and identity theft, with testimony from a law professor and family violence advocates supporting stronger protections for survivors and suggesting a police report as an additional proof option. SB 512, a refiled bill restricting money transmission license holders from fining users for terms-of-service violations, also received supportive testimony and was left pending. Later, the committee heard SB 2145 on allowing certain TIF boards to meet virtually in narrow circumstances, SB 2268 on extending Texas Energy Fund loan deadlines in some cases, SB 1495 creating an EV supply equipment advisory board, SB 2154 regulating delivery network companies under a statewide framework, SB 2184 lowering the age for pyrotechnic operator and fireworks display permits from 21 to 18, SB 2211 on combining data centers, power generation, and produced-water desalination projects, and SB 647 on title theft protections and clerk authority to refuse fraudulent filings. Most of these bills were left pending after brief testimony and questions, with members focusing on reliability, regulation, and safeguards against fraud.

Transcript Highlights:

• One increases institute and also creates a pilot project program excuse me that will provide testing
• genetic testing upon birth at some medical centers across Florida that are associated, particularly with
• So that parents will have access to testing for rare diseases at the time their child is born.
• And I know that we are moving the standard arise tests options that meet those standards. >> Does does
• I'm tired of hearing that the numbers don't and has there aren't enough tests to want the expense of

Keywords: 999, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• The division had to update the rate table in EFS Mod, conduct testing to make sure the rates were correct
• Do you think similarly that the test at the end of the CDA course, which is currently only offered in
• I think not just the CDA side of it, but also with our licensing side of it, those in-person tests have
• field and be specialized I think it would transform our field do you think similarly that the the test
• I think not just the CDA side of it, but also with our licensing side of it, those in-person tests have

Summary: The Pre-K through 12 Budget Subcommittee met with a quorum and focused on School Readiness, specifically the new provider reimbursement rates and the School Readiness Plus program. The chair gave an overview of how School Readiness is funded and administered, noting that the Legislature now sets county-based reimbursement rates using market and cost data, and that School Readiness Plus was created to help families who would otherwise fall off the subsidy “cliff” at 85% of state median income by extending assistance up to 100% of state median income. Panelists from the Children’s Forum, the Association of Early Learning Coalitions, and the Division of Early Learning described the programs as major workforce and family-support tools that help parents stay employed and help providers recruit and retain qualified staff. Testimony emphasized that higher reimbursement rates increase parental choice, help providers cover rising child care costs, and support better staffing and lower turnover. The panel also said School Readiness Plus is easing the pressure on families to turn down raises or promotions for fear of losing child care assistance, though uptake is still early because the program only began in late 2024 and is only available to current School Readiness families at redetermination. The Division of Early Learning reported about 275 children enrolled in School Readiness Plus as of March 10, with expenditures of about $161,420 through January 2025, and said participation is increasing. Members asked about the federal-state funding split, wait lists, reverted funds, coalition accountability, county-based rate differences, and whether the entrance eligibility threshold should be raised or shifted to state median income. The panel said roughly 70% of School Readiness funding is federal, about 4% has typically reverted in recent years, and the wait list is around 12,000 children, with reasons including income ineligibility, lack of available seats, and funding limits. They argued that raising the entrance threshold would expand access but would require additional funding, and they also discussed the need to reduce workforce barriers such as in-person testing and training requirements. The meeting ended with no formal action beyond the presentation and member discussion, and the subcommittee adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• with an ultimate budget of about half a million dollars. thousand dollars of non-recurring funds to test
• When we talk about suicides and certain issues, I'm like, well, you know, that’s because those tests
• Testing one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen
• Two, three, four, test, test, testing, testing, testing one, testing. Cool day, bro. Test.
• Test one, two, three. Test. One, two, three. That's good. Thank you. Okay.

Transcript Highlights:

• Do you have equipment that tests the. Any radiation and mittens coming out of the trucks?
• , New Mexico is the second most irradiated state in the country during our testing.
• It extends through 1962 when they did the last above-ground test at Nevada.
• There are talks of starting up testing again.
• There are no safe ways to test nuclear devices, and we have an 80-year history of that.

Transcript Highlights:

• And with test strips, we reduce... ...that we reduce overdose.
• And with test strips, we reduce overdose.
• I'm told by the state, cannot test for all chemicals that are in there.
• The fentanyl strips, the testing strips, the Narcan, the drug testing equipment, the syringes have all
• It's the perfect bill to make a pilot to try it and test that.

Summary: The House convened with a quorum, accepted the prior day’s minutes, and read several committee reports and communications into the record. Members also observed moments of silence for two young people who had recently died, and the prayer and pledge were offered before the chamber moved into business. Consent calendar number 28, consisting of several resolutions, passed by voice vote. A large portion of the meeting was devoted to tributes and retirement remarks for Representative Jeff Holowski, who was praised by colleagues for his work on financial literacy, veterans’ issues, health care, diabetes policy, and constituent service, as well as for his military service and community involvement. Holowski thanked staff, colleagues, and his family, and said he was retiring to spend more time with his wife, children, and grandchildren. The chamber also recognized former Representative Harvey Kenton as a guest. The House then acted on several measures. Senate Bill 286, as amended by House Amendment 1, passed 40-0 and extends consumer protections and dealer equity standards to ATVs, side-by-sides, and vessels. Senate Bill 179, which updates the Delaware Sentencing Accountability Commission and its bench book/data analysis process, passed 27-14. Senate Substitute 2 for Senate Bill 23, the housing supply and affordability bill, was presented with extensive explanation and questions about local control, zoning, and implementation, but the transcript ends before a final vote on that measure. Senate Joint Resolution 18, designating August 31, 2026 as International Overdose Awareness Day and directing flags at half-staff, was also discussed in emotional remarks about overdose losses and the state’s ongoing response. The House later recessed for party caucuses.

Transcript Highlights:

• You can actually even get a specimen from the eye if you need to, and you can do pregnancy testing on
• , because they, if a specimen is obtained by the funeral home, the coroner still has to order that test
• , which they do with toxicology and alcohol, the coroner still has to order that test, which they do
• Matt, I'm curious: of the testing you do on the brands that are sold in the state are probably under
• Do you, are you able to test them for that ASTM standards?

Summary: The committee first approved the previous meeting minutes and then heard a detailed annual report from Dr. Thomas Arnold, chair of the Maternal Mortality Review Committee, on maternal mortality trends and policy issues. He explained the committee’s review process, confidentiality protections, and national and North Dakota data showing that most maternal deaths are preventable and that mental health conditions, substance use, cardiovascular issues, infection, hemorrhage, and embolism are the leading causes. Members asked about suicide, domestic violence, midwife training, home births, and whether pregnancy testing at death scenes should be expanded; Dr. Arnold said better coroner education, more investigation of unexplained deaths, and possible post-mortem pregnancy testing could improve case identification, especially in rural areas. He also noted that deaths often occur well after 42 days postpartum and that mental health-related deaths remain a major concern. The committee then heard from State Fire Marshal Dr. Matthew Clark on cigarette reduced-ignition-propensity standards and related fire prevention issues. He recommended updating the state’s cigarette propensity law to current national standards and also raised a separate recommendation to require fast-breakaway oxygen tubing for home oxygen users, citing fatal fires linked to smoking around oxygen. Members asked about implementation, cost, insurance coverage, and whether the standards apply in tribal communities; Dr. Clark said he would provide follow-up information and was willing to help with any legislation, but no agency bill had yet been planned. Next, Christine Greff of the Department of Health and Human Services reported on the North Dakota Stroke System of Care. She described the statewide network of stroke-ready hospitals, registry-based quality improvement, and performance data showing continued improvement in stroke recognition, imaging, thrombolytic treatment, transfers, and EMS pre-notification. She highlighted new quality measures for inter-facility transfers and intracerebral hemorrhage care, and said the system remains strong but depends on continued legislative and hospital support. Committee members asked about participation by the VA hospital and were encouraged to consider outreach to include it more fully in the stroke system. Finally, the committee began a presentation on prior authorization and non-opioid pain treatment from Taha Khan of Vertex Pharmaceuticals. He argued that prior authorization can delay access to non-opioid acute pain medications, especially in the 24- to 72-hour post-discharge window when pain is most severe, and said delays can push patients toward opioids. He emphasized that prior authorization has a role in utilization management but should not create barriers in acute pain care, and he noted that current use of the company’s non-opioid product remains very low. The discussion was still underway when the transcript ended.

Transcript Highlights:

• Or being free-speeched out of their ability to learn or get to class or take a test?
• test yes sir we have many ways for students to raise their concern and we try to have as many ways as
• That was the sort of key. test at the time that created that sort of balancing test in that sort of scenario
• But it's a three-part test. We've taken it from. case law.
• In my view, I wasn't testing anybody, and I wasn't testing anybody here either.

Keywords: 1185, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• The next item I'll talk about is electric vehicle supply equipment testing.
• The next I'll talk about is electric vehicle supply equipment testing.
• So as more supply equipment testing.
• This testing capacity often results because it is an onerous burden to become a licensed testing facility
• There's a one-time testing facility.

Bills: HF1646, HF2443

Keywords: medical debt, debt relief, healthcare financing, consumer protection, financial hardship, commerce, cannabis, insurance, housing, ombudsperson, affordability, property, task force, financial institutions, 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• By adding the verbiage “not less than,” add means testing if so desired by using the household amount
• Washington offers this with a means test of $40,000 per household, not including veterans benefits.
• <00:38:13.920> if<00:38:14.160> so less than add means testing if so less than add
• means testing if so desired<00:38:14.800> by<00:38:14.960> using<00:38:15.200> the
• put in a different means test. put in a different means test.

Keywords: 1191, senate, all