Video & Transcript Research : 'Tax Code Chapter 171'

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MN

Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session

Committee on Taxes - 01/28/25

Taxes

Transcript Highlights:
  • The governor is proposing a long-overdue improvement to the sales tax code.
  • <00:02:42.319> code a more fair and more stable uh tax code a more fair and more stable uh
  • tax code so<00:02:43.360> if<00:02:43.480> we<00:02:43.599> can<00:02:43.879>
  • overdue Improvement to the sales tax overdue Improvement to the sales tax code<00:02:58.800>
  • would<00:59:01.319> be<00:59:01.480> the in our tax uh chapters that would be the
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
Summary: The committee met to hear a presentation from the Commissioner of Revenue on Governor Walz and Lieutenant Governor Flanagan’s tax proposal, with members told no public testimony would be taken because bill language was not yet available. The commissioner said the proposal would lower the statewide sales tax rate by 0.75 percentage points while expanding sales tax to selected professional services such as legal, brokerage, banking, and accounting, with several carve-outs. He emphasized that the plan would not add business-to-business sales taxes, arguing that taxing business inputs leads to tax pyramiding and higher hidden consumer costs. The commissioner said the rate cut would be the first sales tax rate cut in state history and estimated it at about $95 million annually, while the service expansions would raise about $203 million to $205 million annually, for a net increase of roughly $110 million per year. He said the proposal is part of the governor’s broader budget, which he described as addressing long-term structural deficits and funding other priorities such as an R&D credit, an expanded sustainable aviation fuel credit, fraud prevention, and service-member retention bonuses. He also said the carve-outs and exemptions would be reflected in the revenue estimate. Members questioned whether the proposal was truly a tax cut or instead a tax increase, and several asked for a revenue-neutral rate if all or more services were taxed. One member raised concerns about how pro bono legal work with a fee would be treated, and another asked about possible streamlining issues and whether fees are treated as taxes in statute. The commissioner said a fee would be taxable depending on the arrangement and that the department would review the language carefully once drafted. He also said the department would provide more detailed estimates later, including what the rate would be if the tax were made revenue neutral. No votes or formal actions were taken.
FL

Florida 2025 Regular Session

April 22, 2025 - 03:30 PM

Transcript Highlights:
  • CORRESPONDING SALES TAX RATES.
  • TAX PACKAGE HAS SALES TAX CUTS AS WELL.
  • OR PROPERTY TAXES.
  • LET'S GIVE A TAX BREAK ON THOSE. SO, YOU KNOW, TAX BREAK ON GUNS AND AMMO.
  • THE SALE OF THE FOLLOWING ARE EXEMPT FROM THE TAX IMPOSED BY THIS CHAPTER WHICH IS THE SALES TAX.
MD

Maryland 2026 Regular Session

Senate Floor Session, 4/8/2026 #2

Maryland Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • established under Chapter 419 of 2022. established under Chapter 419 of 2022.
  • are being renovated are up to code. are being renovated are up to code.
  • Senate Bill 765, Senator Zucker, property taxes, tax sales, legacy protection program, and tax credits
  • , tax sales, legacy property taxes, tax sales, legacy protection<01:11:51.760> program,<01:11:
  • Budget<01:47:42.320> and<01:47:42.400> tax? Budget and tax? Budget and tax?
Summary: The Senate reconvened with a quorum present and proceeded through a series of committee reports and floor actions, mostly on House bills. Several measures were advanced without opposition, often after brief floor explanations and unanimous adoption of committee amendments. Topics included behavioral health rate-setting modernization (HB 772), expedited Medicaid eligibility for relocated individuals with developmental disabilities (HB 1015), perinatal behavioral health screening and coverage (HB 1118), mammogram notices about breast arterial calcification (HB 1364), menopause provider training and coverage (HB 1365), cannabis licensing and training changes (HB 622), cemetery sale and transfer oversight (HB 892), travel services insurance requirements (HB 994), cash transaction rounding authorization (HB 1026), specie as legal tender (HB 1312), menstrual hygiene product ingredient labeling (HB 1357), health care quality reporting and a health centralization commission (HB 1372), special pediatric hospital transfer and review procedures (HB 1376), telehealth continuity of care for out-of-state counselors (HB 1483), and child placement protections for unlicensed settings and pediatric overstay patients (HB 1559). Most of these bills were ordered passed for third reading after the chamber adopted the committee amendments and favorable reports. The Senate also considered environmental and consumer-related measures. HB 146 would delay implementation dates for onsite wastewater system regulation and licensing requirements, while striking provisions on inspections and pumping for rental properties and sales. HB 254, a Department of Natural Resources bill, was described as facilitating community engagement in planning and development of departmental projects. HB 969 on retail electric vehicle fuel sales and charging equipment requirements was also taken up and reported favorably. In each of these cases, members noted no committee opposition and no fiscal impact, and the bills were advanced. Two bills were set aside rather than immediately acted on. HB 1037, concerning a Public Service Commission study on broadband and voice over internet protocol service, was special ordered until Friday at the request of a senator. HB 1312, the specie/legal tender bill, prompted questions about the definition of specie and was also special ordered for consideration the next morning. No roll-call votes were recorded in the excerpt; actions were taken by unanimous consent on amendments and committee reports, with multiple bills ordered to third reading.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
  • Our role is outlined in Chapter 418 of the Texas Government Code.
  • What is a code red? A firefighter asked dispatch to send out a code red alert.
  • The statutory requirements for the flood planning process are laid out in Chapter 16 of the Water Code
  • Even with a lower tax rate, you lowered your tax rate, but you still had the money to do it.
  • This activity helps with the boat races when people come to town, generating tax revenue, hotel tax,
Keywords: 1185, senate, all
HI

Hawaii 2025 Regular Session

JHA Public Hearing - Tue Feb 25, 2025 @ 2:00 PM HST

Judiciary & Hawaiian Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • This measure removes language specifying that an appeal from the tax appeal court be filed with the tax
  • Tom Yamachika from the Tax Foundation.
  • appeal court be filed with the the tax appeal court be filed with the tax<01:56:20.520> appeal
  • appeal court allows an appeal from tax appeal court allows an appeal from the<01:56:22.880> tax
  • 481b which is the any section of chapter 481b which is the chapter<02:09:30.159> this<02:09:30.320
Keywords: 910, house, all
Summary: The committee first heard House Bill 302, which would repeal the requirement that a provider-patient relationship for medical cannabis certification be established in person first. The Department of Health said it supported the House Draft 2 version as a way to expand patient access, and several testifiers from the medical cannabis community and dispensary industry supported the bill, especially for patients on outer islands or those unable to travel. One witness asked that earlier language removed in committee be restored to further improve access. Representative Shimizu asked whether follow-up in-person visits would still occur, and DOH responded that this varies by provider, with some continuing in-person care and others moving to telehealth for chronic conditions. The committee then took up House Bill 712, relating to the federal 340B drug pricing program and contract pharmacies. The Office of Consumer Protection and the Attorney General’s office both said they supported the bill’s purpose but wanted it clarified and possibly moved into a standalone chapter rather than chapter 481B. Supporters, including Hawaii Pacific Health and the Queen’s Health Systems, said the bill is needed to protect safety-net funding and access to discounted drugs, citing large financial benefits from 340B and losses caused by manufacturer restrictions on contract pharmacies. PhRMA opposed the bill, arguing the issue is not access to discounts but accountability and transparency in how contract pharmacies distribute benefits, and said it was willing to discuss amendments. Members asked follow-up questions about whether there was data showing misuse; PhRMA said it did not have numbers, while hospital witnesses said the program is federally audited and used appropriately in Hawaii. Finally, the committee heard House Bill 1482, HD1, which would tighten hemp and controlled-substance definitions to exclude Schedule I cannabinoids from manufactured hemp products and clarify the treatment of artificially derived cannabis. The Department of Health supported the measure, saying it adds clarity to existing prohibitions. Kūre Hawaii and other supporters said it would close loopholes involving Delta-8 and similar products. An individual testifier urged stronger language to also cover compounds such as HHC, THCA, THCP, and THCO. In response to questions about enforcement against mislabeled hemp products, DOH explained that THC percentages are relative to product weight, that some products can remain under the hemp threshold while still containing significant THC, and that hemp flower is already prohibited from direct retail sale, though enforcement can be complicated and involves both administrative and criminal authorities.
US

US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session

US House Floor Proceedings (Wednesday, January 21, 2026)

US Federal House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Res. 140, providing for congressional disapproval under Chapter 8 of Title 5, United States Code, of
  • Res. 140 provides for congressional disapproval under Chapter 8 of Title 5, United States Code, of the
  • Res. 140, providing for congressional disapproval under Chapter 8 of Title 5, United States Code, of
  • Joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code
  • Joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code
FL

Florida 2025 Regular Session

Banking and Insurance Mar 17th, 2025

Transcript Highlights:
  • OKAY, THERE IS A LATE FILE AMENDMENT WITH THE AMENDMENT BAR CODE 327-7698.
  • BAR CODE 517760 BY SENATOR GRALL, ANY OBJECTIONS TO TAKING UP THE AMENDMENT?
  • SUBSTITUTE AMENDMENT BAR CODE 7160 IS ADOPTED. BACK ON THE BILL AS AMENDED.
  • SEEING NO OBJECTIONS WE WILL TAKE UP AMENDMENT BAR CODE NUMBER 537706. PRES.
  • CHAPTER 626.
Keywords: 999, senate, all
US

US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session

US House Floor Proceedings (Monday, January 12, 2026)

US Federal House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • <00:13:17.200> credits cuts to Medicaid, the ACA tax credits cuts to Medicaid, the ACA tax
  • to trustees serving in cases under chapter 7 of title 11, United States Code, to extend the term of
  • to trustees serving in cases under chapter 7 of title 11, United States Code, to extend the term of
  • Chapter 7 trustees also ensure that the government receives unpaid taxes, fines, and fees, or whatever
  • adjusting chapter C chapter 7 trustee adjusting chapter C chapter 7 trustee compensation<03:55:01.920
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House/Senate Press Conference 4/8/26

Transcript Highlights:
  • And that is a Chapter 13 question. Nothing in this bill is about Chapter 13.
  • <00:14:14.800> I in this bill is about chapter 13. I in this bill is about chapter 13.
  • Again, Chapter 13 does consider all of those situations. NDAs are a way to circumvent Chapter 13.
  • Again, Chapter 13 does consider all of those situations. NDAs are a way to circumvent Chapter 13.
  • It doesn't have any chapter 13.
Keywords: 919, house, all
Summary: Lawmakers held a bipartisan press availability on a bill to prohibit local governments and their officials from entering into non-disclosure agreements with private entities. Supporters said the measure is intended to protect transparency, public participation, and Minnesotans’ right to know about local decisions involving land use, public financing, and economic development, especially in cases involving data centers and other large projects. Representatives and senators from both parties described the bill as a response to examples in cities such as Rosemount, Farmington, Hermantown, North Mankato, Monticello, Pine Island, and others, where they said NDAs kept communities from learning about projects until decisions were effectively already made. The authors argued that the bill is not anti-development or limited to data centers, but instead prevents corporations from using private contracts to circumvent Minnesota’s open meeting and data practices laws. They said Chapter 13 already addresses trade secrets and other confidential information, and that the bill is meant to stop NDAs from creating secrecy around government decision-making. They also said they had heard little organized opposition so far, though they acknowledged questions about how the bill would affect early-stage business recruitment conversations and how local governments, especially smaller ones, would implement the change. Members also discussed the bill’s legislative path. They said it had previously received unanimous support in committee and was sent to the general register, then moved to the Judiciary Committee at the request of Chair Scott, who wanted a hearing. The authors said they did not believe the bill raised Chapter 13 issues requiring judiciary review, but agreed to the referral as a courtesy and said they were seeking a hearing. They reported that Senate consideration had previously ended in a tie vote, but said momentum was growing and expected stronger support this session. No vote was taken during the press event.
MN

Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session

Committee on Labor - 03/11/25

Labor

Transcript Highlights:
  • It would eliminate references to specific chapters and articles of the National Electric Code, or NEC
  • and articles of the National chapters and articles of the National Electric<00:04:38.480> Code
  • This will allow Electric Code or NEC.
  • chapter in this story. chapter in this story.
  • Minnesota lawmakers can write a new chapter in this story.
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
FL

Florida 2026 4th Special Session

February 12, 2026 - 09:15 AM

Transcript Highlights:
  • There is an amendment that's bar code number 941, Chair: 889.
  • And I do see an Amendment Chairman: bar code number 718509.
  • And in a time when we are trying to cut taxes, when we're trying to reduce or eliminate property taxes
  • a lobbyist and to come up and lobby an issue to raise more taxes.
  • But I don't believe we should be taxing our citizens to use to lobby.
MN
Transcript Highlights:
  • Um, tax dollars aren't our ATM. They're not our supplemental salary.
  • The amendment is coded 3679 as amended. The amendment is coded A2. A2. A2.
  • They're not tax dollars aren't our ATM.
  • to pass bills that appropriate tax to pass bills that appropriate tax dollars<00:02:54.600> to
  • breaks from the of dollars worth of tax breaks from the state?
Keywords: 919, house, all
Summary: House File 3679, which would allow mandatory reports to legislative committees to be submitted electronically instead of on paper, was presented as a bipartisan efficiency measure by Representative Nash. The bill also carried an A1 amendment, adopted by voice vote, that addressed interim administrative authority for the Chief Clerk during a gap in caucus leadership and was described as a procedural fix worked out with caucus leaders. A second amendment, A2, offered by Representative Engen, sought to prohibit legislators from participating in appropriations to named nonprofit recipients that later employ or contract with them, arguing this created conflicts of interest and self-serving governance. Supporters said the amendment was needed for institutional integrity and taxpayer trust, while opponents argued it was too narrow, not well defined, and would unfairly single out certain jobs or industries; the debate included references to direct appropriations, conflict-of-interest rules, and examples involving nonprofits, law firms, farmers, teachers, and other outside employment. The A2 amendment was put to a roll call and failed on a 66-66 tie. After the amendment vote, the bill was read a third time and received broad support. Representatives Nash and Cleborne urged a green vote, and the House passed House File 3679 as amended by a vote of 132-0, with its title agreed to.
US
Transcript Highlights:
  • Things like nutrition assistance and the Earned Income Tax Credit and the Child Tax Credit.
  • Senator, the President's tax cuts provided tax cuts for all Americans.
  • and rationalize the tax code.
  • Size the tax code, and one thing I found is there's nothing simple about doing that.
  • The rest of it is mandatory spending and is spent under the tax code, as Senator Johnson pointed out.
CA
Transcript Highlights:
  • They're taxing themselves.
  • So I think tax incentives and tax credits have been really helpful, like they have been in the energy
  • Second, CAL FIRE must continue to make meaningful improvements to the California Building Code Chapter
  • You talked about tax incentives and the advantages of tax incentives. I talked about property tax.
  • to make sure that our building code remains very viable.
Summary: The hearing focused on California wildfire resilience, with the first panel discussing statewide funding, policy, and strategic priorities, and the second panel shifting to home hardening and defensible space. The LAO outlined the state’s wildfire risk, the large increase in resilience spending in recent years, and the fact that most funding has been one-time rather than ongoing. Testimony emphasized that wildfire risk varies greatly by region, that the state must balance response spending with prevention, and that success should be measured more carefully than by acres treated alone. Witnesses also noted the importance of local, federal, utility, and Proposition 4 funding sources, as well as the need for long-term maintenance and strategic prioritization rather than scattered projects. Cal Fire leadership and other witnesses stressed that California’s wildfire problem is not uniform: forested areas, chaparral, and wildland-urban interface communities require different strategies. In Northern California and forested watersheds, speakers emphasized fuels reduction, prescribed and cultural burning, strategic fuel breaks, watershed protection, and maintaining forest health. In Southern California, testimony focused on wind-driven fires, ember intrusion, ignition prevention along roads and power lines, and the limits of large-scale vegetation clearing. Several witnesses argued that the state should invest where it can leverage local and regional partnerships, support capacity-building programs like Regional Forest and Fire Capacity, and improve data systems to track treatment effectiveness and project outcomes. Members repeatedly pressed witnesses on how to prioritize limited funds, asking what should be done more of, less of, and first. The chair argued that protecting homes and communities through hardening and defensible space should be a major priority, especially near structures, while also acknowledging the need for broader landscape work and watershed protection. There was discussion of incentives such as insurance discounts, property tax treatment, and community certification for hardened homes, along with the need for multiple payers rather than relying on the state alone. Cal Fire reported new and expanding data tools, including treatment trackers, defensible space inspection dashboards, and a fuels treatment effectiveness program that evaluates whether nearby treatments affected wildfire behavior. No votes were taken because the hearing was informational only.
LA

Louisiana 2026 Regular Session

House of Representatives May 20th, 2026

Louisiana House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • of Health to study and consider amending provisions of the International Plumbing Code.
  • So, HCR 103, building codes, Mr. Speaker, Representative Cruz. Mr.
  • of Health, amending provisions of the International Plumbing Code.
  • , bond, and tax increment finance authority.
  • So I brought it up here and said, hey, look, we pay taxes.
LA

Louisiana 2026 Regular Session

House of Representatives May 20th, 2026

Louisiana House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • HCR 103, building codes. Mr. Speaker, Representative Cruz. Mr.
  • of Health, and amending provisions of the International Plumbing Code.
  • of Health, and amending provisions of the International Plumbing Code.
  • bonds and tax increment finance authority.
  • So I brought it up here and said, hey, look, we pay taxes.
Summary: The House convened with prayer, pledge, and a quorum, then spent much of the day on recognitions and commemorative resolutions. Members honored coach Jeffrey Craig Whittington, tourism and the Louisiana Oil Makers Association, Motorcycle Safety Awareness Month, the Tangipahoa Parish Fair, Washington Parish festivals, ACOG’s 75th anniversary, Louisiana Tech women’s basketball, and Memorial Day. A major Memorial Day presentation commended Lane Frenchy Boudreau for helping recover the body of Army Sgt. First Class James H. Moore in Vietnam; the House observed a moment of silence and presented a flag to Moore’s family. The chamber also received Senate messages, enrolled bills, and committee reports, and introduced several new resolutions on topics including Pope Leo XIV, orphan wells, scenic rivers, Teche water quality, and the LaMelle family’s pilgrimage to Rome. The House then took up numerous resolutions and bills, often adopting them without objection. Among the measures adopted or advanced were studies on neighborhood crime prevention districts, parish solid waste and disaster resiliency in Washington Parish, the Louisiana Climate Action Plan, the Louisiana Maneuvers museum/trail, cash-rounding practices after penny production ends, residential construction costs and inspection practices, roundabout education, Taiwan relations, TSA worker loan assistance in Shreveport, human growth and development standards, and the state income tax credit for water utility customers. The chamber also adopted or concurred in several Senate amendments on bills dealing with financial disclosure, video voyeurism, personal information protections, online child safety, STEM advisory council changes, dual enrollment tuition, fleet vehicle registration, menhaden fishing rules, recording fees, amusement ride insurance, drone footage authentication, garbage and trash contracts, insurance prescription periods, retirement system changes, juror qualifications, fireworks, inspection stickers, employment discrimination, and inactive boards and commissions. Several measures drew discussion or division. H.B. 1199, requiring coverage for genetic testing and treatment for SCN2A-associated disorders, passed 94-0 after being discharged from Appropriations. H.B. 302, which would prohibit vape sales within 300 feet of schools, passed 86-4. H.B. 84, encouraging an interest-free loan program for TSA workers at Shreveport Regional Airport, passed 64-27. H.B. 1054 on self-authentication of law enforcement drone footage passed 78-12, and H.B. 1137 limiting employment discrimination protections to state employees passed 71-23. The House rejected Senate amendments on H.B. 468 (residential real property wholesaling), H.B. 1117 (insurance contractual payments and prescriptive periods), H.B. 956 (fireworks dates), and H.B. 74 (Spectrum Alert for missing children with autism), while concurring in or adopting amendments on many other bills. The session ended amid continued consideration of Senate Bill 56 on the West Bank/Lafitte levee governance structure, including an adopted amendment to ensure Lafitte-area representation on the board, with extended remarks about the history and accomplishments of the existing levee authority.
CO

Colorado 2026 Regular Session

Colorado Senate 2026 Legislative Day038_b Feb 23rd, 2026

Colorado Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Colorado Springs Alumni Chapter, Omicron Zeta Chapter, and Omicron Pi Chapter of Cap Alpha Psi Fraternity
  • Uh the chapter also Denver area seniors.
  • I wished my school would have had a chapter back when I was in school. It didn't.
  • <00:54:03.920> are are increasing, when their taxes are are increasing, when their taxes are
  • Advisory Committee on the property tax Advisory Committee on the property tax administrator. administrator
Keywords: 981, all
ND

North Dakota 2026 1st Special Session

Higher Education Funding Review Committee Jun 3rd, 2026

Higher Education Funding Review Committee

Transcript Highlights:
  • Section 3 is the section where we do create that new chapter of Century Code.
  • I always want to say ZIP codes, but on the CIP codes, the good, bad, and whatever of the CIP codes, and
  • way of using those SIP codes.
  • It's more based on CIP codes. And that's not all the CIP codes.
  • It's more based on SIP codes. And that's not all the SIP codes.
Summary: The Higher Education Funding Review Committee met to continue work on a draft higher education funding formula and related capital building fund changes. Lisa Johnson of the North Dakota University System updated the committee on the board’s developing policy for low-producing academic programs. She said the board is using a five-year rolling window, with thresholds of fewer than 10 undergraduate graduates or fewer than 5 graduate graduates, and that programs flagged in three consecutive review cycles would go to the board for review. Possible outcomes include continuation, continuation with modifications, inactivation, or termination. Members asked about how the policy would account for enrollment, program costs, workforce need, and programs that serve students outside their major. Johnson said the board would likely use an accompanying procedure to consider those factors. She also reported that about 200 programs could potentially be reviewed under current guidance, with 135 inactivated and 112 terminated, and said the process is intended to support quality and stewardship rather than simply cut programs. Jamie Wilkie then reported on the Capital Building Fund. He reviewed the fund’s history, matching requirements, and use for extraordinary repairs, deferred maintenance, and some legislatively authorized projects. He said about $334 million in state and matching dollars has been invested overall, with roughly 78.7% going to deferred maintenance and extraordinary repairs. Committee members pressed for updated information on how much deferred maintenance has actually been reduced, and several members said they wanted clearer reporting on the return on investment from new buildings versus repairs. NDSU representatives said the tier funding has helped significantly reduce deferred maintenance and allowed demolition and renovation work on campus. The committee also discussed the need for updated five-year facility plans and space-utilization information from the institutions. The committee then began a section-by-section review of a draft bill that would replace the current higher education funding formula with an FTE-based model and restructure the capital building fund. The draft would fund UND and NDSU differently from the other nine institutions, use fall enrollment rather than completed credits, add performance funding for completions in in-demand fields, create research incentives for UND and NDSU, and combine capital building fund tiers while changing matching requirements and eligible uses. Members raised concerns about the treatment of professional students, the use of CIP codes, incentives for waivers, and whether the formula should rely on more current data. The committee did not take final action on the draft during this meeting, but it continued detailed discussion and indicated more review would follow.
ND

North Dakota 2026 1st Special Session

Higher Education Funding Review Committee Jun 3rd, 2026 at 09:00 am

Higher Education Funding Review Committee

Transcript Highlights:
  • Section 3 is the section where we do create that new chapter of Century Code.
  • I always want to say ZIP codes, but on the SIP codes, the good, bad, and whatever of the SIP codes, and
  • SIP codes.
  • Their SIP codes are still involved in...
  • It's more based on SIP codes, and that's not all the SIP codes.
Keywords: 908, all
TX

Texas 89th 1st C.S.

Senate Session (Part I) Aug 6th, 2025

Texas Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • tax bills for school taxes across the state, and taxpayers have taken notice of it.
  • exceed their school tax bills.
  • taxing units.
  • taxing units.
  • Chapter 15.
Summary: The Senate convened with an invocation and then handled several procedural matters, including a failed motion to excuse Senator Johnson’s absence after a roll-call vote. The chamber also postponed the reading and referral of bills until later in the calendar and adopted motions allowing the Education K-16 Committee to meet while the Senate was in session. The Senate then recessed until 4:00 p.m. Wednesday, August 6. The main floor action centered on Committee Substitute for Senate Bill 9, which lowers the voter-approval tax rate for certain cities and counties from 3.5% to 2.5% for maintenance and operations. Senator Bettencourt argued the bill would slow local property tax growth and align city and county limits more closely with school district limits, while Senators Hinojosa and Menendez raised concerns about reduced local revenue, public safety funding, and the short time for cities to assess the impact. The Senate suspended the regular order, passed the bill to engrossment, suspended the constitutional three-day rule, and finally passed SB 9, with a clarification later entered that the final passage vote was 18-3. The Senate also took up Committee Substitute for Senate Bill 7, the Texas Women’s Privacy Act, which sets state policy for the use of certain spaces and facilities according to biological sex and creates enforcement mechanisms for state agencies and political subdivisions. Supporters said the bill was needed to protect women and children in restrooms, locker rooms, shelters, prisons, and schools, while opponents questioned the scope, enforcement, civil penalties, and possible conflicts with federal law and local control. After extensive questioning, the chamber adopted a clarifying amendment, suspended the three-day rule, and finally passed SB 7 by a vote of 19-2. Finally, the Senate passed Committee Substitute for Senate Bill 15, which addresses deed fraud and real property theft by tightening recording requirements for certain property documents and creating new criminal offenses for real property theft and fraud. Senator Hinojosa explained that the bill combined civil and criminal provisions, added photo ID requirements for in-person filings, and included restitution and enhanced penalties for certain victims and properties; a floor amendment made cleanup changes, removed a training mandate, and clarified that electronic and mail filings were not affected. The Senate adopted the amendment, suspended the three-day rule, and passed SB 15 unanimously, 21-0.