Wisconsin 2023-2024 Regular Session

Wisconsin Senate Bill SB517

Introduced
10/16/23  
Refer
10/16/23  
Report Pass
1/31/24  
Engrossed
2/13/24  
Refer
2/13/24  
Enrolled
2/19/24  
Vetoed
3/29/24  

Caption

Court-issued criminal complaints if the person's actions were in self-defense.

Impact

With the proposed changes, SB517 could significantly alter how self-defense claims are handled within the criminal justice system. It places greater emphasis on ensuring that claims of self-defense can only be scrutinized by the judicial system under specific circumstances, notably requiring new substantial evidence to reconsider the district attorney's decision. Proponents argue that this legislation will bolster legal protections for individuals acting in self-defense, while critics express concerns that it could make it harder to prosecute individuals who may misuse self-defense as a legal shield.

Summary

Senate Bill 517 aims to modify existing laws regarding court-issued criminal complaints, particularly in cases where individuals claim self-defense as a justification for their actions. Currently, a district attorney has the discretion to either issue a complaint or refuse to do so. This bill stipulates that if a district attorney refuses to issue a complaint based on a self-defense claim, a judge cannot hold a hearing or issue a complaint unless new evidence emerges suggesting that the claim of self-defense is not valid under the law. This change could potentially limit the circumstances under which individuals can challenge a district attorney's decision in court.

Contention

Discussions surrounding SB517 reflect a division among lawmakers and legal experts. Supporters of the bill believe it reinforces individual rights when acting in self-defense, potentially reducing the chilling effect such judicial discretion may have had on individuals' actions in critical situations. However, opponents raise alarms about the potential for abuse, arguing that it may undermine accountability for violent acts committed under the guise of self-defense. The bill reinforces the ongoing discourse around the balance between individual rights and public safety.

Companion Bills

No companion bills found.

Previously Filed As

WI SB25

Court-issued criminal complaints in officer-involved deaths.

WI AB34

Court-issued criminal complaints in officer-involved deaths.

WI H0139

Adverse Personnel Actions and Ethics Complaints

WI SB805

Relating to complaints filed with the Teacher Standards and Practices Commission.

WI S2618

Administratively seals, upon request of the defendant following the conclusion of the matter in district court, individual counts of any criminal complaints dismissed pursuant to Rule 48(a) that were filed on or after October 1, 2026.

WI H5439

Mandates that the clerk of the district court, upon request of the defendant, automatically seal individual counts of criminal complaints upon dismissal pursuant to rule 48(a) of the rules of criminal procedure for district court.

WI S0910

Mandates that the clerk of the district court, upon request of the defendant, automatically seal individual counts of criminal complaints upon dismissal pursuant to rule 48(a) of the rules of criminal procedure for district court.

WI S2127

Requires superior court clerk to automatically seal cases/individual counts of a criminal complaint/indictment that were dismissed, upon request of defendant and serve it upon bureau of criminal identification, police department and counsel of record.

WI HB0014

AN ACT relating to crimes and offenses; clarifying the use of self-defense to prevent injury or loss to other persons and property; requiring the expungement of records for cases dismissed for use of self-defense; authorizing reimbursement of costs incurred in defending a criminal prosecution after successfully asserting self-defense; providing definitions; making conforming amendments; specifying applicability; and providing for an effective date.

WI S0352

Requires superior court clerk to automatically seal cases/individual counts of a criminal complaint/indictment that were dismissed, upon request of the defendant and serve it upon bureau of criminal identification, police department and counsel of record.

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