Virginia 2025 Regular Session

Virginia Senate Bill SB1046

Introduced
1/7/25  

Caption

Data centers; noise abatement.

Summary

SB 1046 would create a new local land-use and noise-abatement framework for siting “high electrical demand campuses,” a term that effectively captures large data centers with a dedicated substation on a 69-kilovolt transmission line and expected power demand above 100 megawatts. Before a locality can approve a land-use application for such a facility, the bill requires enhanced notice to nearby residents and property owners’ associations within one-quarter mile, at least one neighborhood meeting with a technically knowledgeable developer representative, and posted signage before the meeting. The bill also requires third-party acoustic engineering studies before the first neighborhood meeting, at the time of certificate of occupancy, and annually for three years after completion, all focused on baseline and operational noise at the nearest feasibly accessible residential property line. The project must be designed with sound mitigation sufficient to meet applicable local noise ordinances, and mitigation specifications must be provided before building permit approval. Operators may seek extensions for study deadlines if external factors outside their reasonable control interfere, and compliance with the section would serve as an affirmative defense in later noise-ordinance enforcement actions if the facility remains in compliance and the mitigation design matches the submitted studies.

Impact

The bill would add a new section to Title 15.2 governing local government land-use approval for large data center projects and would effectively impose a statewide procedural overlay on local zoning and noise review for these facilities. It would not ban data centers, but it would condition approval on notice, public meetings, acoustic studies, mitigation design, and post-construction monitoring, thereby increasing developer obligations and giving localities a clearer enforcement and review framework. It also creates a potential legal shield for operators that comply with the statute and applicable noise ordinances.

Sentiment

The available voting history suggests the bill faced significant resistance in committee: it failed to report from the Senate Local Government Committee on a 5-6 vote, indicating more opposition than support at that stage. Because there are no transcript excerpts, the record does not show detailed floor or committee debate, but the vote outcome implies that members were divided over whether the bill appropriately addresses neighborhood impacts of data centers or imposes too much regulation on development. Overall, the sentiment appears cautious to unfavorable in committee, at least in its substitute form.

Contention

The main point of contention is likely the balance between protecting nearby residents from noise and preserving local flexibility and development feasibility for large data centers. Supporters would likely emphasize advance notice, community meetings, and independent sound studies as necessary safeguards for neighborhoods near high-impact industrial uses. Opponents may view the bill as burdensome, especially the repeated third-party studies, the one-quarter-mile notice radius, and the requirement that local approval be tied to these procedures, which could slow or complicate siting of major technology and energy infrastructure projects. The affirmative-defense provision may also be debated because it could limit later enforcement disputes if operators can show technical compliance.

Companion Bills

No companion bills found.

Previously Filed As

VA SB6008

Gaming commerce and development in the Commonwealth; regulation, report, penalties.

VA SB6005

General appropriation act; amends items related to state office rent rate, Medicaid contracts, etc.

VA HR788

Commending Specially Adapted Resource Centers.

VA SB6012

Va. Military Survivors & Dependents Ed. Program & related programs; modifications, surplus revenues.

VA HB6004

Va. Military Survivors & Dependents Ed. Program & related programs; modifications, surplus revenues.

VA SB6007

Virginia Gaming Commerce Regulation Act; established, penalties, report.

VA SR614

Commending David Olive.

VA HR654

Commending David Olive.

VA SB6004

Virginia Gaming Commerce Regulation Act; established, penalties, report.

VA HR683

Celebrating the life of David P. Helms.

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