US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session

US Federal Senate Bill SB425

Introduced
 
Introduced
2/5/25  

Caption

A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to modify the carbon oxide sequestration credit to ensure parity for different uses and utilizations of qualified carbon oxide.

Summary

SB 425, titled the Enhancing Energy Recovery Act, would amend section 45Q of the Internal Revenue Code, which provides a federal tax credit for carbon oxide sequestration. The bill is designed to create parity among different ways captured carbon oxide can be handled, including secure geological storage, use as a tertiary injectant in enhanced oil or natural gas recovery projects, and other qualified utilization pathways. It revises the statutory definitions and cross-references that determine when the credit applies and how it is calculated. The bill also changes the credit amount and timing rules. For taxable years beginning after 2024 and before 2027, the applicable dollar amount would be set at $17 per metric ton, with inflation indexing beginning after 2026. It makes conforming changes to related provisions, including the elective payment rules under section 6417, and applies the amendments to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2024. In practical terms, the bill would affect taxpayers claiming the carbon capture credit, including energy producers, industrial emitters, and entities involved in carbon utilization or enhanced recovery projects.

Impact

SB 425 would amend federal tax law by revising Internal Revenue Code section 45Q and related provisions governing the carbon oxide sequestration credit. It would alter eligibility language, remove outdated distinctions, and standardize treatment across different uses of qualified carbon oxide, while also setting a new credit amount and inflation adjustment framework. The bill would directly affect taxpayers investing in carbon capture, utilization, storage, and enhanced oil or gas recovery projects, as well as the administration of refundable or elective payment mechanisms tied to the credit.

Sentiment

Based on the bill text and available context, the measure appears to be presented as a pro-energy and pro-carbon-capture tax incentive bill, with sponsors framing it as a parity and energy recovery measure. There is no recorded committee debate or vote history in the provided materials, so no formal opposition or support can be measured from proceedings. The introduction by multiple senators suggests at least some bipartisan or cross-regional interest in the policy area, but the available record does not show broader legislative sentiment.

Contention

The main policy issue embedded in the bill is whether federal tax incentives for carbon capture should treat pure geological sequestration, enhanced oil and gas recovery uses, and other utilization pathways equivalently. Supporters are likely to favor the bill as a way to encourage deployment of carbon capture technologies and energy recovery projects. Potential critics may object to extending or equalizing tax benefits for carbon used in enhanced oil and natural gas recovery, viewing that as subsidizing fossil fuel production rather than only permanent storage. No specific objections or amendments are reflected in the provided committee materials.

Companion Bills

US HB1003

Same As Enhancing Energy Recovery Act

US HB1

Related FEHB Protection Act of 2025

Previously Filed As

US SB1043

A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend the energy credit for qualified fuel cell property.

US SB3531

A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to establish a tax credit for qualified combined heat and power system property, and for other purposes.

US HB7820

To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to modify the rules for investments in qualified opportunity funds, and for other purposes.

US SB1532

A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to modify the railroad track maintenance credit.

US SB3295

A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to establish a credit for adult child caregivers.

US HB6824

To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to establish a tax credit for qualified combined heat and power system property, and for other purposes.

US HB516

To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to modify the railroad track maintenance credit.

US SB1938

A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to modify the cover over of certain distilled spirits taxes.

US HB6010

To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend and modify the enhanced premium tax credit, and for other purposes.

US HB8137

To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to establish tax credits for the production of, and investment in, certain renewable materials.

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