US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session

US Federal Senate Bill SB1278

Introduced
10/21/25  
Introduced
4/3/25  
Refer
4/3/25  

Caption

Fog Observations and Geographic Forecasting Act

Summary

SB 1278, the Fog Observations and Geographic Forecasting Act, directs the Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere to carry out a project to improve forecasts of coastal marine fog. The bill’s stated purpose is to enhance vessel safety and reduce the economic harm caused by fog events, especially in areas where reduced visibility creates major transportation and commerce risks. To do that, the project would expand marine-based observations using additional federal platforms and commercially acquired data, including buoys, meteorological stations, stationary or drifting instruments, vessels, unmanned systems, and remote sensing tools such as hyperspectral satellite imagery. It also calls for better fog modeling, improved NOAA fog advisories, clearer communication of hazards to the public, and decision-support services that turn environmental data into actionable guidance for advisory recipients. The bill requires the Commerce Department to engage with public and private stakeholders and with Indian tribes during planning and implementation. It also requires a project plan within one year of enactment that lays out the research, development, technology transfer activities, resources, and timelines needed to achieve the project’s goals. The bill’s impact on federal law is limited but targeted: it creates a new NOAA-directed planning and implementation mandate rather than changing regulatory standards or imposing new restrictions on private parties. Its practical effect would be to expand federal forecasting and observational efforts related to marine fog, potentially improving safety for mariners, ports, coastal communities, and industries affected by low-visibility conditions. The available legislative history shows little controversy. The bill was reported by the Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee without amendment, and there are no recorded votes or committee transcripts indicating opposition. Overall sentiment appears favorable and technical, with the measure framed as a science-and-safety initiative rather than a partisan policy dispute.

Impact

The bill would require NOAA, through the Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere, to establish and plan a new federal project focused on coastal marine fog forecasting. It does not amend existing statutes directly or create new enforcement authority, but it does impose a federal planning, stakeholder engagement, and reporting obligation on the Commerce Department. The practical impact would be to expand observational networks, modeling, and advisory communication for marine fog, with benefits for maritime safety, navigation, and coastal economic activity.

Sentiment

The bill appears to have broad, noncontroversial support based on the available record. It was reported out of committee without amendment, and there are no recorded votes or transcripts showing disagreement. The tone of the measure is technical and collaborative, emphasizing improved forecasting, safety, and stakeholder engagement rather than regulatory change.

Contention

No notable points of contention are evident in the available materials. The bill’s requirements for NOAA to use additional observations, advanced modeling, and improved advisory communication are framed as operational improvements, not policy tradeoffs. The only potentially sensitive element is the mandate to consult with public and private stakeholders and Indian tribes, but the record provided does not show any opposition or dispute over that requirement.

Companion Bills

US HB3705

Same As Fog Observations and Geographic Forecasting Act

Previously Filed As

US HB3705

Fog Observations and Geographic Forecasting Act

US SB3923

Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Reauthorization Act of 2026

US SB1484

FORECAST Act of 2025 Forecasting Optimization for Robust Earth Climate Analysis and S2S Tracking Act of 2025

US HB5089

Weather Act Reauthorization Act of 2025 Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Reauthorization Act of 2025

US SB258

TORNADO Act Tornado Observations Research and Notification Assessment for Development of Operations Act

US SB324

Smarter Weather Forecasting for Water Management, Farming, and Ranching Act of 2025This bill directs the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to establish pilot projects to support improved subseasonal to seasonal precipitation forecasting for water management in the western United States and for agriculture nationwide. (Under current law, subseasonal means the time range between two weeks and three months, and seasonal means the time range between three months and two years.)Specifically, NOAA must establish a pilot project to address challenges to improving forecasting and related product development for water management in the western United States. The project must address, among other items, improvements to operational modeling in mountainous regions and to the forecasting of atmospheric rivers. NOAA must also establish a second pilot project to address challenges to improving forecasting and related product development for U.S. agriculture. The project must address, among other items, improvements to operational modeling of warm-season precipitation and to the prediction of certain spring and summer weather patterns.  Each pilot project must include activities that engage with and leverage the resources of academic institutions and entities within NOAA, and that achieve measurable objectives for operational forecast improvement. NOAA’s authority with respect to these pilot projects expires five years after the bill’s enactment. 

US HB3816

Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Reauthorization Act of 2025 National Landslide Preparedness Act Reauthorization Act of 2025 Preventing HEAT Illness and Deaths Act of 2025 Preventing Health Emergencies And Temperature-related Illness and Deaths Act of 2025 Harmful Algal Bloom and Hypoxia Research and Control Amendments Act of 2025 Weather Act Reauthorization Act of 2025

US SB322

Improving Atmospheric River Forecasts ActThis bill requires the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to establish an atmospheric river forecast improvement program.In carrying out the program, NOAA must seek to reduce loss of life and property and other economic losses caused by atmospheric river events through research and development on accurate, effective, and actionable forecasting and warnings. The program must generally involve the establishment of quantitative atmospheric river forecast skill metrics, the development of an atmospheric river forecast system within a unified forecast system, and the development of tools and products to predict periods of active or inactive atmospheric river landfalls and inland penetration, among other activities. The program must periodically test and evaluate the value of incorporating innovative observations (e.g., observations from radar, aircraft, ocean buoys, and other sources) to facilitate the improvement of modeling and forecasting. The program must also consider the development of best practices for communicating the existence and severity of atmospheric river events, as well as other information about atmospheric rivers. The program may seek to improve precipitation modeling, with an emphasis on forecasting for complex terrain. The bill also requires NOAA to acquire and sustain adequate crewed and uncrewed aircraft (i.e., drones), equipment, and personnel necessary to meet air reconnaissance mission requirements annually during the expected atmospheric river season (November through March). 

US HB3857

Snow Water Supply Forecasting Reauthorization Act of 2025

US SB2437

Snow Water Supply Forecasting Program Reauthorization Act of 2025

Similar Bills

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