US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session

US Federal House Bill HB40

Introduced
 
Introduced
1/3/25  

Caption

Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African Americans Act

Summary

HB40, titled the Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African Americans Act, would create a temporary federal commission in the legislative branch to examine the history and continuing effects of slavery and racial discrimination against African Americans. The bill directs the commission to compile evidence on slavery from 1619 through 1865, study federal, state, and private discrimination after emancipation, and analyze the ongoing economic, educational, health, and social harms associated with those practices. The commission would also be tasked with recommending educational initiatives, a formal national apology, and possible remedies or reparations, including forms of compensation, restitution, rehabilitation, and other measures intended to address the harms identified. The bill sets a reporting deadline of 18 months after the commission’s first meeting, provides for a 15-member body with appointed experts and public officials, grants subpoena and information-gathering powers, and authorizes $20 million in appropriations before the commission terminates after submitting its report.

Impact

If enacted, the bill would not itself create reparations payments or other substantive remedies, but it would establish a federal study commission with broad authority to investigate slavery, segregation, redlining, discriminatory federal programs, and related harms, and to recommend legislative responses. It would affect federal law by creating a new temporary entity in the legislative branch, authorizing subpoenas, access to federal information, staffing, contracts, and appropriations, while also signaling potential future policy changes affecting African Americans, federal agencies, and institutions implicated in the history of slavery and discrimination.

Sentiment

The available context shows no committee transcript and no recorded votes, so there is no documented floor or committee debate in the provided materials. Based on the bill text, the measure is framed in strongly moral and remedial terms, emphasizing historical injustice, racial healing, and transformation, which suggests support from sponsors and advocates for reparative justice. The absence of voting history or discussion prevents a reliable assessment of broader legislative sentiment beyond the bill’s clear advocacy-oriented purpose.

Contention

The main points of contention likely concern whether the federal government should formally study reparations, whether a national apology or compensation is appropriate, and how any descendant eligibility or compensation formula should be defined. The bill also raises potential disputes over the scope of the commission’s inquiry, including examination of private institutions, educational systems, corporations, religious organizations, and Northern complicity, as well as the $20 million authorization and the commission’s subpoena powers. Opponents may object to the premise of reparations or to federal involvement in remedies for historic wrongs, while supporters are likely to emphasize the need to document harms and develop policy responses.

Companion Bills

No companion bills found.

Previously Filed As

US SB40

Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African Americans ActThis bill establishes the Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African Americans.The commission must (1) compile documentary evidence of slavery in the United States; (2) study the role of the federal and state governments in supporting the institution of slavery; (3) analyze discriminatory laws and policies against formerly enslaved Africans and their descendants; and (4) recommend ways the United States may recognize and remedy the effects of slavery and discrimination on African Americans, including through a formal apology and compensation (i.e., reparations).The commission consists of individuals from civil society and reparations organizations and individuals appointed by the President and congressional leadership. The commission may hold hearings, subpoena witnesses and records, and contract with other entities to conduct its work.The commission must submit its final report within one year of its first meeting.

US HB40

Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African Americans Act This bill establishes the Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African Americans. The commission must (1) compile documentary evidence of slavery in the United States; (2) study the role of the federal and state governments in supporting the institution of slavery; (3) analyze discriminatory laws and policies against freed African slaves and their descendants; and (4) recommend ways the United States may recognize and remedy the effects of slavery and discrimination on African Americans, including through a formal apology and compensation (i.e., reparations). The commission consists of individuals from civil society and reparations organizations and individuals appointed by the President and congressional leadership; Members of Congress and governmental employees may not serve on the commission. The commission may hold hearings, subpoena witnesses and records, and contract with other entities to conduct its work. The commission must submit its final report within 18 months of its first meeting.

US S1181

Establishing a commission to study reparations in Massachusetts

US H1753

Establishing a commission to study reparations in Massachusetts

US HB7927

Land Reparations Commission Act

US S2838

Establishes "New Jersey Reparations Task Force."

US A1665

Establishes "New Jersey Reparations Task Force."

US HR414

Recognizing that the United States has a moral and legal obligation to provide reparations for the crime of enslavement of Africans and its lasting harm on the lives of millions of Black people in the United States.

US SCR21

An act of Congress established the museum in 2003, following decades of efforts to promote and highlight the contributions of African Americans.

US SF2368

Minnesota Migration Act establishment; study of and reparation grant appropriation for American descendants of chattel slavery who reside in Minnesota

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