Video & Transcript Research : 'patient assistance'
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WY
Wyoming 2026 Regular Session
Senate Labor, Health & Social Services Committee, March 2, 2026
Labor, Health & Social Services
Keywords:
medical necessity, insurance, healthcare policy, independent review, claim processing, shared parenting, family law, joint custody, child well-being, parental rights, pharmacy, collaborative care, healthcare, prescriptions, patient safety, Wyoming Pharmacy Act, welfare, Medicaid, employment, eligibility verification
WY
Wyoming 2026 Regular Session
House Labor, Health & Social Services Committee, March 2, 2026
Labor, Health & Social Services
Transcript Highlights:
- </c><00:27:59.039><c> can</c> some mechanism where the patient can some mechanism where the patient can
- </c> contraindication like that the patient contraindication like that the patient is<00:30:36.640><c
- We wouldn't have patients with this.
- </c><00:43:51.280><c> from</c> and treat, thus keeping patients from and treat, thus keeping patients
- </c> applicant's eligibility for assistance. applicant's eligibility for assistance.
Keywords:
medical necessity, insurance, healthcare policy, independent review, claim processing, shared parenting, family law, joint custody, child well-being, parental rights, pharmacy, collaborative care, healthcare, prescriptions, patient safety, Wyoming Pharmacy Act, welfare, Medicaid, employment, eligibility verification
AZ
Transcript Highlights:
- So if a patient is waiting for a year, that truly...
- House Bill 2190 adopts the physician assistant licensure compact to allow physician assistants to obtain
- information or patient access.
- information or patient access.
- But they were also intimidating our patients by parking right outside of the hospitals, and patients
Keywords:
physician assistants, licensure compact, medical services, multistate practice, patient care access, healthcare workforce, military families, adverse actions, dementia care, telementoring, healthcare education, rural communities, grant funding, HB 2233, rural health transformation, rural health transformation program, AHCCCS, Arizona Health Care Cost Containment System, Joint Legislative Budget Committee, JLBC
ND
North Dakota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Senate Appropriations Apr 3rd, 2025 at 08:30 am
Appropriations
Transcript Highlights:
- This bill is narrowly tailored for patients with drugs for which there is no generic.
- And it's the same for people with hemophilia, MS, ALS, and cancer patients.
- And it's the same for people with hemophilia, for MS, for ALS, cancer patients.
- Theoretically, yes, because what happens is patient assistance from, say, a drug manufacturer or from
- And a lot of patients do get assistance from the drug manufacturer because they research this for years
Keywords:
adult residential facilities, care services, Medicaid, payment rates, elderly care, health services, North Dakota, prescription drugs, drug affordability, copay assistance, copayment accumulator, deductible accumulator, out-of-pocket maximum, health insurance, health benefit plan, self-insured health plan, self-funded plan, third-party payment, manufacturer assistance, patient assistance program
Summary:
The Appropriations Committee met with a quorum and took up three bills. House Bill 1216, dealing with prescription drug expense co-pay accumulators in health plans, was presented by Rep. Karen Carl’s, who explained it would prevent insurers from refusing to count third-party assistance toward deductibles for patients using high-cost, non-generic drugs. An amendment was offered to clarify effective dates, including a delayed January 1, 2026 start for PERS coverage. PERS testified that the amendment would align with its calendar-year benefit structure and likely reduce the fiscal note. The amendment was adopted 16-0, and the bill was set aside for further discussion later.
House Bill 1199, creating a criminal justice data-sharing system and missing persons/missing Indigenous people task force, was introduced with a committee amendment changing the Attorney General reference to the Attorney General or designee. The committee noted the bill includes a $250,000 general fund appropriation for ongoing costs. The amendment passed 16-0, and the amended bill received a do pass recommendation by a 15-1 vote, with one no vote from Senator Magrum.
House Bill 1531, appropriating $75,000 for an irrigation expansion study by the Agriculture Commissioner, was supported as a way to update older economic-impact studies on irrigation and assess opportunities for expansion. Members discussed its relationship to broader study pauses and the history of irrigation development in the state, including Garrison Diversion and remaining authorized acres. The bill passed 16-0. The committee then discussed scheduling for the coming week, noting a heavy bill load and plans for daily morning meetings before adjourning.
HI
Transcript Highlights:
- Representative David Alcos III asked a question about whether the bill would assist with planned travel
- and whether it could also assist with emergency travel.
- Representative Alcos III clarified that he understood the bill would assist with planned travel, but
- think, to highlight here is that whether it be an APRN or a physician, they have a bona fide provider-patient
- So what happens before that point is between the provider and the patient and the family.
Keywords:
emergency funding, food assistance, healthcare, federal shutdown, Hawaii, DHS, jury duty, advanced practice registered nurses, physician assistants, exemption, patient care, financial hardship, medication abortion, anonymous prescription, pregnancy rights, healthcare privacy, pharmacy regulations, chiropractic education, clinical training, student supervision
Summary:
The House Committee on Health held its first hearing of the session and opened with housekeeping notes, introductions of members, and an explanation that the agenda would be taken out of order to accommodate a sign language interpreter. The committee first heard HB 469, relating to parking for disabled persons. Testimony from the Disability and Communications Access Board and the State Council on Developmental Disabilities supported the bill, explaining that a travel placard would help people with disabilities who must travel interisland or to the mainland for medical care. Members asked about emergency travel, misuse prevention, and how to distinguish the travel placard from existing disabled parking placards; witnesses said the bill would need to be tied to administrative rules, and agreed the placard should clearly show an expiration date and likely be a different color. No vote was taken.
The committee then heard HB 218, relating to hospital surgical smoke. The Department of Health supported the measure, and the Healthcare Association of Hawaii supported it with amendments, saying hospitals already follow existing standards but that any new policy should account for different procedures and provider safety. A committee member questioned the proposed amendment language and whether it was too flexible; the witness explained the intent was to allow case-by-case application because some procedures generate only brief exposure. Members also asked what surgical smoke is, and the witness explained it is produced when electrical or cauterizing tools are used on tissue and creates vapor or fumes. The bill remained under discussion with no final action reported.
The committee next took up HB 814, which would fund a public information campaign and related services on cannabis use among youth. The Department of the Attorney General said the bill should be amended to clarify whether the funding would be used for contracts or grants and to include proper grant standards if grants are intended. The Department of Health supported the bill and said the funds would expand prevention, treatment, recovery, and public education efforts, including social media outreach, PSAs, and school-based youth services. Multiple organizations and individuals testified in support, emphasizing the harms of youth cannabis use and the need for prevention and treatment resources. Members asked what the department currently does, whether it is fulfilling existing law on science-based cannabis information, and what kinds of treatment would be provided; the department said services would mainly be intensive outpatient, outpatient, counseling, and related youth-focused supports. No vote was taken during the hearing.
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Health Finance and Policy Committee 3/24/25
Health Finance and Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- </c> consent wasn't um granted by the patient consent wasn't um granted by the patient and<00:12:14.079
- </c> and so I'm hearing that from patients and so I'm hearing that from patients but<00:12:16.880><c>
- </c><00:16:19.839><c> could</c> as this bill is written a patient could as this bill is written a patient
- </c> thing even if it would help the patient thing even if it would help the patient because<00:18:38.280
- </c> the underlying Bill medical assistance the underlying Bill medical assistance account<00:42:51.000
Keywords:
informed consent, sensitive examinations, healthcare, patient rights, anesthesia, hot water pools, rental properties, public health, safety regulations, Minnesota Statutes, health care access, hospital surcharge, fund allocation, medical assistance, health funding, health care, education, bonding capacity, financing, Minnesota Higher Education Facilities Authority
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Health Finance and Policy Committee 3/25/26
Health Finance and Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- </c> for medication-assisted treatment. for medication-assisted treatment.
- </c> helping patients, not harming them. helping patients, not harming them.
- </c><00:52:25.000><c> assistant</c> the 2024 Medicaid assistance assistant the 2024 Medicaid assistance
- </c> patient and their doctor. patient and their doctor.
- </c> patient. There's so many other forces. patient. There's so many other forces.
Keywords:
opioid use disorder, OUD, medication-assisted treatment, MAT, pharmacist prescribing, pharmacy practice, controlled substances, Schedule III, Schedule IV, Schedule V, DEA registration, Board of Pharmacy, substance use disorder, addiction treatment, buprenorphine, naltrexone, harm reduction, prescription authority, pharmacist intern, Minnesota pharmacy law
LA
Transcript Highlights:
- This establishes a patient protection requirement for hospice patients.
- This establishes a patient me, three.
- This establishes a patient protection requirement for hospice patients.
- And if a patient is in a facility but a hospice outside is managing that patient inside the facility,
- Thank you. ...that patient in-home would be getting is from hospice.
Bills:
HR174, HR194, HCR98, SB39, SB124, SB190, SB236, SB270, SB273, SB359, SB415, SB426, SB437, SB451
Keywords:
fenbendazole, cancer treatment, public health, FDA, clinical trials, patient safety, visual acuity, student health, de-identified data, longitudinal analysis, education policy, SNAP, food stamps, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, grocery delivery, delivery fees, service charges, online grocery, food access, food insecurity
TX
Texas 89th Regular
Senate Committee on Health and Human Services May 14th, 2025
Health & Human Services
Transcript Highlights:
- and patients.
- It's to serve patients better sometimes.
- This activity reduces patient choice, reduces patient access, and distorts the market for vision services
- Of their quality or whether they're accepting new patients.
- Because the care of an ALS patient—ALS patients have a motor neuron disease...
Bills:
HB107, HB742, HB1639, HB1700, HB2071, HB2187, HB2402, HB2516, HB3211, HB4529, HB5342, HB694, HB923, HB4655, HB107
Keywords:
sickle cell disease, registry, health data, confidentiality, healthcare access, human trafficking, first responders, health care, training, reporting, protection, cancer, female firefighters, health study, state health services, fire protection, telemedicine, teledentistry, telehealth, health records
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- and patients.
- It's to serve patients better sometimes.
- This activity reduces patient choice, reduces patient access, and distorts the market for vision services
- Because the care of an ALS patient, ALS patients, it's a motor neuron disease, you lose the ability to
- Improper staffing harms patient outcomes.
Bills:
HB 107, HB742, HB1639, HB1700, HB2071, HB2187, HB2402, HB2516, HB3211, HB4529, HB5342, HB694, HB923, HB4655
Keywords:
sickle cell disease, registry, health data, confidentiality, healthcare access, human trafficking, first responders, health care, training, reporting, protection, cancer, female firefighters, health study, state health services, fire protection, telemedicine, teledentistry, telehealth, health records
Summary:
The committee heard testimony on a series of health and human services bills and left each one pending after public testimony. HB 4655 would expand financial literacy instruction for youth aging out of foster care to include credit scores, predatory lending, scams, banking, budgeting, and related consumer topics; the sponsor and Buckner International described the need to protect foster youth from financial pitfalls. HB 923 would add three public members and one physician to the Texas Medical Disclosure Panel; supporters said it would improve informed consent and patient voice, while a witness raised concerns about a House amendment requiring a physician majority for decisions and senators questioned scope-of-practice limits. HHSC said the panel is an independent body and the bill expressly bars it from changing scope of practice.
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Health Finance and Policy Committee 4/13/26
Health Finance and Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- Section four updates for the patient.
- safety, patient safety, patient safety.
- safety, patient safety, patient safety.
- safety, patient safety, patient safety.
- It is never used by a patient on themselves. It is never bought by a patient at a retail pharmacy.
Keywords:
residential pools, swimming classes, certification, private business, health safety, health care, prior authorization, managed care, medical assistance, mental health, substance use treatment, chronic conditions, health insurance, insulin, healthcare access, pharmacy regulations, patient assistance, affordable medication, healthcare, pharmacy
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- I'm the American Legion Department of Minnesota legislative chair, and I'm an assistant county veteran
- I'm the American Legion Department of Minnesota legislative chair, and I'm an assistant county veteran
- everybody, but it's very costly, and the way that it works is that it's significant ongoing rental assistance
- is that it's significant ongoing works is that it's significant ongoing rental<00:53:51.400><c> assistance
- </c><00:53:52.280><c> and</c> rental assistance and rental assistance and services<00:53:54.280><c> including
Keywords:
HF169, Minnesota insurance, health plan, summary of benefits and coverage, SBC, patient assistance program, deductible, health insurer, consumer disclosure, out-of-pocket costs, medical assistance funds, copay assistance, health coverage transparency, chapter 62Q, enrollee, HF195, Fairmont, street reconstruction, bonding bill, capital investment
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Judiciary Committee Meeting - 2026-04-14
Judiciary Finance and Civil Law
Transcript Highlights:
- They include things like a health care directive or assistance with cooking or cleaning.
- The main issue here is when we kick people off of medical assistance, they still get sick.
- The main issue here is when we kick people off of medical assistance, they still get sick.
- The main issue here is when we kick people off of medical assistance, they still get sick.
- The main issue here is when we kick people off of medical assistance, they still get sick.
Keywords:
foster care, ombudsperson, investigative powers, children's rights, complaint process, HF4428, Medical Assistance, Medicaid, community engagement, work requirement, work mandate, employment requirement, community service, 80 hours, half-time student, income threshold, federal minimum wage, eligibility verification, benefit suspension, benefit termination
FL
Transcript Highlights:
- First, we'll take up tab two members, Senate Bill 192 on patient funds held in trust by chiropractic
- bill that does not expand the scope of chiropractic practice, and it does not weaken any consumer or patient
- It simply removes eight words in the statute that impose a $1,500 cap on the amount of patient funds
- for the Florida Chiropractic Society, a Florida chiropractor business owner serving thousands of patients
- Since that time, we've continued to lead the nation by creating other specialty courts that aim to assist
Keywords:
public records, employee protection, Judicial Qualifications Commission, information exemption, confidentiality, chiropractic physician, chiropractor, patient trust funds, escrow, advance payments, prepaid treatment, trust account, fiduciary duty, patient property, Florida Statutes 460.413, Board of Chiropractic Medicine, disciplinary action, commingling of funds, client funds, medical billing
Summary:
The Senate Judiciary Committee met with a quorum present and first postponed SB 532. It then heard and approved SB 620, which requires candidates for federal, state, county, district, judicial, and school board office to disclose any citizenship other than U.S. citizenship. The bill drew one waiver in opposition from Common Cause and passed 8-0. The committee also heard SB 1396 on litigation financing consumer protection. Supporters said it would add transparency, limit funder control over litigation, and require disclosure of foreign entities involved in funding; opponents argued it would create strategic advantages for defendants and could burden plaintiffs. The bill passed 7-2. The committee later approved SB 192, repealing a $1,500 cap on patient funds held in trust by chiropractic physicians, and SB 888, extending limits on indemnity and insurance requirements for design professionals in private contracts; both passed unanimously among those voting.
The committee also approved several Judiciary-related measures. CS/SB 332, as amended, creates a narrow temporary public meetings/public records exemption for certain pre-suit Burt Harris litigation strategy discussions by local governments, and passed 7-0. SB 820, which strengthens quarterly reporting requirements for problem-solving courts, passed 10-0. SB 1500, implementing probate process recommendations to raise small-estate thresholds, clarify access to safe deposit boxes, and improve enforcement in uncontested probate, also passed 10-0. SB 144, creating a public records exemption for personal information of current and former Judicial Qualifications Commission employees and their families due to harassment concerns, passed 9-1.
The committee then approved CS/SB 1224, as amended, making it a third-degree felony to fraudulently obtain possession of a rental unit through false written statements, counterfeit documents, or impersonation; the bill passed 10-0. SB 1000, setting a floor and ceiling for interest rates on law firm trust accounts tied to the Wall Street Journal prime rate, passed 10-0 after testimony from banking and credit union representatives and support from Senate leadership. Finally, CS/SB 694, providing compensation to the descendants of the Groveland Four, was heard with emotional testimony from family members and advocates describing the wrongful convictions, killings, and decades-long effort for redress; an amendment specified equal shares for the four families, and the bill passed 10-0. Several members requested to be recorded as voting in the affirmative on specific bills before the committee adjourned.
TX
Texas 89th Regular
S/C on Disease Prevention & Women's & Children's Health Mar 27th, 2025
S/C on Disease Prevention & Women's & Children's Health
Transcript Highlights:
- If you require assistance in registering or testifying, please speak to our assistant clerk at the desk
- Early diagnosis of DMD is crucial for our patients.
- Even low-level protein restoration can lead to improved outcomes for patients.
- So, let me tell you about two patients. I do see patients in the clinic.
- The second patient is a 58-year-old woman. She has a college degree.
Keywords:
Medicaid, child health, express lane option, income verification, supplemental nutrition assistance, telepharmacy, healthcare access, remote dispensing, rural clinics, pharmacy regulations, health literacy, state health plan, health care, patient outcomes, public health, economic impact, healthcare, breast cancer, cervical cancer, insurance eligibility
FL
Transcript Highlights:
- No, our patients already know what we do. They know who we are. Most patients do.
- But my patients aren’t confused.
- Patients are not confused about that. Thank you.”
- This revolving door doesn't work for patients.
- This revolving door doesn't work for patients.
Keywords:
nursing title, advanced practice registered nurse, advertising, professional standards, disciplinary action, uterine fibroids, public records, health privacy, epidemiology, medical information, emergency department, physicians, privacy, personal information, sickle cell disease, sickle cell anemia, pain management, controlled substances, prescribing education, continuing medical education
Summary:
The committee first considered SB 268, a public records exemption for emergency physicians. Senator Rodriguez’s strike-all amendment narrowed and clarified the exemption, and testimony from an emergency physician described threats, harassment, and safety concerns tied to mandatory reporting and patient encounters. The committee adopted the amendment and reported the bill favorably as a committee substitute.
Members then heard SB 514, creating the Dula Support for Healthy Births Pilot Program in Broward, Miami-Dade, and Palm Beach counties for pregnant and postpartum women affected by substance use disorder. Senator Osgood explained the pilot would provide non-medical doula support and data collection, and an amendment changed the funding source to specific appropriations in the General Appropriations Act. Supporters said doula care can improve maternal and infant outcomes and complement medical providers. The committee adopted the amendment and reported the bill favorably as a committee substitute.
The committee also approved SB 36 on use of professional nursing titles after extensive debate over whether nurses with doctoral degrees should be allowed to use “doctor” in clinical settings, with concerns raised about patient confusion and the need for clearer identification. The bill was amended to align with the House version and then reported favorably as a committee substitute. The committee next approved SB 864, a public records exemption for uterine fibroid research data, after a technical amendment setting a July 1, 2026 effective date; Senator Sharif said the exemption is needed so the Department of Health can collect sensitive data for the related research bill. SB 844, requiring continuing education on sickle cell disease care management for certain licensed physicians and nurses, was also reported favorably after emotional testimony from patients and advocates describing delayed care and bias.
Later, the committee approved SB 1404 on memory care, after a strike-all amendment creating a new memory care specialty license for assisted living facilities that advertise or provide specialized memory care services, while allowing optional supportive services without the new license. Supporters from the senior living industry backed the clarification. The committee then passed SB 914, which clarifies that licensed occupational therapists may perform dry needling, after an amendment adjusting supervision and continuing education language. Finally, the committee took up SB 1758, a broad Medicaid and SNAP reform bill that would strengthen fraud enforcement, impose Medicaid work requirements for certain able-bodied adults, expand behavioral health services, modernize drug purchasing and prior authorization, and require SNAP fraud-reduction measures. Several amendments were adopted, and members questioned the work requirement, implementation costs, EBT card photo identification, and due process concerns; debate continued as the transcript ended.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- , HB3540 fails to ensure patient safety.
- Those are patients that were wardens of the state.
- . patients kind of navigate if they have those issues.
- first and providing patient-centered care.
- We are still responsible for assisting EMS.
Bills:
HB 3772, HB 1656, HB 4504, HB 1896, HB 4420, HB 4421, HB 4076, HB 3708, HB 2806, HB 3540, HB 1586, HB 5459, HB 4553, HB 4535, HB 3811, HB 3749, HB 4255, HB 4051, HB 5098, HB 3554, HB 4539, HB 5274
Keywords:
e-cigarettes, health and safety, regulations, directory, penalties, regulation, certification, compliance, manufacturers, FDA, nicotine, mental health, emergency detention, paramedic authority, mental illness, healthcare facility, public health, covenants not to compete, health care practitioners, physicians
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- There is no assistance for the grain elevator or the cotton gin.
- if that patient worsens?
- You've established a patient relationship with you being the patient, a human.
- tool for me, my patients, and their owners.
- Each day we receive 30 to 40 requests for assistance pleading.
Keywords:
agriculture, finance, young farmers, financial assistance, pest control, veterinarian, veterinary medicine, veterinary telemedicine, telehealth, telemedicine, veterinarian-client-patient relationship, VCPR, animal health, livestock, pets, remote care, electronic means, telephone consultation, controlled substances, prescription drugs
Summary:
The second bill, House Bill 3469, was introduced to address pest control regulations concerning nuisance birds. Representative Campos explained how the bill proposes non-lethal methods to deter these birds, such as the use of laser lights and sounds, which avoids conflict with both state and federal regulations. The committee heard impassioned testimonies from members of the public who shared firsthand experiences regarding the adverse effects of these birds on property and public health. The meeting concluded with both bills being left pending, reflecting a desire for further deliberation among the committee members.
FL
Florida 2026 Regular Session
Appropriations Committee on Health and Human Services Feb 4th, 2026
Appropriations Committee on Health and Human Services
Transcript Highlights:
- I'm a client of the AIDS Drug Assistance Program.
- We create a framework for providing access to health care practitioners to patients in each of these
- The goal of this bill is to protect those relationships on behalf of the patients.
- The goal of this bill is to protect those relationships on behalf of the patients.
- It simply creates a pathway for the continuation of their practices to protect patients.
Keywords:
pediatric care, emergency departments, hospital regulations, patient safety, health care standards, veterans, dental care, healthcare, grant program, income assistance, human trafficking, nurse licensure, registered nurse, RN, licensed practical nurse, LPN, Florida Board of Nursing, Department of Health, licensure by examination, nursing education
Summary:
The Appropriations Committee on Health and Human Services heard public comment first on the AIDS Drug Assistance Program and the iBudget waiver. Testimony on the HIV program warned that proposed Department of Health changes could disrupt care for thousands of clients, create confusion, and force people off life-saving medications; a senator suggested affected clients explore medically needy and FQHC/340B options. Testimony on iBudget urged support for a roughly 7% rate adjustment for direct support professionals, citing rising costs and the need to sustain the developmental disabilities workforce.
The committee then considered several bills. SB 428 expanded Florida’s swim lesson voucher program from children ages 0-4 to ages 1-7 and was reported favorably. SB 68 required hospitals with emergency departments to adopt pediatric emergency care policies, training, equipment standards, and readiness assessments; an amendment aligning reporting dates with the House was adopted, and the bill was reported favorably. SB 1718 lengthened the time an adult may stay in an out-of-home placement before being treated as a visitor, reduced background screening burdens for foster families, made the Step Into Success program permanent, and created a best-practices program; it was also reported favorably.
The committee next approved SB 606, which adds drowning-prevention and safe-bathing education to postpartum materials and requires related compliance records, and SB 96, which expands the Veterans Dental Care Grant Program to veterans up to 400% of the federal poverty level; an amendment removed the bill’s specific $500,000 appropriation so funding can be handled in the budget process. SB 340 required nursing education to include a two-hour human trafficking course before licensure, and SB 1480 created a grandfathering process for certain area-of-critical-need health care providers if federal designations change, both of which were reported favorably. The committee adjourned after all bills passed their roll calls.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Our research has found that only 29% of eligible patients actually receive financial assistance.
- hospital financial viability. financial assistance only applies to patients who can't afford to pay anyways
- We've helped patients apply for hospital financial assistance programs at almost every hospital in the
- I'm asking that this committee protect patients by ensuring that they get the assistance they deserve
- One patient, a 38-year-old. ...le to navigate the system and seek assistance.
Bills:
HB3772, HB1656, HB4504, HB1896, HB4420, HB4421, HB4076, HB3708, HB2806, HB3540, HB1586, HB5459, HB4553, HB4535, HB3811, HB3749, HB4255, HB4051, HB5098, HB3554, HB4539, HB5274
Keywords:
e-cigarettes, health and safety, regulations, directory, penalties, regulation, certification, compliance, manufacturers, FDA, nicotine, mental health, emergency detention, paramedic authority, mental illness, healthcare facility, public health, covenants not to compete, health care practitioners, physicians