Video & Transcript Research : 'hearsay'

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TX

Texas 89th Regular

Corrections Apr 30th, 2025

Corrections

Transcript Highlights:
  • Members, House Bill 2729 simply prohibits the use of hearsay evidence in a hearing for a violation of
  • Just that it's, yes, and that it's hearsay evidence, and there's no physical evidence.
TX

Texas 89th Regular

Corrections Apr 30th, 2025 at 08:04 am

Corrections

Transcript Highlights:
  • Members, House Bill 2729 simply prohibits the use of hearsay evidence in a hearing for a violation of
  • Just that it's, yes, and that it's hearsay evidence and there's no physical evidence. That's it.
Summary: The Corrections Committee first took up pending business and reported several previously heard bills favorably to the full House, including HB 1515 and SB 2405, the TDCJ Sunset bill and its Senate companion, HB 5639 on the veteran housing program, HB 2854 on hospital visits as a parole or mandatory supervision condition and related hospital liability, and SB 1080 on occupational licenses for people with criminal convictions. The committee also heard and advanced SB 1080 without amendment, then moved into new business. A major portion of the meeting focused on HB 3618, which would limit invasive group strip searches of female inmates in TDCJ facilities. Formerly incarcerated women and advocates testified in support, describing humiliation, trauma, barriers to programming, and arguing that searches were often ineffective and that contraband more often comes from staff. TDCJ’s resource witness said the agency has looked at technology such as millimeter scanners and is in the process of placing them in facilities, while the bill sponsor said the measure would preserve searches in emergencies and require female officers when women are unclothed. HB 3618 was left pending. The committee also heard HB 4515 on expanding orders of nondisclosure, with the author saying the committee substitute would narrow the bill to marijuana possession only; supporters from Alliance for Safety and Justice and Right on Crime argued it would improve reentry and public safety, while members asked about eligibility and related offenses. HB 1826, requiring depression screenings for pregnant and postpartum incarcerated women, drew support from women’s health advocates and formerly incarcerated witnesses; the bill was left pending. HB 1969, to help people leaving prison renew or obtain driver’s licenses, and HB 2708, expanding nondisclosure eligibility for certain misdemeanor convictions, were also laid out and left pending. Later, the committee heard HB 2729, which would bar hearsay evidence in hearings on violations of release conditions, and SB 1021, which would make stalking convictions ineligible for community supervision and add related victim-protection provisions; both were left pending. SB 1610, addressing civil commitment facility safety, sex offender registration, and penalties for assaults on staff, drew strong opposition from civil commitment residents, family members, and civil rights advocates who argued it was punitive and raised due process concerns; the resource witness said assaults had increased and explained the civil commitment process and existing legal safeguards. Finally, HB 4764 would require TDCJ to report detailed annual data on restrictive housing; supporters said the bill would improve transparency around solitary confinement, and the committee left it pending before adjourning.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
  • Really an oversight and hearsay statement admissibility between criminal and juvenile proceedings by
  • Enhances protections for vulnerable individuals by standardizing the admissibility of hearsay statements
  • Specifically, it raises the age for the outcry, witness, hearsay, acceptance, and juvenile court bringing
  • In other words, the mother would be able to testify, but not as any kind of exceptions through the hearsay
  • exception of a witness hearsay that way, even though it's really not crying.
TX

Texas 89th Regular

Criminal Jurisprudence May 6th, 2025

Criminal Jurisprudence

Transcript Highlights:
  • What Senate Bill 1019 does is fix that by addressing the discrepancy in hearsay statement admissibility
  • Senate Bill 1019 enhances protections for vulnerable individuals by standardizing the admissibility of hearsay
AZ

Arizona 2026 Regular Session

03/23/2026 - Senate Federalism and Family Law

Federalism and Family Law

Transcript Highlights:
  • That's what hearsay is."
  • Garcia continued: "There are exceptions to the hearsay rule, so sometimes hearsay can come in if it's
  • exception to hearsay.
  • of hearsay against hearsay in court trials.
  • of hearsay in court trials.
Summary: The committee first heard HB 2793, which would let cities and towns expedite annexations when 100% of the property owners request it, waive the 30-day waiting period and public hearing in those cases, and allow electronic newspaper notice and a single on-site posting for small single-parcel annexations. Buckeye testified in support, saying the bill would streamline uncontested annexations and reduce delay and cost, while a Tucson-area senator raised concerns that faster annexation can limit public awareness and input. The bill passed 4-3 for a due pass recommendation. HB 2041, which would prohibit a parent, guardian, or custodian from being treated as abusing or neglecting a child solely because poverty prevents them from providing supervision, clothing, food, shelter, or medical care, drew strong support from child welfare and anti-poverty advocates. Opponents argued the bill still leaves room for investigations based on poverty and should more fully remove poverty from the neglect definition. The committee also heard HB 2239, creating a child care grant program and infrastructure fund at DES; witnesses from northern Arizona and child care providers described shortages, workforce challenges, and the need for facilities and support. An amendment adding tax-credit language and opening eligibility to entities seeking to open child care facilities was adopted, and the amended bill passed 6-0 with one not voting. The committee then approved HB 2321, requiring DCS to place a credit freeze on a child’s credit report when the child enters care, by a 7-0 vote. HB 2371, allowing consenting divorcing parties without minor children to use AI-assisted arbitration and adding a separate amendment on therapeutic interventions in parenting cases, prompted questions about whether AI arbitration is currently used and whether the amendment was germane; it passed 4-3. HB 2594, concerning the Address Confidentiality Program in family court and making attempts to obtain protected address information a felony, passed unanimously after testimony from a survivor and advocates. HB 2661, which requires DCS to inform parents under investigation that they may delegate temporary guardianship and seek court relief, passed 4-3 after amendment removed attestation and documentation requirements. Finally, HB 2995, a major domestic-violence custody bill, was heard with extensive testimony from survivors, attorneys, and legal aid advocates. The bill removes the “significant” domestic violence threshold, adds coercive control to the analysis, requires domestic violence to be treated as contrary to the child’s best interests, and mandates detailed court findings; supporters said it addresses cases where abuse was minimized in custody decisions, while members raised concerns about evidentiary standards, implementation, and the risk of false allegations. The committee adopted a 13-page amendment and then gave the amended bill a due pass recommendation by a 4-3 vote.
VT

Vermont 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Session - 2026-02-04 - 3:30PM

Vermont House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • H5, an act relating to a hearsay exception for a child under 16 years of age.
  • >> H5, an act relating to a hearsay >> H5, an act relating to a hearsay exception<00
  • It is important to note that H5 does not create a new hearsay exception.
  • <00:13:53.200> exception reaffirms that the hearsay exception reaffirms that the hearsay exception
  • The court must hearsay exception.
Keywords: 926, house, all
Summary: The House convened, suspended its rules to introduce 18 bills by number only, and referred the bills to the appropriate committees. House Bill 647, relating to the Vermont Sister State Program and carrying an appropriation, was referred to Appropriations under House Rule 35A. The chamber also read several resolutions: HR13, concerning support for the people of Palestine and Israel and the end of apartheid, was treated as a bill and referred to Government Operations and Military Affairs; JR88, condemning a U.S. military incursion in Venezuela and calling for withdrawal of U.S. forces, was likewise referred to Government Operations and Military Affairs; and JRS37, supporting gender equality in Nordic combined Olympic competition, was referred to Commerce and Economic Development. JRS39, a weekend adjournment resolution, was adopted in concurrence. On the action calendar, the House passed H541, relating to interference with voters and election officials. It then took up H5, which expands Vermont’s existing hearsay exception for child victims from age 12 and under to age 15 in specified abuse and sexual assault proceedings, with judicial safeguards and a July 1, 2026 effective date. The Judiciary Committee reported the bill favorably 10-1, and the House adopted the committee amendment and ordered third reading. The House also considered H626, a major Judiciary Committee bill on voyeurism, non-consensual disclosure of explicit images, and sexual extortion. Committee members described the bill as updating criminal and civil remedies for image-based abuse, creating a separate sextortion offense, extending criminal statutes of limitation, and clarifying civil recovery for trauma-related harm. During floor debate, members questioned the distinction between the voyeurism and disclosure provisions and the meaning of “reasonable expectation of privacy”; the committee responded with examples and statutory explanations, including that voyeurism covers unlawful recording while the disclosure offense covers later dissemination of images. The bill remained under consideration as the discussion continued.
KY
Transcript Highlights:
  • The motion for summary judgment talked about hearsay evidence.
  • I don't know why they say there's hearsay.
  • Uh you've talked about hearsay evidence.
  • You heard the there's there's hearsay.
  • That's not hearsay. We have turned over recordings of interviews.
Keywords: 958, all
Summary: The Kentucky Legislative Ethics Commission met on November 18, 2025, approved the October 14 minutes, and then took up five motions in ethics matters 24LEC3 and 24LEC6. Those motions included a renewed motion to dismiss and motion to quash by Representative Daniel Gberg, a renewed motion to compel/sanctions and continuance request by Mr. Jenkins, and competing motions in limine concerning evidence and redaction of deposition transcripts. Vice Chair Mike Schaw was appointed hearing officer for the motion practice, and the commission agreed to hear the motions one at a time in open session. Representative Chris Lily joined later by Zoom. Counsel for Representative Gberg argued the remaining allegations were minor, that the commission lacked key exculpatory materials such as an alleged LRC report, policies, procedures, and training materials, and that the record did not support the ethics charges. She also argued the case had been broadened by extraneous allegations and that the respondent had been unfairly prejudiced. Enforcement counsel responded that he had produced all materials in his possession, that any LRC materials were not in the commission’s custody, and that the commission’s probable-cause findings were based on sworn testimony and affidavits already in the record. He argued the motions to dismiss and for summary judgment should be denied because genuine issues of material fact remained and the commission had already found probable cause on three ethics violations. Commission members questioned both sides about the alleged LRC report and whether it was part of the commission’s record. The chair stated the commission had not relied on any LRC report and had not withheld anything, while another member emphasized that the proceeding concerned alleged violations of the ethics code, not LRC sexual-harassment policy. A commissioner also noted the unusual structure of the proceeding and questioned whether the complaints, taken as true, stated a basis for dismissal. The transcript ends during continued discussion of the standard for dismissal and summary judgment, with no final ruling on the motions captured in the excerpt.
VT

Vermont 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Session - 2026-02-06 - 11:30AM

Vermont Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • H5, an act relating to a hearsay exemption for a child under 16 years of age, introduced by Representative
  • Listen to the first reading of the bill. >> H5, an act relating to a hearsay exemption for a child under
  • 06:27.600> a<00:06:27.919> child<00:06:28.479> under<00:06:29.280> 16 hearsay
  • exemption for a child under 16 hearsay exemption for a child under 16 years<00:06:30.319> of<
  • >> H5, an act relating to a hearsay >> H5, an act relating to a hearsay exemption<00
Keywords: 927, senate, all
FL

Florida 2026 Regular Session

Ethics and Elections Jan 14th, 2025

Ethics and Elections

Transcript Highlights:
  • Senate Bill 7014 is that a complaint must be based on personal information or information other than hearsay
  • observed the alleged conduct or whether they have provided information with the complaint that is not hearsay
  • deadline in the life of a complaint requires that the personal information or information other than hearsay
  • as the ones that you reference, will fail on both the personal knowledge or information other than hearsay
  • to our model in our new rulemaking as a result of the personal knowledge or information other than hearsay
Summary: The Senate Committee on Ethics and Elections convened, established a quorum, and members introduced themselves and the committee staff. Chair Gaetz outlined the committee’s jurisdiction over election law, ethics law, executive appointments, and related confirmations, and described the committee’s process for handling gubernatorial nominations and member concerns about nominees. The committee then received a briefing from the Florida Commission on Ethics on its 2025 legislative priorities and on implementation of Senate Bill 7014 from the prior year. The commission recommended three changes: expanding the definition of “relative” in the gift law to include current and former foster parents and foster children; authorizing salary withholding to help collect civil penalties and restitution; and adding whistleblower-like protections for people who file ethics complaints. Commission staff also explained how SB 7014 changed complaint processing by requiring allegations to be based on personal knowledge or non-hearsay information and by imposing new deadlines for legal sufficiency review, investigations, and advocates’ recommendations. They said the commission has adapted its intake and review process and is currently meeting the new timelines, though the tighter deadlines may create staffing and scheduling challenges. Commission counsel also provided an update on two active lawsuits. One challenges the constitutional in-office lobbying ban, and the other challenges the requirement that elected municipal officers and mayors file Form 6 financial disclosure forms. The committee discussed the impact of the new complaint standards, the possibility of litigation if deadlines are missed, and whether local ethics boards are implementing SB 7014 similarly. Members expressed support for the commission’s work and asked for written legislative recommendations and proposed statutory language. No votes were taken, and the meeting ended with a motion to adjourn.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Rep. Frazier Press Conference 4/13/26

Transcript Highlights:
  • lot<00:19:43.720> of<00:19:43.800> this<00:19:44.000> is<00:19:44.159> hearsay
  • ,<00:19:44.840> if<00:19:45.040> not that a lot of this is hearsay, if not that a lot
  • of this is hearsay, if not all<00:19:45.440> of<00:19:45.560> it.
  • <00:19:56.960> That's<00:19:57.120> not<00:19:57.320> hearsay.
  • That's not hearsay. directly impacted. That's not hearsay.
Keywords: 1183, house
Summary: Representative Cedric Frazier opened the meeting by describing the ongoing harms from Operation Metro Surge, saying the state was still dealing with family separation, school disruption, workforce damage, and economic instability. He framed the issue as a statewide crisis and called on Republican colleagues to acknowledge the harm and work with DFL members on accountability and relief. He said the current budget work was urgent but could not fully backfill the damage, and later noted that the issue had been a top priority since the surge began. Testimony from school and business leaders focused on concrete impacts. Fridley Public Schools Superintendent Brenda Lewis said her district, which serves a large Black, Hispanic, and East and West African student population, was targeted during the surge and saw major enrollment losses, including students moving out of state or country or being held in Texas facilities. She said the district lost over $1 million in revenue and that the loss could equal about 40 teachers or an entire elementary school. Columbia Heights School Board Chair Mary Granlund said her district, with a limited tax base, was also heavily affected and warned that business closures and unfunded mandates would shift costs to homeowners and force cuts to classes, teachers, and programs. Lee Ann Rasiejka of Women Venture and the CDFI coalition said small businesses across Minnesota were facing compounded disruption from federal law enforcement activity, tariffs, rising costs, and fear, with more than $213 million in lost revenue reported across Twin Cities corridors and many businesses cutting hours, delaying hiring, or pausing growth. In response to questions, Frazier and other speakers said the proposed aid would be statewide rather than focused only on the Twin Cities, and that the bill currently had no set dollar amount but they hoped for around $100 million. They said CDFIs and local community groups would help distribute resources. Frazier said some Republican members had acknowledged harm in their own communities and suggested compromise was possible, though he criticized leadership for dismissing some testimony as hearsay. He also said ongoing law enforcement investigations into alleged crimes by federal agents would not be necessary to establish the harm, pointing instead to direct testimony from affected residents and school officials. No votes were taken in the portion provided.
TX

Texas 89th Regular

S/C on Family & Fiduciary Relationships Apr 14th, 2025

S/C on Family & Fiduciary Relationships

Transcript Highlights:
  • And you would think that's a hearsay statement; it shouldn't be allowed into evidence.
  • And that's it; that's the hearsay statement that I was talking about.
  • You have a hearsay statement that's The confidential reporter calls in the intake line, tells somebody
  • Hearsay. Hearsay is a statement against interest or a party opponent admission, but...
  • Overrides several of the hearsay exceptions under the Texas Rules of Evidence, which are extremely important
TX

Texas 89th 2nd C.S.

S/C on Family & Fiduciary Relationships Apr 14th, 2025

S/C on Family & Fiduciary Relationships

Transcript Highlights:
  • And you would think that's a hearsay statement.
  • And that that's it, that's the hearsay statement that I was talking about.
  • You have a hearsay statement that's that's the confidential reporter calls in the intake line, tells
  • I mean, that's like triple hearsay. Well it would be.
  • This bill specifically overrides several of the hearsay exceptions under the Texas Rules of Evidence,
WA
Transcript Highlights:
  • This is hearsay from anonymous sources. What was sheep? Was the witness present?
  • Objection, hearsay. Who's Employment Council? Ms. Isentrout, your response to that objection?
  • That's hearsay. She's testifying about things that Employment Council said. That's hearsay.
  • Hearsay is admissible in this proceeding.
  • That doesn't mean that it's carte blanche on just anything can be hearsay.
Keywords: 904, all
Summary: The hearing concerned a Legislative Ethics Board complaint against Representative Tara Simmons in Washington State OAH Docket 401-645. The judge outlined the process, the two issues on appeal—whether Simmons violated RCW 42.52.020 and RCW 42.52.070, and, if so, what penalty should apply—and admitted a number of exhibits by stipulation or prior ruling, while taking one exhibit under advisement pending an offer of proof. The board also moved to sequester witnesses, which was granted, and the judge deferred ruling on a motion to exclude three defense witnesses until after hearing the board staff’s case. Opening statements followed, with staff alleging Simmons used her position to benefit an outside organization and to secure special privileges, and the defense arguing the conduct was lawful, technical in nature, and consistent with prior ethics guidance. Board staff then called Kimberly Gordon, an attorney and founding board member/treasurer of American Equity and Justice Group (AEJG), as its first witness. Gordon testified that AEJG used data dashboards to make justice-system data more accessible, received state proviso funding sponsored by Simmons, and also received two donations from Simmons—$10,000 and $40,000. She said the first donation was intended to help hire Antoine Coleman, whom Simmons had recommended and who was later identified as Simmons’s romantic partner, and that AEJG returned the $10,000 and declined the $40,000 after concluding there was a potential conflict of interest. Gordon also testified that AEJG believed Simmons’s involvement in the organization and her communications about Coleman created ethical concerns. Gordon further testified about a second proviso intended to expand AEJG’s work into education data and its subcontract with Equity in Education Coalition (EEC). She said EEC did not perform the expected deliverables, prompting repeated communications with the Administrative Office of the Courts and a meeting involving Chris Stanley, where AEJG raised concerns that EEC was not complying and that Simmons had intervened in the dispute. According to Gordon, Stanley ultimately directed the parties to rewrite the subcontract and continue, but AEJG later moved forward largely without EEC’s assistance. The board staff introduced AEJG’s complaint and related timeline exhibits during her testimony. After direct examination, the hearing recessed for lunch, and cross-examination by Simmons’s counsel began when the hearing resumed.
WA

Washington 2025-2026 Regular Session

Legislative Ethics Board Jun 8th, 2026

Transcript Highlights:
  • This is hearsay from anonymous sources. I can ask her who made the comment.
  • Objection, hearsay. Who's Employment Council? Ms. Isentrout, your response to that objection?
  • That's hearsay. She's testifying about things that Employment Council said. That's hearsay.
  • Hearsay is admissible in this proceeding.
  • That doesn't mean that it's carte blanche on just anything can be hearsay.
Summary: The hearing opened in a Washington State Office of Administrative Hearings matter involving Legislative Ethics Board complaint 2025-5 against Representative Tara Simmons. The ALJ outlined the process, the issues on appeal, and the burden of proof, which centered on whether Simmons violated the Ethics Act by using her legislative position for others’ benefit and by holding outside employment that conflicted with her duties, and what sanction would be appropriate. Several exhibits were admitted by stipulation or without objection, while Exhibit 2 was initially held for later ruling but was ultimately admitted after testimony from the witness who prepared it. The board also granted a motion to sequester witnesses and took under advisement a motion to exclude three defense witnesses until after the staff case-in-chief. In opening statements, board staff alleged Simmons violated RCW 42.52.020 and RCW 42.52.070 by sponsoring a proviso that benefited her outside employer, Equity and Education Coalition (EEC), by using campaign surplus funds to help hire a friend, by intervening in a dispute over the proviso-funded work, and by sending text messages to influence others. Staff said it would seek penalties of up to $5,000 per violation plus costs. Defense counsel argued the allegations were technical ethics issues, denied Simmons profited personally, and contended the proviso funding her employer was permitted under prior board guidance; counsel also argued the campaign donation and later contract dispute were lawful and context-dependent. The first witness, Kimberly Gordon of American Equity and Justice Group (AEJG), testified that AEJG received state proviso funding and donations from Simmons, including $10,000 and later $40,000, which Gordon said were intended to fund the hiring of Antoine Coleman, Simmons’s romantic partner. Gordon said AEJG returned the donations and terminated Coleman after learning of the relationship and potential conflict of interest. She also testified about a later 2024 proviso involving EEC, a subcontract between AEJG and EEC, and a dispute over EEC’s performance under that subcontract. Gordon said AEJG raised concerns with the Administrative Office of the Courts, met with contract manager Chris Stanley, and ultimately rewrote the subcontract after Stanley, allegedly after speaking with Simmons, directed them to do so. The hearing then recessed for lunch, and cross-examination of Gordon was set to continue afterward.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Committee on Judiciary and Public Safety - Part 2 - 03/27/26

Judiciary and Public Safety

Transcript Highlights:
  • of any other process, I suppose a judge is going to have to determine whether or not it's hearsay or
  • I'd be concerned about a hearsay claim in order to justify a seizure.
  • <03:16:44.280> or determine whether or not it's hearsay or determine whether or not it's hearsay
  • I'd be uh concerned about a hearsay I'd be uh concerned about a hearsay hearsay<03:16:51.240>
  • claim hearsay claim hearsay claim uh<03:16:52.680> in<03:16:52.840> order<03:16:53.080
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
FL

Florida 2025 Regular Session

Judiciary Jan 14th, 2025

Transcript Highlights:
  • They have recommended a hearsay exception for guardians.
  • However, their reports and testimony are subject to hearsay exceptions.
  • There is currently a hearsay exception in statute for comparable reports. that social workers do in the
Keywords: 999, senate, all
KY
Transcript Highlights:
  • concerns that I have seen, actually I haven't received any of these emails, so I'm going a little bit by hearsay
  • concerns that I have seen, actually I haven't received any of these emails, so I'm going a little bit by hearsay
  • concerns that I have seen, actually I haven't received any of these emails, so I'm going a little bit by hearsay
  • concerns that I have seen, actually I haven't received any of these emails, so I'm going a little bit by hearsay
  • concerns that I have seen, actually I haven't received any of these emails, so I'm going a little bit by hearsay
Summary: The committee first took up House Bill 566, which would implement the Kentucky Horse Racing and Gaming Corporation created last year. Chairman Cook described major provisions affecting charitable gaming, horse racing, sports wagering, and quarter horse racing, including locking charitable gaming fees in statute at a slightly lower rate, expanding charitable gaming board representation, preserving existing gaming technology, allowing school districts to hold charitable gaming licenses, and setting up self-funding for the new corporation through administrative set-asides from gaming-related funds. The bill also addresses uncashed vouchers, cross-training of investigators, ethics and employment provisions, and a three-year quarter horse breeding incentive intended to grow the industry. A committee substitute made two technical changes: clarifying voucher money stays with the track facility and making the school district itself the license holder. The substitute and then the bill both passed favorably, with several members noting concerns from last year but supporting the revised structure. The committee then heard House Bill 70, an interstate compact for dietitians. Sponsor Representative Vanessa Grossl and witnesses said the measure would allow reciprocity with other compact states, improve workforce mobility, help military families, expand patient access and telehealth, and reduce administrative burden on the licensing board. The committee substitute created a third license category for educational interpreters, but that language actually belonged to the next bill; for HB 70, the committee voted the bill favorably without reported amendments. The bill passed unanimously or near-unanimously and was sent to the House floor. Next, House Bill 72 was presented by Representative DJ Johnson to amend the law governing limited x-ray machine operators. The sponsor explained that current law effectively prevents limited x-ray operators from working in the same facility as other imaging equipment, which he said creates compliance problems, disrupts training, and can force practices to move equipment or lose employees. The bill would allow limited x-ray technicians to operate in the same facility as other imaging equipment. During discussion, some members noted opposition from students and others in the field, and the sponsor invited industry witnesses to explain their concerns. The transcript cuts off before final action on HB 72 is completed.
AL

Alabama 2026 1st Special Session

Alabama Senate Judiciary Committee Mar 11th, 2026

Judiciary

Transcript Highlights:
  • that he wanted to, and that individual, while they could certainly give their opinion, it would be hearsay
  • But again, hearsay is allowable in a preliminary hearing because it's nothing in the world but a probable
  • that he wanted to, and that individual, while they could certainly give their opinion, it would be hearsay
  • But again, hearsay is allowable in a preliminary hearing because it's nothing in the world but a probable
  • But again, hearsay is allowable in a preliminary hearing because it's nothing in the world but a probable