Transcript Highlights:

• SB 5976 modifies the Washington Commercial Electronic Mail Act.
• Washington, but to take away what has been a gold rush of litigation that has come into Washington and
• Old Navy case in the Washington Supreme Court.
• I'm a local hotel operator in Vancouver, Washington.
• The bill also has some serious privacy concerns and creates a bit of a privacy paradox, if you will,

Bills: SB5976, SB6111, SB6250, SB6257, SB6289, SGA9060, SGA9169, SGA9265, SGA9266

Keywords: commercial email, spam regulations, online marketing, privacy, consumer protection, SB 6111, Washington Protecting Children Online Act, online child safety, minor privacy, age verification, parental consent, social media regulation, digital platforms, user-generated content, content moderation, online harms, youth protection, data privacy, geolocation, targeted advertising

Summary: The committee heard briefings, sponsor remarks, and public testimony on several bills. SB 5976 would amend the Washington Commercial Electronic Mail Act by requiring a more reliable basis for knowing an email is sent to a Washington resident, narrowing subject-line liability to misleading statements material to a transaction, and limiting damages and Consumer Protection Act claims unless a recipient received, reviewed, and detrimentally relied on the email. Supporters, including retailers, e-commerce groups, hospitality businesses, and business associations, said the current law has led to a wave of class-action litigation over routine marketing emails; opponents argued the bill would weaken consumer protections against deceptive marketing. No vote was taken. SB 6111 would require age verification for certain social media accounts, parental consent for known minors, restrictions on use of minors’ data, and Attorney General enforcement, with a limited private right of action for parents or guardians. The sponsor and supporters, including PTA, parents, and mental health advocates, said the bill is needed to reduce minors’ exposure to harmful content and to give parents more control. Opponents from technology and privacy groups raised constitutional concerns, data-security issues, and uncertainty about how platforms would verify parental consent. No vote was taken. SB 6257 would allow trainee real estate appraiser license timelines to be tolled for documented illness, similar to existing tolling for military service. SB 6250 would raise the maximum principal amount for small loans from $700 to $1,200, with future inflation adjustments; the sponsor and Moneytree said the limit should reflect inflation and still preserve existing safeguards, while consumer, labor, housing, and anti-poverty advocates warned it would deepen debt cycles and harm low-income borrowers, older adults, and communities of color. SB 6289 would direct the Department of Commerce to create a statewide economic development and competitiveness strategic plan; Commerce, ports, and business groups supported the idea, while testifiers discussed the need for outreach, resources, and coordination. The committee also heard testimony on several gubernatorial appointments to the Gambling Commission and the Washington State Lottery, with appointees describing their backgrounds and commitment to public service.

Transcript Highlights:

• Washington has always known it.
• Privacy is certainly worth safeguarding.
• And for a lot of folks, you may not know that Washington actually has a layer of privacy protection that
• A 30-day window aligns with real investigative timelines and increases privacy without increasing privacy
• I'm here representing the Allied Daily Newspapers of Washington and the Washington State Association

Bills: SB5925, SB5906, SB6070, SB6002

Keywords: Attorney General, civil investigative demand, CID, subpoena-like demand, investigative authority, consumer protection, civil enforcement, pre-suit investigation, document production, interrogatories, deposition, oral testimony, confidentiality, trade secrets, judicial review, enforcement action, Washington RCW, law enforcement powers, government transparency, due process

Summary: The committee heard testimony on Senate Bill 5925, which would expand the Attorney General’s authority to issue civil investigative demands in investigations involving constitutional violations, law enforcement use of force and tactics, the Keep Washington Working Act, wage laws, discrimination, and jail-related issues. The prime sponsor and Attorney General’s office said the bill would give the AGO more effective investigative tools without creating new enforcement authority, while labor and civil rights supporters said it would speed investigations into wage theft and discrimination. Opponents from law enforcement, cities, counties, and retail groups argued the bill was too broad, lacked sufficient guardrails, could burden public agencies and businesses, and raised constitutional concerns, especially around speech restrictions and the scope of the Attorney General’s power. Public testimony on SB 5925 then closed, and the committee moved on to the next bill. The committee then heard Senate Bill 5906, which would codify and expand protections against immigration enforcement in non-public areas of schools, child care facilities, health care facilities, higher education institutions, and county auditor spaces where ballots are handled. Supporters, including immigrant-rights, faith, student, and parent advocates, said the bill would reduce fear, protect privacy, and keep families engaged in education, health care, and civic life. Health care and early learning groups generally supported the goal but asked for clearer definitions, model policies, training, and more workable implementation language. The bill drew substantial public support and opposition testimony was not presented in the excerpt; the committee later noted 3,725 pro, 2,147 con, and 22 other sign-ins before moving on. The committee also heard Senate Bill 6070, which would expand missing-person response tools by allowing certain investigative technologies in missing-endangered-person cases, creating new alerts for missing Black people and people with disabilities, and broadening the definition of missing endangered person. The sponsor and supporters, including prosecutors, law enforcement, families, disability advocates, and students, said the bill would help recover missing people faster and address racial and disability-related disparities in alert systems. Testifiers described personal experiences with delayed responses and the need for an Ebony Alert and Purple Alert. Law enforcement supported the bill and requested a related administrative change to transfer the missing persons website to the State Patrol. The committee then moved to Senate Bill 6002, a bill to regulate automated license plate readers, with staff explaining it would set registration, use, retention, and privacy rules, including limits on immigration-related use and restrictions near sensitive locations; the sponsor and ranking member framed it as a privacy and civil liberties measure, and the committee began hearing questions and testimony on that bill.

Transcript Highlights:

• The bill creates a Civil Air Patrol division within the Washington Military Department.
• Census Bureau for Washington State population estimates.
• Census Bureau for Washington State Population Estimates.
• Not just for us, but the people of the state of Washington. So thank you. Okay.
• I am the director of your Washington Department of Veterans Affairs.

Bills: SB6084, SB6044, SB5950, SB6046, SB5763, SB6215, SB6160, SB6123, SB6049, SB6164, SB6313, SB5784, SB5046, SB5489

Keywords: elections, double voting, voting twice, multiple voting, same-day election, primary election, general election, special election, cross-state voting, ballot fraud, election fraud, voter misconduct, RCW 29A.84.660, State v. Padilla, civil infraction, class C felony, Secretary of State, Washington elections, election law, voter eligibility

Summary: The Senate State Government, Tribal Affairs, and Elections Committee met on February 3, 2026, first in executive session on 13 bills and then for a public hearing on Second Engrossed Substitute House Bill 1541. The executive session covered election rules, holiday designations, public disclosure exemptions, agency reporting changes, a Civil Air Patrol division, a law enforcement aviation grant program, JLARC review of audit and risk practices, demographic data collection, and a capital stewardship account. Several members noted concerns or support on specific bills, including objections to the cost of the aviation grant program and comments that the holiday bill should be more inclusive. Amendments were adopted on several measures, including changes to the law enforcement aviation bill, the JLARC audit review bill, the agency reports bill, the public disclosure bill, and the demographic data bill; one proposed amendment to the holiday bill was withdrawn. The committee then voted all 13 executive-session bills out with due-pass recommendations, sending most to the Rules Committee and the fiscal bills to Ways and Means. The chair announced each bill passed subject to signatures. Senate Bill 5950, expanding recognized non-legal holidays, passed despite a member stating he would be without recommendation because of a missing Buddhist observance. Senate Bill 5763, the aviation support grant program, and Senate Bills 6215 and 5784 were advanced with substitutes. Senate Bill 6160, on agency reports, was praised as a government-efficiency measure, and Senate Bill 5489, designating the Wilkinson sandstone as the state sandstone, also passed. In the public hearing, the committee heard testimony on Second Engrossed Substitute House Bill 1541, which revises the membership of the Veterans Affairs Advisory Committee by increasing at-large seats, reducing the number of VSO-designated seats, and allowing appointments to reflect broader military experience and personal attributes. The prime sponsor and a co-sponsor described the bill as a compromise reached after prior concerns, including representation for formerly justice-involved veterans, tribal veterans, and National Guard members. The director of the Department of Veterans Affairs testified in support, saying the changes would provide more flexibility in appointments and better reflect veteran communities. The hearing record noted 57 pro and one con sign-ins, and the committee adjourned after closing the hearing.

Transcript Highlights:

• If not included in the privacy policy of the developer or the operator, the landlord must provide a privacy
• And in the state of Washington, I’m not able to request it to be deleted.
• I'm very newly here with the Washington Multifamily Housing Association.
• Our members provide more than 360,000 homes in the state of Washington.
• That bill was a critical investment in Washington homeowners.

Bills: SB5884, SB5885, SB5937, SB5938

Keywords: sales tax, redevelopment, economic incentive, underutilized property, infrastructure, affordable housing, religious organizations, zoning laws, land use, community development, smart access system, smart lock, residential landlord-tenant act, tenant privacy, biometric data, fingerprint, face scan, iris scan, key fob, key card

Summary: The Senate Housing Committee heard public testimony on several bills focused on housing supply, tenant protections, and foreclosure prevention. SB 5885 would expand incentives for affordable housing on property owned by religious organizations by lowering the affordability threshold from 100% to 50% of units and adding a sales and use tax exemption for qualifying projects. The sponsor and supporters from cities, faith groups, and housing nonprofits said the bill would help churches and other religious organizations use underutilized land for housing, while a county planning representative asked for funding to cover local code updates. SB 5884 would broaden an existing sales tax deferral program for redevelopment of underutilized property by expanding eligible land beyond surface parking lots to vacant, partially used, or underutilized parcels and by adjusting affordability thresholds; cities including Spokane, Vancouver, and Kent supported it, while contractor groups opposed a provision they said could favor project labor or apprenticeship requirements and burden nonunion and small contractors. A county association also asked that counties be included in the program. The committee also heard SB 5937, which would require landlords using smart access systems to offer tenants a non-biometric, non-app-based alternative key upon request and to provide privacy and data-retention information, while limiting data collection to what is necessary for access. The sponsor and tenant advocates said the bill would protect renters from being forced to use phone apps or biometric systems and from excessive data collection; landlord groups supported the concept but argued the bill was too broad and could impose burdens on small housing providers, especially if it covered simple keypad systems or required lengthy privacy disclosures. Testifiers asked for narrower definitions and clearer implementation language. Finally, SB 5938 would make technical changes to the foreclosure prevention fee created last year, including lowering the reverse mortgage exemption age, exempting certain chattel loans, limiting duplicate fee collection on some state-supported transactions, and requiring Commerce to study a possible homeowner assistance fund. Supporters from the Washington Homeownership Resource Center, legal aid, HOA advocates, and community organizations said the bill would clarify administration, reduce unfair charges, and strengthen foreclosure prevention and homeowner stability. The committee took no votes and adjourned after closing public testimony on the bills.

Transcript Highlights:

• Amy Harris, for the Washington Technology Industry Association.
• And the underlying bill is to Central Washington, Eastern Washington, Western Washington, and the Evergreen
• The underlying bill is to Central Washington, Eastern Washington, Western Washington, and the Evergreen
• My name is Emily Myers with UAW Region 6 in Washington State.
• Washington can and should be on the positive side of technological history.

Bills: HB1170, HB1570, HB1834

Keywords: artificial intelligence, AI, generative AI, AI-generated content, deepfake, synthetic media, content provenance, provenance data, metadata, watermarking, disclosure, transparency, consumer protection, unfair or deceptive acts, unfair competition, Washington RCW, Title 19 RCW, platform regulation, AI detection tool, media authenticity

Summary: The House Appropriations Committee heard staff briefings and public testimony on several bills, beginning with Second Substitute House Bill 1170 on generative artificial intelligence. Staff explained that the bill would require certain large AI providers to offer provenance detection tools and include latent and optional manifest disclosures in AI-generated audio, image, video, or altered content, with enforcement by the Attorney General under the Consumer Protection Act. Fiscal staff said enforcement costs would depend heavily on industry compliance, with estimated costs ranging from tens of thousands to several hundred thousand dollars per year once enforcement begins in 2028. A technology industry representative testified in opposition, citing concerns about unclear enforcement language, definitions, and technical feasibility, while committee members asked about the bill’s scope and costs. The committee then heard House Bill 1570, as amended by a striking amendment, which would extend collective bargaining rights under the Public Employees Collective Bargaining Act to non-academic student employees at Western Washington University only, rather than at multiple regional institutions. Staff said the original bill would have cost about $1.5 million per biennium, while the narrowed amendment would likely reduce the fiscal impact to roughly $200,000 per biennium. Testimony from labor, student, and university-affiliated speakers supported the measure, emphasizing student worker safety, organizing efforts, and parity with bargaining rights already available at other public universities. Next, the committee received a briefing and testimony on Substitute House Bill 1833, which creates the Spark Act grant program in the Department of Commerce to support innovative uses of AI that provide a state benefit and share technology with the state. Staff said the program would require an FTE at Commerce and potentially grant awards, with a total estimated cost of about $660,000 to $1.6 million per fiscal year depending on appropriations and outside funding. Supporters described it as a way to promote AI innovation and economic development, while the sponsor said the bill reflects recommendations from the AI task force. Finally, the committee heard a briefing and extensive testimony on a proposed third substitute for House Bill 1834, which would prohibit addictive feeds and certain push notifications to minor users, while removing broader provisions that had applied to online services likely accessed by minors. Staff said the remaining enforcement costs for the Attorney General would likely continue at about $1.15 million this biennium, with other costs removed by the narrower substitute. Testimony was sharply divided: supporters argued the bill is needed to protect children from addictive platform design and related mental health harms, while opponents raised constitutional, privacy, parental-rights, and implementation concerns, including possible age-verification burdens and First Amendment issues. No votes were taken; the chair concluded public hearings and announced amendment deadlines and upcoming executive session schedules before adjournment.

Transcript Highlights:

• Privacy protections delayed are privacy protections denied.
• Privacy is foundational to safety.
• SB 6081 is simply about privacy.
• I'm a PhD student at the University of Washington, and I specialize in international data privacy regulations
• in Washington State.

Bills: SB6252, SB6265, SB6081

Keywords: transit support grant, free transit, fare-free transit, zero-fare policy, community college students, technical college students, public transportation, youth transit, student transportation, Washington State, Department of Transportation, local sales tax, voter-approved sales tax, equity, environmental justice, low-barrier access, bus pass, rail transit, public transit agency, transit agency grants

Summary: The Senate Transportation Committee held public hearings on several measures. First, it heard Engrossed Substitute House Bill 1980, which would allow local authorities in King County, with transit agency approval, to let private employer transportation services use certain business access and transit lanes under a two-year pilot with fees, performance standards, reporting, and a 10-year sunset. Staff and the sponsor said the bill was revised from a prior version to add the pilot structure, labor input, vehicle markings, and annual reporting. Supporters, including Bellevue business and transit representatives, said the measure would improve mobility, reduce congestion, and help employers and transit work together; the bill was then held after public hearing. The committee then heard Senate Bill 6081, as a proposed substitute, which would exempt sex designation change records and related supporting documents from public disclosure in Department of Licensing and Department of Health records, restrict sharing of those records without consent, and keep updated credentials from showing that a change occurred. Staff said the bill would have about a $1 million fiscal impact over four years for DOL, mostly IT changes, with minimal or absorbable impacts for other agencies. The prime sponsor and many supporters described the bill as a privacy and safety measure for transgender Washingtonians, while one opponent argued it would undermine accurate records; the public hearing was closed. Next, the committee heard Senate Bill 6252, which would expand the transit support grant program’s zero-fare requirement so transit agencies receiving those grants must also allow students enrolled in degree- or certificate-seeking programs at community and technical colleges to ride free. Staff said the bill is broad and could reduce fare revenue for local transit agencies by an estimated $10.9 million to $12.2 million annually, with a revised fiscal note expected for King County Metro. The sponsor and supporters said the bill would improve access to education, especially for older and rural students, while transit advocates noted implementation and funding concerns; the public hearing was then closed. Finally, the committee heard Senate Bill 6265, which would modernize the transfer of ownership for totaled vehicles to insurers by allowing supporting documents and limited powers of attorney to be transmitted electronically with non-notarized signatures. Staff said the bill has no fiscal impact and is intended to simplify the process after total-loss claims. The sponsor and industry witnesses said the change would reduce paperwork and hardship for consumers, and the public hearing was closed. The committee also announced that amendment requests for 14 bills scheduled for executive session on Thursday were due by noon the next day.

Transcript Highlights:

• North Central Washington.
• I'm a resident of Snohomish, Washington.
• I'm from Oak Harbor, Washington.
• , student privacy. ...issues, for example, on transgender privacy, student privacy versus parent privacy
• I am here on behalf of the Allied Daily Newspapers of Washington and the Washington State Association

Bills: HB2514, HB2661, HB2637, HB2632, HB2499, HB2198, HB2520

Keywords: HB 2514, global war on terror, GWOT, war on terror memorial, Capitol campus memorial, Washington veterans, fallen service members, military memorial, post-9/11 veterans, Iraq War, Afghanistan War, Operation Iraqi Freedom, Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation New Dawn, veterans memorial, capitol grounds, state memorial, Secretary of State, Capitol Committee, Department of Veterans Affairs

Summary: The House State Government & Tribal Relations Committee heard two public bills before moving to executive session. House Bill 2514 would create a Global War on Terror Memorial Work Group to plan a memorial on the Capitol campus honoring Washingtonians who died in Iraq and Afghanistan and those who later died by suicide after serving. The prime sponsor and veteran witnesses described the memorial as a way to recognize sacrifice, support families, and preserve the history of post-9/11 service. Testimony was overwhelmingly supportive, and the hearing was closed without a vote during the public hearing portion. House Bill 2661 would create a temporary task force on public records modernization to study frivolous, retaliatory, or harassing PRA requests and possible reforms. Supporters, including school and city representatives, said some requests impose heavy costs and staff burdens, especially on small districts, and argued a stakeholder task force could produce practical solutions. Opponents from open-government and media groups warned the bill could be used to restrict access, argued the real problem is agency systems and resourcing, and said the PRA should be strengthened rather than narrowed. No action was taken on the bill during the hearing. In executive session, the committee advanced several bills. A proposed substitute for House Bill 2637, expanding PRA exemptions for certain personal information, passed 4-3. House Bill 2632, updating terminology for non-citizens, also passed 4-3. A proposed substitute for House Bill 2499 on conservation districts passed 4-3 after the committee adopted one amendment and rejected two others. House Bill 2198, creating a statewide credential catalog and online repository, passed 6-1, and House Bill 2520, allowing emergency meetings outside a county seat and clarifying OPMA emergency procedures, passed unanimously 7-0. The committee then adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• Washington already protects transgender Washingtonians through name changes and data privacy.
• Washington believes in privacy, and I believe this bill helps.
• We must do all that we can to protect the privacy of those who exercise their rights in Washington, but
• We must do all that we can to protect the privacy of those who exercise their rights in Washington, but
• It protects Washington 6081 is a privacy and safety bill, not a secrecy bill.

Bills: SB6081, SB5902, SB6034, SB6035, SB5892, SB5973

Keywords: SB 6081, Washington privacy, sex designation, gender marker, nonbinary, transgender, vital records, birth certificate, death certificate, fetal death, stillbirth, driver license, ID card, Department of Licensing, public records exemption, confidential records, record sealing, data sharing, government records, privacy

Summary: The committee held public hearings on six bills. SB 6081 would restrict public disclosure of sex designation change records held by the Department of Licensing and Department of Health, with the sponsor and most testimony arguing it is a privacy and safety measure for transgender people; one opponent argued it would reduce transparency and could affect law enforcement and other uses. SB 5902 would update voter notification and address-change procedures, including allowing more electronic notice options and reducing mailed notices for some automatic voter registration updates; county auditors and the Secretary of State supported it as a cost-saving, efficiency measure, while some testimony opposed it. SB 6034 would formally establish the Governor’s Office on Indian Affairs in statute as a cabinet-level agency and expand its duties; the sponsor and tribal representatives supported it as a technical fix and affirmation of tribal-state relations, with no opposition noted in testimony. SB 6035 would require regular county auditor meetings with tribes on election access and authorize an electronic ballot return portal for certain voters, including military, overseas, disabled, and some tribal voters. Supporters said it would improve access and coordination, while the Secretary of State and several others opposed the electronic portal portion over cybersecurity and secret-ballot concerns, and some witnesses urged limiting the bill to tribal outreach and drop boxes. SB 5892 would centralize requests for voter registration database records through the Secretary of State and make unauthorized disclosure of protected voter data a felony; the Secretary of State, former Secretary of State Sam Reed, and several voting-rights groups supported it as a privacy and anti-retaliation measure, while opponents argued it would hinder federal review of voter rolls and election transparency. SB 5973 would ban pay-per-signature compensation for initiative and referendum signature gathering, require 1,000 supporting signatures before a ballot title is issued, and create a citizen-enforcement mechanism for violations; supporters said it would reduce fraud, misleading tactics, and “ballot title shopping,” while opponents called it a barrier to direct democracy and said existing enforcement tools are sufficient. No votes were taken; each bill was heard and the hearings were closed.

Transcript Highlights:

• Landlord-Tenant Act, the state of Washington will provide legal coverage.
• So if you get sued by this private right of action, then the state of Washington should at least furnish
• I'm going to urge a no vote. ...privacy issues of handing over your driver's license or some unknown
• We're talking about a 38-cent differential between men and women's pay in the state of Washington in
• But we have seen some very serious things happen here in the United States and here in Washington.

Bills: SB5973, SB5892, SB6081, SB5842, SB5827, SB5968, SB6034, SB6035, SB5888, SB6123, SB5853

Keywords: initiative, referendum, ballot measure, petition, signature gathering, circulator, per-signature pay, paid circulator, election integrity, voter fraud, ballot title, Secretary of State, Code Reviser, direct democracy, citizen lawsuit, civil penalties, Washington elections, initiative process, referendum process, grassroots petition

Summary: The Senate State Government, Tribal Affairs & Elections Committee met on January 23, 2026, first in executive session on several election- and government-related bills, then in public hearing on three measures. In executive action, the committee held SB 6035 and SB 5842 for the following week, then considered SB 5973 on initiative and referendum signature-gathering rules, SB 5892 on voter registration database disclosure, SB 6081 on protecting sex designation information in vital records and licensing records, SB 5877 on veterans’ civil service preference, SB 5968 on permitting/licensing deadlines and reporting, and SB 6034 on codifying the Governor’s Office of Indian Affairs. The committee rejected a series of amendments to SB 5973, including proposals to remove or weaken the 1,000-signature prefiling requirement, change or narrow citizen enforcement provisions, add ID and training requirements, and alter penalties. The committee then advanced the proposed substitutes or bills for SB 5973, SB 5892, SB 6081, SB 5877, SB 5968, and SB 6034 to the Rules Committee or the next committee, with do-pass recommendations as applicable. During the SB 5973 debate, supporters said the bill was intended to curb pay-per-signature practices and fraud in the initiative process, while opponents argued it would burden constitutional initiative rights and create barriers to participation. Several amendments were offered by Senators Fortunato and Wilson to reduce or eliminate the prefiling signature threshold, add disclosure or training requirements, narrow enforcement, and reduce penalties; all were rejected or, in one case, withdrawn. The committee then approved the proposed substitute and sent the measure forward. SB 5892 and SB 6081 drew no amendments in executive session and were advanced without controversy, while SB 5877 and SB 5968 were also moved forward with proposed substitutes. SB 6034, which would formally establish the Governor’s Office of Indian Affairs as a cabinet agency and require annual reporting, was likewise advanced. In public hearing, the committee heard SB 5888, which would remove Senate confirmation for members of the Washington State Women’s Commission. Senator Wellman said the change would align the commission with similar bodies and correct an inconsistency; the commission’s representative supported the bill, noting the governor would retain appointment authority and that the current process had created delays. The committee then heard SB 6123, expanding a public-records exemption for voluntarily supplied personal demographic information to local government employees. A Pierce County HR director testified in support, saying the exemption would build trust while preserving aggregate reporting and compliance obligations; the bill drew extensive support and opposition sign-ins. Finally, the committee heard SB 5853, Senator Wilson’s proposal to create a statewide emergency public official notification system for targeted threats. Wilson said the bill was meant as a non-privileged safety and awareness tool; the Secretary of State’s office said it supported the concept but preferred the Military Department to operate the system rather than VoteWA. The hearing closed with 192 people signed in in support and none opposed.

Transcript Highlights:

• So this is our Washington State rate. An example of the trend over time.
• So this is our Washington State rate of phone tapping each month through 2025.
• Steve Murphy, lifetime Washington resident, living in Carbonado for 42 years.”
• As you probably know, he pretty much got Washington State painted blue.”
• “As you probably know, he pretty much got Washington State painted blue.

Bills: SJM8016, SB6230, SB5234, SB6081, SB6265, SB6170, SB6131, SB6155, SB6176, SB6238, SB6253, SB6311, SB6032, SB6262

Keywords: bridge repair, infrastructure, emergency funding, transportation, public safety, cash transactions, pennies, currency, economic efficiency, financial regulation, snowmobile, snowmobile registration, vehicle registration fees, registration fee, Department of Licensing, DOL, recreational vehicles, winter recreation, vintage snowmobile, parks and recreation

Summary: The committee’s work session focused first on ignition interlock device compliance. Traffic Safety Commission staff described a Yakima County pilot that provides enhanced probation supervision and support for DUI-affected drivers, reporting that compliance with interlock installation rose from roughly 16%–20% before the program to 41% after implementation among the medium- and high-risk population. Staff identified major barriers as cost, confusing and inconsistent procedures, and transportation access, and suggested policy changes such as allowing payment plans and simplifying compliance pathways. JLARC then presented its preliminary audit, estimating an overall 41% installation/completion rate statewide, finding that installation rates rise with income, that financial assistance reaches only about 11% of eligible users on average, and that the Department of Licensing and State Patrol need clearer coordination, goals, and a formal agreement to jointly administer the program. The State Patrol also reported on a Snohomish County outreach pilot that made 616 contacts, found many drivers were unaware of financial assistance, and identified some drivers as physically unable to drive, without vehicles, unable to afford the program, or subject to active warrants; the patrol said it would continue similar outreach in Yakima and use data analysis to target compliance efforts. The committee then received a broader traffic safety update from the Traffic Safety Commission. Staff reported that serious injuries and fatalities in traffic crashes rose sharply over the last several years, though 2024 showed some improvement, including a 9% drop in fatalities and a 15% drop in impaired-driving fatalities from 2023. Pedestrian deaths remained high, while unrestrained and speeding-related fatalities also remained significant concerns. The commission also presented telematics-based research showing that targeted enforcement and visible police presence can reduce speeds; one project found each additional hour of officer presence per mile was associated with a 5.6 mph decrease in average speed. A second telematics project using opt-in insurance-based data showed high rates of phone use and speeding among drivers, and the commission said local agencies are using the tool for corridor-level enforcement planning and evaluation. In public hearing, the committee heard Senate Joint Memorial 8016, which asks federal officials to treat the Fairfax Bridge closure and replacement as an emergency and to accelerate federal review. The sponsor and several supporters from Wilkeson, Carbonado, recreation groups, and nearby communities said the bridge closure has hurt tourism, emergency response, and access to Mount Rainier and surrounding recreation areas. Testimony was entirely in support, and the chair announced 67 pro and zero con sign-ins. The committee also heard Senate Bill 6230, which would require cash transactions to be rounded to the nearest five-cent increment in light of the Treasury’s decision to stop minting pennies. Staff explained the bill’s rounding rules and noted a Department of Licensing fiscal note of about $186,000 for technology changes; retail and food industry representatives supported the bill but asked for amendments on permissiveness, tax treatment, consumer protections, and local preemption. During executive session, staff briefed several bills and substitutes, including snowmobile registration fee increases, gender-designation record confidentiality, streamlined salvage-title transfers, utility and fish-barrier-related changes, inflation adjustments for emergency state highway work thresholds, public-health authority language for the Traffic Safety Commission, special parking privilege renewal changes, expired registration enforcement, oil tanker tug-escort requirements, and transit board labor-member provisions. No final votes were taken in the portion of the meeting provided, though the committee waived the five-day notice to hear the day’s public hearing bills.

Transcript Highlights:

• When I'm referring to the research universities, that's University of Washington and Washington State
• and Washington State University.
• and Washington State University.
• and Washington State University.
• By passing HB 2132, you are telling our students that their privacy is paramount and that Washington

Bills: HB2148, HB2132

Keywords: education, pay it forward program, tuition, student loans, financial aid, state financial aid, financial aid application, postsecondary education, higher education, student aid, Washington Student Achievement Council, public records exemption, privacy, student records, personally identifying information, financial information, data sharing agreement, enrollment assistance, institutional records, FERPA

Summary: The committee first held a work session on higher education funding and enrollment, with OPR staff Kate Henry reviewing Washington’s public higher education system, enrollment trends, tuition policy, financial aid programs, and funding sources. Members asked questions about FTE versus headcount, tuition changes, financial aid eligibility, and how the Workforce Education Investment Account and Opportunity Pathways funds are used to support Washington College Grant and College Bound awards. Henry explained recent policy changes, including Senate Bill 5785’s effects on award formulas, and noted that tuition, state appropriations, and financial aid are closely linked. Committee members also requested additional data on student-to-staff ratios and cost-of-attendance figures by institution. The committee then heard House Bill 2148, which would create a “Pay It Forward” program for graduate students. The bill would provide tuition support for up to four years, with recipients later making income-based contributions for up to 15 years to fund future students. The prime sponsor argued the bill was needed because federal changes would reduce access to graduate and professional loans, especially in fields like nursing, teaching, public health, and physical therapy. Testimony from students and advocates was strongly supportive, emphasizing workforce shortages, reduced federal aid, and the need for a revolving public funding model. Members asked about interest, caps, repayment terms, and how the program would be capitalized. Finally, the committee heard House Bill 2132, which would limit disclosure and retention of personally identifying and financial information from WASFA applications. The bill would exempt such information from public disclosure, restrict retention to one year after the award year absent an audit or appeal, and limit sharing with outside entities except as required by law or court order. The sponsor said the bill is intended to reduce unnecessary long-term storage of sensitive student data and improve privacy and data security. Testimony was overwhelmingly supportive, especially from student and immigrant-advocacy groups, who said the bill would protect undocumented and mixed-status students and increase trust in the financial aid process. Some members raised concerns about whether shorter retention could affect future immigration or residency documentation, and the sponsor responded that students can keep their own records and that other proof of enrollment or graduation would remain available. The committee took no votes and adjourned after the hearings.

Transcript Highlights:

• We need to build more housing in Washington because that'll ease cost pressures.
• I think you, Carl Schrader, with the Association of Washington Cities.
• Carl, do you know, I know we have like the Main Street program in Washington.
• As you've heard, Washington faces a clear housing supply crisis.
• Washington is facing a housing emergency.

Bills: SB6018, SB6026, SB6027, SB6028, SB5937, SB5938

Keywords: housing, finance, commission, state funding, affordable housing, residential development, zoning reform, mixed-use zoning, commercial zones, Growth Management Act, GMA, state preemption, local land use, development regulations, ground-floor retail, ground-floor commercial, permit waiver, waiver process, density, urban growth area

Summary: The committee heard Senate Bill 6026, which would require cities and counties planning under the Growth Management Act with populations of 30,000 or more to allow residential uses in commercial and mixed-use zones and prohibit mandatory ground-floor commercial or mixed-use requirements in most such areas, with exemptions for certain sensitive or constrained locations. The prime sponsor, Senator Alvarado, and supporters from the Governor’s Office, Commerce, housing advocates, developers, and major employers said the bill would unlock underused land, reduce housing costs, and add flexibility where infrastructure already exists. Local government and business representatives raised concerns about impacts on small business corridors, tax base stability, planning assumptions, and the loss of ground-floor retail in main street and transit-oriented areas, while several asked for narrower carve-outs or technical amendments. The committee also took public hearing testimony on Senate Bill 6018, which would update the Washington State Housing Finance Commission’s authority to allow more flexible financing tools, including direct mortgage lending to borrowers, while clarifying that the bill is not intended to authorize first-mortgage lending for homebuyers. The commission, the sponsor, and banking stakeholders said the changes would modernize outdated statutes and help finance affordable housing, and bankers said they were working with the sponsor on clarifying language. No vote was taken on SB 6018 during the hearing. Senate Bill 6027 was heard next and would expand how local housing-related sales tax revenues and state affordable housing funds can be used, including for operations, maintenance, preservation, and rehabilitation of existing affordable housing and supportive housing. Supporters from counties, cities, housing providers, and advocacy groups said the bill would help preserve existing units and respond to federal funding uncertainty, especially around permanent supportive housing and Continuum of Care dollars. Testifiers also asked for additional flexibility for rental assistance and for certain local uses, but no committee action was taken during the public hearing. The committee then heard Senate Bill 6028, which would create a revolving loan fund administered by the Housing Finance Commission to support mixed-income affordable homeownership projects. The sponsor and supporters said the fund would help stalled for-sale projects move forward, recycle dollars through repayment, and create permanently affordable homes; one supporter suggested increasing the project cap and clarifying eligible capital sources. The committee did take executive action on SB 5937 and SB 5938 earlier in the meeting, adopting amendments and advancing both bills with due-pass recommendations to the Rules Committee.

Transcript Highlights:

• Washington Military Department.
• Its primary duties are to conduct an annual privacy review, to conduct annual privacy training for state
• The fifth performance measure is the number of privacy threshold analyses and privacy impact assessments
• We've got the Washington State Broadband Office.
• Office of Privacy and Data Protection.

Bills: HB2157, HB2351, HB2365, HB2357, HB2446, HB2523, HB2606

Keywords: artificial intelligence, AI regulation, algorithmic discrimination, high-risk AI, machine learning, generative AI, synthetic content, impact assessment, risk management policy, consumer protection, civil rights, discrimination, facial recognition, automated decision-making, deployers, developers, Washington RCW, Title 19 RCW, employment, housing

Summary: The Technology, Economic Development, and Veterans Committee met on January 27, first in executive session and later for public hearings. In executive session, the committee considered House Bills 2157 (high-risk AI systems), 2351 (protecting emergency responders and emergency response operations), 2365 (digital equity), 2357 (establishing the Washington Division of Civil Air Patrol), and 2446 (developing the quantum technology industry). Staff briefed proposed substitutes and amendments for each bill. The committee adopted amendments to HB 2157 exempting activities regulated by the Fair Credit Reporting Act and covered entities under HIPAA, and then advanced the bill. HB 2351 and HB 2365 also advanced after debate and amendment votes; several definition-related amendments to HB 2365 were adopted, while others, including a data-sharing amendment and a rural-area amendment, were rejected. HB 2357 passed without amendment, and HB 2446 advanced after adoption of an amendment extending the strategy deadline, broadening eligible contractors, and making a technical correction. The committee then held a public hearing on House Bill 2523, which would make the community reinvestment program ongoing, require periodic updates and reporting, and direct a study of fund distribution and use. Testifiers from workforce boards, tribal programs, reentry services, community organizations, and Commerce described successful uses of the program for job training, reentry, small business support, and economic mobility, and urged continued investment. Some witnesses suggested technical changes, including stronger accountability and clearer reporting. Commerce staff said the program had reached many organizations and people and supported the bill with technical recommendations. A second public hearing was held on House Bill 2606, which would update the Office of Privacy and Data Protection’s duties and performance measures in response to a JLARC audit. The bill would remove certain reporting requirements, add measures tied to privacy training, public contacts, staff education, and privacy assessments, and expand the office’s duties to include review of agency AI projects. The prime sponsor and the state chief privacy officer both said the bill aligns the office’s statute with its current capacity and JLARC’s recommendations, and the hearing concluded with no further committee action before adjournment.

Transcript Highlights:

• I'm here on behalf of the Allied Daily Newspapers of Washington, the Washington State Association of
• We serve people from across Washington state.
• And 29 out of 39 counties in Washington State.
• And 29 out of 39 counties in Washington State.
• I'm Cindy Arons with the Washington Defender Association, here on behalf of the Washington Association

Bills: SB6239, SB6074, SB5886, SB6041, SB6190

Keywords: tort claims, state liability, Washington law, government accountability, legal process, parole, criminal justice reform, felony, recidivism, rehabilitation, public safety, personality rights, right of publicity, publicity rights, name image likeness, NIL, deepfake, AI-generated content, digital impersonation, forged digital likeness

Summary: The committee heard staff briefing and public testimony on Senate Bill 6239, which would require civil arbitration for tort claims against the state and its subdivisions before trial. Supporters, including county executives, county commissioners, school district and risk pool representatives, cities, sheriffs, and other local government groups, said rising liability and insurance costs are straining budgets and threatening core services. They argued arbitration could encourage earlier resolution, reduce litigation costs, preserve jury trial rights through trial de novo, and help address what they described as Washington’s unusually broad liability exposure. Some supporters also asked that any amendments not narrow the bill’s scope. Opponents, including trial lawyers, legal aid advocates, survivors of abuse, journalists, and victim-rights organizations, said the bill would create barriers to justice, delay accountability, and reduce transparency by moving claims into a private process. They emphasized that the bill would affect not only abuse claims but also employment, discrimination, and other civil claims against public entities, and warned it could retraumatize survivors and impose added costs on low-income claimants. Several witnesses said the state should instead improve oversight and address root causes of claims. The chair noted the bill would be amended before further action, and the committee closed public hearing after hearing testimony from 16 pro, 723 con, and 4 other sign-ins. The committee then took up Senate Bill 6074, which would reinstitute a parole process for certain felony offenders sentenced on or after July 1, 2027, allowing petitions to the Indeterminate Sentence Review Board after 60% of total confinement is served, with exclusions for certain serious offenses. Supporters of the bill, including people with lived experience, reentry advocates, and some criminal justice organizations, said parole could recognize rehabilitation, improve public safety, and make better use of public resources. Others supported the concept but raised concerns about the bill’s prospective-only application, the 60% threshold, racial disparities, and how parole would interact with existing sentencing, work release, and reentry laws. Prosecutors said they were open to discussing parole but thought the bill was not yet ready and would require more work on eligibility standards, implementation, and resources.

Transcript Highlights:

• The third change is the removal of the recommendation that the Washington Tourism Marketing Authority
• The final change is to make the Washington State Tourism Marketing Authority the state agency responsible
• And then we also have the Washington Tourism Marketing Authority that will be the official oversight,
• She said it will bring great economic opportunity to the state of Washington via tourism.
• She said, "I love Washington.

Bills: HB2325, HB2481, HB2503, HB2397, HB2278, HB2417

Keywords: tourism, tourism promotion, Washington Tourism Marketing Authority, assessment, self-supported assessment, visitor economy, destination marketing, statewide marketing, lodging, hotels, restaurants, travel services, attractions, recreation, retail, beverage producers, arts and culture, tribal nations, tribal businesses, rural communities

Summary: The Technology, Economic Development, and Veterans Committee met in executive session and considered six bills. House Bill 2325, creating a tourism self-supported assessment program for statewide tourism promotion, was amended to add certain large restaurants and retailers to the assessment, adjust enforcement language, remove a report-reference requirement, and make the Washington State Tourism Marketing Authority the governing agency. The committee adopted Amendment WAIL 264 and then voted 12-0, with one excused, to report the substitute bill out with a do pass recommendation. Members supporting the bill emphasized tourism’s economic benefits, local flexibility, and the need to increase statewide marketing. House Bill 2481, addressing surveillance-based price discrimination and surge pricing for retail goods, was discussed with a proposed substitute and several amendments, but Representative Kloba withdrew the substitute proposal before action, leaving the bill as written. Members debated fairness in grocery pricing, with supporters arguing consumers should pay the same price regardless of personal data and opponents expressing concern about the bill’s mechanics and impact on retailers. The committee voted 8-4, with one excused, to report the bill out with a do pass recommendation. House Bill 2503, concerning documentation of data used to train AI and generative AI systems, was amended to require posting additional documentation describing efforts to remove child sexual abuse material from training datasets. The committee adopted the amendment and then voted 8-4, with one excused, to pass the substitute bill out of committee. House Bill 2397, on reimbursements under the State Fire Services Mobilization Plan, was amended so the 60-day reimbursement clock begins when complete documentation is received; it then passed 12-0, with one excused. The committee also unanimously approved House Bill 2278 on tourism promotion areas and House Bill 2417 on victim protections under the Washington Code of Military Justice, each by 12-0 votes with one excused.

Bills: SB5223, SB5067, SJM8002, SB5855, SB5865, SB5272, SCR8406, SB5000, SB5500, SJM8006, SB5325, SB5286, SB5937

Keywords: criminal offense, fingerprinting, law enforcement, state regulations, public safety, impaired driving, driving safety, alcohol regulation, public health, transportation, Medicare, healthcare, insurance, elderly, budget impact, face coverings, civil liberties, garnishment, debt, form standardization

Summary: The Senate convened on January 28, 2026, approved the previous day’s journal without objection, and then processed routine committee and bill referral business. A standing committee report listed Senate Bill 5395 on prior authorization, which was referred to the Committee on Rules. The Senate also advanced to first reading of bills and received Senate Bill 6328, sponsored by Senator Saldaña, which was referred to the Committee on Transportation. No substantive debate or testimony occurred in this brief floor session. Senator Riccelli made the motions to dispense with the journal reading, refer reported measures as designated, advance to the fifth order of business, and refer newly introduced measures as designated. All motions were adopted without objection. The only action taken at the end of the meeting was adjournment. The Senate agreed to adjourn until 12:30 p.m. on Friday, January 30, 2026.

Transcript Highlights:

• Walsh, the Adjutant General of the Washington National Guard at Camp Murray.
• This is the incredible work of our Washington National Guard.
• President, allow this to happen right here in Washington State.
• in Washington were some of the safest in the nation.
• The roads in Washington were some of the safest in the nation.

Bills: SB5223, SB5067, SJM8002, SB5855, SB5865, SB5272, SCR8406, SB5000, SB5500, SJM8006, SB5325, SB5286, SB5937

Keywords: criminal offense, fingerprinting, law enforcement, state regulations, public safety, impaired driving, driving safety, alcohol regulation, public health, transportation, Medicare, healthcare, insurance, elderly, budget impact, face coverings, civil liberties, garnishment, debt, form standardization

Summary: The Senate opened with a ceremonial welcome for the Washington National Guard, including a color guard, prayer, and a resolution recognizing the Guard’s service. Senate Resolution 8668 was adopted unanimously, with members praising the Guard’s flood response, election support, counterdrug work, youth programs, and community assistance. The Senate also confirmed three gubernatorial appointments to college boards of trustees: Ann M. McQuaid to Bellingham Technical College, Eliza Munoz Estee to Grays Harbor College, and Felicia Hancock-Lewis to Wenatchee Valley College, each by unanimous or near-unanimous roll call votes. On legislation, the Senate passed Engrossed Substitute Senate Bill 5865 on garnishment forms after adopting an amendment delaying the effective date to May 1, 2027. The chamber also passed Substitute Senate Bill 5855 on law enforcement face coverings after rejecting several amendments that would have broadened or clarified exceptions, including proposals related to timing after transport, warrants, and other scenarios. Debate centered on federal immigration enforcement, public safety, accountability, and whether the bill would affect local law enforcement; the bill ultimately passed on a 30-19 vote. The Senate then passed Second Engrossed Substitute Senate Bill 5105, with a technical amendment, to address explicit depictions of minors and AI-generated or altered child sexual abuse material. It also passed Second Engrossed Substitute Senate Bill 5268, updating community custody provisions for unlawful firearm possession after a date-fixing amendment. Engrossed Senate Bill 5081, revising unattended motor vehicle rules for remote starts, passed unanimously. Senate Joint Memorial 8002, urging action on Medicare Advantage overpayments and fraud and supporting original Medicare, also passed unanimously. Finally, the Senate advanced Substitute Senate Bill 5067, lowering the DUI blood alcohol threshold from 0.08 to 0.05. Supporters framed it as a public safety measure to reduce impaired driving, while opponents argued it would have limited effect and that enforcement and staffing issues were more important. The bill was debated at length and then passed 38-11.

Transcript Highlights:

• This is the incredible work of our Washington National Guard.
• So today, as we honor the Washington National Guard, we also honor the Washington National Guard... .
• President, allow this to happen right here in Washington State.
• in Washington were some of the safest in the nation.
• The roads in Washington were some of the safest in the nation.

Bills: SB5223, SB5067, SJM8002, SB5855, SB5865, SB5272, SCR8406, SB5000, SB5500, SJM8006, SB5325, SB5286, SB5937

Keywords: criminal offense, fingerprinting, law enforcement, state regulations, public safety, impaired driving, driving safety, alcohol regulation, public health, transportation, Medicare, healthcare, insurance, elderly, budget impact, face coverings, civil liberties, garnishment, debt, form standardization

Summary: The Senate opened with ceremonial honors for the Washington National Guard, including the presentation of colors, a prayer, and recognition of Major General Welsh and other Guard members in the chamber. Senators then adopted Senate Resolution 8668, which praised the Guard’s service in emergencies, disaster response, elections support, counterdrug training, and youth programs. Several members spoke in support, citing recent flood response efforts and the Guard’s work during COVID, and the resolution was adopted unanimously with all members’ names added as co-sponsors. The chamber then confirmed three gubernatorial appointments to college boards of trustees: Ann M. McQuaid to Bellingham Technical College, Elisa Munoz Estes to Grays Harbor College, and Felicia Hancock-Lewis to Wenatchee Valley College. Each confirmation passed by wide margins or unanimously after brief supporting remarks about the appointees’ education, military service, and community involvement. The Senate also considered and passed several bills. Engrossed Substitute Senate Bill 5865, concerning garnishment forms, was amended to delay implementation and then passed 46-3 after supporters called it a technical fix and opponents focused on timing. Substitute Senate Bill 5855, dealing with face coverings by law enforcement officers, drew extensive debate and multiple failed amendments; supporters framed it as a transparency and accountability measure aimed at masked federal immigration enforcement, while opponents argued it was overbroad, ineffective against federal officers, and harmful to state and local law enforcement. The bill passed 38-19. The Senate also passed Second Engrossed Substitute Senate Bill 5105 on explicit depictions of minors, after an amendment clarifying liability and defenses, and Second Engrossed Substitute Senate Bill 5268 on community custody for unlawful firearm possession, after a date update amendment. Finally, Engrossed Senate Bill 5081 on unattended motor vehicles and Senate Joint Memorial 8002 urging action on Medicare Advantage overpayments and fraud were both adopted unanimously or by large margins. Later, the Senate took up Substitute Senate Bill 5067, lowering the DUI blood alcohol threshold from 0.08 to 0.05; the bill drew strong support from the sponsor and law enforcement-focused supporters, but also criticism that the lower threshold would not address the most dangerous impaired drivers and might have limited practical effect.

Transcript Highlights:

• House Bill 2401 creates the Washington State Boys' and Men's Commission.
• This mission reflects what makes the Washington National Guard unique.
• Washington and those who visit our state.
• I live in Redmond, and I lead Washington Initiative for Boys and Men.
• The Washington Association of County officials of House Bill 2419.

Bills: HB2198, HB2401, HB2462, HB2419, HB2210, HB2205, HB2249

Keywords: regulatory efficiency, permitting, licensing, executive order, state government, commission, gender equity, boys, men, advocacy, state policy, unpiloted aircraft, drones, regulation, airspace safety, privacy, address confidentiality, administrative law judges, privacy protection, staff employment

Summary: The committee heard public testimony on several bills. HB 2462 would direct the governor to create rules for countering threats from unmanned aircraft systems, including training and possible National Guard support; the prime sponsor and National Guard witnesses said it would help law enforcement respond to drone threats around major events and critical infrastructure, while one testifier supported it with suggested amendments on law enforcement authority, a web portal, and data privacy. HB 2401 would create a Washington State Boys’ and Men’s Commission, contingent on private funding through 2029; the sponsor and many supporters described concerns about boys’ and men’s outcomes in education, mental health, suicide, loneliness, workforce participation, and fatherhood, while some witnesses asked that the commission also address physical health and root causes such as fatherlessness. HB 2198 would create a statewide credential catalog and online repository for permits, licenses, and certifications, require agencies to set processing timelines, and authorize fee refunds when deadlines are missed; the Governor’s Office, business groups, labor, and agency representatives testified in support, saying it would improve transparency, predictability, and speed for workers and employers. HB 2419 would expand the Address Confidentiality Program to cover administrative law judges and certain Office of Administrative Hearings staff; OAH and county officials supported it, citing threats against judges and clerks and asking that county clerks also be included. In executive session, the committee took action on three bills. It adopted an amendment to HB 2210 on ranked choice voting and then passed the bill 4-2 with one excused. It adopted an amendment to HB 2205 making threats against sports officials, coaches, or participants in wagered events a Class C felony and then passed the bill 5-1 with one excused. It also passed HB 2249 unanimously, 6-0 with one excused, to reclassify certain WATech employees performing network and security duties. The committee then adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• They must comply with applicable privacy protection laws.
• I'm Bob Reynolds, a director at Informed Choice Washington.
• I remember of the Washington chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics. member of the Washington
• I'm Elizabeth New with Washington Policy Center.
• I'm a private practice dietitian here in Washington State.

Bills: HB2340, HB2155, HB2531

Keywords: HB 2340, nursing assistants, nurse aide, substance use disorder monitoring program, monitoring program, credentialing, licensure, disciplinary records, enforcement action, public disclosure, privacy, third-party website, stipend program, financial assistance, treatment costs, drug testing, peer support, recovery, rehabilitation, board-approved program