Transcript Highlights:

• They helped build the Port of Los Angeles.
• They helped build the Port of Los Angeles, shaped the fishing industry in Monterey, and were among the
• I invite you, if you're over my neck of the woods, to come visit the San Elijo Lagoon Conservancy with
• Aviara Oaks, thank you for visiting us today. Welcome to the California Assembly. Mr. Haney. Nope.
• Members, AB 607 will benefit the lives of children and families in the CalWORKs Home Visiting Program

Summary: The Assembly met on May 23, 2025, established a quorum after a roll call, and proceeded through a long House of Origin floor session with prayers, the Pledge of Allegiance, and routine parliamentary actions. Early in the day, a motion by Assembly Member Gallagher to suspend the rules and take up AB 12 immediately failed on a 18-39 vote. The chamber then moved through the daily file, with many measures passing by wide margins, often with bipartisan support and little or no opposition. Among the notable bills discussed were measures on law enforcement oversight and records access (AB 847), CalFresh data-sharing exemptions (AB 593), campus-area housing for students and staff (AB 893), insurance and wildfire hardening updates (AB 1), missing middle housing code changes (AB 6), tribal peace officer status in a pilot program (AB 31), utility bill analysis before new mandates (AB 61), fairgrounds funding (AB 258), Diwali as a state holiday (AB 268), labor and worker organizing rights (AB 288), algorithmic price-fixing and antitrust enforcement (AB 325), elections and jail voter information (AB 331), protections for judges and court personnel (AB 343 and AB 352), school construction procurement (AB 361), school-zone speed limits (AB 382), transit worker protections (AB 394), blue carbon coastal mitigation (AB 399), K-9 standards for law enforcement (AB 400), livestock carcass composting (AB 411), translation of housing materials (AB 413), immigrant educational rights notices (AB 419), gun violence restraining order implementation (AB 451), special education and child care measures (AB 560 and AB 563), cannabis tax relief (AB 564), and disability access protections for businesses (AB 649). Several bills addressed housing, energy, public health, and public safety, and many authors emphasized affordability, transparency, and administrative efficiency. The session also included several ceremonial or recognition items, including ACR 73 declaring Italian American Heritage Month, which was adopted by voice vote after 65 coauthors were added. Most measures were approved overwhelmingly, though a few drew some dissent, including AB 421? no—AB 399 passed 42-30, AB 450 passed 49-6, AB 461 passed 49-8, and AB 621 passed 58-0. The transcript ends partway through AB 772, which was introduced as an educational equity bill addressing cyberbullying after school hours, but the remainder of that item is not included in the provided text.

Transcript Highlights:

• In the last meeting we had, one of our major topics was ports.
• We had a great presentation and discussion on our ports.
• They all want to meet you, they want to talk to you, and they want you to visit Mexico.
• So we'll talk about it; I'm sure we'll have a lot to visit about. Looking forward to it.
• I'm sure we'll have a lot to visit about. Looking forward to it. Yes. Thank you.

Bills: SB1, SB 1

Keywords: appropriations, budget, state funding, education, healthcare, infrastructure, campground safety, youth camp regulations, flood safety, emergency evacuation, health and safety standards, 1185, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• , and we had a great presentation and discussion on our ports.
• I'd be happy to visit with you more about that, sir. Okay. Thank you very much. Thank you.
• Be happy to visit with you more about that sir. Okay. or maybe it's worthwhile considering it.
• I'd be happy to visit with you more about that, sir. Okay. Thank you very much. Thank you.
• I'm sure we'll have a lot to visit about. Looking forward to it. Yes, thank you.

Bills: SB 1

Keywords: campground safety, youth camp regulations, flood safety, emergency evacuation, health and safety standards

Summary: The committee began with Article I budget items for the Secretary of State. LBB staff outlined recommendations that would reduce the agency’s appropriation by about $40.3 million, including changes to HAVA funding, removal of one-time business system replacement money, and a rider directing the agency to use Fund 5095 first. Secretary Jane Nelson and staff then defended several exceptional items, especially additional staffing for elections and business filings, a new website, digitization of records, cybersecurity tools, and renovation of the James Earl Rudder Building. Members focused heavily on election administration, cross-checking voter rolls, Harris County complaints, call-center response times, and whether online voter registration should be expanded. No votes were taken; the discussion was informational and budget-focused. The committee then heard the Office of the Governor and trustee programs. LBB presented a recommended $2.4 million decrease for the governor’s office proper and a much larger decrease in trustee programs driven by one-time funding and unexpended balances, while still preserving major border security funding and victim assistance funding. Governor’s staff emphasized Texas’ economic growth, the importance of border security, and efforts to seek federal reimbursement for the roughly $11 billion Texas has spent on border operations. Members discussed whether shifting National Guard deployment to federal control could reduce state costs, and they also reviewed the music incubator program, the Governor’s University Research Initiative, and the semiconductor innovation consortium. Staff highlighted a $5 million late-added request for grants to protect nonprofits from violence and terrorism. Again, the exchange was largely explanatory, with no formal action. Finally, the committee took up the Texas Facilities Commission and lease payments for revenue bonds. LBB recommended major reductions overall, including removal of border wall construction funding and capital complex bond funding, but added money for higher utility costs, renovation of the Rudder Building, and additional facilities staff. George Purcell also noted stable maintenance-and-renewal funding and new riders related to the Texas State Library and Archives Commission building, tenant communications, and space utilization. For lease payments, LBB recommended a smaller appropriation tied to revenue-bond costs allocated across agencies. The discussion was informational, with members asking about the Rudder Building renovation, border wall progress, and capital complex construction timelines; no votes were recorded.

Transcript Highlights:

• All of us, as senators and House members, have the statutory authority to make unannounced visits to
• appreciating and acknowledging why unannounced visits are important for oversight?
• appreciating and acknowledging why unannounced visits are important for oversight?
• We have to follow their rules for visitation. We have to follow their rules for clergy.
• We have to follow their rules for visitation. We have to follow their rules for clergy.

Keywords: 999, senate, all

Summary: The committee on Appropriations met with a quorum present and took up four bills. SB 434, relating to assessment of residential property, was presented as a measure to prohibit counties from increasing a home’s assessed value because the owner installed wind mitigation improvements; it was reported favorably. CS for SB 110, concerning homestead exemption eligibility for 98-year or longer residential leases that terminate at death, was described as a clarifying, remedial change for long-term leaseholders and was also reported favorably. SB 856, which requires online residential listing platforms to display estimated property taxes using prescribed calculation methods and not the current owner’s tax bill, drew supportive testimony from property appraisers, Zillow representatives, and local government groups. Senators emphasized consumer transparency and the problem of buyers being surprised by post-sale tax increases. The bill was reported favorably after discussion about where the estimates would appear and whether realtors already have disclosure duties. The committee then spent most of the meeting on SPB 7040, which would recreate and extend the Emergency Preparedness and Response Trust Fund through December 31, 2027. Supporters, including the Executive Office of the Governor and Division of Emergency Management Director Kevin Guthrie, argued the fund is needed for hurricanes, other disasters, and emergency response operations, and that reimbursements from federal or other sources are returned to the fund. Opponents, including the Florida Center for Fiscal and Economic Policy, SPLC, Florida for All, and others, argued the fund has been used too broadly for immigration enforcement and detention-related activities, lacks sufficient oversight, and should be narrowed to true disasters. Senators questioned spending levels, reimbursements, detention facilities, State Guard involvement, and oversight; no final action on SPB 7040 was taken in the portion provided.

Transcript Highlights:

• But when we talk to businesses and ask them to come to our state, we talk about our great roads, our ports
• about our great roads, we talk about, well, okay, we talk about access to our roads, we talk about our ports
• Logistically, we're a great location with I-57, with I-55 and future I-57, two Mississippi River ports
• Logistically, we're a great location with I-57, with I-55 and future I-57, two Mississippi River ports
• They have a heck of a port, two ports in fact.

Keywords: 959, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Out at Port Canaveral, we have the Jacqueline, which is our landing platform vessel, and the Harvey Stone
• Our booster landed last week with our launch, successful launch, and it is back in port this morning.
• We will continue to work with the state of Florida and Port Canaveral as we continue to operate a North
• Out at Port Canaveral, we have the Jacqueline, which is our landing platform vessel, and the Harvey Stone
• We will continue to work with the state of Florida and Port Canaveral as we continue to operate a North

Summary: The Committee of Military, Veterans Affairs, Space, and Domestic Security heard a series of informational presentations focused on Florida’s aerospace and space ecosystem. Blue Origin described its Florida operations at Rocket Park, Launch Complex 36, and Port Canaveral, highlighting New Glenn and Blue Moon development, recent launch activity, workforce development efforts, and major capital investment in the state. Amazon Leo (formerly Project Kuiper) outlined its low-Earth-orbit broadband network, customer terminals, satellite and gateway architecture, dark-sky mitigation efforts, and Florida investments including a payload processing facility and launch support infrastructure. Starcatcher Industries presented its concept for an orbital energy grid that would beam power to satellites, discussed demonstrations in Florida, customer interest, and plans for a first satellite launch next year. Space Florida President and CEO Rob Long gave a strategic update on the state’s aerospace industry, citing billions in private investment, growth in aerospace establishments and projects, spaceport infrastructure investments, workforce and university partnerships, and the importance of maintaining Florida’s competitiveness against other states. NASA Kennedy Space Center Director Janet Petro then emphasized Artemis II preparations, rising launch demand, aging infrastructure, and the need for stronger state-federal coordination and investment in research, workforce, and common-use infrastructure. She compared Florida’s support structure with Texas and argued that Florida must act to avoid losing aerospace leadership. Members asked questions about mobile and aviation applications for Amazon Leo, dark-sky impacts, satellite counts, Starcatcher’s power transmission losses and storage approach, and NASA’s funding and infrastructure constraints. Petro also discussed limits on commercial investment in common infrastructure under federal rules and suggested that state investment and better alignment among partners could help. No bills were considered and no votes were taken beyond adjournment; the committee concluded by adopting a motion to adjourn.

Transcript Highlights:

• We have the three largest cruise ports in the world, the only state with four large hub commercial airports
• with JAX, Senator Martin, Southwest Florida International Airport, and also Manatee, not too far, Port
• Air and C, Senator Martin, Southwest Florida, International Airport, and also Manatees, not too far, Port
• Ports and rail operations.
• network or has there been talk of basically streamlining that system in order to get goods from the port

Summary: The committee held a panel discussion on micro-mobility device regulation and enforcement, focusing on e-bikes and e-scooters. Sheriff Robert Hardwick and Chief Jamie Cruz described serious injuries involving children, including crashes at high speeds, and argued that current law is outdated because it folds e-bikes into the bicycle statute. They urged a separate statewide framework with clearer age limits, licensing or training requirements, helmet rules, and penalties for modifying devices to go faster. Both also emphasized that parents should bear responsibility and that enforcement should include education, progressive discipline, and, if needed, civil citations. FDOT District 6 Secretary Daniel Iglesias and DHSMV representative Lonnie Groner said their agencies are prioritizing education, outreach, and better data collection. They noted that micromobility devices are increasingly common, create safety and accessibility issues on sidewalks and shared-use paths, and are difficult to track because crash reports often do not identify them consistently. Members discussed whether motorized devices should be barred from sidewalks, whether riders should be licensed and insured, and how enforcement could be made uniform statewide. The panel also said manufacturers have not been meaningfully engaged and that local approaches vary widely. The committee then heard 2026 legislative priorities from FDOT Secretary Jared Perdue and DHSMV Executive Director Dave Kerner. Perdue outlined FDOT’s large five-year work program, ongoing congestion-relief projects, investments in ports, airports, rail, workforce, heavy equipment, facilities, and cybersecurity, and the need to do more with flat revenues. Kerner summarized DHSMV’s agency bill priorities, including requiring a Florida address and proof of residence for vehicle registration, updating identification requirements, aligning tank vehicle and motor carrier rules with federal standards, improving IFTA administration, raising the crash-report damage threshold, and allowing electronic notices. No votes were taken, and the meeting adjourned after the presentations and questions.

Transcript Highlights:

• Now, we do have our state law, Port of Cologne, which is very important.
• Port of Cologne is an important backstop but it is insufficient to protect our waterways the way the
• I want to point out that we have a robust water quality protection law in Port of Cologne in California
• The companies that we represent bring these products in through the ports of Long Beach, the ports of
• LA, Port of Oakland, they'll go to They'll go to a shipping warehouse, they'll go to a distribution

Keywords: 988, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• And then mine to port by ship, and then from the port to the plant by truck.
• Aggregate from Canada is transported by ship to Jacksonville, Port Canaveral, Port Manatee, and Port
• Aggregate from Honduras is transported by ship to Port Tampa Bay, and this aggregate from Honduras is

Summary: The Transportation Committee heard and acted on a series of transportation, licensing, and memorial bills. The first major item was CS/SB 462, the Department of Transportation agency package, which included provisions on transportation trust fund revenue for electric vehicles, county project reporting, speed limits, workforce grants, procurement and utility relocation procedures, airport participation, metropolitan planning, and related DOT administration. The committee adopted a substitute amendment after extensive discussion, especially over utility relocation reimbursement, penalties, and whether the bill was too rigid while stakeholders continued negotiating. Testimony came from industry and utility representatives both supporting the need to address delays and opposing the bill’s prescriptive approach. The bill passed 8-3. The committee then approved several specialty license plate and memorial measures. CS/SB 1024 added a United States Military Academy plate alongside the Naval Academy plate. CS/SB 824 created a Florida Highway Patrol specialty plate. CS/SB 666 created a Miami Northwestern Senior High School alumni plate, with supporters emphasizing the school’s history and scholarship uses for the revenue. CS/SB 916 authorized indemnification and insurance arrangements for commuter rail operations on the Brightline corridor, modeled on SunRail law, and was reported favorably after technical amendments. CS/SB 1290 updated DHSMV rules to conform to IFTA and federal motor carrier standards, raised the crash-damage reporting threshold, and made other registration and email-notification changes; CS/SB 1292 created a public-records exemption for certain email addresses used in motor vehicle and vessel notifications. CS/SB 1408 designated memorial highways for fallen officers Jesse Madsen and Elio Diaz, and CS/SB 1502 authorized FDOT blanket permits for mobile cranes to travel at night under specified conditions. All of these bills were reported favorably. The committee also received a lengthy informational presentation from FDOT on aggregates and the state’s construction-material supply chain. The witness described aggregate sources, transportation methods, recycling efforts, the importance of the Lake Belt and out-of-state imports, and the department’s supply-chain grant program. Senators asked about long-term reserves, stranded reserves, pricing, and the impact of regulation on future supply, and requested the study and a summary of regulatory impacts for members. The meeting concluded with no further business and adjournment.

Transcript Highlights:

• Senator Port votes I. Senator Fateh votes I.
• </c><02:19:48.360><c> Senator</c><02:19:48.640><c> Port</c><02:19:48.960><c> votes</c> Senator Port votes
• Senator Port votes Senator Port votes I.
• </c><02:25:05.000><c> Senator</c><02:25:05.320><c> Port</c> I. Senator Port votes I.
• Senator Port I. Senator Port votes I. Senator Port votes<02:25:06.040><c> I.

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• The Port St. Lucie comes to mind. We have excellent space for it.
• Florida under 295.23 that establishes our marketing relationship with Visit Florida and that covers
• We also use Visit dollars for military job fairs, major events, and our annual expo.
• So I'm going veterans for—or excuse me, Visit Florida—what do they do for you?
• Visit Florida funds are directed toward marketing the state of Florida to veterans and their families

Summary: The committee took up SB 116 by Senator Burgess, a veterans bill aimed at several FDVA-related changes. The bill would reduce annual nominations to the Florida Veterans Hall of Fame from 20 to 5, expand FDVA’s survey work to assess veterans’ awareness of available programs and their health literacy, add mental health training to the veterans suicide prevention pilot, strengthen coordination and reporting between Veterans Florida and FDVA, direct FDVA to develop a plan for adult day health care facilities statewide, and allow the Florida Veterans Foundation to use a portion of Gadsden flag plate proceeds for administrative costs. Senator Burgess said the measure builds on prior “Forward March” efforts and helps close service gaps for aging veterans and others who may not know about available benefits. Testimony on SB 116 was uniformly supportive. FDVA leadership said adult day health care could be added at existing facilities such as Port St. Lucie and Lake City, and that the state would need authority and funding to move forward. A veterans legal collaborative, AARP Florida, and Endeavors all voiced support, with speakers emphasizing the importance of better outreach, mental health awareness, and care options that allow veterans to remain at home. The committee then voted favorably on SB 116. The remainder of the meeting was devoted to agency and stakeholder presentations. Florida National Guard officials described a high operational tempo, deployments at home and abroad, hurricane response efforts, and the need to grow the force and infrastructure. FDVA’s adjutant general reported Florida now has the nation’s second-largest veteran population, rising in-migration of younger veterans, a large and aging Vietnam-era population, strong claims and outreach activity, declining veteran homelessness, and improved suicide prevention outcomes. The Florida Veterans Foundation outlined its emergency relief, dental, transportation, and license-plate-funded programs, while Veterans Florida and CareerSource Florida detailed workforce, apprenticeship, SkillBridge, entrepreneurship, and job-fair programs for veterans and spouses, along with efforts to expand recurring funding and better protect customer information.

Transcript Highlights:

• Um, the agency has properties, as I said, from the Rio Grande with Port Isabel Lighthouse, the Charles
• That said, I appreciate both of you, uh, for visiting with me. I think it was last week.
• my campground in 2002, I never dreamed that 3 years later, a major hurricane named Rita would come visit
• Our tourists visit Texas to see the beauty.

Transcript Highlights:

• Chet Chasson with the Port Fouchon, in favor, not wishing to speak. Jody Monolero with Energy...
• Blake, I almost can get the Blake Port. You're writing bad.
• So they were having to go all the way back to either Morgan City or Terrebonne, Houma, one of these ports
• So they were having to go all the way back to either Morgan City or Terrebonne, Houma, one of these ports

Bills: SB480, HB621, HB637, HB804, HB841, HB1056

Keywords: fishing gear, Oyster Bayou, shrimping, regulation, marine resources, HB621, Act 658, renewable energy, recycling, decommissioning, wind energy, solar power, solar facilities, wind turbines, energy infrastructure, end-of-life disposal, universal waste, recyclable materials, waste reduction, Department of Environmental Quality

Transcript Highlights:

• to address a wide range of needs, including vouchers for daycare, prenatal care, checkups, home visiting
• We are not all going to go to the City Council or the Port Commission meetings, but we benefit when local
• For the record, my name is James Coburn, Government Relations Manager for the Washington Public Ports
• For the record, my name is James Coburn, Government Relations Manager for the Washington Public Ports
• And actually. ...to Port Angeles. We're testifying in opposition to 5387.

Bills: SB6294, SB6211, SB5650, SB6033, SB6297, SB6343, SB6067, SB6082, SB6323, SB6324, SB5862, SB5923, SB6151

Keywords: local government finance, Washington state, RCW, real estate excise tax, REET, sales and use tax, property tax levy, county tax, city tax, affordable housing, housing services, behavioral health, mental health, developmental disabilities, children and families services, youth services, utility tax, low-income utility assistance, veterans assistance, homelessness

Transcript Highlights:

• </c> sales tax on auto Port sales tax on auto Port parts<00:04:07.439><c> so</c><00:04:07.640><c> again
• The port is right in my district, and a billion-dollar port needs a strong bridge to go through so we
• The port is right in my district, and a billion-dollar port needs a strong bridge to go through so we
• The port is right in my district, and a billion-dollar port needs a strong bridge to go through so we
• The port is right in my district, and a billion-dollar port needs a strong bridge to go through so we

Bills: HF1167, HF1242

Keywords: Northern Lights Express, NLX, Minneapolis-Duluth rail, passenger rail, intercity passenger rail, high-speed rail, Duluth, Minneapolis, MnDOT, Minnesota Department of Transportation, Metropolitan Council, transportation funding, rail appropriation, general fund, trunk highway fund, rail project cancellation, infrastructure spending, commercial driver training, CDL, financial assistance

Transcript Highlights:

• I visited an ICE facility in Tacoma, Washington.
• I visited<01:59:40.639><c> an</c><01:59:40.800><c> ICE</c><01:59:41.119><c> facility</c><01:59:41.360
• ><c> in</c><01:59:41.599><c> Tacoma,</c> visited an ICE facility in Tacoma, visited an ICE facility in
• Based at the Port Chester Carver Center, home to many other worthwhile efforts, Troop 400 serves boys
• The troops draw from the heavily Hispanic youth of Port Chester and have developed incredible numbers

Keywords: U.S. House of Representatives Floor Proceedings on Thursday, January 15, 2026, 1012, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Today marks his final official visit before his retirement next month.
• And this legislative session, probably like many of you, I was visited by folks from my home community
• Each of my council's work very hard to inform visitors of the importance of visiting our part of the
• tunnel and increase critical infrastructure that supports the Port of Miami.
• The Port of Miami is one of the most fiscally successful ports in the entire state of Florida, and I

Summary: The House opened with prayer, a moment of silence for fallen Oviedo Officer Jimmy Serrano-Torres, the Pledge of Allegiance, and recognition of Chief Joseph Tuminelli as law enforcement officer of the day. The Rules and Ethics Committee report setting the special order calendar was adopted, and the Speaker announced schedule changes for the following week, including canceling the floor session on Monday and starting Tuesday at 10:30 a.m. The main floor action centered on CS/HB 7033, the House tax package. Sponsor Rep. Duggan described broad tax changes, including reducing the state sales tax rate from 6% to 5.25%, exempting certain bullion sales, repealing the aviation fuel tax, delaying the natural gas fuel tax, changing corporate income tax treatment for charitable trusts, reducing the pari-mutuel tax on card rooms, and major changes to tourist development tax (TDT) use. The bill would redirect most TDT revenue toward property tax relief, dissolve tourist development councils, and include related property tax and local tax administration changes. Several amendments were debated: a Driscoll amendment to preserve local TDT flexibility failed; Duggan’s amendment giving local governments 25% discretion over TDT revenues was adopted; Eskamani’s combined-reporting amendment failed; and a Duggan amendment requiring audit certification of compliance with the TDT/property tax relief provisions was adopted. After debate, CS/HB 7033 passed 78-29. The House then took up CS/CS/HB 1221 on local option taxes, which was presented as a companion-style measure to give local governments more flexibility while redirecting TDT revenues toward property tax relief. Supporters argued the bill would provide immediate relief to property owners and restore accountability in local tax use, while opponents warned it would undermine tourism funding, infrastructure, and local services. An amendment allowing local governments to retain 25% of TDT revenues for general purposes was adopted, and the bill passed 62-45 after floor debate. The final item shown was the reading of CS/CS/HJR 1257, a proposed constitutional amendment related to property tax exemptions and assessment limits, but the transcript cuts off before debate or action on that measure.

Transcript Highlights:

• with the children, and it was a very exciting time for that visit.
• </c><00:41:21.359><c> with</c> parents, talk to the staff, visit with parents, talk to the staff, visit
• . one of the exciting time for that visit. one of the the<00:41:27.440><c> many</c><00:41:27.680><c>
• I don't have any background, but I first heard that Senator Port had referenced that in an elections
• had referenced that in a Senator Port had referenced that in a elections<01:48:28.000><c> committee<

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Kupec, Lang, Latz, Limmer, Lucero, Mann, Marty, Mohamed, Murphy, Nelson, Oumou Verbeten, Pappas, Pha, Port
• <00:07:14.840><c> Pratt,</c><00:07:15.800><c> Putnam,</c><00:07:16.480><c> Rarick,</c> Pappas, Pa, Port
• , Pratt, Putnam, Rarick, Pappas, Pa, Port, Pratt, Putnam, Rarick, Rasmussen,<00:07:18.120><c> Rest,</
• Senator Port. Thank you, Mr. President. Uh, members, I am here to present House File 3615.
• Senator<00:40:52.960><c> Port.</c> Senator Port. Senator Port.

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Orthodontics, avoid tooth extractions or surgery for your orthodontic treatment, visit Dr.

Bills: SB161, SB195, SB216, SB245, SB246, SB257, SB258, SB260, SB278, SB281, SB283, SB93, SB98, SB99, SB306, SB314, SB315

Keywords: vehicle safety, crash test, crashworthiness, NHTSA, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, New Car Assessment Program, NCAP, motor vehicle safety standards, 49 CFR parts 571 and 572, THOR dummy, THOR-50M, THOR-05F, WorldSID, female crash test dummy, male crash test dummy, occupant protection, frontal impact, side impact, vehicle ratings, automotive safety