Transcript Highlights:

• courts around the state, members of the Judicial Council, the California Judges Association, and the Bench
• In May, we were then faced with $97 million in reductions at the trial court level and the prospect of
• The trial court level and the prospect of up to 7.95% reductions for other parts of the judicial branch
• Since my address last year, at least 19 legislators spent time visiting nine local trial courts in their
• Since I delivered my last State of the Judiciary, our trial courts in all 58 counties have now implemented

Summary: The California Legislature met in joint convention for the annual State of the Judiciary address, with judges and justices from across the state in attendance along with Governor Newsom and other statewide officials. The opening included prayer and the Pledge of Allegiance, followed by the formal introduction of Chief Justice Patricia Guerrero and the California Supreme Court justices. Speakers emphasized the importance of judicial independence, the courts’ role in protecting rights and democracy, and the value of collaboration between the legislative and judicial branches. Chief Justice Guerrero focused on the state of the judicial branch, beginning with budget pressures from prior cuts and noting partial restoration in the governor’s proposed budget, while urging continued stable funding for courts, court-appointed counsel, and judgeships in high-need counties. She highlighted the expansion and benefits of remote proceedings, ongoing judicial vacancies, workload growth, and efforts to improve data collection and case-weighting. She also discussed implementation of the CARE Act, the court interpreter workforce pilot, CASA and kin-first child welfare efforts, courthouse security and facilities projects, and the judiciary’s work on generative AI guardrails. A major portion of the address addressed the recent problems with the California bar exam and broader State Bar oversight. Guerrero said the court would pursue remedies for examinees harmed by the failures and would strengthen admissions oversight, including the role of the Committee of Bar Examiners. She also reiterated support for pro bono legal services and discussed immigration-related courthouse access, citing state laws limiting cooperation with federal immigration enforcement in courthouses. The convention concluded after remarks thanking the judiciary and Legislature, and the joint session adjourned without any recorded votes or formal legislative action.

Transcript Highlights:

• agreement, and that requiring the consent... ...constitutional right to insist on a bench trial.
• the judge who will conduct that bench trial.
• trial before that judge.
• It is solely the defendant that is choosing if they are going to have a bench trial before that judge
• trial.

Committee: Senate Judiciary C

Transcript Highlights:

• </c> wave their right to a jury trial. wave their right to a jury trial.
• I won't say his name because he was acquitted on a bench trial.
• It's up to the judge if you don't have a bench trial, and they can pretend.
• And I think it's very important that we don't box someone into a bench trial.
• don't box someone into a bench trial. don't box someone into a bench trial.

Committee: House Judiciary

Transcript Highlights:

• ,</c> but as somebody who um does jury trials, but as somebody who um does jury trials, I<00:42:32.800
• When judges enter the bench, they have to learn how to become a judge.
• often takes years to brings to the bench often takes years to develop.<00:51:31.119><c> We</c><00:51
• And so raising the age is a strategy to prevent seasoned judges from being forced off the bench or to
• That means fewer bench warrants, costs.

Committee: House Judiciary & Hawaiian Affairs

Summary: The House Committee on Judiciary and Hawaiian Affairs heard House Bill 2095, which would provide supplemental appropriations for the Judiciary for the 2025-2027 biennium. Judiciary Administrative Director Brandon Kimura testified in strong support and outlined a request for about $6.4 million in supplemental operating funds, plus four permanent full-time position conversions. He grouped the request into security, services to court users, and staffing needs, including $3.25 million for supplemental armed private security at judiciary facilities statewide, nearly $200,000 for cybersecurity staffing and support, restoration of funding for substance use treatment purchase-of-service contracts, restoration of funding for the Office of Public Guardian on Kauaʻi, salary commission funding, a Kona court operations position, and two Court-Appointed Special Advocates positions converted from temporary to permanent. He also described five capital improvement requests totaling $55.4 million, led by $30 million for construction of a new South Kohala courthouse, $1.2 million each for air conditioning upgrades in Hilo and Kauaʻi, $15 million for elevator upgrades at Kahumanu Hale, and $8 million in lump-sum bond funds for emerging projects. Several organizations testified in support, including Parents and Children Together and the True Cost Coalition. Supporters emphasized the importance of the purchase-of-service funding for domestic violence and substance use treatment services and said the restoration would return funding to pre-COVID levels and help providers maintain capacity. Kimura explained that the Judiciary often shifts funds among contracts during the year to avoid service interruptions, but that the reduced funding has caused delays and operational problems for providers and probationers. Members asked detailed questions about the capital projects and operating requests. Representative Shimizu asked for more information on the lump-sum bond funds and the elevator project, and Kimura explained that the Kahumanu Hale request covers four remaining elevator shafts after earlier funding addressed the first five elevators. Representative Cochran asked about the absence of Maui County projects, and Kimura said the Judiciary is still planning for its older Maui facilities with DAGS. Chair Tarnas questioned the need for armed private guards and discussed whether court security should be prioritized within the Department of Law Enforcement; Kimura said the Judiciary needs additional personnel now and has not asked DLE to deprioritize other missions, though the chair suggested further coordination between the agencies. No vote or final action on the bill was taken in the portion of the hearing provided.

Transcript Highlights:

• Currently, an individual has a right to a jury trial, a criminal jury trial. Is that correct?
• or elect to have a jury trial.
• The Constitution says you have a right to a jury trial.
• It doesn't say you have a right to a non-jury trial. You are guaranteed the right to a jury trial.
• You don't invoke your right to a jury trial; you have a right to a jury trial.

Bills: HR295 , HR296 , HR297 , HR298 , HR299 , HR300 , HR301 , HR302 , HR303 , HR304 , HR305 , HR306 , HR307 , HCR115 , HCR116 , HCR117 , HR286 , HR287 , HR288 , HR290 , HR291 , HR292 , HR293 , HR294 , SCR61 , SCR68 , SB121 , SB250 , SB348 , SB444 , SB485 , HR252 , HR253 , HCR96 , HCR103 , HCR108 , SB268 , SB283 , SB414 , HCR98 , HR179 , HR223 , HR225 , HR274 , HCR89 , HCR26 , HB250 , HB265 , HB339 , HB427 , HB445 , HB463 , HB468 , HB606 , HB639 , HB649 , HB665 , HB746 , HB781 , HB853 , HB861 , HB872 , HB886 , HB916 , HB937 , HB1054 , HB1068 , HB1117 , HB1237 , HB74 , HB108 , HB956 , HB1085 , HB1137 , HB75 , SB39 , SB99 , SB111 , SB112 , SB124 , SB134 , SB174 , SB189 , SB190 , SB201 , SB233 , SB236 , SB258 , SB270 , SB273 , SB288 , SB307 , SB313 , SB320 , SB321 , SB325 , SB326 , SB331 , SB339 , SB341 , SB345 , SB346 , SB347 , SB353 , SB357 , SB359 , SB387 , SB393 , SB401 , SB415 , SB419 , SB422 , SB426 , SB435 , SB437 , SB440 , SB451 , SB464 , SB470 , SB487 , SB488 , SB495 , SB504 , SB505 , SB518 , SB523 , HR84 , HB646 , HB998 , HB1191 , SB78 , SB81 , SB97 , SB100 , SB109 , SB123 , SB125 , SB208 , SB385 , SB479 , SB56 , SB163 , SB197 , HB901 , HR20 , HR74 , HR168 , HCR65 , HCR71 , HB284 , HB302 , HB306 , HB341 , HB366 , HB393 , HB458 , HB577 , HB603 , HB605 , HB614 , HB625 , HB733 , HB752 , HB773 , HB798 , HB911 , HB955 , HB996 , HB1035 , HB1069 , HB1113 , HB1140 , HB1180 , HB1240 , HB1255 , SB82 , SB89 , HB134 , HB258 , HB359 , HB782 , SB29 , SB42 , SB43 , SB149 , SB382 , SB441

Keywords: Energy Caucus, Louisiana House of Representatives, energy policy, fossil fuels, oil and gas, natural gas, renewable energy, solar, wind power, nuclear power, legislative caucus, industry group, economic development, state legislature, House resolution, energy sector, victims' services, criminal justice, Department of Public Safety and Corrections, Act No. 370

Transcript Highlights:

• The maximum fee that they can charge per case at the trial court level was set in 1986 at $500.
• 45.720><c> the</c> that they can charge um per case at the that they can charge um per case at the trial
• court level was set in 1986 at trial court level was set in 1986 at $500<00:04:50.320><c> this</c><00
• uh two years prior to taking the bench uh two years ago<00:21:16.880><c> uh</c><00:21:17.000><c> I</
• office may be covering multiple different jurisdictions out of that individual trial office.

Summary: The subcommittee met to discuss the guardian ad litem system, including appointment qualifications, training, payment, and whether any changes are needed. Roll was called, the February 25, 2025 minutes were approved, and the chair emphasized that the meeting was informational only and no vote would be taken. Representatives from the Court of Justice, including Chief Justice Deborah Henry Lambert and several family and district judges, testified about how the system has evolved since concerns raised in 2019 about overappointment and fees. Court witnesses said the judiciary responded to earlier concerns by requiring open appointment lists of trained and qualified attorneys, improving training, and increasing oversight of fee orders. They reported that statewide GAL fees have fallen from a little over $14 million in 2019 to about $12 million, even as caseloads have grown, and said the average payment works out to about $650 per case, with the statutory cap for trial-level GAL fees still set at $500 since 1986. They argued that the current local appointment model works well, especially in rural areas, and warned that moving to a DPA-style regional model would create serious scheduling and conflict problems because of overlapping dockets and related criminal cases. Judges from rural districts described shortages of available attorneys, high burnout, travel burdens, and the difficulty of finding enough counsel in smaller counties. They also said the Court of Justice cannot seek certain federal Title IV-E reimbursements, but urged the legislature to encourage the Finance and Administration Cabinet and the Cabinet for Health and Family Services to pursue that funding through an MOU. One judge noted that some appointed attorneys are effectively underpaid relative to private rates and that better compensation would help attract and retain lawyers. The discussion also covered training standards adopted after the 2019 audit. Witnesses said Rule 37 now requires initial training and four hours of multidisciplinary continuing training every two years, with topics including child development, trauma-informed care, substance use, child welfare, forensics, ethics, and communication with clients. They said the Court of Justice has offered in-person regional trainings and remote options, and that the goal is to keep qualified attorneys on the appointment lists while improving representation for children and parents in dependency, neglect, abuse, and termination-of-parental-rights cases.

Transcript Highlights:

• are empowered and even required to keep those violent criminals in custody as they await a speedy trial
• Back quickly to the topic of judicial pay, he had to leave the bench many years ago to help support his
• daughters through college. ...of judicial pay, he had to leave the bench many years ago to help send
• The court's official motto, which is inscribed on the bench where we sit across the Capitol grounds,
• The court's official motto, which is inscribed on the bench where we sit across the Capitol grounds,

Bills: SB26 , SB28 , SJR36 , SB26 , SB616 , SB565 , SB384 , SB28

Summary: The House and Senate met in joint session under HCR 5 to hear an address from Texas Supreme Court Chief Justice Jimmy Blacklock, with Lieutenant Governor Dan Patrick introducing him. The session included recognition of the justices, judges, law enforcement officers, and interpreters present, and it also marked the formal completion of the joint session once the address ended. Chief Justice Blacklock said the state of the judiciary is strong, while paying tribute to former Chief Justice Nathan Hecht and thanking Governor Abbott for his appointment. His remarks focused on judicial administration and public safety, including a call for a 30% increase in district judge salaries, which he argued is needed to attract and retain qualified judges. He also urged support for law enforcement, backed efforts to keep violent offenders in custody pending trial, and said the court is gathering data to identify underperforming judges and use constitutional remedies where necessary. Blacklock emphasized that Texas courts should interpret statutes and the constitution according to text and original meaning, rejecting the “living constitution” approach. He highlighted reforms to improve efficiency and reduce litigation costs, including changes to docketing practices, civil procedure, and the regulation of legal services, and he urged the State Bar to remain politically neutral. He also discussed family law and child welfare, arguing for stronger legal representation for parents and suggesting repeal of Family Code subsection O, which he said can unfairly lead to termination of parental rights. The joint session concluded after his remarks, and the House stood at ease as guests departed.

Transcript Highlights:

• individually introduce you, and I'm going to ask you to remain standing until we've introduced the entire bench
• courts around the state, members of the Judicial Council, the California Judges Association, and the Bench
• In May, we were then faced with $97 million in reductions at the trial court level and the prospect of
• Since my address last year, at least 19 legislators spent time visiting nine local trial courts in their
• Since I delivered my last State of the Judiciary, our trial courts in all 58 counties have now implemented

Summary: The California Legislature met in Joint Convention for the annual State of the Judiciary, with remarks from legislative leaders, a prayer and Pledge of Allegiance, and the formal introduction of Chief Justice Patricia Guerrero and the California Supreme Court justices. Speakers emphasized the importance of judicial independence, the courts’ role in safeguarding democracy and equal justice, and the long history of the California Supreme Court. The convention also recognized statewide constitutional officers and judges from across California. Chief Justice Guerrero focused her address on the judicial branch’s budget needs and the impact of prior cuts, noting court closures, furloughs, and reduced services, while saying partial restoration in the governor’s proposed budget would help reduce hiring freezes and service disruptions. She urged continued “three-branch” collaboration and highlighted court operations and programs, including remote hearings, judicial vacancies, court-appointed counsel funding, workload and case-complexity data, CARE Act implementation, AI guardrails, interpreter workforce training, CASA programs, kin-first child placement efforts, court facility projects, and courthouse security improvements. She also discussed the State Bar and bar exam administration, calling for stronger oversight and remedies after recent exam failures, and addressed immigration-related court access issues, reaffirming that courts must remain open and accessible while respecting constitutional limits on state and federal authority. The convention concluded with thanks from legislative leaders and adjournment of the Joint Convention.

Transcript Highlights:

• The first clinical trial for my wife's first drug, if you are familiar, the first round clinical trials
• 00:12.800><c> they're</c><04:00:13.040><c> very</c> right trial laws though they're very right trial
• </c> control clinical trials. control clinical trials.
• If Chief Justice McDonald's bench.
• </c><05:45:00.240><c> this</c> understand she leaves the bench this understand she leaves the bench this

Committee: House Judiciary

Transcript Highlights:

• Chairman, I believe you had a bench come open in Collin County recently.
• I'm informed. and we had a grand total of three applicants for that bench.
• So I'm just begging you, judicial salaries for the trial judges, particularly in those big counties.
• Judges in your county that were shackling lawyers to the benches, that were turning loose.
• But putting people on these benches that shouldn't be there in the first place can't be fixed other than

Bills: HB170 , HB865 , HB748 , HJR112 , HB 1110 , HB1495 , HB786 , HB 1130 , HB170

Committee: House Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence

Keywords: civil liability, self-defense, force, deadly force, legal immunity, attorney's fees, criminal justice, firearms, liability, veterans, gun ownership, immunity, firearm hold agreement, sexual abuse, nondisclosure, confidentiality, public policy, Trey's Law, parental rights, child upbringing

Transcript Highlights:

• Of course, hearings and trials are not always avoidable.
• They're kind of almost ready to go to trial.
• So about 50% of them don't go to trial.
• So, kind of almost ready to go to trial.
• </c> constitutional right for a speedy trial constitutional right for a speedy trial period.<02:21:57.359

Summary: The Children and Family Law Committee met on April 15, 2025, and opened a hearing on Senate Bill 269, which would remove references to “bride and groom” and replace them with “applicants” in the Vital Records Act. The bill was described by the sponsor’s designee as a housekeeping update requested by the Secretary of State to modernize and standardize the language in light of same-sex marriage and to make the statute gender-neutral. Members asked whether the change would affect the substance of marriage law, marriage ceremonies, age and residence requirements, or open the door to polygamy; the response was that it would not change the law, would still apply to two adults, and would not supersede New Hampshire’s ban on polygamy. Some members noted the bill had passed the Senate unanimously and 18-0, while others questioned whether the change was necessary given existing forms and statutes, and whether it could create confusion with other laws such as alimony or divorce paperwork. The discussion became lengthy and somewhat informal, with members debating whether the terminology update was merely clerical or whether it should be postponed for more information from the Secretary of State’s office. Several members expressed frustration that no representative from that office was present. One member, speaking as a family law attorney, argued the bill was redundant because similar information already appears on vital statistics forms and could potentially create unintended issues; others countered that the Legislature should keep statutes consistent with current law and modern terminology. The committee also briefly discussed how marriage certificates and licenses are labeled and how same-sex couples are designated under current law. After a Republican caucus break, the chair called for a nonbinding thumb vote on whether to postpone the bill. The committee voted to come back to the bill later, and the hearing on SB 269 was closed and postponed to a later executive session date. The chair then shifted to other committee business, including preparations for a later discussion with Chief Administrative Justice Ellen Kristo and a family court subcommittee exercise, but no further action was taken on SB 269 during this segment.

Transcript Highlights:

• The thinking was that these cases could be handled separately. ...to free up our other trial courts for
• Supreme Court with a year of experience to look at and to write some rules, with advice from all of the trial
• and had to take an $18,000 pay cut to take the bench as a business court judge.
• Again, you know, the MDL process deals with pre-trial proceedings, with the actual trials of those cases
• Come back to the business court for a trial on that.

Bills: SB1538 , SB2883 , HB1734 , HB2340 , HB2350 , HB3376

Committee: Senate Jurisprudence

Transcript Highlights:

• and the country carry out their duties to apply the law fairly and impartially and deliver on the trial
• and the country carry out their duties to apply the law fairly and impartially and deliver on the trial
• The trial court has done a lot of work, and we have what about DeleteMe, which is the premier way to
• My question is, I know that there are many diverse candidates who have tried to go through the bench
• And I know the Massachusetts Academy of Trial Attorneys has endorsed the MIDDA, albeit in a different

Committee: Joint Joint Committee on the Judiciary

Summary: The Joint Committee on the Judiciary held a hearing on bills in the Civil Actions 2 and Court Administration areas, with testimony spanning judicial security, judicial compensation, civil process fees, bar advocate compensation, interstate discovery, defamation protections for sexual assault survivors, and related criminal procedure changes. Chairs Edwards and Day opened with housekeeping rules on testimony limits and written submissions, then called witnesses on each bill in turn. On H. 1766, judicial officers and the Massachusetts Bar Association strongly supported a judicial security bill that would protect judges’ personal information, citing threats, online harassment, swatting, and violence against judges and their families. On H. 1819, judges and the Massachusetts Judges Conference asked for higher compensation, saying Massachusetts judges rank low nationally after cost-of-living adjustment and that pay affects recruitment and retention. The committee also heard support for H. 1582/S. 1183 to raise civil process service fees, with sheriffs saying the fees have been unchanged since 2003 and are needed to cover rising costs, safety equipment, and operations funded by those fees. The committee heard from prosecutors on H. 1604 and H. 1846, which would give district courts concurrent jurisdiction over certain school-threat and leaving-the-scene offenses, allowing prosecutors to handle less serious or panic-driven cases more efficiently while preserving mandatory penalties. CPCS and bar advocates supported H. 1876 on bar advocate compensation, describing a continuing shortage and crisis in indigent defense despite recent pay increases and staffing investments. The Boston Bar Association supported H. 1857, a Massachusetts version of the Interstate Depositions and Discovery Act, saying it would simplify out-of-state discovery and reduce cost and delay. A large portion of the hearing focused on H. 1974/S. 1143, which would protect survivors of sexual assault and harassment from retaliatory defamation suits unless the plaintiff proves actual malice, and would allow fee shifting and damages against abusive suits. Survivors, advocates, and attorneys described threats, legal costs, and chilling effects that silence reporting, while supporters said the bill would protect truthful speech and improve access to counsel. The committee also heard insurance-industry testimony on S. 1101, which would change personal injury protection payment rules to require insurers to tender disputed amounts within 30 days to avoid attorney’s fees; insurers said the bill would curb a growing volume of provider lawsuits and reduce abuse of the no-fault system. No votes were taken during the hearing, and the chair closed after all scheduled testimony was complete.

Transcript Highlights:

• I'll tell you, I recently just went to a bench trial on a 2009 case.
• I'll tell you, I recently just went to a bench trial on a 2009 case, and there are tons of these what
• Engaged in through pre-trial negotiation, we're in excess of $100,000.
• If he took this case to a jury trial, the damages would amount to over $8 million.
• Plaintiff is not holding the bag if they lose their case at trial.

Summary: The subcommittee considered a long agenda of civil justice and claims measures. HB 1173, relating to the Florida Trust Code, was presented as a clarification of standing in trust litigation after recent case law; after questions about who may sue, an amendment was adopted clarifying that an expressly named charity retains standing, and the bill passed 14-2. HB 1437, on attorney’s fees in motor vehicle PIP disputes, drew testimony from insurers and reform groups opposing a return to fee-driven litigation and from medical groups supporting fee recovery for prevailing parties; it passed 17-0. CS/HB 147, addressing prohibited debt-collection communications during nighttime and early morning hours, was described as a clarification of an outdated statute in light of modern communications, with support from business groups and no opposition in the vote; it passed 18-0. The committee then heard several claims bills against the Department of Children and Families. HB 6511, for relief of L.P., described severe injuries to a child after DCF allegedly failed to act on warning signs; a technical amendment was adopted and the bill passed 18-0. HB 6515, for relief of Michael Barnett, involved DCF’s alleged failure to investigate domestic violence that preceded the killing of three children and injury of a fourth; members asked about the settlement amount and the case’s circumstances, and the bill also passed 18-0. HB 1517, expanding wrongful death law to allow parents of an unborn child to recover for the child’s death, generated the most extensive debate. The sponsor said it aligns civil law with existing criminal definitions and excludes claims against mothers and providers of lawful medical care, including IVF; opponents warned it could be used to target reproductive care, support networks, and domestic violence survivors, while supporters framed it as a justice measure for families. An amendment clarifying damages rules for minors and unborn children was adopted, and the bill passed 13-4. Finally, HB 947, on evidence of medical damages in personal injury and wrongful death cases, sought to allow broader evidence at trial and to change “shall” to “may”; supporters said it would improve fairness and transparency, while opponents argued it would weaken post-2023 tort reforms and reintroduce inflated medical damages. The amendment was adopted and the bill was then taken up with additional opposition testimony.

Transcript Highlights:

• Judge Stagner has represented a range of clients in both the trial and appellate level, including in
• from the bench.
• I don't think that anybody ought to legislate from the bench.
• District Court in Harris County on New Year's Day of this year. to take in the bench.
• One thing I'm very proud of is that when I took the bench, we had 959. cases.

Committee: Senate Nominations

Transcript Highlights:

• are empowered. and even required, to keep those violent criminals in custody as they await a speedy trial
• especially want to thank Chief Justice Scott Brister. of the 15th Court of Appeals for returning to the bench
• Back quickly to the topic of judicial pay, he had to leave the bench. bench many years ago to help send
• But his daughters are grown, and he's back on the bench, and the state of the judiciary is stronger.
• I'll close with this, the court's official motto, which is inscribed on the bench where we sit across

Transcript Highlights:

• What this bill does is it allows our trial judges to take their bench experience, which is a... ...bench
• elected to either the Court of Civil Appeals, Criminal Appeals, or the Supreme Court, it encourages trial

Bills: HB37 , HB187 , HB177 , SB63 , HB82 , SB48 , HB33 , HB37 , HB33

Committee: House Ways and Means General Fund

Keywords: judicial compensation, salary increase, court system, Alabama legislation, judges, HB187, court fees, docket fee, sheriff's fund, sheriff's office, jail operations, law enforcement, county sheriff, court filing fees, Alabama Code 12-19-312, solicitor's fund, clerk's fund, forensic services trust fund, budget flexibility, public safety

Transcript Highlights:

• </c> if somebody when somebody gets a bench if somebody when somebody gets a bench warrant?
• If the bench warrant in terms of that.
• And we know there's some pilots going on and some trials going on.
• And we know there's some pilots going on and some trials going on.
• </c> going on and some trials going on. going on and some trials going on.

Bills: HB1977 , HB1764 , HB1934 , HB2533 , HB1790 , HB2181 , HB1870 , HB2140 , HB2468 , HB2358 , HB1588 , HB1688 , HB1986 , HB2030 , HB2195 , HB1949 , HB1695 , HB1950 , HB2094 , HB2115 , HB2297 , HB2336 , HB2416 , HB2049

Committee: House Finance

Transcript Highlights:

• And 37, the trial court level.
• But when you're in trial, you're very much in full-time.
• You're going to be whenever that judge says we're starting trial at 8.30, this morning.
• And then they do have a little bit more flexibility and less stress of the trial schedule.
• So if you get to 2 to 3 years in 25 trials, jury trials under their belt, they now have an extraordinary

Transcript Highlights:

• trial or immediately appeal to the superior court for a jury trial.
• The bill streamlines the process and avoids a child having to go through two trials.
• should a finding second criminal trial should a finding of<00:13:39.279><c> guilt</c><00:13:39.519><
• appeal</c><00:13:50.320><c> to</c><00:13:50.480><c> the</c> bench trial or immediately appeal to the
• bench trial or immediately appeal to the superior<00:13:51.120><c> court</c><00:13:51.360><c> for</c

Committee: House Criminal Justice and Public Safety