Transcript Highlights:

• John Adams found more than 500 years of democratic representative government.
• They have democratic elections for a president, a parliament, and their mayors.
• That's not democratic, and that's not democratic and least.
• Bratiskew, if you had been elected to the Boise City Council and the flag came before you, and it is a democratic
• exceptions and this legislation, if it didn't exist, we would be able to go through and use our democratic

Committee: House State Affairs

Summary: The committee first heard RS 33206, a proposal by Representative Gannon to allow “plug-in solar” or portable solar generators for homes and small businesses. He described it as a limited, UL-approved option capped at 1,200 watts, modeled on Utah legislation, and argued it could give consumers more flexibility and reduce utility controversy. Members questioned whether the devices are currently prohibited under utility rules and whether the bill was needed; Gannon said existing regulations likely require utility permission. The committee voted to introduce RS 33206. The committee then heard RS 3321 C1 from Representative Raibald, which would address county clerk concerns about liability and indemnification for private properties used as polling places. He said the measure would extend liability protections to polling-place properties and allow clerks to request coverage through the Secretary of State’s self-insured policy so long-used voting locations could remain available. The committee voted to introduce the RS. The bulk of the meeting focused on House Bill 561, a bill restricting flags displayed by government entities. Representative Hill said the bill was a response to Boise’s flag policy and was intended to keep government spaces neutral, with exceptions for certain official flags; he acknowledged some “collateral damage” to community banners and other displays. Supporters argued the bill was needed to prevent government endorsement of divisive symbols and to preserve a neutral public sphere. Opponents, including Boise Mayor Lauren McLean, city counsel Eric Stidham, clergy, LGBTQ advocates, Basque community members, and others, said the bill was an overreach that targeted Boise’s pride flag, limited local control, and would chill expression and harm community inclusion. Testimony also raised concerns about the bill’s penalties and possible unintended effects on other flags and community events. After testimony, the committee debated motions to advance the bill, hold it, or send it to general orders; the transcript ends amid that discussion without a final recorded disposition.

Transcript Highlights:

• You may not like that I moved into my old district and challenged an incumbent Democrat, but I did.
• And I did that in a majority Democrat district because people trust me and they value my opinions.
• I'm a Democrat. I didn't get any special consideration on the bills.
• And it doesn't matter if you're a Democrat or Republican, you listen to all this and access all the media
• And again, I think it's important that we as legislators, this is not a Democratic or Republican thing

Committee: House House Appropriations & Finance

Transcript Highlights:

• Let's—it's our Democrats included. Watch out. Democrats included. We got it.
• Let's—it's our Democrats included. Watch out. Democrats included. We got it. [Laughter] Okay.
• Let's—it's our Democrats included. Watch out. Democrats included. We got it. [Laughter] Okay.

Committee: Senate Energy and Natural Resources

Keywords: 1191, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• I want to thank my Republican House members and my Democratic House members for joining us.
• I want to thank the Republicans and Democrats from the House and Senate for being here and shining a
• is still the world's largest market, supported by the world's largest economy, under the rule of democratic
• hearing and each one of you contributed a great deal of substance and ideas to the House and Senate Democrats
• I am glad that all Senate Democrats voted against it. overturning this Biden administration rule and

Committee: Senate Aging (Special) Committee

Keywords: Chinese Communist Party, retirement security, investment risks, SEC enforcement, Bipartisan action

Summary: The meeting primarily addressed concerns regarding the impact of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) on American investments and the financial security of retirees. The chair discussed legislation aimed at ensuring the protection of American investors against the risks posed by Chinese companies. There was a consensus among the members regarding the necessity to enforce existing policies that require compliance from foreign companies wishing to trade on American exchanges. The discussion included testimony from various stakeholders highlighting the urgent need to limit exposure to the CCP in retirement portfolios. Additionally, there were calls for increased accountability of regulatory bodies such as the SEC to better shield American investors from potential loss.

Transcript Highlights:

• Court officers notified the Democratic members of a caucus at 1 p.m. in Room 1A.
• Court officers notified the Democratic members of a caucus at 1 p.m. in Room 1A. Roll call is at 1.

Keywords: 995, all

Summary: The House opened with the Pledge of Allegiance and then took up a procedural matter from the Committee on Rules. Members voted to suspend the rules and Joint Rule 12 so that a petition by Edward R. Phillips and Michael F. Rush could be referred to the Committee on Environment and Natural Resources. The petition would authorize the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority to provide sewer service to a specific parcel of land in Sharon. The chamber then observed a moment of silence in memory of longtime Chicopee Councillor Robert Ziggy Zagorowski, with remarks noting his service as a Chicopee police officer, K-9 officer, DARE program director, and constable, as well as his community involvement and family. No debate on the underlying petition was recorded. The House adopted an order to adjourn when it finished business and to reconvene on Wednesday at 11 a.m. Ms. Kane then moved adjournment, and the House adjourned accordingly. A Democratic caucus was also announced for 1 p.m. in Room 1A.

Transcript Highlights:

• Signed sincerely, Hakeem Jeffries, Democratic Leader.
• SIGNED SINCERELY, HAKEEM JEFFRIES DEMOCRATIC LEADER.

Keywords: U.S. House of Representatives Floor Proceedings on Friday, January 31, 2025, 1012, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• To the Democratic caucus, remember, power concedes nothing without a demand.
• Democrats in this chamber are not spectators. We are not decorative opposition.
• Democrats in this chamber are not spectators. we are Democrats in this chamber are not spectators.
• To the Democratic members who will continue this work, please do not shrink.
• Senator Thomas Eagleton of Missouri was nominated as the Democratic vice presidential nominee.

Summary: The House convened with prayer, the Pledge of Allegiance, a quorum call, and several recognitions, including a moment of silence for service members killed in the Middle East conflict. The chamber adopted the special order report and then took up several bills on the special order calendar. Early action included passage of CS/CS/HB 981 on tributaries of the St. Johns River and Ocklawaha River restoration after debate over environmental benefits versus concerns about impacts to Rodman Reservoir, rural communities, property values, and long-term uncertainty. The bill passed 107-3. Members then considered CS/HB 1389 on affordable housing and the Live Local Act. The bill would expand multifamily and mixed-use allowances, limit local setback/stepback restrictions, remove local opt-out authority, address accessory dwelling units, and waive sovereign immunity for certain land-use discrimination claims. Supporters argued it would increase housing supply amid a statewide shortage; opponents objected to further state preemption of local control and the ADU provisions. The bill passed 78-29. The House also passed CS/CS/HB 1085, codifying the local government cybersecurity grant program and prioritizing fiscally constrained counties, by a unanimous 109-0 vote. The chamber next debated CS/HB 273 on special districts, which would allow certain agreements in rural areas of opportunity and impose new transparency and budget rules on larger downtown development districts. Questions focused on the meaning of “directly benefit,” the 10% administrative cap, budget approval authority, and the bill’s effect on downtown development authorities. An amendment to remove the downtown district provisions failed, and the bill passed 88-0. The House later returned to the temporarily postponed CS/HB 989 on motor vehicle manufacturers and franchise dealers, which limits allocation of new vehicle lines to any one dealer group; it passed 109-1. Finally, the House took up CS/HB 1329 on local government spending transparency. The bill requires tentative budgets to be posted 14 days before hearings, final budgets to remain online for five years, and budget data to be searchable and downloadable, with waivers for smaller governments. Members debated whether the bill would impose costs despite the sponsor’s claim of zero fiscal impact. An amendment by Representative Cheney would have added hardship assistance for small governments and CFO support, but the transcript ends during debate on that amendment before final disposition is shown.

Transcript Highlights:

• Members, please join me in welcoming Texas Democratic women to the chamber this morning. Woo-hoo!
• President, members, what a pleasure it is to join Senator Eckhardt in welcoming the Texas Democratic
• hope that you will notice that there are eight women in the Texas Senate, four Republicans and four Democrats
• It's anti-democratic. We don't need it in Texas.
• We are moving Republican and Democrat bills every week out of that education committee.

Summary: The Senate convened with a quorum, heard an invocation, received a House message announcing passage of H.B. 500, and a gubernatorial nomination for the Upper Neches River Municipal Water Authority Board. The chamber adopted several resolutions, including SR 409 recognizing Blue Ribbon Lobby Day, SR 402 honoring the discovery of the woolly devil plant at Big Bend National Park, and recognitions for Operation Christmas RGV and Wilson County Day. The Senate also heard an announcement that the Committee on Senate Nominations action report had been placed on members’ desks. The body then took up and passed several bills. SB 2365 was passed to prohibit personal wireless communication devices by public school students during instructional time, with exceptions for health, special education, and safety needs. SB 1869 was passed to reaffirm the DSHS commissioner’s authority over controlled-substance schedule changes without rulemaking or judicial review. SB 1124 was passed to revise criminal discovery procedures in response to the Heath decision, with supporters saying it preserves exculpatory evidence protections while limiting suppression of inculpatory evidence when the defense already knew of it. SB 1758 was passed to create a Grayson County pilot study and temporary permitting hold concerning a cement kiln/quarry near a semiconductor wafer facility, and SB 2078 was passed to regulate composting in certain counties, after a clarifying amendment. The Senate also passed SB 33, barring governmental entities from transactions that support abortion assistance or out-of-state abortion procurement; SB 34, expanding wildfire preparedness measures, studies, equipment databases, and rural fire department funding; SB 1208, increasing the penalty for interference with public duties from a Class B misdemeanor to a state jail felony; SB 1030, removing the maintenance, repair, and overhaul tax for general aviation; SB 505, creating processes to address election irregularities; SB 2411, updating the Business Organizations Code and changing filing-method requirements; and SB 1333, addressing unauthorized entry, occupancy, sale, rental, lease, or conveyance of real property. Most measures advanced on voice vote or recorded roll call after motions to suspend the regular order and the constitutional three-day rule, with several members raising questions or objections, especially on the criminal justice, abortion, and public duties bills.

Transcript Highlights:

• </c> okay again on behalf of the democratic okay again on behalf of the democratic party<00:32:19.559
• Up next, we have Bronson Silva, Democratic Party of Hawaiʻi, can support.
• Beatric Deo, Democratic Party of Hawaiʻi Education Caucus, comments.
• Beatric Deo, Democratic Party of Hawaiʻi Education Caucus, comments.
• Beatric Deo, Democratic Party of Hawaiʻi Education Caucus, comments.

Keywords: 912, senate, all

Summary: The joint committees on Labor and Technology, Transportation, and Culture and the Arts heard testimony on Senate Bill 396 and Senate Bill 47, then later the Labor and Technology committee took up Senate Bill 136 and Senate Bill 1523. SB 396 drew support from the Metropolitan Planning Organization and others, with a question raised about implementation costs; the director said costs would depend on the scope of the benefit package and the transportation mode involved. The committees recommended passing SB 396 with technical amendments and added appropriation language with a blank amount, and the motion was adopted by recorded votes in both committees. SB 47, which would designate the Lunar New Year as a state holiday, received support from the Office of Collective Bargaining and several individuals, including Charlene Chun, who spoke about family traditions and cultural recognition. Members asked about the cost and whether the day would be a paid day off for state employees; the response was that observance would be subject to collective bargaining. The committees moved SB 47 forward with amendments, noting the collective bargaining and cost issues, and adopted the recommendation by vote. In the Labor and Technology committee, SB 136 on the Iron Workers Stabilization Fund drew strong support from iron workers and related supporters, who argued the bill was about safety, training, and keeping dismantling work within the ironworkers’ trade. Several other unions, including operating engineers, carpenters, laborers, and plumbers and fitters, opposed the bill as too broad and potentially infringing on their jurisdiction. The measure was not decided in the portion provided, but members discussed possible amendments and jurisdictional concerns. SB 1523, which would expand private-sector collective bargaining rights under the Hawaii Employment Relations Act to include independent contractors and others under NLRB jurisdiction, received broad labor support, including from IATSE, AFL-CIO, Hawaii Nurses Association, Unite Here Local 5, and many individual testifiers. Supporters framed it as protecting workers’ rights and strengthening labor protections, while the Hawaii Labor Relations Board warned it could significantly increase workload and require more staffing, space, and operating resources; the board estimated the bill could expand its caseload substantially and suggested an appropriation would likely be needed. The committee then moved on to the next measure, SB 1440, before the transcript ended.

Transcript Highlights:

• the rule of law, principles originating in ancient Hellenic civilization that continue to shape democratic
• And whereas Greece's commitment to democratic values, NATO partnerships, and regional dialogue make it
• culture, language, and traditions, and to reaffirm the enduring bonds of friendship and shared democratic

Summary: The House opened with prayer, the Pledge of Allegiance, approval of the prior journal, and recognition of the doctor of the day. Members also offered personal privilege remarks, including a thank-you for care packages sent to deployed National Guard troops, an introduction of Mom’s Demand Action guests, and a proclamation honoring the 205th anniversary of Greek Independence Day. The Speaker announced several committee assignments and bill referrals, including the withdrawal and reassignment of SB 1050 and SB 1519, and the House then moved into Committee of the Whole. In Committee of the Whole, the House considered and approved three Senate bills. SB 1125 received a do pass recommendation; discussion noted it was part of a broader set of child welfare-related measures stemming from hearings and the Emily Pike case, with emphasis on communication gaps between tribes and DCS, and DCS’s support for the bill. SB 1193 was amended on the floor to include paramedics along with EMTs, with supporters saying the bill protects private information held by DHS vendors. SB 1448 was also amended and passed; it adds utility, telecommunications, and video service workers to the aggravated assault statute when they are engaged in official work duties, and members debated whether the protection was necessary or overly broad, with supporters stressing on-duty protection and opponents questioning the need for a special classification. After the Committee of the Whole rose, the House adopted its report and referred the three bills to engrossing. The chamber then took up third-reading votes on SB 1023, relating to optometrists, which passed 43-10, and SB 1211, relating to sentencing, which passed 53-0. The House also heard announcements about upcoming committee meetings and a proclamation naming April 26 through May 2, 2026, as Arizona Water Professionals Week. The House adjourned until 1:15 p.m. on Wednesday, March 25, 2026.

Transcript Highlights:

• In 1993, he became a member of the Arizona House of Representatives, where he served in Democratic leadership
• The Democrats will caucus at 9:15 in caucus room 2.
• The Democrats will caucus at 9:15 in caucus room 2 upon adjournment of Rules on Monday.

Keywords: 1182, all

Transcript Highlights:

• We will, the Democrats will caucus immediately.
• The Democrats will caucus immediately. The member from the 20th District, Representative Abbarno.
• The Democrats will caucus immediately.

Bills: HB1160 , HB1289 , HB1339 , HB1798 , HB1065 , HB1795 , HB2107 , HB2113 , HB2124 , HB2125 , HB2133 , HB2134 , HB2140 , HB2185 , HB2191 , HB2205 , HB2211 , HB2219 , HB2245 , HB2253 , HB2283 , HB2343 , HB2406 , HB2501 , HB2531 , HB2574 , HB1170 , HB1544 , HB1834 , HB2156 , HB2188 , HB2206 , HB2360 , HB2471 , HB2478 , HB2525 , HB2605 , HJM4012 , HB1104 , HB1152 , HB1254 , HB1443 , HB1710 , HB1750 , HB1903 , HB1941 , HB1974 , HB1982 , HB1983 , HB2006 , HB2034 , HB2105 , HB2179 , HB2203 , HB2215 , HB2223 , HB2239 , HB2247 , HB2297 , HB2303 , HB2322 , HB2329 , HB2334 , HB2338 , HB2345 , HB2348 , HB2350 , HB2353 , HB2355 , HB2363 , HB2367 , HB2379 , HB2388 , HB2399 , HB2418 , HB2420 , HB2428 , HB2441 , HB2462 , HB2464 , HB2467 , HB2495 , HB2505 , HB2534 , HB2539 , HB2544 , HB2551 , HB2554 , HB2557 , HB2575 , HB2577 , HB2588 , HB2594 , HB2604 , HB2636 , HB2714

Keywords: design review, local government, land use, zoning, project permits, housing density, middle housing, affordable housing, parking minimums, single-family zoning, infill development, growth management, comprehensive plan, permit streamlining, objective development regulations, architectural review, administrative review, transit-oriented development, accessory dwelling units, ADU

Summary: The House convened with a quorum, recited the Pledge of Allegiance, and heard a prayer before approving the previous day’s minutes and taking caucus breaks. Members were reminded that the three-minute rule for debate had begun and would remain in effect through House of Origin cutoff. The chamber then moved through second- and third-reading action on a series of bills, mostly on capital, consumer, labor, and professional licensure topics. Several bills were advanced and passed with broad or unanimous support. House Bill 2338 would expand low-income weatherization work to community-scale and multifamily projects; House Bill 2353 raises the threshold for requiring pre-design on public projects; Substitute House Bill 2363 allows music therapy students to practice under supervision while exam scores are pending; Substitute House Bill 2525 creates a Heritage Orchard Program to preserve rare apple varieties; Substitute House Bill 2420 increases small works roster thresholds; Substitute House Bill 2428 prevents unintended lapses in life insurance by allowing a third-party designee to help maintain coverage; House Bill 2604 allows electronic signatures for transferring a vehicle to an insurer; and Substitute House Bill 2107 makes permanent a requirement that L&I provide written notice to employers/contractors when hazards are identified. Each of these bills passed by large margins, generally 94 yeas and no nays, except HB 2338, which passed 93-1. The House also adopted Amendment 1517 to Engrossed Substitute House Bill 2247, a striker that revised the veterinary client-patient relationship bill to require annual veterinarian visits for certain animal production, commercial, and breeding operations and to align the measure with federal law. Supporters said it would allow veterinarians to use telehealth between physical exam visits and improve access for rural and agricultural communities. After the amendment, the bill passed 94-0. The session ended with more caucus announcements and the House at ease.

Transcript Highlights:

• again with intention—their intention is to vote—but they failed to mark Republican, independent, Democrat
• many people don't realize that they should select a choice, whether be Republican, Libertarian, Democrat
• I want to make sure that that potential Libertarian, Democrat, whatever.

Bills: HB2938 , HB2939 , HB3306 , HB3722 , HB4113 , HB4123

Committee: House Elections and Ethics

Keywords: elections, national elections, state elections, voter intent, election reform, absentee voting, electronic communication, facsimile device, voting materials, military voters, campaign finance, ethics, political contributions, candidate committee, Oklahoma legislation, voter registration, political party affiliation, Independent designation, Oklahoma, voter eligibility

Summary: The Ethics and Elections Committee heard several election-related bills. HB 2938, as amended by PCS, would restrict certain overseas voters who are not military or dependents from voting in Oklahoma state and local elections unless they were bona fide residents with an intent to return, while still preserving federal voting rights where applicable. The Secretary of the State Election Board explained the measure as a tightening of existing law and said counties would flag affected voters for federal-only absentee ballots. After questions about how intent would be determined and how ballots would be administered, the committee passed the bill 5-1. HB 2939 would remove outdated references to fax machines from election law at the request of the State Election Board. Testimony noted fax returns are now rare, limited to a very small number of military and overseas voters, and are less secure than current electronic and mail options. The committee passed the bill 6-0. HB 3306, as amended, lowers the threshold for requiring a candidate committee filing from $1,000 to $400, with the author describing it as a transparency measure to ensure more candidates disclose fundraising and spending. The committee passed that bill 6-0. The committee also passed HB 3722, with a PCS clarifying that voter registration applicants must actively choose a party affiliation rather than being defaulted to unaffiliated if they leave the field blank. The bill passed 5-1. HB 413, with an amendment, clarified that people with felony convictions regain voting rights once all incarceration, parole, supervision, probation, and related obligations, including fines and fees, are completed; the committee passed it 6-0. Finally, HB 4123, which would bar former school employees terminated for cause from running for school board in the same district, drew concerns about fairness and the breadth of “for cause.” The author said the bill was aimed at serious misconduct cases and agreed to work on clarifying language, and the bill was laid over until the next week.

Transcript Highlights:

• thank the CAs from both parties: Marissa Mantefel for the Republican side Anna Bordardeen on the Democrat
• For the Republicans, Aaron Bursey, and for the Democrats, Zach Meinert.
• Ways and Means will be meeting 15 minutes after recess, and Democrats we will be Caucusing in our caucus

Transcript Highlights:

• IN PARTICULAR THIS BILL SPREADS THE DEMOCRATIC PROCESS WHEN IT COMES TO THE HIGHER EDUCATION LEVEL DEMOCRATIC
• STUDENTS LOVE TO SEE I WOULD JUST LIKE THE COMMITTEE TO CONSIDER THAT OVERALL WE WOULD LOVE MORE DEMOCRATIC

Keywords: 999, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• But all of his fellow Texans, young and old, rich and poor, Republican and Democrat, owe Nathan Hecht
• deliver equal justice under the law for every Texan, young and old, rich and poor, Republican and Democrat
• Young and old, rich and poor, Republican and Democrat.

Summary: The House and Senate met in joint session under HCR 5 to hear an address from Texas Supreme Court Chief Justice Jimmy Blacklock, with Lieutenant Governor Dan Patrick introducing him. The session included recognition of the justices, judges, law enforcement officers, and interpreters present, and it also marked the formal completion of the joint session once the address ended. Chief Justice Blacklock said the state of the judiciary is strong, while paying tribute to former Chief Justice Nathan Hecht and thanking Governor Abbott for his appointment. His remarks focused on judicial administration and public safety, including a call for a 30% increase in district judge salaries, which he argued is needed to attract and retain qualified judges. He also urged support for law enforcement, backed efforts to keep violent offenders in custody pending trial, and said the court is gathering data to identify underperforming judges and use constitutional remedies where necessary. Blacklock emphasized that Texas courts should interpret statutes and the constitution according to text and original meaning, rejecting the “living constitution” approach. He highlighted reforms to improve efficiency and reduce litigation costs, including changes to docketing practices, civil procedure, and the regulation of legal services, and he urged the State Bar to remain politically neutral. He also discussed family law and child welfare, arguing for stronger legal representation for parents and suggesting repeal of Family Code subsection O, which he said can unfairly lead to termination of parental rights. The joint session concluded after his remarks, and the House stood at ease as guests departed.

Transcript Highlights:

• The integrity of the democratic system.
• under the democratic elections under the constitution. constitution. constitution.
• Let me just read off the Democrat-run cities that did defund the police.
• And here's the game the Democrats won.
• Democrat-run cities all over the country were doing so.

Keywords: U.S. House of Representatives Floor Proceedings on Tuesday, May 13, 2025, 1012, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Democrats are passionate about this.
• Democrats are passionate about this.
• Democrats are passionate about this.
• Democrats are passionate about this.
• Democrats are passionate about this.

Committee: Senate State and Local Government

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Democrats should look to mid Michigan, Democrats should look to mid Michigan, where<00:14:20.959><c>
• </c><02:57:04.000><c> This</c> two Democratic commissioners. This two Democratic commissioners.
• Speaker, I yield four minutes now to the Democratic sponsor of the bill.
• now to the Democratic sponsor of the<03:38:01.920><c> bill.
• ><c> I</c><07:46:12.638><c> in</c> My Democratic colleagues and I in My Democratic colleagues and I in

Keywords: U.S. House of Representatives Floor Proceedings on Monday, April 28, 2025, 1012, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• We have the Democratic Party of Hawaii Education Caucus providing testimony and support.
• </c><01:32:59.920><c> party</c> with comments we have Democratic party with comments we have Democratic
• Rights and responsibilities as members of a democratic society.
• Environmental Caucus of the Democratic Party of Hawaiʻi offering testimony and support.
• </c><02:00:39.800><c> party</c> testimony next we have Democratic party testimony next we have Democratic

Keywords: 910, house, all

Summary: The committee heard testimony on HB 627, which concerns Department of Education school safety funding and staffing. DOE said the bill would restore two positions and related funding that had been removed from the governor’s budget: a targeted violence prevention and threat assessment program manager and a security technology manager. DOE described ongoing work on school vulnerability assessments, fire suppression measures, security camera research, panic buttons, and active shooter prevention training. Testifiers from DOE, the Department of Law Enforcement, fire services, HSTA, and an individual witness all supported the bill, with the individual citing a past school shooting experience as a reason to increase school resource officers and safety measures. Members asked about the positions’ duties, how the request differed from existing security funding, and the status of active shooter training; DOE said it would provide more information on training statistics. The committee then took up HB 249, relating to Executive Office on Early Learning family child interaction learning programs. The Early Learning Board, EOEL, Commit to Kids, Early Childhood Action Strategies, Partners in Development Foundation, and others testified in support. EOEL said it currently spends about $800,000 annually on FCI program contracts and supports expanding state funding for FCIL programs, including infant and early childhood mental health, if the appropriation covers the broader scope. Testifiers emphasized that FCIL programs are trauma-informed, evidence-based, and help families and children, with one provider sharing a long-term example of a parent and child benefiting from the program. Members asked how many programs are supported, whether FCIL exists on all islands, and whether the request was in the governor’s budget; EOEL said the expansion was requested by the office but not included in the governor’s budget. HB 429, concerning pre-K expansion, drew broad support from the Lieutenant Governor, EOEL, HSTA, and community groups. Supporters said the Ready Keiki initiative has already opened more than 50 classrooms and would add another 50 over the next two years, including Hawaiian immersion classrooms. EOEL said it currently administers 72 public pre-K classrooms across 74 campuses and that the bill’s funding was included in the governor’s budget request. Testimony stressed kindergarten readiness, affordability for working families, equity across islands, and inclusion classrooms. Members asked about national quality benchmarks, with EOEL stating Hawaii meets 10 of 10 benchmarks and that only five states had done so at the time referenced. The Lieutenant Governor also described construction and delivery efforts, including refurbishing existing classrooms, modular options, possible use of state buildings, and even collaboration with libraries to expand child care access. Finally, the committee heard HB 439 on J-1 teacher licensure. DOE supported the bill, while the Hawaii Teacher Standards Board opposed it, arguing licensure standards are not place-based and should remain rigorous and uniform for all educators. The Attorney General’s office offered technical comments, including replacing “educators” with “teacher” and clarifying the bill’s language on issuance and renewal conditions. Several organizations and individuals testified in support, including school, cultural, business, and educator groups. One witness, a teacher from the Philippines, said J-1 educators are highly qualified and described the rigor of teacher preparation in the Philippines. No votes were taken in the portion of the meeting provided.