Video & Transcript Research : 'teaching standards'
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LA
Transcript Highlights:
- To teach these programs.
- He has a daughter-in-law that teaches at East Ascension.
- She said, I want to teach these kids. I talked to her this morning.
- They gave that lady an opportunity to teach.
- Will this organization have their hands on content standards, curriculum standards, those types of things
Summary:
The House Education Committee met on March 18, 2026, with 11 members present and adopted prior meeting minutes without objection. The committee first heard HB 649 by Rep. Brass, which would create a statewide common application portal for dual enrollment. Supporters from the Pelican Institute and the Board of Regents said the bill would simplify enrollment, reduce paperwork for counselors and families, and improve awareness of dual enrollment options. Members asked about nonparticipation by institutions and access for nontraditional students; the bill was reported favorably without objection.
The committee then took up HB 807 by Rep. Brass, which would establish the Workforce Instructor Capacity Investment Program within LCTCS to help recruit and retain instructors for high-demand workforce programs. Testimony from River Parishes Community College, Dow, and the Louisiana Chemical Association described instructor shortages as a bottleneck for training workers for major industrial projects, and said employer-sharing models and apprenticeships have been successful. An amendment expanded eligibility to include LSU Eunice and Southern University at Shreveport, and the committee adopted the amendments. After debate about whether the state needed a new fund versus using existing systems, the bill was reported favorably by a 13-1 roll call vote.
Next, the committee heard HB 285 by Chairman Bacala, which authorizes school boards to cooperate with banks and credit unions to operate branches in high schools as part of financial literacy programs. Bacala said the bill clarifies statutory authority, and an amendment added banks to the original credit union language. Members discussed ethics, exclusivity, student access, and whether the branches could market products; supporters from LABI and financial industry groups said the programs improve hands-on financial education. The bill was reported with amendments without objection.
The committee also considered HB 28 by Rep. Owen, which adds a BESE-level appeal for certain teacher certification applicants affected by administrative or contractor errors. Owen described a case in which applicants paid for certification programs but were denied because of a mentor-signature issue, and said the amendment would require BESE or its designee to act within 30 days. Department of Education staff said the Teacher Certification Appeals Council had already granted extensions rather than outright denials in the affected cases, but the committee advanced the bill after a 9-4 roll call vote. Finally, the committee began HB 268 by Rep. Carver, which would strengthen career exposure requirements for students by tying activities more closely to high-wage, high-demand jobs and adding an annual exposure requirement in K-5; testimony emphasized early workforce awareness, and discussion focused on keeping the requirements manageable for schools.
AZ
Transcript Highlights:
- said they do have many state standards.
- said they do have many state standards.
- We have too many standards, and I think she would say we're overtesting the kids on those standards.
- We have too many standards, and I think she would say we're overtesting the kids on those standards.
- We have too many standards, and I think she would say we're overtesting the kids on those standards.
Keywords:
corrections oversight, appropriation, independent office, public safety, funding, firefighters, insurance rates, workers' compensation, firefighter cancer reimbursement, rate deviations, cost analysis, premiums, border security, drug trafficking, human smuggling, law enforcement funding, Arizona, immigration, education reform, K-12
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- Looking at the professional standards um and the requiring an annual standardized and evidence-based
- </c><00:48:37.359><c> standardized</c><00:48:37.920><c> and</c> requiring an annual standardized and
- </c><00:54:22.960><c> Um,</c> actually teach students. Um, actually teach students.
- </c> uh, I think really harmful teaching uh, I think really harmful teaching practices.<01:35:37.040>
- </c> teachers that don't meet these standards teachers that don't meet these standards and<01:36:32.560
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- We're trying to teach our teachers to do that and we're trying to teach our kids to be able to do the
- So I teach bilingual.
- After teaching for a year, she left our country to go teach in another country where parents have of
- As hard as it is to teach a child to read and write, it is exponentially harder to try to teach them
- We teach, I mean spelling, we teach spelling. Every Friday we have spelling.
Bills:
HB6, HB27, HB 123, HB210, HB213, HB222, HB610, HB 1085, HB1481, HB6, HB27, HB123, HB210, HB213, HB222
Keywords:
mental health, telehealth, public schools, discipline management, behavioral interventions, financial literacy, high school education, curriculum requirements, economics, personal finance, HB 123, kindergarten readiness, early literacy, early numeracy, reading screening, math screening, foundational literacy, foundational numeracy, dyslexia screening, reading intervention
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- </c><00:08:11.639><c> for</c> upcoming state and local standards for upcoming state and local standards
- </c><00:46:18.880><c> established</c> 6 because the standards established 6 because the standards established
- </c><00:59:15.799><c> so</c> instruction is explicit teaching so instruction is explicit teaching so
- </c> read to learn and so if we don't teach read to learn and so if we don't teach kids<01:10:25.320>
- </c><01:19:04.480><c> of</c> program would not meet the standards of program would not meet the standards
CA
Transcript Highlights:
- position letter portal on the Assembly Education Committee website and before we begin I have a standard
- I teach at San Francisco State and I strongly oppose this bill. Good morning. I am Fozia.
- At that time and they suggested that we then turn to a bill that is focused on standards.
- The factually accurate standard is already in the Ed Code. So that is not something that's new.
- Teaching which is not materials specific. But you mentioned the impact on school funding.
NH
Transcript Highlights:
- </c><00:12:37.320><c> um</c> various things uh in the standards um various things uh in the standards
- </c><00:13:11.399><c> if</c> committee um that U those standards if committee um that U those standards
- </c> health standards health standards it<00:17:01.160><c> um</c><00:17:01.600><c> has</c><00:17:01.839
- standards standards okay<00:17:51.360><c> the</c><00:17:51.520><c> back</c><00:17:51.720><c> might</
- standards standards with<00:20:29.200><c> this</c><00:20:30.039><c> paragraph</c><00:20:31.039><c> but
FL
Florida 2026 5th Special Session
FL House Floor Session - 2026-02-11 (4:00PM Session)
Florida House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- The bottom line is we already have the standard.
- on a national standard in, say, like, AP courses?
- And again, I keep saying, like, teaching children, teaching young adults, who are closer to being an
- It is a standard book.
- It is a standard book.
Summary:
The House convened with prayer, a moment of silence for former member Terry Fields and the Parkland victims, the Pledge of Allegiance, and routine organizational actions including approval of the journal and adoption of a special order report. The chamber then took up House Bill 1119, relating to materials harmful to minors, which the sponsor described as a measure to clarify and strengthen standards for removing obscene or pornographic content from public school classrooms and libraries while preserving educational uses and not targeting classical literature, LGBTQ content, or other protected viewpoints. Members questioned the bill’s use of terms such as “predominantly,” its relationship to existing local review processes, the impact on AP/IB and college-level materials, the applicability to voucher-funded schools, and the risk of additional First Amendment litigation and costs. The sponsor responded that the bill was needed because current standards were being bypassed and that the legislation was aimed at material harmful to minors, not general literary value.
The House considered numerous amendments, most of which were defeated. Amendments offered by Representatives Gant, Aristide, Bartleman, Eskamani, Nixon, Rainer, Woodson, and Harris sought, among other things, to preserve parental choice during review periods, restore a whole-work constitutional standard, limit repeated objections, protect educational and abuse-prevention materials, prevent LGBTQ-inclusive books from being labeled harmful solely on that basis, shield school districts from funding penalties, and delay enforcement in districts already under litigation. Supporters of the amendments argued that the bill would encourage censorship, remove books with clear literary or educational value, burden districts with costs and lawsuits, and harm students who rely on school libraries for access to reading material and representation. Opponents of the amendments argued the bill was necessary to protect minors from explicit content and that the proposed changes would weaken that protection. All of the amendments described in the transcript failed.
After the amendment process, the House waived rules, read HB 1119 a third time by title, and entered structured debate on final passage. In closing debate, opponents repeated concerns about constitutional vulnerability, overbroad book removals, and the educational harm of limiting access to literature, while supporters framed the bill as a child-protection measure and a clarification of existing law. The transcript ends during the structured debate on final passage, before the final vote on the bill is shown.
WY
Wyoming 2026 Regular Session
Select Committee on Tribal Relations, June 15, 2026 - AM
Select Committee on Tribal Relations
Transcript Highlights:
- Those standards are now up for review. The standards are now up for review.
- Um, these guys have standards saying this is what you should teach, but they don't have the method of
- </c> what shall we teach? what shall we teach?
- you roll those standards out." of those standards will address Indian of those standards will address
- </c> How do we teach this better? How do we teach this better?
AR
Transcript Highlights:
- So we're all consistent now with the federal standard.
- If it's a curriculum to teach agriculture, to teach about the biology or environmental science, that's
- The point of homeschooling is for the parent to teach their child.
- But it does not say that they have to be qualified to teach their children.
- Subpart 3 addresses operational and installation standards.
Summary:
The Administrative Rules Subcommittee reviewed a long agenda of agency rules, with most items approved without objection after brief presentations and no public comment. Early items included Department of Energy and Environment rules on landfill post-closure trust fund spending thresholds and liquefied petroleum gas standards, DFA’s electronic odometer disclosure rule, and several Department of Health rules covering ionizing radiation, mobile home and RV parks, lead-based paint, counseling board revisions, hearing instrument dispensers, athletic training, dental examiners, nursing, pharmacy, medical board, speech-language pathology and audiology, radiologic technology, massage therapy, community health workers, doula certification, and cosmetology/body art. Most of these changes were described as updates to match recent acts, federal standards, compact participation, fee adjustments, or cleanup/clarification, and the committee repeatedly approved them without objection.
A substantial portion of the meeting focused on the Arkansas State Board of Nursing’s broad set of rule changes implementing multiple 2025 acts. Those changes included creating a dialysis patient care technician registry, updating contact information requirements, expanding APRN authority to delegate certain tasks, clarifying death certificate and pronouncement authority, allowing substitution of therapeutically equivalent medications, permitting purchase of compounded products, and updating certified medication assistant rules and training standards. Members asked detailed questions about the meaning of therapeutically equivalent substitutions, delegation limits, compounded products, and how often medication lists would be updated; the board said it would review rules annually and use future rulemaking as needed. The committee also approved new nursing rules for declaratory orders and the new dialysis registry.
The Department of Education’s rules drew the most discussion, especially the Arkansas Children’s Educational Freedom Account Program. The department said the revisions, based on Act 920 of 2025, were intended to add guardrails, clarify eligible expenses, and streamline approvals. Changes included defining core educational expenses, limiting sports-related spending, adding an intentional misuse standard, restricting certain technology purchases and requiring extra justification over $1,000, capping carryover funds at $8,500, and creating a reconsideration process for denied expenses. Members raised concerns about oversight, appeal timelines, sports equipment, provider credentialing, and whether the rules were too restrictive; department officials said the rules were meant to protect taxpayer funds while preserving flexibility, and they noted the program had received extensive public comment. The committee also approved Education rules for scholarships, residency classification, teacher programs, accelerated learning, and graduate medical education, as well as Labor and Licensing rules on wage and hour standards, boiler rules, motor vehicle commission requirements, professional wrestling regulation, appraiser qualifications, and military recruiting incentives.
TX
Texas 89th 2nd C.S.
Licensing & Administrative Procedures May 6th, 2025
Licensing & Administrative Procedures
Transcript Highlights:
- We're talking about a school that teaches babies how to swim.
- The need for basic safety standards in a relatively new industry.
- The Industry standard is it still kind of 4, or is that just what you guys go by?
- So learn to swim from my impression, the standard is, is typically 4.
- They have more regulations in these schools that are teaching our babies how to swim.
Bills:
SB 28
Keywords:
groundwater, groundwater conservation district, Water Code, Water Development Board, modeled available groundwater, aquifer, water permit, groundwater transfer, export groundwater, out-of-district transfer, management area, desired future conditions, well permit, retail public utility, potable water, emergency interconnect, subsidiary, controlled entity, aquifer management, water resources
WA
Washington 2025-2026 Regular Session
Senate Early Learning & K-12 Education Jan 21st, 2026
Transcript Highlights:
- The proposed substitute labeled A, offered by Senator Wellman, removes the development of a standardized
- Teaching reading.
- Standardized accurate school maps are a foundational safety tool and it is essential that we get them
- These standards reflect how incidents are actually managed in the field.
- The first is that the standards in this bill have been vetted and adopted over the last five years in
Summary:
The committee first heard Senate Bill 5992, which would create a non-appropriated Youth Development Fund account to support grants for positive youth development programs serving ages 5 to 24. Staff explained that OSPI would administer grants to nonprofits, tribes, and local parks and recreation entities, with school districts and ESDs eligible mainly as partners; annual reporting would be required. The sponsor and many testifiers, including students, youth-serving nonprofits, tribal representatives, and agency partners, described after-school, mentoring, arts, sports, outdoor, and wraparound programs as important for mental health, belonging, safety, civic engagement, and prevention, especially for vulnerable and rural youth. The committee then moved to executive session and adopted a substitute and passed SB 5992 to the Rules Committee.
The committee also took executive action on Senate Bill 5952, which would standardize the process for excusing high school students from physical education, and on Senate Bill 5961, which would transfer the Imagination Library of Washington from DCYF to OSPI. In both cases, the committee adopted proposed substitutes that narrowed or adjusted the bills, then voted them out of committee: SB 5952 was sent to Rules, and SB 5961 was sent to Ways and Means. The committee also heard Senate Bill 5969 on allowing an IEP transition plan to satisfy high school and beyond plan requirements; after discussion, a substitute was adopted that instead directs OSPI to reduce duplication in the statewide IEP system, and the bill was passed to Ways and Means.
Later, the committee heard Senate Bill 5918, which would increase materials, supplies, and operating costs (MSOC) funding by $100 per student or $100,000 per district, whichever is greater, starting in the 2026-27 school year. Testimony from educators, administrators, school board members, PTA, and OSPI emphasized that districts are using local levy dollars to cover basic operating costs such as utilities, insurance, curriculum, and maintenance, leaving less for enrichment and forcing cuts or deferred purchases. One opponent argued against additional taxes and questioned the return on school spending. The sponsor framed the bill as necessary to meet the state’s paramount duty to fund basic education. The transcript then shifted to Senate Bill 5951 on school access to albuterol, which would allow schools to keep stock albuterol under a statewide standing order and let trained staff administer it under certain conditions; students, nurses, and advocates testified that stock albuterol could reduce absences and improve safety for students with asthma. Finally, the committee began hearing Senate Bill 6042 on school mapping, which would require school safety plans to include accurate, interoperable digital maps for first responders; the sponsor and emergency response witnesses said standardized maps are critical for coordinated, timely response in school emergencies.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- It adds language that ensures maintenance standards can be enforced.
- or teach students on reproductive health as to what the removal of this accept or affirmative defense
- subjective based on community standards.
- sex education, and you're teaching. kids to be safe and you're teaching you know anatomy I don't I don't
- and really more global. standards.
Bills:
HB14, HB 106, HB146, HB267, HB274, HB 1127, HB1359, HB1393, HB1584, HB1640, HB1710, HB2152, HCR101, HJR8, HR51
Keywords:
nuclear energy, advanced reactors, energy security, grant programs, Texas Advanced Nuclear Energy Office, HB 106, oil and gas, Railroad Commission of Texas, overhead electrical lines, electrical distribution system, power line maintenance, administrative penalty, Natural Resources Code, oil and gas lease, well operator, energy safety, utility infrastructure, regulatory compliance, cleanup fund, oil and gas regulation and cleanup fund
FL
Florida 2026 Regular Session
Appropriations Committee on Pre-K - 12 Education Apr 10th, 2025
Appropriations Committee on Pre-K - 12 Education
Transcript Highlights:
- Once these standards are in place, the DOE will start working on a revised Florida teacher excellence
- To teach these truths is to not distort history. It is to illuminate it.
- I'm here to express our strong support for SB 1702, especially the provision calling for a standardized
- I'm here to express our strong support for SB 1702, especially the provision calling for a standardized
- It standardizes training for school staff.
Summary:
The Appropriations Committee on Pre-K-12 Education met and considered a wide range of education-related bills, with most measures receiving favorable reports. Early in the meeting, the committee approved CS/SB 754 on International Baccalaureate bonus funding, CS/SB 1122 on Florida Virtual School updates, and CS/SB 430 requiring public schools to adopt cardiac emergency response plans, train students and staff in CPR/AED use, and maintain accessible AEDs. Testimony on the cardiac bill came from the American Heart Association and the Florida chapter of the American College of Cardiology in support, and the chair noted a survey suggesting many districts already have AEDs in schools. The committee also approved CS/SB 1528 on educational opportunities for military children, which expands coordination and training under the interstate compact, and CS/SB 364, which would move the Council on the Social Status of Black Men and Boys from the Department of Legal Affairs to Florida Memorial University for research and administrative support.
The committee then adopted amendments and favorably reported CS/SB 1590 on educator preparation, which modernizes teacher standards and certification pathways, including updates to FEAPs, a revised teacher exam, and an alternative certification program. The SPLC testified in opposition to part of the bill, arguing that language on historical instruction and systemic racism was contradictory and could limit accurate teaching of history. The committee also approved CS/SB 1702 on education, incorporating a wireless-device-in-schools pilot and other education provisions, with support from the Florida Charter School Alliance and others. CS/SB 444 on human trafficking awareness was amended to require no-cost training for school employees and charter schools; FSU law students testified in support, emphasizing the need for school personnel to recognize trafficking indicators. The committee also approved CS/SB 650 on hazardous walking conditions, expanding transportation eligibility for students walking near limited-access facilities, though members noted the bill carried an indeterminate fiscal impact and no dedicated funding.
Later, the committee favorably reported CS/SB 1102 on school readiness, which expands how disabilities can be identified for early learning services and ties additional funding to training on early identification of delays. It also approved SB 1382 on access to school readiness programs for economically disadvantaged households, revising eligibility and priority tiers to use state median income rather than federal poverty level and refining the waitlist and forecasting process. Several members recorded votes on bills they had missed during the meeting, and the committee adjourned after reporting all of the above measures favorably.
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- Section five removes a reference to outdated standards in favor of the current standards, and it also
- It not only requires teaching experience, but several years of teaching experience in the arena you want
- There are well over 100 standards.
- You must have the art of teaching down, so thank you for that.
- </c><01:06:27.160><c> going</c> nearby and have it be the standard going nearby and have it be the standard
MA
Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session
Status of Persons with Disabilities Jun 21st, 2026 at 12:00 pm
Transcript Highlights:
- But we partnered with Division of Apprenticeship Standards.
- But we partnered with Division of Apprenticeship Standards.
- We help them with that in addition to the Division of Apprenticeship Standards.
- They do their teaching hospitals.
- With Division of Apprenticeship Standards.
Summary:
The Workforce Support Subcommittee met to discuss using registered apprenticeships to help address workforce shortages in disability services, human services, and other high-need fields. Co-chairs and staff introduced the session as a follow-up to earlier discussions with state labor officials and representatives from developmental disability and behavioral health provider associations. The panel focused on how apprenticeships can create paid, structured pathways into jobs while also supporting credentialing and retention.
Amara Ramon of the Division of Apprenticeship Standards explained how Massachusetts apprenticeship programs are registered and supported, including the roles of apprenticeship liaison staff, operations, quality assurance, and grant support. She described the core features of apprenticeships—paid on-the-job training, related technical instruction, wage progression, and industry credentials—and contrasted them with internships or co-ops. Melissa Chabelli of the MassHire Hampden County Workforce Board described the intermediary role her board plays in designing programs, registering apprentices, coordinating employers, and handling compliance. She emphasized flexibility, employer investment, tax credits, retention benefits, and the importance of mentors and local workforce partnerships.
Lisa Morris of UMass Chan/For Health Consulting described a developing apprenticeship for medical interpreters, built from an existing training foundation and designed to address the gap between classroom preparation and work experience. She said the model would combine pre-apprenticeship training, employer interviews, 2,000 hours of apprenticeship, and related technical instruction tied to national certification. Speakers also discussed examples for nursing, early childhood education, CNC machining, and programs serving neurodivergent learners, including Bridgewater State’s Excel program. In response to audience questions, panelists said state agencies can serve as intermediaries, recruitment can come through career centers, youth programs, community colleges, ESL centers, and incumbent workers, and accommodations or modified curricula can support apprentices with disabilities. No votes were taken; the session ended with encouragement for attendees to contact the presenters and Division of Apprenticeship Standards for help developing programs.
AZ
Transcript Highlights:
- NAU and now is teaching the exact same district.
- What better way than a better accountability system, standards that the teachers have to teach, tests
- Teachers who teach middle school math may be teaching advanced middle school math, but they're already
- Teachers who teach middle school math may be teaching advanced middle school math, but they're already
- My husband has spent his whole teaching career teaching in Title I schools, and just over his career
Summary:
The committee first heard House Bill 4043, which would require each school district and charter school, beginning in 2027, to ensure at least one employee at each school is trained in CPR, first aid, and AED use. The sponsor said he intended to amend the bill on the floor to ensure someone is trained at all times and to clarify AED language. The American Heart Association testified neutral with concerns, supporting CPR training but warning the bill could leave gaps if only one person is trained and noting the need for AED access and emergency planning. Parents whose son died in an Arizona kindergarten classroom urged support, saying school staff should be prepared to respond to emergencies. The committee recommended the bill do pass by a vote of 7-1 with four present.
The committee then took up House Concurrent Resolution 2015, as amended by a strike-everything amendment supporting at least 60 minutes of daily physical activity for students and prominent display of federal dietary guidelines. A representative of End Chronic Disease testified in favor, arguing schools should help prevent chronic disease through health education and physical activity. The committee adopted the strike-everything amendment and then gave the resolution a due pass recommendation on a 12-0 roll call.
House Bill 2621, in its strike-everything form and with a Garcia amendment, addressed enrollment and special education procedures for students in unorganized territory, students using certificates of educational convenience, and children of active-duty military parents. The sponsor explained the bill was meant to clarify confusing law, speed enrollment and evaluations, and reduce delays in services. Champions for Kids supported the measure and the amendments, and the committee adopted both amendments before recommending the bill do pass 11-0. The committee also approved House Bill 2385, which limits superintendent contracts to one-year terms for the first three years unless the superintendent has already been employed three consecutive years; the sponsor framed it as a way to reduce costly early buyouts. That bill passed 7-4.
Later, the committee approved House Bill 4106, creating the One Arizona Service Fellowship Program to provide service opportunities, stipends, and tuition awards for young adults, with an amendment changing the stipend contribution formula. The sponsor and supporters described it as a state-based service model inspired by Utah and aimed at education, military families, parks, hunger, and homelessness work; some members opposed it as an unnecessary state mandate or questioned the need for a new program. The committee also passed House Bill 2992, as amended, establishing a pilot program on child sexual abuse and assault awareness and prevention, expanded to K-12 and including grooming/exploitation content. A survivor advocate strongly supported the bill, while some members raised concerns about the funding source and possible unintended consequences. Finally, the committee passed House Bill 2370, which would require school leaders to notify governing boards before modifying weapons detection systems and to report changes within 24 hours; the sponsor cited a fatal school stabbing and other weapons incidents, while opponents argued the bill was too vague and could create operational problems. The committee also adopted a strike-everything amendment to House Bill 4056, allowing legislators making public records requests in their official capacity to avoid fees and requiring electronic production; the sponsor said it was needed after districts sought large fees, while opponents warned it could burden public agencies. The committee then began discussion of House Bill 2478, which would create an Arizona Commission on Student Outcomes to study K-12 accountability, finance, graduation requirements, and related issues, with proposed amendments to add early childhood study and change commission membership, but the transcript cuts off before final action on that bill.
MO
Missouri 2026 Regular Session
Elementary and Secondary Education Feb 25th, 2026
Elementary and Secondary Education
Transcript Highlights:
- We're asking that in the standards you're already teaching, whether it be in social studies or math or
- Fourteen of them were not certified in the area that they were teaching in.
- years but maybe could take early retirement and keep teaching.
- degree teaching high school physics or high school math.
- the classroom but eligible to retire stopped teaching in May and came back.
NM
New Mexico 2025 Regular Session
IC - Legislative Education Study Jun 25th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- They now have a license that says you're certified to teach.
- Pick out the smartest student in your class and you teach to that level.
- and you'll teach that day.
- structured literacy when they're teaching reading.
- that and they do teach those areas.
NH
Transcript Highlights:
- </c><00:32:47.400><c> test</c> to be able to take a standardized test to be able to take a standardized
- </c> licensed to teach in particular areas. licensed to teach in particular areas.
- </c> consistency with how we teach consistency with how we teach teachers<01:35:56.080><c> around</c>
- </c> teaching this stuff in the schools. teaching this stuff in the schools.
- </c> academic standards. academic standards.