Video & Transcript : 'childcare programs' :

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AZ

Arizona 2026 Regular Session

05/04/2026 - Senate Floor Session

Arizona Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • This program, by the way... The businesses are the driving force.
  • Food for needy Arizonans who need Sun Bucks programs.
  • But we're going to give that up, a small Rely on the Sun Bucks program.
  • We're reforming entitlement programs to get people who are ineligible off of those programs.
  • You have failure with the program.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
  • I pray that this program will serve both of these goals with excellence.
  • So I don't have a clue where an education-based program is going.
  • I'm just lost how an education program to already teach what the...
  • to create a mandatory training program for professionals.
  • In neonatal intensive care units, NICUs, outpatient clinics, and the wait program.
AL
Transcript Highlights:
  • There are no programs.
  • </c> FMAP in the Medicaid program. FMAP in the Medicaid program.
  • This is um a program that has program.
  • </c> mental illness program is 32%. mental illness program is 32%.
  • are on the program.
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Floor Session May 26th, 2026

California Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • I'm actually really surprised that we would be considering such a bill, even as a pilot program.
  • It also refocuses the program by considering improvements to health and safety and overall quality of
  • One of the bright spots, however, has been the Wildfire County Coordinator Program.
  • This bill will codify the County Wildfire Coordinator Program. ...two counties.
  • This bill will codify the county wildfire coordinator program.
Summary: The Senate convened with a quorum, approved prior journals, and moved through confirmations and floor items. Doreen DiAmico was confirmed to the State Water Resources Control Board by a 34-1 vote, Dr. Anne Maria de Mars was confirmed to the State Athletic Commission by 36-0, and Ronald Fiore was confirmed to the State Athletic Commission by 36-0. The body then took up SB 73 on election security, with supporters arguing it would protect ballot chain of custody and prevent intimidation or unauthorized access to voting materials, while opponents raised concerns about transparency, federal preemption, and the bill’s impact on investigations. SB 73 passed on concurrence and urgency with 29 ayes and 8 noes on both the urgency clause and the measure. The Senate also approved SB 929 on annual Energy Commission oversight (37-0), SB 1370 on wildfire-related testimony/oversight (28-5), SB 983 authorizing Port of San Diego job order contracting (28-8), SB 1367 restricting local approval of new or converted private detention facilities (28-8), SB 1257 requiring annual reporting on immigration enforcement incidents (28-8), and SB 1103 requiring large home improvement retailers to report immigration enforcement activity and related records (23-8). SB 1399, which removes the sunset on DOJ reviews of immigration detention facilities, passed 28-7, and SB 873, “ICE Out of Courts,” passed 28-7 to limit arrests near courthouses without a judicial warrant. Later, the Senate passed SB 1292 creating a pilot for camera- or sensor-based curb management with human review and privacy safeguards, despite opposition over privacy and automation concerns, by 28-7. SB 878 strengthened prompt-payment insurance penalties for delayed claims after disasters and passed 29-6. SB 958, a CEQA clarification related to housing and building height impacts, passed unanimously 37-0. SB 924 modernized low-income energy assistance services and passed 35-1. SB 1057 on certification for nurse assistants and home health aides passed, as did SB 1092 giving mobile home residents a chance to bid on park sales (29-7), SB 1123 requiring agencies to consider consumer and other benefits in rulemaking (26-8), SB 1233 increasing utility rate transparency (29-8), SB 1237 strengthening pay data reporting enforcement (28-6), SB 886 shifting data center infrastructure costs away from existing ratepayers (28-6), SB 905 reforming utility incentives and performance metrics (28-8), and SB 909 strengthening public works wage enforcement (28-7). The final item shown, SB 925 on fusion energy roadmap development, passed unanimously 37-0, while SB 954 on CEQA and advanced manufacturing drew extensive debate over environmental guardrails versus economic competitiveness; the transcript cuts off during closing remarks before the vote is shown.
MA

Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session

Joint Committee on State Administration and Regulatory Oversight Jun 21st, 2026 at 10:00 am

Joint Committee on State Administration and Regulatory Oversight

Transcript Highlights:
  • Even the Commonwealth's rebate program for electric medium- and heavy-duty trucks cannot offset the fact
  • I'm Kenzie Blackwell, founder and director of Free Period, which is a volunteer-led and staff program
  • Many elderly immigrants rely on state agencies and assistance programs, such as SNAP and MassHealth,
  • The first example is about online program managers, or OPMs for short.
  • Back in the mid-90s, Massachusetts signed on to the CARB state program.
Summary: The Joint Committee on State Administration and Regulatory Oversight heard testimony on several bills. Senator Mike Moore supported S. 2185, which would delay implementation of the heavy-duty omnibus/advanced clean truck requirements while requiring the Commonwealth to purchase or lease electric medium- and heavy-duty vehicles starting in 2025; he argued the delay is needed because infrastructure, grid capacity, vehicle availability, and costs are not yet ready. The committee also heard strong support for S. 2156/H. 3318, which would require free menstrual products in public buildings, with advocates and students describing period poverty and the need to treat menstrual products like other basic restroom supplies. Senator John Keenan testified for S. 2158, a bill to let municipal light plants protect proprietary and competitively sensitive information from public disclosure while keeping board meetings and minutes open, saying it would help level the playing field against larger competitors. A major portion of the hearing focused on S. 2125/H. 3384, the language access and inclusion bill. Testimony from the AAPI Commission, Mass Speaks coalition members, Mass Appleseed, MLRI, ATASK, MAPC, the Boston Bar Association, Mass Advocates for Children, and others described barriers faced by limited-English-proficient residents in accessing MassHealth, DCF, courts, domestic violence services, schools, and other state services. Witnesses cited untranslated documents, inadequate interpretation, delays, and the burden placed on bilingual staff and children; several also pointed to recent federal moves toward English-only policy as making state action more urgent. Committee members asked questions about implementation, interpreter availability, and the role of technology and remote participation, and the chair noted the bill had been reported favorably in a prior session and intended to be again. The committee also heard testimony on time-zone legislation. Dr. Karin Johnson, representing sleep medicine interests, supported H. 3405 for permanent standard time and opposed S. 2157 for permanent daylight saving time, arguing that standard time better aligns with circadian rhythms and health, while permanent daylight saving time would worsen morning darkness and sleep disruption. Members questioned the strength of the scientific evidence and discussed school start times, geography, and whether Massachusetts should align with neighboring states. No votes were taken during the hearing, and testimony continued on additional bills as the session progressed.
CA
Transcript Highlights:
  • Yet this program remains chronically underfunded.
  • I'm just here to say that these cuts are deplorable: the cuts to Medicaid, the cuts to the SNAP program
  • Nurses witnessed firsthand how public support programs like food, housing, and housing assistance, Medi-Cal
  • These cuts to federal public health care programs jeopardize California's access to these life-saving
  • Programs that patients truly lean on to survive. Thank you.
Summary: The joint informational hearing examined California’s taxation of multinational corporations, especially the Water’s Edge election versus worldwide combined reporting. Chairs opened by framing the issue as a review of whether current rules fairly and sufficiently tax foreign subsidiary income, given profit shifting concerns, budget pressures, and the long history since Water’s Edge was adopted in the 1980s. The first panel from the Legislative Analyst’s Office and Franchise Tax Board explained the mechanics of unitary taxation, apportionment, and the Water’s Edge election, and provided filing data showing Water’s Edge filers are a small share of returns but account for a large share of corporate tax liability. FTB witnesses said the agency already administers both methods and could handle a shift to mandatory worldwide reporting with education and outreach, though revenue estimates are difficult because foreign affiliate information is not directly available. Committee members asked about foreign government pushback, administrative burden, industries with more profit shifting, revenue uncertainty, and whether companies would leave California. LAO and FTB witnesses said pushback from foreign governments was plausible, but they did not expect major business flight because California’s tax is largely based on sales rather than physical presence. They also said worldwide reporting could reduce profit shifting but might increase revenue volatility and litigation risk. A second panel of academic and tax policy witnesses argued that Water’s Edge is a loophole that rewards aggressive tax planning, that worldwide combined reporting would better capture income tied to California, and that modern federal and international rules such as NCTI/GILTI, CAMT, and Pillar Two reduce compliance concerns and make a return to worldwide reporting more feasible. They also said California’s current system can create selection effects and may under-tax large multinationals. In the next panel, a California Budget and Policy Center witness urged eliminating the Water’s Edge election, calling it a costly loophole that benefits large global corporations over smaller domestic businesses and deprives the state of billions in revenue that could support health care and other services. A Silicon Valley Leadership Group witness gave historical context for why Water’s Edge was adopted and began outlining concerns about compliance, double taxation, and the risk of overreaching beyond income truly connected to California. No bill was voted on or advanced; the hearing was informational only, with members using the testimony to weigh the policy trade-offs and possible transition periods if the Legislature were to change the current rules.
CA
Transcript Highlights:
  • Yet this program remains chronically underfunded.
  • Yet this program remains chronically underfunded.
  • , and I'm just here to say that these cuts are deplorable, the cuts to Medicaid, the cuts to SNAP program
  • , and I'm just here to say that these cuts are deplorable, the cuts to Medicaid, the cuts to SNAP program
  • These cuts to federal public health care programs jeopardize California's access to these life-saving
CA
Transcript Highlights:
  • Yet this program remains chronically underfunded.
  • Yet this program remains chronically underfunded.
  • and I'm just here to say that these cuts are deplorable: the cuts to Medicaid, the cuts to the SNAP program
  • These cuts to federal public health care programs jeopardize California's access to these life-saving
  • Programs that patients truly lean on to survive. Thank you.
Summary: The joint informational hearing examined California’s taxation of multinational corporations, especially the state’s water’s-edge election versus worldwide combined reporting. The LAO and Franchise Tax Board explained the basic mechanics of unitary taxation, apportionment, and how water’s-edge generally excludes most foreign subsidiaries while worldwide reporting includes the full unitary group. FTB officials said water’s-edge filers are a small share of corporate filers but account for a large share of tax liability, and they described filing trends, industry mix, and the administrative steps needed to administer either system. Members and witnesses debated the policy trade-offs. Supporters of moving away from water’s-edge argued that it enables profit shifting, especially for large multinational and IP-heavy firms, and that eliminating it could raise significant revenue and improve fairness for smaller domestic businesses. They cited estimates of billions in potential revenue and said California already has the audit and reporting infrastructure to handle worldwide reporting, though some transition time would be needed. Opponents argued that worldwide reporting would tax foreign activity unrelated to California, create double taxation, increase compliance burdens and litigation, and could be difficult for foreign-based multinationals to document. They also warned that some of the revenue estimates are highly uncertain because foreign affiliate income is not directly observable. Committee members asked about foreign government pushback, the risk of companies leaving California, the effect on intellectual property shifting, and whether federal or Supreme Court action could block a change. Witnesses generally said major firms would be unlikely to leave because California taxes sales rather than physical presence, but some costs could be passed on to consumers. The panel also discussed alternatives such as conforming to federal international tax rules like NCTI/GILTI and adding anti-abuse rules. No vote or bill action was taken; the hearing was informational only.
FL

Florida 2025 Regular Session

House in Session Apr 3rd, 2025

Florida House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • We appreciate you, and we will always support programs for girls like this.
  • And wellness programs. Are there amendments? >> None on the desk, Mr. Speaker. Is there debate?
  • The bill increases the minimum number of programs school districts and the Florida College System has
  • Offer for the money-back guarantee program, and that is the bill. Questions of the sponsor?
  • They got petitions signed, and we had the great universal Pre-K program now in Florida.
Bills: HB 9 , HB 22 , HB 908 , HB 1392
OK
Transcript Highlights:
  • Upon graduation, he moved to Mexico City and worked with the giant panda reproduction program at Chipolitec
  • And there's no state agency overseeing these programs.
  • Speaker, I urge my colleagues today to vote yes because of programs like this, which gave my family a
  • Because we care about children, they're having to cut their childcare and afterschool program.
  • It is a waste of the computer program used to file it, the paper used to print it, for anyone to take
CA
Transcript Highlights:
  • Yet this program remains chronically underfunded.
  • And I'm just here to say that these cuts are deplorable, the cuts to Medicaid, the cuts to the SNAP program
  • Nurses witnessed firsthand how public support programs like food, housing, and housing assistance, Medi-Cal
  • These cuts to federal public health care programs jeopardize California's access to these life-saving
  • action is now: close corporate tax loopholes like Waters Edge to increase the state budget for the programs
Summary: The joint informational hearing focused on California’s taxation of foreign subsidiaries of U.S. corporations, especially the state’s water’s-edge election versus worldwide combined reporting. Committee members and witnesses discussed how unitary taxation and sales-factor apportionment work, why multinational corporations are a small share of filers but a large share of tax liability, and how foreign income, profit shifting, and double taxation concerns affect policy choices. The Franchise Tax Board explained current filing rules, the seven-year water’s-edge election, and recent filing statistics showing about 21,562 water’s-edge returns in 2023, roughly 6% of C corporation filers but about half of corporate tax liability. The Legislative Analyst’s Office and FTB staff emphasized that revenue effects from eliminating water’s edge are uncertain because foreign affiliate income is not directly observable, and they noted possible revenue volatility and administrative complexity. Several committee members asked about foreign government pushback, the burden on FTB, whether certain industries are more likely to shift profits, and whether companies would leave California; witnesses generally said there was no strong evidence that firms would exit the state because tax liability is driven mainly by California sales. They also discussed how California already administers both methods, how the election can be advantageous or disadvantageous depending on a firm’s facts, and how federal reforms like GILTI/NCTI, CAMT, and OECD Pillar Two may affect the issue. The second panel presented sharply contrasting views. One professor and a tax policy advocate argued that water’s edge creates unfairness, encourages profit shifting, and leaves California with billions in lost revenue, while a Tax Foundation witness argued that mandatory worldwide reporting would tax the wrong income, create double taxation and litigation risk, and impose heavy compliance burdens, especially for foreign-based multinationals. A later panel from the California Budget and Policy Center supported closing the “water’s-edge loophole,” saying it would raise needed revenue for public services and level the playing field between large multinationals and smaller domestic businesses. No vote or formal action was taken; the hearing was informational only.
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Budget and Fiscal Review Committee Jan 21st, 2026

Budget and Fiscal Review

Transcript Highlights:
  • and invested in particular aspects of that program.
  • and invested in particular aspects of that program.
  • and invested in particular aspects of that program.
  • For the Medi-Cal program in California, correct.
  • Cabaldon has mentioned, over many different program areas.
Summary: The Senate Budget and Fiscal Review Committee heard opening remarks on the Governor’s 2026-27 budget and presentations from the Department of Finance and the Legislative Analyst’s Office. Chair Laird described the proposal as roughly balanced with $23 billion in reserves, while Vice Chair Niello argued the revenue estimates were overly optimistic and warned of a structural deficit, calling for a deeper review of programs and concern over the state’s $20 billion unemployment insurance debt. Finance said the budget is balanced in the budget year but still leaves a roughly $2.9 billion deficit, with out-year gaps above $20 billion, and characterized the plan as largely a workload budget with limited new spending or cuts. The LAO said its office sees substantial downside risk to the revenue forecast, emphasized the volatility of stock-market-driven revenues, and urged the Legislature to begin addressing the structural deficit now rather than waiting until May. Members focused on the implications of federal policy changes, Medi-Cal, CalFresh, and the MCO tax, as well as the state’s reserve strategy. Senators Menjivar and Richardson raised concerns about health coverage reductions, county costs, hospital finances, and the lack of a broader revenue solution, while Finance said the state cannot fully backfill federal cuts and is still assessing the impacts. The LAO recommended rejecting the proposal to suspend the rainy day fund deposit and setting aside the proposed Proposition 98 settle-up rather than using it for spending. Finance defended both proposals as necessary to balance the budget year and said it plans to begin discussions with legislative leaders before the May Revision. The committee also discussed climate and transportation funding, including cap-and-trade/GGRF allocations for Cal Fire, interest earnings from the fund, zero-emission vehicle incentives, and AB 617 air quality investments. Senator Reyes questioned the focus on light-duty ZEV incentives instead of heavy-duty vehicles, and Finance said the proposal is intended to partially replace the federal consumer tax credit and that some heavy-duty funding remains from prior years. Senator Richardson also raised concerns about Olympics-related infrastructure, courthouse repairs, and displaced workers, while other members stressed homelessness funding and the need for more immediate action on out-year budget problems. No formal votes or actions were taken during the portion provided; the hearing was informational and moved into member questions after the presentations.
CA
Transcript Highlights:
  • What protections exist for people in these programs?
  • and invested in particular aspects of that program.
  • and invest in particular aspects of that program.
  • For the Medi-Cal program, yes. For the Medi-Cal program in California, correct.
  • Cabaldon has mentioned, over many different program areas. Over many different program areas.
Summary: The Senate Budget and Fiscal Review Committee heard opening remarks on the Governor’s 2026-27 budget, which the chair described as roughly balanced in the budget year but still facing large out-year structural deficits. The vice chair criticized the revenue assumptions as overly optimistic and stressed the need to review recent program expansions and address the state’s $20 billion federal unemployment insurance debt. The Department of Finance said the budget is a “workload” plan with about $350 billion in total spending, $23 billion in reserves, a projected $2.9 billion budget-year deficit, and out-year gaps above $20 billion, while the LAO warned of downside revenue risk tied to stock market volatility and urged earlier action on the structural deficit rather than waiting for May. Finance and the LAO discussed major budget components, including Proposition 98 funding, higher education base increases for UC and CSU, climate and wildfire spending, a new ZEV incentive, child care COLAs, and tax proposals involving marketplace facilitators, renewable aviation fuel, and an extension of the California Competes tax credit. Members raised concerns about proposed Medi-Cal and CalFresh changes tied to federal HR1 impacts, the MCO tax extension, hospital finances, county costs, and the decision not to backfill all federal funding losses. Finance said the administration is not in a position to replace all lost federal funds, but wants to work with the Legislature on priorities and timing before the May Revision. Several senators used the hearing to preview subcommittee priorities and request more detail on spending growth, reserves, and program cuts. Topics included homelessness funding, Care Court throughput, wildfire and climate investments, AB 617, data centers, the judicial branch’s facilities backlog, displaced workers, transit funding, and preparations for the 2028 Olympics and Paralympics. No budget action or vote was taken at this hearing; the committee mainly received presentations and member questions, with public comment scheduled later.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Floor Session - part 2 May 5th, 2025

Minnesota House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • It contains some provisions that tweak the medical program.
  • ; $5 million from a wetland restoration program at DNR.
  • We increase program integrity for substance use disorder.
  • We implement an early and ongoing training program.
  • That's a new program. Cannabis has 150 new employees.
NH

New Hampshire 2026 Regular Session

House Labor, Industrial and Rehabilitative Services (01/20/2026)

Labor, Industrial and Rehabilitative Services

Transcript Highlights:
  • It would be a pilot program.
  • It would would be a voluntary program.
  • this program is that if you're working this program is that if you're working as<05:02:29.440><c> a</
  • </c> and see how their program is set up. and see how their program is set up.
  • So we had developed this program, and somebody gets put in the program, and let's say they get cancer
TX
Transcript Highlights:
  • This bill relates to adult high school charter program funding.
  • The process has to be completed before a student would be eligible for the program.
  • They said They mentioned that, and I think that other programs fall within that too.
  • So we want to work with you on the program definitions.
  • I'm a housing program manager for the Transition Resource Action Center known as TRACK.
MA

Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session

Joint Committee on Election Laws Jun 21st, 2026 at 01:00 pm

Joint Committee on Election Laws

Transcript Highlights:
  • Concord residents face barriers that prevent them from attending in person: parents who cannot find childcare
  • should be crafted, designed at the local level, or whether you think a standard statewide education program
  • In the 1980s, as a new doctor, freshly out of residency program in the Bronx, many people came to me
  • We had an education program before town meeting this year, again as a refresher for everybody.
  • We had an education program to your question about the education component we had an education program
Summary: The Joint Committee on Election Laws held a public hearing focused primarily on ranked choice voting (RCV) legislation and several local home rule petitions, along with one petition to authorize remote participation in Concord town meetings. Chairs Keenan and Hunt outlined hearing procedures and noted the committee would hear both in-person and virtual testimony. The committee also took testimony on Concord’s request for remote participation in open and special town meetings, with supporters arguing it would make town meeting more accessible to residents with childcare, mobility, work, or disability barriers while preserving direct democracy. A large portion of the hearing centered on RCV local-option bills and municipal petitions from communities including Concord, East Hampton, Salem, Chelsea, Arlington, Revere, Amherst, and others. Supporters—among them local officials, legislators, election advocates, educators, veterans, and nonprofit leaders—said RCV would reduce vote-splitting, encourage more candidates, promote more positive campaigning, improve representation, and increase turnout. East Hampton officials described their existing use of RCV, saying it produced record turnout, was easy for voters to understand with education, and could be expanded to multi-winner races without major added cost. Concord and Amherst witnesses said their voters had already approved local steps toward RCV and urged the committee to let municipalities implement the system without further delay. Testimony in favor of the local-option RCV bill emphasized home rule and local control, with several witnesses arguing the state should not block communities that have already voted to adopt RCV. Speakers from MassVOTE, the AFT Massachusetts, Voter Choice Massachusetts, Progressive Massachusetts, the Boston Teachers Union, and Veterans for All Voters said the reform would strengthen democracy, broaden participation, and save money by avoiding low-turnout preliminary elections. Some witnesses also referenced examples from Cambridge, Maine, and Utah to argue that RCV is workable, nonpartisan, and familiar to voters. The hearing ended with no votes or final committee action taken in the transcript provided.
OK

Oklahoma 2026 Regular Session

Senate Legislative Session May 5th, 2026 at 09:30 am

Oklahoma Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • This is an extension of the program that is currently ongoing.
  • Because the program participation was extremely low. Follow up, thank you, Mr. President.
  • Well, if we want to change this program.
  • It adds childcare centers to be able to qualify for this program, and we know we need more child care
  • These are kids that are seeking some sort of trades career tech programming.
HI
Transcript Highlights:
  • </c><00:55:47.599><c> to</c> programs under the NHP program to programs under the NHP program to sustain
  • program.
  • ><c> will</c> program, our groundbreaking program will program, our groundbreaking program will cease
  • The knowledge studies program, a culturally based STEM program that provides educational programming
  • The knowledge studies program, a culturally based STEM program that provides educational programming
Summary: This joint informational briefing on Act 310 grants and aid focused on organizations describing how federal funding cuts, Medicaid/SNAP changes, and related policy shifts are affecting their services and budgets. Committee members explained there would be no Q&A, testimony would be limited to one minute, and in-person participants would be heard before Zoom callers. Members repeatedly asked testifiers to identify the amount of federal funding lost or at risk. Testimony came from a wide range of nonprofits and community providers, including Aloha Care, Hawaii Bicycling League, Hawaii Literacy, Hawaii Youth Symphony, Healthy Mothers Healthy Babies Coalition of Hawaii, the Tsunami Museum, The Kohala Center, West Hawaii Community Health Center, West Hawaii Region Hospital Foundation, Sounding Joy Music Therapy, Big Brothers Big Sisters Hawaii, Dynamic Community Solutions, Feeding Hawaii Together, Girl Scouts of Hawaii, Hawaii Disability Rights Center, Hawaii Youth Services Network, Hawaiian Lending and Investments, Homana, Honolulu Theatre for the Youth, Kids Hurt Too Hawaii, and Kokua Kalihi Valley. Most described reduced or threatened federal support and requested state funding to maintain services such as health care access, food security, disaster preparedness, literacy and digital inclusion, youth mentoring, arts education, housing, and climate or agricultural resilience. Several speakers emphasized direct impacts on vulnerable populations, including kūpuna, low-income families, immigrants, homeless youth, and people with disabilities. Requests ranged from relatively small planning or program grants to multi-million-dollar stabilization asks, with some organizations citing specific losses such as reduced Medicaid or USDA funding, canceled EPA or FEMA support, or expiring federal grants. No votes or formal committee actions were taken during the briefing.
OK

Oklahoma 2026 Regular Session

Senate Legislative Session May 14th, 2026 at 08:00 am

Oklahoma Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Who are those testing programs?
  • President, how many diversion courts and programs do we have in the state of Oklahoma?
  • I don't believe this has anything to do with diversion programs.
  • Does every county have a pre-trial release program? Thank you for the question.
  • All we're funding is this infrastructure, no programming.