Transcript Highlights:

• The law requires that all infrastructure be put in place and confirmed via engineering and platting review
• property meets those model requirements without requiring costly platting, which typically includes engineering
• costs and survey costs... ...without requiring costly platting, which typically includes engineering
• I'm the county engineer and director for the Department of Transportation.
• , and I found out that I can't do absolutely anything with it because I can't afford $30,000 in engineering

Bills: HB447, HB897, HB993, HB2673, HB3671, HB3680, HB3897, HB4506, HB4753, HB4812, HB4894, HB5148, HB5437, HB5650, HB5652, HB5654, HB5656, HB5661, HB5665

Keywords: traffic impact studies, municipal utility district, bonds, road projects, eminent domain, HB 897, Texas land sale, state property, Austin real estate, Travis County, General Land Office, Texas State Library and Archives Commission, HHSC, Health and Human Services Commission, state records facility, archives building, library funding, capital improvements, lease of state land, public land disposition

Summary: The committee heard testimony on a series of land use, housing, and local government bills. House Bill 447, relating to TIA requirements for certain MUD bond issuances, drew opposition from a witness who argued it would duplicate work already done, strain agency resources, and delay development; after the author’s closing, the committee substitute was withdrawn and the bill was left pending. The committee then voted out Senate Bill 1202 (third-party review of home backup power installations), House Bill 2494 (disannexation for failure to provide services), House Bill 1835 (removing barriers to HUD co-manufactured homes), and Senate Bill 15 (lot size and density limits in certain municipalities), with House Bill 1835 receiving one no vote and the others passing unanimously. House Bill 897, authorizing sale or lease of two state-owned Austin properties, was laid out and left pending after brief questions and no public testimony. The committee also heard and left pending several MUD creation bills for Montgomery and Fort Bend counties, including House Bills 5652, 5654, 5661, and 5656, each presented as template district bills with local support and no opposition recorded at the table. A major portion of the meeting focused on House Bill 2673, which would restore prior restrictions on new cemeteries near growing urban areas by repealing changes made last session. Representative Lujan and supporters argued the current law created unintended consequences, including loss of developable land, tax-exempt property in urban cores, and conflicts with infrastructure planning; they said cities already have authority to establish their own cemeteries if needed. Opponents, including a funeral services industry representative, argued the 2023 change was intended to let communities decide and that the bill would take local decision-making backward. After extensive testimony from both sides, the bill was left pending. The committee also heard House Bill 3680, which would create a Cameron County-specific process allowing local discretion under the model subdivision rules. Supporters said the bill would preserve colonia protections while reducing costly platting and replatting burdens on families trying to sell or pass down land; county officials and realtors testified in favor. The bill was left pending after closing. House Bill 4812, a clarification to the Texas Uniform Condominium Act to prevent counties from imposing subdivision platting requirements on condominiums, received support from builders and a condominium attorney who said current county practices create duplicative hurdles and higher costs; it too was left pending. Finally, House Bill 5148, which would allow certain single-stair apartment buildings up to six stories, generated the most detailed policy debate. Supporters, including housing advocates and architects, said the bill would lower costs, improve unit design, and expand affordable, family-friendly housing while maintaining safety through sprinklers and other safeguards. Fire officials from Corpus Christi opposed the bill, warning that a single stairwell could hinder firefighting and occupant evacuation, especially if sprinklers fail or smoke spreads. The author said the bill was aimed at new construction only and was part of a broader effort to reduce outdated housing regulations; the committee substitute was withdrawn and the bill was left pending at adjournment.

Transcript Highlights:

• The law requires that all infrastructure be put in place and confirmed via engineering and platting review
• property meets those model requirements without requiring costly platting, which typically includes engineering
• Without requiring costly platting, which typically includes engineering costs and survey costs, which
• I'm the county engineer and director for the Department of Transportation.
• , and I found out that I can't do absolutely anything with it because I can't afford $30,000 in engineering

Bills: HB447, HB897, HB993, HB2673, HB3671, HB3680, HB3897, HB4506, HB4753, HB4812, HB4894, HB5148, HB5437, HB5650, HB5652, HB5654, HB5656, HB5661, HB5665

Keywords: traffic impact studies, municipal utility district, bonds, road projects, eminent domain, HB 897, Texas land sale, state property, Austin real estate, Travis County, General Land Office, Texas State Library and Archives Commission, HHSC, Health and Human Services Commission, state records facility, archives building, library funding, capital improvements, lease of state land, public land disposition

Transcript Highlights:

• would have lost more than $20 million in investments and infrastructure surrounding the economic engine
• For Senate Bill 2129, we have Ben Wright from the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers...
• I represent the members of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen in Texas.
• I represent the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen.
• Army Corps of Engineers requirements.

Bills: SB39, SB2129, SB2141, SB2246, SB2323, SB2439, SB2722, SB 39

Keywords: commercial motor vehicle, truck liability, motor carrier, trucking, civil liability, respondeat superior, negligent entrustment, negligent maintenance, negligent loading, negligent repair, bifurcated trial, exemplary damages, punitive damages, personal injury, collision, employer liability, vicarious liability, Civil Practice and Remedies Code, Texas tort reform, commercial truck accident

Transcript Highlights:

• As a recent graduate with friends who majored in fields like biomedical engineering, it took them a year
• As a recent graduate with friends who majored in fields like biomedical engineering, it took them a year
• after graduation to find a job in their field. in fields like biomedical engineering, it took them a
• Stephen Gross said that he could have taken a professional career path, such as engineering, after getting
• hundreds or thousands of students in math and sciences, many of whom are probably some of those engineers

Summary: The committee heard and discussed several higher education and public school bills. Senator Burwell presented SB 1242 to remove an outdated Coordinating Board approval requirement for Texas State Technical College land and facility acquisitions, and SJR 59 to create a constitutionally dedicated endowment for TSTC capital needs; both drew strong support from industry and workforce groups and were left pending. SB 757, by Senator Middleton, would create a debt-to-earnings accountability system for public college programs, with supporters saying it would protect students from low-value degrees and opponents warning it could unfairly penalize programs with long-term value, especially graduate, medical, and public service fields; it was also left pending. SB 1241, by Senator Millington, would expand acceptable college entrance exams beyond the SAT and ACT, including the Classic Learning Test, and was left pending after testimony from CLT, homeschool, and student groups in support. SB 1085, by Senator Blanco, would let Sul Ross State University offer lower-division courses at its satellite campuses in the Middle Rio Grande region; it too was left pending. The committee then took up a series of public school and higher education measures, voting several out favorably. SB 605, as substituted, limits commissioner approval of charter school expansion amendments for schools under conservatorship or a management team and was reported favorably 9-0. SB 1871 and SB 1873, both by Senator Perry, were revised to narrow teacher immunity, clarify removal and suspension procedures, require periodic review of in-school suspension placements, and align discipline rules; both substitutes were adopted and reported favorably. SB 1872, SB 1874, SB 762, SB 1962, SB 1750, SB 2252, SB 2253, SB 2365, SB 1924, and SB 37 were also considered, with most reported favorably on party-line or near-unanimous votes. SB 1750 would replace a flat charter school facilities funding cap with an attendance-based formula; SB 2252 and SB 2253 address kindergarten readiness, early literacy/numeracy, and educator preparation; SB 2365 concerns student phone use during instructional time; SB 1924 restores local citation authority for certain school offenses and adds reporting, notice, and completion requirements; and SB 37 would expand state oversight of higher education curriculum, governance, faculty senates, and compliance with state law. Other measures heard included SB 769, which would require a Coordinating Board report on barriers faced by students with disabilities in higher education; supporters emphasized the need for better data and accessibility, while witnesses suggested broader reporting on race, disability types, and K-12-to-college transitions. SB 2231 would designate a Free College Application Week in October and was left pending. SB 1878 would modernize the Josie School statute and provide formula funding and aid eligibility for Polytechnic College. SB 1409 would authorize universities to offer self-funded student health benefit plans, with Rice University and Texas 2036 supporting the measure as a way to lower costs and expand coverage. SB 2431 would require universities to give foreign language credit for study abroad programs, SB 2314 would require schools to inform students about opting in or out of record sharing for direct admissions through My Texas Future, and SB 2138 would extend the state’s anti-ESG contracting restrictions to public higher education endowments and governing boards; these later bills were introduced and left pending.

Transcript Highlights:

• Lastly, I would say we are trying to mirror what the Army Corps of Engineers allows with that proximity
• As a civil engineer, I've had many projects that have a...
• As a civil engineer, I've had many projects that have a half acre of wetland adjacent to a gas station
• And then one last thought is, as a stormwater engineer, I understand that wetlands provide treatment
• development is going to have to, separately from the wetland impacts, address through its local engineering

Summary: The Natural Resources and Disaster Subcommittee heard and acted on several bills related to wetlands, emergency management, fishing licenses, disaster recovery, the Florida Keys, brownfields, wastewater treatment, and spring protection. HB 1175 on mitigation banking drew the most discussion, with supporters saying it would create more predictable release of mitigation credits and help address shortages, while opponents warned it could weaken watershed-based wetland protection and allow credits to be used farther from the impact site. The committee adopted a strike-all amendment making the changes prospective after July 1, 2025, and then reported the bill favorably with committee substitute by a 12-3 vote. The committee also considered HB 1535, a broad emergency management strike-all that would expand local storm-preparedness information, debris removal coordination, shelter planning, permitting procedures after storms, limits on post-storm fee increases and moratoria, and changes to election procedures after disasters. Members raised questions about FEMA coordination, shelter standards, impact fees, and the 100-mile post-storm land-use restrictions. After adopting the strike-all, the bill was reported favorably with committee substitute on a 17-0 vote. HB 673, which would extend the same fishing-license convenience to freshwater guides that saltwater captains already have, and HB 705, which extends a public-records exemption for disaster recovery assistance applicants, were both reported favorably without amendment. Later, the committee approved HB 995 for the Florida Keys, which combines affordable-housing incentives, a Habitat for Humanity bond exemption, an extension of the Florida Keys Stewardship Act, and a modest increase in hurricane evacuation time to allow additional residential permits; it was reported favorably on a unanimous vote. HB 733 on brownfields received a technical strike-all and was also reported favorably. HB 645 creating a general permit for distributed wastewater treatment systems passed unanimously, and HB 691 on a reclaimed-water project tied to Outstanding Florida Springs passed 16-1 after concerns were raised about cost, water quality, and whether the bill could broaden the intent of existing spring-protection law. The meeting adjourned after all agenda items were completed.

Transcript Highlights:

• In November, we established the foundation to support the museum's planning, design, and engineering.
• In November, we established the foundation to support the museum's planning, design, and engineering,
• In November, we established the foundation to support the museum's planning, design, and engineering,
• The bill states that when a design professional, such as an architect or an engineer, signs and seals
• design professional is putting their license on the line, and basically design professionals, an engineer

Summary: The Committee on Community Affairs met and considered a series of bills on trust law, homestead property assessments, emergency preparedness, utility service restrictions, Black history museum planning, historic preservation, firefighter benefits, and community redevelopment agencies. Several measures were presented as technical or policy updates, including CS/SB 262 on trust code clarifications, SJR 174 and SB 176 on limiting homestead assessment increases for flood-mitigation elevations, SB 608 renaming the Gulf of Mexico to the Gulf of America in Florida statutes, SB 1002 on utility service restrictions, SB 582 increasing penalties for unlawful demolition of historic buildings, SB 1202 extending health insurance premium benefits to firefighters permanently disabled during training, and SB 1242 phasing out CRAs and restricting new projects. SB 180 on emergency preparedness and response also advanced after a strike-all amendment that added FEMA reimbursement streamlining, mutual aid coordination, and other disaster-response provisions. SB 1128 on building permits for single-family dwellings was amended to clarify local review authority and professional liability protections before passage. The committee heard substantial testimony on SB 466, which implements the Black History Task Force’s recommendation to locate the Florida Museum of Black History in St. Johns County/St. Augustine. Supporters emphasized the area’s civil rights and Black history significance, the task force process, and the backing of Florida Memorial University and local leaders; one witness opposed the bill and urged a feasibility study and consideration of other sites. SB 1242 drew the most sustained debate, with supporters arguing many CRAs have outlived their purpose and opponents warning the bill would eliminate a valuable local economic development tool, harm affordable housing projects, and create uncertainty for phased developments and existing projects. SB 1002 also drew opposition testimony from advocates who warned of broad unintended consequences for municipal utilities and local energy choices, while the sponsor said the bill was intended to resolve a specific legal misunderstanding. Votes were taken on each measure, and all of the bills considered were reported favorably by the committee. The committee adopted the amendment to CS/SB 262, the strike-all amendment to SB 180, and the amendment to SB 1128 before final passage. Several senators requested to be recorded on specific tabs after the meeting, and the committee then adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• I come from a military background, and actually as an engineer in the Navy, and had been working in the
• We are not a database or a search engine.
• That’s that defensive engineering answer that you hear about.
• That's that defensive engineering answer that. represent Bonco is it depends, right?
• That's that defensive engineering answer that you hear about.

Summary: The subcommittee met to hear a panel discussion on artificial intelligence and automation in Florida government. Panelists from Worldwide Technology, OpenAI, the James Madison Institute, and the Florida Digital Service described AI as a tool to improve efficiency, constituent services, fraud detection, translation, HR workflows, public safety, and regulatory review, while emphasizing that AI should supplement rather than replace workers. They also stressed the importance of data readiness, workforce training, governance, and having existing technology systems and policies in place before broader deployment. Members asked about public records concerns, vendor vetting, model integrity, and how to balance innovation with privacy and security. Chief Schoonover said agencies are already using or exploring AI in areas such as Medicaid analysis, environmental data, emergency management, tax forms, and child support, and noted that the Digital Service publishes prohibited vendor and application lists. OpenAI discussed its red teaming, safety evaluations, privacy controls, and government products such as ChatGPT Gov, and said it does not train on personal data or target users with ads. The committee also discussed concrete examples of efficiency gains, including reduced call times, faster translation turnaround, and streamlined HR classification work, as well as concerns about job disruption and constituent access. In closing, members raised data center infrastructure and energy needs, with panelists noting that AI depends on substantial compute, power, cooling, and utility capacity. The chair concluded by encouraging continued dialogue and noting that future AI legislation should be targeted to specific problems rather than overly broad.

Transcript Highlights:

• premier places in the nation to come get immunotherapy, where we take your own immune cells, we either engineer
• We either engineer them or we take them out of the tumor.
• we're all growing across the state, I foresee, within 10, 15 years, this is a $10 billion economic engine
• all types of research within all types of cancers, and really being the economic and clinical care engines
• So these CAR-T patients, where you engineer T-cells and can rescue patients that otherwise are at end

Summary: The Health Care Budget Subcommittee held a panel discussion on Florida’s cancer research and funding programs, including the Casey DeSantis Cancer Research Program, the Florida Cancer Innovation Fund, the James and Esther King Biomedical Research Program, the Bankhead-Coley Research Program, and Live Like Bella. Dr. Ladapo and leaders from Moffitt, Sylvester/University of Miami, UF Health, and Mayo Clinic described how state funding has helped Florida’s four NCI-designated cancer centers expand research, recruit faculty, increase clinical trials, and build collaborations. They emphasized that the programs are intended to improve cancer care statewide, support innovation, and encourage more institutions to pursue NCI designation. The Governor’s budget recommendation was noted as including additional funding, and members asked about the cost and requirements of becoming NCI-designated and eventually comprehensive. Panelists said NCI designation requires major infrastructure, compliance, research, and training investments, with de novo development estimated at about $1 billion. They described Florida’s collaborative model as unusual nationally, with annual symposia, shared pilot funding, and joint projects across the four centers. Members also asked about rural access, home-based care, and recruitment/retention. Mayo described its “Cancer Care Beyond Walls” home-treatment model and said it could expand to rural counties within months; Moffitt and UF discussed mobile screening, satellite sites, and affiliations with local hospitals and practices. Several members raised concerns about workforce shortages, licensure delays, and the need to reach underserved areas. The discussion also covered outcomes, data reporting, and the broader economic impact of the cancer centers. Panelists cited growth in jobs, federal research funding, and clinical trial enrollment, and highlighted advances in immunotherapy, CAR-T, TIL therapy, carbon ion therapy, AI-driven screening, and the firefighter cancer initiative. They said the Florida Cancer Data System is being expanded to track recurrence and quality-of-life measures. Members also asked about philanthropy, medical tourism, and federal funding risks, including possible indirect cost reductions that could affect research budgets. The meeting ended with general support for continued investment, while some members noted an ongoing policy debate over whether future cancer research dollars should be concentrated in the four NCI centers or spread more broadly across the state.

Transcript Highlights:

• With me to testify today is Matthew Kremens with the International Union of Operating Engineers and Elmer
• International Union of Operating Engineers and Elmer Lazzardi. No, this is not Elmer Lazzardi.
• Matt Kremens is here on behalf of the California Nevada Conference of Operating Engineers.
• John McKeel on behalf of the American Council of Engineering Companies of California, CalGIO, and Associated
• John McKeel on behalf of American Council of Engineering Companies of California, CalGIO, and Associated

Summary: The Assembly Labor and Employment Committee heard several bills focused on worker protections, AI in the workplace, bereavement leave, and construction labor standards. SB 909 by Senator Smallwood-Cuevas would increase public works contractor registration fees, raise prevailing wage and related penalties, and direct half of collected penalties back into the Public Works Enforcement Fund. Supporters said the bill would help combat wage theft and misclassification and strengthen enforcement; opponents argued the higher fees and penalties would burden contractors without fixing enforcement backlogs. The committee voted the bill out on a due pass motion to Appropriations. The committee also approved SB 951 by Senator Reyes, which would require 60-day notice when 25 or more workers are displaced by technology and require reporting on AI-related job impacts. Supporters framed it as a response to rapid AI-driven layoffs and a way to gather real-time data; opponents raised concerns about small employers, proprietary information, and litigation. SB 947 by Senator McNerney, the “No Robo Bosses Act,” would require human review of automated discipline, termination, or deactivation decisions and restrict predictive behavior analysis. Supporters said it would prevent biased or mistaken automated decisions; opponents objected to the inclusion of independent contractors, private rights of action, and other provisions. Both bills were advanced to the Committee on Privacy and Consumer Protection. The committee also passed SB 1149 by Senator Durazo, which would expand bereavement leave to cover a “designated person,” including chosen family relationships. Supporters, including AARP and a witness who described losing a long-term partner, said the bill reflects modern family structures; there was no opposition. In addition, SB 1185 by Senator Cortese, applying skilled and trained workforce standards to pharmaceutical facility construction, was approved despite opposition from business and construction groups who said there was no demonstrated safety problem and that the mandate could raise costs and reduce competition. Several other bills on the consent calendar were also approved, and all measures were reported out of committee.

Transcript Highlights:

• I had to use .gov because those search engines, just like CNN, have hidden the context.
• Chair: CS/SB 800 on Engineering by Senator Mayfield. Senator Mayfield, you have one amendment.
• Under current law outlines the penalties for individuals that practice engineering without a license.
• Senate Bill 800 imposes progressively higher fees for subsequent offenses of unlicensed engineering practice
• Senator, I'm curious of why you are removing the engineering assistance loan program.

Keywords: 999, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• ground in our eight field districts and then the productive partnerships that we have with our engineering
• Chief Engineer TJ Dill is out with an illness, under the weather a little bit today, so he wasn't able
• Field District Engineers, these folks are the boots on the ground that represent our regional field districts
• Those eight district engineers, employees, and the personnel that work for them make up about almost
• An engineering team performs these inspections and does a conditional rating based on a scale of 1 to

Keywords: 914, all

Transcript Highlights:

• There were minor communications between our engineer and the CCN's engineer over the next three months
• We're told the CCN engineer provided water service options on April 12, 2024 to the CCN.
• Uh, Elevation specializes in my company in, uh, infrastructure planning, engineering, and construction
• This was the statute that the old Board of Water Engineers used for regulation of free flowing artesian

Bills: HB 937, HB 2078, HB 2080, HB 3322, HB 3350, HB 4212, HB 4630, HB 4896, HB 4951, HB 5348, HB 5675, SB 565, SB 971, SB 1662, SB 2124

Keywords: special districts, notice requirements, Water Code, government transparency, public meetings, meeting notice, transparency, public engagement, notice, elections, groundwater management, water conservation, joint planning, environmental impact, desired future conditions, groundwater, conservation district, environmental quality, regulatory review, water utility

Transcript Highlights:

• There were minor communications between our engineer and the CCN's engineer over the process. the next
• We were told the CCN's engineer provided water service options on December 12, 2024, to the CCN.
• Elevation specializes, my company, in infrastructure planning, engineering, and construction management
• This was the statute... ...that the old Board of Water Engineers used for regulation of free-flowing

Bills: HB937, HB2078, HB2080, HB3322, HB3350, HB4212, HB4630, HB4896, HB4951, HB5348, HB5675, SB565, SB971, SB1662, SB2124

Keywords: special districts, notice requirements, Water Code, government transparency, public meetings, meeting notice, transparency, public engagement, notice, elections, groundwater management, water conservation, joint planning, environmental impact, desired future conditions, groundwater, conservation district, environmental quality, regulatory review, water utility

Transcript Highlights:

• And then we also have the Engineering Rainbow Warrior racing team and Engineering College Dean Brennan
• 12.839> technology Productions and science technology Productions and science technology engineering
• c> math<00:09:14.600> stem<00:09:15.880> Capstone<00:09:16.880> Leah's engineering
• math stem Capstone Leah's engineering math stem Capstone Leah's ability<00:09:17.920> to<00:09

Keywords: 912, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• So we're really looking at this from more of an engineering standpoint than a statistical analysis per
• So, it's really looking at it from an engineering standpoint, rather than, like, a purely... temperature
• It sounds like the department is saying it believes that is pretty much guaranteed from an engineering
• Not an engineer, but just kind of highlighting some of those areas that still jump out to us as kind
• up the different trickle effects. from just the cooling system itself and how it weighs on the engineering

Keywords: 988, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• , suppliers, and others working engineers, suppliers, and others working to<00:51:18.520> address<
• Just this past summer, our operating engineers worked on storm, drinking, and wastewater projects in
• The cost of engineers and inspections and permits, those are going up.
• The<01:07:55.920> cost<01:07:56.240> of<01:07:56.359> engineers<01:07:57.200>
• and<01:07:57.320> inspections The cost of engineers and inspections The cost of engineers

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• They'll bring high-tech engineering and management jobs.
• <00:19:07.360> and bring high-tech uh engineering and bring high-tech uh engineering and management
• <01:54:39.199> has American Society of Civil Engineers has American Society of Civil Engineers
• <01:58:59.520> and I have taught thousands of engineers and I have taught thousands of engineers
• Starbucks to talk to both the engineers Starbucks to talk to both the engineers and<02:00:24.320

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Army Reserves and served with an engineering battalion in Washington, Iowa.
• with diverse companies and international markets every Day and are a dynamic part of the economic engine
• Veteran entrepreneurs are powerful economic engines and job creators.
• The industry has created high-paying jobs in engineering and infrastructure.
• UNIVERSITY, THE UNIVERSITY OF UTAH AND UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY ARE PREPARING THE NEXT GENERATION OF Engineers

Keywords: U.S. House of Representatives Floor Proceedings on Monday, February 24, 2025, 1012, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• quality science and math and engineering quality science and math and engineering programs across the
• program but that's programs engineering program but that's programs engineering program but that's why
• programs that even now go uh engineering programs that even now go uh engineering programs that even
• school, till I hit engineering school, till I hit engineering school, University of Alabama, my first
• were you I'm petroleum engineer engineer were you I'm petroleum engineer engineer were you I'm petroleum

Bills: HJR 4, HJR 6, HB 195, HB 13, HB 143, HB 135

Keywords: occupation tax, securities, financial regulation, tax exemption, legislative amendment, capital gains tax, realized gains, unrealized gains, investment income, asset sale, capital assets, wealth tax, estate tax, trust tax, tax limitation, constitutional amendment, Texas Constitution, Article VIII, property tax, sales tax

Transcript Highlights:

• This would take us out of alignment with existing engineering practice, with hundreds and hundreds of
• practice out of existing engineering practice out of alignment<00:44:56.119> with<00:44:56.319
• <00:45:02.640> documentation Decades of uh engineering documentation Decades of uh engineering
• Robinson I'm a professional engineer Robinson I'm a professional engineer with<00:57:59.400> over<
• <01:13:14.800> for a residential solar design engineer for a residential solar design engineer

Keywords: 1187, senate, all