Video & Transcript : 'legislative ethics' :
Page 428 of 500
NH
New Hampshire 2026 Regular Session
House Commerce and Consumer Affairs (02/18/2026)
Commerce and Consumer Affairs
Transcript Highlights:
- </c> moves in expedient to legislate. moves in expedient to legislate.
- </c> The motion is inexperient to legislate. The motion is inexperient to legislate.
- </c> legislative solution? legislative solution?
- </c> ITL in experience to legislate. ITL in experience to legislate.
- Uh, the motion is inexpedient to legislate." The motion is inexpedient to legislate.
Committee:
House Commerce and Consumer Affairs
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Senate Human Services Committee Apr 20th, 2026
Transcript Highlights:
- And I am not the only legislator, Mr.
- And I am not the only legislator, Mr. Tangipa. Similarly, Mr.
- I often say that legislation brought in a vacuum or legislation that doesn't participate with individuals
- I often say that legislation brought in a vacuum, or legislation that doesn't participate with individuals
- When the legislator created Cal Food in 2011, Bank's membership affiliation.
Summary:
The committee first adopted a 4-0 consent calendar for SB 1345, SB 1410, and SB 1421. It then heard SB 1200 on child care, which would redefine infant and toddler age categories so providers could count 18- to 24-month-olds as toddlers without changing ratios. The author and family child care providers said the bill would better reflect child development, improve reimbursement, increase capacity, and help keep family child care businesses open; there was no opposition, and the bill passed 4-0 to Appropriations.
The committee next approved SB 971, a permissive framework for counties to offer senior education and technology training through local public health systems and community partners. Supporters said it would help older adults with digital literacy, fraud awareness, health, and social connection, while remaining optional and locally tailored. There was no opposition, and the bill passed 4-0 to the floor. The committee also passed SB 1234, which requires fentanyl to be included in court-ordered drug testing in dependency cases when drug testing is already ordered. The author, an angel family member, and a sheriff’s office witness described child deaths and fentanyl exposure risks; the bill passed 4-0 to the floor.
SB 1109, dealing with oversight of short-term residential therapeutic programs in small rural counties, drew substantial testimony. Supporters from Alpine County argued that two facilities there strain local emergency response and that annual review should be triggered by repeated serious citations or placement in counties lacking basic infrastructure. Opponents said the bill was too broad and could destabilize needed placement capacity. After discussion, the author accepted committee amendments, and the bill passed 4-0 to Appropriations as amended. The committee also passed SB 961, which would notify financial aid applicants that they may be eligible for CalFresh; students and advocates said it would reduce food insecurity and improve college success, with no opposition, and it passed 4-0 to Appropriations.
Later, SB 1099, clarifying local governments’ authority to provide state or local public benefits to all residents under federal PRWORA exemptions, was heard and supported by local government attorneys; it was held on call after a 2-0 roll. SB 1190, creating licensing and safety rules for youth transport companies used in out-of-state residential placements, was supported by survivors and advocacy groups, with some support-if-amended testimony; it passed 4-0 to the Public Safety Committee. Finally, SB 1325, a narrow San Diego County measure to allow Feeding San Diego to participate in Cal Food under specific conditions, drew support from the author and Feeding San Diego but opposition from the California Association of Food Banks, which argued it would shift limited resources and add administrative burden. The transcript ends during committee discussion on SB 1325, before a final vote is shown.
ID
Transcript Highlights:
- Legislative day and recommend that it be adopted as corrected. Moved by Skaug, seconded by Gannon.
- House Bill 848, by the Appropriations Committee, an act relating to the appropriation to the legislative
- branch, appropriating monies to the legislative branch for the Legislative Services Office and the Office
- , appropriating monies to the legislative branch for the Legislative Services Office and the Office of
- House Joint Memorial 17 hold its place on the third reading calendar one legislative day.
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Senate Budget and Fiscal Review Subcommittee No. 5 On Corrections, Public Safety, Judiciary, Labor and Transportation Feb 26th, 2026
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Veterans and Military Affairs Division 2/25/26
Veterans and Military Affairs Division
Transcript Highlights:
- </c><00:21:29.440><c> the</c> of a veteran homes that the legisl the of a veteran homes that the legisl
- ,</c><00:34:50.079><c> social</c> uh lives through legislation, social uh lives through legislation,
- Those are the legislators that we are addressing<00:36:26.079><c> today.
- </c><00:38:22.880><c> So</c> fail legislative session for the CTF.
- So fail legislative session for the CTF.
Committee:
House Veterans and Military Affairs Division
Keywords:
veterans rights, employment discrimination, human rights, Minnesota laws, protected classes, veterans, Minnesota Department of Veterans Affairs, veterans affairs, Secret War in Laos, SGU veteran, Hmong veterans, Laotian veterans, honor guard, military funeral honors, state veterans cemetery, burial eligibility, veterans home, temporary closure, state active service, National Guard
WA
Washington 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Finance Feb 24th, 2026
Transcript Highlights:
- If this legislation State income tax if it follows the rules for property taxes.
- And please do not impugn the motives of our committee members or legislators.
- And please do not impugn the motives of our committee members or legislators.
- And please do not impugn the motives of our committee members or legislators.
- I'm from the 24th Legislative District.
Summary:
House Finance held a public hearing on Gross Substitute Senate Bill 6346, a proposal to impose a 9.9% tax beginning in 2028 on Washington taxable income over $1 million for individuals, with related rules for residents, nonresidents, pass-through entities, estimated payments, penalties, credits, and revenue distribution. Staff explained that the bill would also fund several tax changes, including an expanded Working Families Tax Credit, sales tax exemptions for grooming and hygiene products, higher small business B&O credits, an early end to the B&O surcharge on very large businesses, and repeal of most retail services sales tax changes from last session. The fiscal note projected about $2.53 billion in additional state revenue in FY 2029 and $3.21 billion in FY 2030, with local revenue losses and significant Department of Revenue implementation costs. The chair also announced concerns about apparent fraud and duplicate records in the public sign-in system and set testimony rules limiting questions and shortening testimony time as the hearing progressed.
The prime sponsor, Senator Jamie Peterson, said the bill was intended to make Washington’s tax system less regressive and to raise revenue for schools, health care, higher education, and other public needs while reducing the burden on lower- and middle-income residents. Supporters from labor, education, health care, child care, housing, poverty-reduction, and social service organizations argued that the bill would help fund essential services, expand the Working Families Tax Credit, and improve fairness by asking the wealthiest households to contribute more. Several individual supporters, including business owners and workers, said they were willing to pay more and described the need for better-funded schools, health care, child care, and public defense.
Opponents, including former Attorney General Rob McKenna, business groups, construction and real estate representatives, and taxpayer advocates, argued the measure would function as an unconstitutional income tax, would be unstable and likely expanded over time, and would harm small businesses organized as pass-through entities. They said the bill would reduce investment, discourage entrepreneurship, and could drive businesses and high earners out of Washington. Some local government representatives supported the public defense funding but asked for more dedicated revenue and protection against local revenue losses from the bill’s sales tax exemptions. No committee vote or final action was taken during the hearing.
WA
Washington 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Agriculture & Natural Resources Jan 30th, 2026 at 10:30 am
Agriculture & Natural Resources
Transcript Highlights:
- The task force must be chaired by a legislator, and staff support must be provided by legislative staff
- The two appointed legislative members with the most years of legislative service must jointly set an
- And lastly, legislative approval may be needed to effectively implement some components.
- I sit on some boards outside of the legislature as a legislator...”
- I was there with other Southwest Washington legislators and our congresswoman.
Committee:
House Agriculture & Natural Resources
Keywords:
sea lion, predation control, salmon preservation, fishing industry, voluntary donations, ungulate, wildlife conservation, ecosystem management, population sustainability, environmental impact, wildfire, federal response, community protection, natural resources, firefighter safety, agriculture, regulations, farming, compliance, economic impact
TX
Texas 89th Regular
89th Legislative Session - Second Called Session Aug 25th, 2025
Texas House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- Gonzalez emphasizes the need for legislative support in addressing mental health. Thank you, Dr.
- Legislation to prohibit same-day voter registration in Texas, legislation authorizing contracts with
- Good legislation. Thank you. I move passage.
- Good legislation. Thank you. I move passage. Members, the question occurs on passage.
- Meyer moves to excuse those members on this legislative day who were excused on the previous legislative
Bills:
HB17 , HB16 , SB 10 , HB27 , HB23 , SB 15 , SB 18 , HB 17 , HB 16 , SB 10 , HB 27 , HB 23 , SB 15 , SB 18
Keywords:
property tax, school funding, enrollment changes, inflation adjustment, tax rate notice, judicial administration, court reform, juvenile diversion, court security, mental health services, drug offenses, constitutional amendments, property tax exemption, ad valorem tax, Texas Tax Code, nonprofit corporation, charitable organization, educational nonprofit, scientific nonprofit, agriculture support
NM
New Mexico 2025 Regular Session
IC - Mortgage Finance Authority Act Oversight Jul 21st, 2025
Mortgage Finance Authority Act Oversight Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- I believe there is a 20% discount for legislators available on the website.
- The way that they approached this legislation was sort of a values argument.
- This is relatively new legislation.
- I think just having legislation that says...
- Now, we were able to pass this legislation to get some...
NV
Transcript Highlights:
- No, if you want to legislate support, support's easy.
- I'm like, no, if you want to legislate support, support's easy.
- When it comes down to the challenges related to interventions, that needs to be in legislation.
- Nevada System of Higher Education, we stand in support of this legislation.
- You're seeking a legislative solution to what I see is mostly a policy problem.
Committee:
Assembly Education
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- I'm the Executive Director of Texas Watch and in strong support of this legislation.
- I urge you to consider the long-term consequences of this legislation.
- The system established by that legislation has worked very well until the pandemic.
- AARP Texas is pleased to support this legislation.
- AARP Texas is pleased to support this legislation.
Bills:
HB 107 , HB742 , HB1639 , HB1700 , HB2071 , HB2187 , HB2402 , HB2516 , HB3211 , HB4529 , HB5342 , HB694 , HB923 , HB4655
Committee:
Senate Health & Human Services
Keywords:
sickle cell disease, registry, health data, confidentiality, healthcare access, human trafficking, first responders, health care, training, reporting, protection, cancer, female firefighters, health study, state health services, fire protection, telemedicine, teledentistry, telehealth, health records
Summary:
The committee heard testimony on a series of health and human services bills and left each one pending after public testimony. HB 4655 would expand financial literacy instruction for youth aging out of foster care to include credit scores, predatory lending, scams, banking, budgeting, and related consumer topics; the sponsor and Buckner International described the need to protect foster youth from financial pitfalls. HB 923 would add three public members and one physician to the Texas Medical Disclosure Panel; supporters said it would improve informed consent and patient voice, while a witness raised concerns about a House amendment requiring a physician majority for decisions and senators questioned scope-of-practice limits. HHSC said the panel is an independent body and the bill expressly bars it from changing scope of practice.
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Assembly Communications and Conveyance Committee Apr 30th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- We seek to protect the rights of all who participate in the legislative process so that we have effective
- And thank you and your committee staff so much for their hard work on this important legislation.
- My name is Terry Nicole Baca, and I'm vice president of legislative affairs for AT&T California, the
- TURN believes that we should pause any legislation and let the CPUC process continue.
- Terry Nicole Baca, Vice President of Legislative Affairs for AT&T.
Summary:
The committee first heard AB 470, which would change California’s carrier-of-last-resort rules and allow a phased transition away from copper landlines in areas deemed well served by alternative phone options. The author and AT&T argued the bill would protect consumers, preserve 911 access, require public notice and CPUC review, and direct investment toward modern fiber and emergency communications. Supporters included a wide range of business, civic, tribal, and community groups, while opponents from TURN, rural counties, labor, digital equity organizations, and local governments warned the bill could let AT&T shed service obligations too quickly, weaken protections for rural and underserved households, and harm workers. After extensive member discussion about CPUC authority, rural carveouts, labor impacts, and reinvestment, AB 470 was passed do pass as amended to Appropriations, with one no vote and one not voting, and the roll left open.
The committee then took up AB 1532, a committee omnibus bill extending funding and surcharge authority for the Deaf and Disabled Telecommunications Program and the TNC Access for All program, while also adding CPUC accountability provisions. Chair Boerner Horvath explained the bill would not raise consumer costs and would require the CPUC to appear at hearings when requested and adopt rules for commissioner attendance. There was no opposition testimony, and the bill was moved do pass and re-refer to Utilities and Energy, though the roll was left open because it had not yet reached the threshold for immediate transmission.
Finally, the committee heard AB 353, the Affordable Home Internet Act of 2025, which would establish an affordability floor for home broadband for low-income Californians after the expiration of the federal Affordable Connectivity Program. Supporters said broadband costs remain too high and that families, students, and vulnerable communities need a state solution now; opponents from the wireless industry and rural county representatives argued the bill would amount to an artificial price mandate and could complicate existing rural broadband buildouts. Members generally supported the goal but raised concerns about impacts on small ISPs and rural areas, and the bill was moved forward with a motion and second while discussion continued about possible exemptions and amendments.
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Assembly Housing and Community Development Committee Mar 26th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- I know there's other legislation that would do that on how that's determined.
- This is a part of the California Legislative Black Caucus' reparations package.
- This is a part of the California Legislative Black Caucus' reparations package.
- Unfortunately, as we know when we are legislators and we move legislation through and it gets signed,
- My name is Rachel Bogwett, and I'm a legislative advocate at ACLU California Action.
Summary:
The committee heard a long agenda of housing-related bills, beginning with AB 249, which would require youth-specific coordinated entry assessments for homeless services. The author and supporters from Larkin Street Youth Services and the California Coalition for Youth argued that current vulnerability tools are adult-focused and can disadvantage young people; the bill was described as a developmentally appropriate fix to better connect youth to housing and prevention services. There was no opposition, and the bill passed 7-0 to Human Services.
Members then heard AB 239 and AB 1206. AB 239 would create a state-led disaster housing task force, a state disaster housing coordinator, and regular legislative reporting to speed recovery after disasters; it passed 7-0 to Emergency Management. AB 1206 would let local agencies pre-approve plans for single-family and small multifamily homes of up to 10 units to reduce permitting delays and costs; the League of California Cities opposed it unless amended, citing local variation and staffing concerns, but the author and supporters said it would preserve local control and help speed housing production. The bill passed 9-0 to Local Government.
The committee also took up AB 57, which would reserve at least 10% of California’s home purchase assistance funds for descendants of formerly enslaved people. Supporters framed it as reparative justice and a way to address longstanding racial disparities in homeownership, while Pacific Legal Foundation argued it likely violated constitutional limits on race-based government action and urged a race-neutral approach. After discussion about reparations criteria and the bill’s intent, it passed 6-0 to Judiciary. The consent calendar, including AB 480, AB 726, and AB 1154, was approved 8-0.
Later, AB 282 was heard to allow housing providers to prefer applicants who participate in rental assistance programs, such as Housing Choice Vouchers, despite existing source-of-income discrimination law. Supporters said it would help voucher holders find units and improve affordable housing operations; no opposition testified, and the bill passed 6-1 to Judiciary. AB 1229 followed, restructuring the adult reentry grant program to focus on permanent housing for people leaving prison by moving administration to HCD and using regional administrators; supporters emphasized the link between housing stability and reduced recidivism, and the bill passed 7-0 to Public Safety. The committee then approved AB 670, which would let local governments count preservation of naturally occurring affordable housing toward housing element goals and require better demolition reporting, and AB 750, which would strengthen oversight and reporting for homeless shelters after a prior reporting law saw very low compliance. AB 670 passed 8-0 to Local Government, and AB 750 was presented with testimony from a shelter resident describing abuse and lack of accountability in shelters.
AL
Transcript Highlights:
- </c> of legislation like this will be passed. of legislation like this will be passed.
- </c><00:47:09.599><c> around</c> makeup of the state legislators around makeup of the state legislators
- </c> then trying to remember this legislation then trying to remember this legislation uh<01:03:24.960
- </c> legislature, if five or six legislators legislature, if five or six legislators say<01:19:39.840
- </c> who've already passed this legislation who've already passed this legislation take<01:31:49.520>
NH
New Hampshire 2025 Regular Session
House Judiciary (04/23/2025)
Transcript Highlights:
- A seeing one bill might get our mind stimulated to think of other legislation.
- A seeing one bill might get our mind stimulated to think of other legislation.
- legislation legislation um<00:59:50.559><c> indicated</c><00:59:51.200><c> was</c><00:59:51.440><c>
- Uh I am not frivolous legislation.
- ,</c><02:17:00.479><c> and</c> in more runway for this legislation, and in more runway for this legislation
Summary:
The Judiciary Committee first took up Senate Bill 268, a bill related to biological sex and related classifications. Members opposing the bill argued it was unnecessary, poorly drafted, and a personal attack on a small group of people, while supporters said it was needed to protect girls and women and to avoid repeated floor debate on a measure they viewed as proper. Several members also discussed the bill’s definition of biological sex, the lack of guidance on what information could be required to make determinations, and concerns about unintended consequences. The committee voted on a motion to retain the bill and approved it by a 10-8 roll call vote, with the bill retained.
The committee then moved to Senate Bill 189, described by supporters as a housekeeping measure requested by the Secretary of State and the Department of Health and Human Services concerning fetal death records. Supporters said the bill was narrow, time-sensitive, and ready to pass, while opponents argued it needed further work and that the committee should not use retention to reopen the bill for broader changes. Some members said they wanted to add or explore additional provisions related to fetal death reporting, while others objected that such changes were outside the bill’s scope and poor procedure. After debate, the committee voted to retain Senate Bill 189 as well.
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Committee on Environment, Climate and Legacy - 03/06/25
Environment, Climate, and Legacy
Transcript Highlights:
- I want to thank you, Senator Cy Cupic, for authoring this important legislation.
- Other states that are considering legislation include this language.
- </c> states that are considering legislation states that are considering legislation include<00:46:13.280
- </c> happy to talk to work with legislators happy to talk to work with legislators on<01:20:05.040><c
- We need this legislation in place before the start of spring.
Committee:
Senate Environment, Climate, and Legacy
MA
Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session
Informal House Session 79 Jun 21st, 2026 at 11:00 am
Massachusetts House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- Berthiaume Jr. for legislation to establish a sick leave bank for Emily Kulik comes from the Senate with
- Sabadosa for legislation to rescind all previous... for legislation to establish a sick leave bank for
- Petition of Lisa Field for legislation to establish a sick leave bank for Aden Daniels, an employee of
- Sabadoza for legislation to rescind all previous.
- Of Lindsay and Sabadosa for legislation to rescind all previous calls for a federal constitutional convention
Summary:
The House took up several committee reports and adopted a series of resolutions and procedural orders. It adopted resolutions honoring Yulanda Carrillo on her 102nd birthday and the Knights of Columbus Peabody Leo Council 508 on its 125th anniversary. The House also extended reporting deadlines for the Education Committee and the Telecommunications, Utilities and Energy Committee, and concurred with a Senate referral of a sick leave bank petition for Emily Kulik. Joint Rule 12 was suspended for additional petitions, including a sick leave bank for Aden Daniels and a petition to rescind prior calls for a federal constitutional convention.
The Committee on Steering, Policy and Scheduling reported a number of local bills for House consideration, including measures on Norfolk reserved capacity billing, Dalton town manager residency requirements, Lancaster’s animal control commission, Cambridge parking enforcement notices, Fairhaven’s charter, Malden’s charter, Ipswich’s charter, and a sick leave bank for John C. Murphy. The House suspended Rule 7A, took the bills through second reading, and ordered them to a third reading.
The House then considered and adopted the emergency preamble for House No. 4364, authorizing easements to the town of Bourne. It also passed to engrossment two Department of Correction sick leave bank bills: House No. 4426 for Paul Stavisky and House No. 4427 for Fenneda Janow Patel. Finally, the House adopted an order to meet again Thursday at 11 a.m., and adjourned.
MA
Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session
Joint Committee on Tourism, Arts and Cultural Development Jun 21st, 2026 at 01:00 pm
Joint Committee on Tourism, Arts and Cultural Development
Transcript Highlights:
- hearing, and we look forward to hearing from members of the public on a whole range of pieces of legislation
- But this legislation would codify it.
- As part of that role, I am on the Massachusetts Indigenous Legislative Agenda.
- And as Mark said, Earl's effort led to this legislation,...
- And as Mark said, Earl's effort led to this legislation, Mark said, Earl's effort led to this legislation
Summary:
The Joint Committee on Tourism, Arts, and Cultural Development held a hearing on October 21, opening with a moment of silence for former committee chair Senator Edward Kennedy. Chairs Senator Paul Mark and Representative Sean Garballey then heard testimony on several bills related to tourism funding, arts infrastructure, public art, Native heritage, and a choreographer laureate.
A major focus was legislation to require earlier distribution of regional tourism council grants from the Tourism Trust Fund, with testimony from regional tourism leaders from North of Boston, Metro West, Cape Cod, and Senator Joan Lovely. Witnesses said delayed grant allocations make it difficult to plan fall, winter, and shoulder-season marketing, and they argued that an October 1 or September 1 deadline would help preserve tourism’s economic impact without increasing appropriations. They cited tourism’s role in jobs, tax revenue, and regional economic development, especially for smaller and less prominent tourism regions.
The committee also heard strong support for the Creative Space Act and the PLACE Act, which would help municipalities preserve affordable creative workspace and create a public art funding mechanism tied to state construction projects. Testimony from MassCreative, MAPC, arts organizations, muralists, and local arts leaders emphasized loss of workspace, displacement of artists, and the economic and community benefits of public art. Additional testimony supported bills to protect Native American heritage by preventing the sale of funerary and sacred objects in public or nonprofit collections, and a bill to establish a first-in-the-nation choreographer laureate of the Commonwealth. No votes were taken during the hearing, and the committee adjourned after public testimony concluded.
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Senate Floor Session Jun 1st, 2026
California Senate Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- The Azores, and I was lucky enough to be discovered as one of the few Luso-American legislators, and
- Current law protects each legislator on this floor on independent judgment.
- The Joint Legislative Audit Committee will meet immediately upon adjournment in Room 447.
- This house is advancing bipartisan legislation. That legislation is already in the other house.
- This house is advancing bipartisan legislation. That legislation is already in the other house.
Summary:
The Senate met with a quorum, opened with prayer and the Pledge of Allegiance, and then moved through several privileges-of-the-floor recognitions, including birthday wishes for Senator Archuleta and tributes to former Senator George Runner and visiting guests from Portugal in connection with Portuguese Heritage Month. The body then proceeded to governor appointments, beginning with multiple confirmations to the Board of Parole Hearings. Debate on the parole board nominees focused heavily on public safety, transparency, and recent high-profile parole decisions involving violent sexual offenders, with opponents arguing the board had been too lenient and lacked public accountability, while supporters said commissioners were applying the law as written and using structured risk assessments.
William Muniz and Michael Ruff were both confirmed after roll-call votes, despite opposition centered on parole outcomes and board transparency. Rosalind Sargent Burns and Mary Thornton were also confirmed after similar debate. The final parole board confirmation, Jack Weiss, drew the most extended discussion, including a failed request to read material into the record and repeated disputes over whether comments were on topic; Weiss was ultimately confirmed as well. Throughout these confirmations, senators on both sides referenced elder parole, the unreasonable-risk standard, victim input, and the need for either reform or deference to existing law.
After the appointments, the Senate took up SCR 179 by Senator Niello, designating May as Celiac Disease Awareness Month. Niello described celiac disease as a serious autoimmune disorder, emphasized the challenges of gluten exposure and cross-contamination, and called for greater awareness, labeling, and education. The resolution passed unanimously, 31-0. The session concluded with committee announcements and adjournment-in-memory tributes for Marty Arnold, Jim McAulian, and Pat Gagoscos, followed by remarks from the pro tem noting bipartisan legislation on parole transparency and announcing the next session for June 4, 2026.
ID
Transcript Highlights:
- If I show it to a legislator, they say, 'It doesn't matter how much money you put in that box.
- That was a landmark piece of legislation and came with a lot of pros, but it also has come with a lot
- branch, appropriating monies to the legislative branch for the Legislative Service Office and the Office
- This particular legislation deals with cash rounding.
- And this legislation simply provides guidance. It's not hard and fast; it's a may, not a must.