Transcript Highlights:

• So it does have a two-generation impact. Parents are able to work and go to school.
• So there is an important two-generation impact of child care.
• So there is an important two-generation impact of child care, even if it's a star two program.
• So there is an important two-generation impact of child care.
• General obligation bond capacity, on the other hand, went up a bit.

Summary: The committee heard first from LFC staff on a brief about New Mexico’s universal child care expansion. Staff said child care assistance has clear benefits for parents and families, but LFC has not found evidence in New Mexico that it improves children’s educational outcomes; they argued pre-K is the better tool for that goal. The brief highlighted four concerns with universal access: an estimated annual cost of about $849.7 million, a sharp decline in registered homes, possible crowding out of lower-income families, and reduced access for children under age two. Staff also suggested possible mitigations such as prioritizing slots for low-income and at-risk families, reinstating sliding-scale co-pays, and tying quality improvements to workforce wages. Members raised questions about the cost estimate, funding sources, provider quality, and whether the data showed actual crowding out. Several lawmakers expressed support for child care generally but concern about the fiscal impact and whether universal access would divert resources from the families most in need. Others emphasized the importance of child care for workforce participation, rural communities, and family stability, and questioned how registered homes are counted and regulated. LFC staff clarified that the cost estimate was for child care assistance only, not the entire ECECD budget, and that the data showed declines in the share of lowest-income children and infants/toddlers served, though not causation. The ECECD secretary then presented the department’s response, saying universal child care is intended to complete a cradle-to-career system and that the department has already seen strong uptake, increased capacity, and rising workforce participation. She said 6,206 families were found eligible in the first month, the share of infants and toddlers served rose, and new provider applications and licensed slots increased after the November rollout. The department also emphasized wage increases, quality improvements, and a new wage scale/career lattice, while projecting a lower near-term cost than LFC’s estimate and requesting additional funding for child care, early pre-K, home visiting, workforce systems, and capacity-building. No votes or formal actions were taken in the portion provided; the discussion was informational and focused on questions and testimony.

Transcript Highlights:

• These are people who are first-generation farmers, some of them second.
• These are people who are first-generation farmers, some of them second.
• These are people who are first-generation farmers, some of them second.
• These are people who are first-generation farmers, some of them second.
• These are people who are first-generation farmers, some of them second.

Keywords: Meeting Start 00:00:00 Attendance Roll Call 00:00:50 Approval of Minutes 00:01:21 KOAP Report 00:01:42 Community Farm Alliance and KY Double Dollars 00:20:25 Feeding Kentucky 00:40:55, 958, all

Summary: The Tobacco Settlement Oversight Committee received a monthly report from the Kentucky Office of Agricultural Policy and the A Development Board/Finance Corporation. Staff reviewed May activity, including county council visits, loan and grant approvals, farm safety funding, and support for beginning farmers, agricultural infrastructure, processing, and county/state projects. The committee also recognized an intern and thanked Tara Roberts for her service as she prepares to leave the agency. Members were reminded about a June 20 anniversary event marking 25 years of the office and related programs. A major topic was K-CARD, the Kentucky Center for Agricultural and Rural Development. Staff explained that the program is being expanded to provide more technical assistance for beginning farmers and farm families, including help with business plans and estate planning/farm transition discussions. Members asked how farmers would access the service and were told the extension office would be the front-line contact, with K-CARD providing the technical assistance and neutral-site consultations. The committee also discussed support for large food animal veterinarians. Staff said the incentive program has helped more than 33 veterinarians and is intended to support existing providers rather than quickly increase numbers; members raised concerns about the pipeline and selection process at Auburn University, and staff said discussions with the university were ongoing. The committee then heard from Community Farm Alliance on Kentucky Double Dollars, Fresh Rx for Moms, and farmers market support programs. CFA reported expansion to roadside stands, more retail onboarding, seven new counties, and estimated economic and farmgate impacts, emphasizing that state funding helps leverage federal and private dollars and stabilize local food access programs. No formal votes or legislative actions were taken beyond approving the May minutes.

Transcript Highlights:

• on the Range so we can live Generations on the Range so we can live and<00:03:28.319><c> prosper</c>
• I am Cal Warwas, a lifelong Iron Ranger, third-generation miner, second-generation steel worker in Steelworkers
• </c><00:03:50.519><c> minor</c><00:03:51.519><c> second</c><00:03:51.879><c> generation</c> third generation
• minor second generation third generation minor second generation steel<00:03:52.680><c> worker</c><00
• So I thank you for your time. ...the MPCA is generally supportive of the intent of the bill authors,

Keywords: 919, house, all

Summary: House File 3030 was taken up for discussion and amended with the A1 author’s amendment before moving forward. The bill was presented as an Iron Range package with three parts: a 26-week unemployment insurance extension for workers laid off by Cleveland-Cliffs, and two mining-related provisions dealing with safe storage of reactive mine waste and a site-specific sulfite standard. The authors said the bill was intended both to help laid-off workers immediately and to support the long-term future of mining jobs in the region. Testimony was overwhelmingly supportive of the unemployment extension and the broader goal of preserving Iron Range jobs and communities. Representatives of affected workers, union leaders, a county commissioner, a tribal elder, and RAMS all described the layoffs as potentially long-term and warned of broader economic harm to families, local businesses, schools, and the region if mining jobs continue to decline. Several testifiers emphasized that mining is central to the Iron Range economy and argued that the bill would give workers time and hope while also helping keep people in the region. The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency testified that it generally supported the bill’s intent but raised concerns about the environmental rulemaking language in Article 2, Section 2. MPCA said the provision would amount to a new major rulemaking, would require significant time and resources, and should be reviewed by the Environment, Natural Resources, Finance and Policy Committee. During member questions, one legislator said there was strong support for the UI extension in Article 1 but expressed concern about the environmental issues in Article 2 and asked why those provisions were not being reviewed by the environment committee. The meeting ended with public testimony closed and member questions beginning; no final vote was taken in the portion provided.

Transcript Highlights:

• about defendants are generally the ones being sued, not doing the suit.
• And even experimental, there's never a Surgeon General warning on a...
• But I think generally you get the drift.
• The family needs to possibly identify as a general.
• So now it's third generation funeral homes in El Paso since 1950.

Bills: HB 1181 , HB3704 , HB1363 , HB1610 , HB1615 , HB1620 , HB3223 , HB1317 , HB2884 , HB2176 , HB4027 , HB1664 , HB933 , HB2613 , HB3353 , HB2086 , HB4101 , HB3441 , HB4145 , HB3455

Committee: House Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence

Keywords: judiciary, judges, justices, retired, legal assignments, judicial conduct, notary public, criminal offense, education requirements, official documents, record retention, implicit bias, bias training, judicial training, judge education, court personnel, continuing legal education, CLE, state bar, Texas Court of Criminal Appeals

Transcript Highlights:

• </c> fund there are no General fund there are no General funds<00:04:24.680><c> there</c><00:04:24.800
• While the numbers have statistically gone down, the cases generally have a wax and wane.
• While the numbers have statistically gone down, the cases generally have a wax and wane.
• While the numbers have statistically gone down, the cases generally have a wax and wane.
• </c><00:46:41.240><c> counsel</c> executive director and general counsel executive director and general

Committee: Senate Labor

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• So that is generally speaking what we do now.
• </c> implementation so uh that's generally implementation so uh that's generally what<00:01:26.400><c
• </c> the the review so uh that is generally the the review so uh that is generally speaking<00:01:39.479
• It would mean less access to care in general.
• It would mean less access to care in general.

Keywords: 00:00 Call to Order/Roll Call 00:16 Consideration of Referred Administrative Regulations 25:49 Discussion of Hospital Rate Improvement Plan 58:50 Adjournment, 958, all

Summary: The committee began by reviewing a large slate of administrative regulations and explaining that it does not approve regulations but can find them deficient and send them back for further work. Members then asked questions on several items, including EMS reciprocity, dental hygienist licensure, and interpreter licensure. The EMS board explained that reciprocity would extend to applicants from any state, not just contiguous states, because the underlying statute had been amended. On the dental regulation, staff said the changes mainly clarified licensure requirements, reinstatement fees, and that dental hygienists administering local anesthetic must do so under direct dentist supervision. The most extended discussion involved the Board of Interpreters for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing. The board chair said the main concern was that the EIPA is an educational specialty assessment, not a nationally recognized certification, yet the regulation would allow it to support full licensure. Members discussed whether that could let educational interpreters work outside their intended scope and whether a separate educational license or statutory change would be more appropriate. The board said it did not think the regulation could be fixed further at this point and suggested a statute could create a narrower educational interpreter license. After discussion, the committee voted to defer both related interpreter regulations, 201 KAR 39:030 and the companion regulation, for further work. The committee then took up two community mental health regulations, 907 KAR 1:044 and 907 KAR 5:005, which had been found deficient in Administrative Regulations. Department for Medicaid Services staff said the rules would expand and rename the mental health associate role as a behavioral health associate, making the role available in many more facilities, but would also require additional coursework or progress toward licensure. Some members and providers raised access-to-care concerns, especially for rural areas and unlicensed staff already working in the field. Staff said the proposal had been revised through work with CMHCs and licensing boards, but the committee ultimately voted to defer both regulations as well. After finishing the regulation review, the committee heard a presentation from the Kentucky Hospital Association on the ATRIP hospital rate improvement program. Hospital representatives said ATRIP is a Medicaid state-directed payment program funded through a provider tax and federal matching dollars, allowing hospitals to receive payments tied to quality measures. They reported improvements including lower Medicaid readmissions, high sepsis screening rates, reduced infections and opioid prescribing, expanded postpartum depression and suicide screening, and training for more than 1,000 people. They said the program has helped hospitals invest in staffing and quality improvement and warned that without it, many hospitals would face severe financial strain.

Transcript Highlights:

• </c> executive vice president, general executive vice president, general counsel<00:49:45.599><c> for
• </c> reconciliation of subsidiary and general reconciliation of subsidiary and general ledgers<01:00:
• </c> significant uh focus of the general significant uh focus of the general assembly<01:22:17.040><c
• 2021, the general assembly amended the 2021, the general assembly amended the statute<02:05:14.480><c
• </c><02:07:01.040><c> that</c> be the Kentucky Attorney General that be the Kentucky Attorney General

Keywords: 958, all

Summary: The committee met with a full quorum and approved the prior minutes. Members offered introductions of guests and family members, then heard a presentation from University of Louisville President Thomas Jared Bradley, who was sworn in before testifying. He described his background and outlined U of L’s strategic priorities: student success, access and affordability, workforce development, community engagement, and research. Bradley highlighted enrollment growth, increases in first-generation and Pell-eligible students, strong transfer pathways with KCTCS, and support programs such as the Cardinal Commitment Grant, 15-to-Finish, Comeback Cards, tutoring, mentoring, and mental health services. Bradley also emphasized U of L’s statewide and regional impact through UofL Health, rural outreach, the Bullitt County rural cancer education and research center, nursing expansion, and the Kentucky Manufacturing Extension Partnership program. He noted major institutional distinctions, including R1 status, a new Carnegie Opportunity College and University designation, and community-engaged classification. He said the university is one of only 10 public universities nationwide with all three designations and reported record enrollment, improved retention, and strong research expenditures. He also thanked lawmakers for significant capital and operating support, including funding for the simulation center, health science center, asset preservation, and the MEP program. During questions, members praised the university’s public service role and asked about first-generation enrollment, retention, graduation rates, and post-graduation outcomes. Bradley said the university is working to improve completion by expanding academic support, early alerts, incentives for tutoring, and faculty/advisor mentoring, especially for first-generation and high-need students. He acknowledged that post-graduation employment data is difficult to collect but said the new Carnegie classification reflects positive outcomes. No votes were taken beyond approving the minutes, and no formal actions were taken on legislation in this portion of the meeting.

Transcript Highlights:

• So if it breaks generated for breakage.
• The and then goes to the general fund.
• I still think the general public's generally concerned or confused about what HHR is versus the other
• </c><02:52:31.359><c> be</c> law-abiding citizens will generally be law-abiding citizens will generally
• <03:08:25.359><c> are</c> generally not the operators are generally not the operators are generally<03

Committee: Joint Select Committee on Gaming

Keywords: 916, all

Transcript Highlights:

• </c><00:13:21.160><c> Assembly</c> weight through every General Assembly weight through every General
• </c> Yeah, so um what the bill does generally Yeah, so um what the bill does generally is<01:16:21.240
• </c> things that may just be generally things that may just be generally decorative<01:21:29.600><c>
• But I believe it does because it generally applies to...
• We'll... it generally applies to it generally applies to It<01:27:59.560><c> gives</c><01:27:59.880><

Keywords: House streaming session for Monday, April 13, 2026, 957, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• , not state general fund appropriations.
• They generate electricity.
• However, I think fundamentally for me, this comes down to a debate on term limits in general.
• staff that have been there for years and years, and it's generally the superintendent.
• And it's generally the superintendent. staff that have been there for years and years and it's generally

Keywords: 1182, all

Transcript Highlights:

• The fees that we're talking about here go into a fund and they generate about $30,000 a year.
• The fees that we're talking about here go into a fund and they generate about $30,000 a year.
• The fees that we're talking about here go into a fund and they generate about $30,000 a year.
• </c><01:11:01.040><c> speaking</c> layer of cost because generally speaking layer of cost because generally
• It's on its way to the General Register. Thank you for being here this morning.

Bills: HF414 , HF768 , HF359

Committee: House Judiciary Finance and Civil Law

Keywords: data practices, filing fee, government transparency, complaints, public access, free speech, human rights, censorship, protected speech, Minnesota Department of Human Rights, real property, partition, eminent domain, transfer on death deeds, property rights, 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• The Workers' Compensation Advisory Council generally meets the second Wednesday of the month, subject
• the second work generally meets the second Wednesday<00:21:58.080><c> of</c><00:21:58.200><c> the</c
• </c> in education and Outreach in General in education and Outreach in General Industry<00:31:00.559>
• It generated safety inspection results within 43 days, which is below the national average of 56 days
• </c><00:59:44.200><c> we're</c> just as legislature in general we're just as legislature in general we're

Committee: Senate Labor

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• </c><03:22:09.120><c> fund,</c> the VLT machines into the general fund, the VLT machines into the general
• property tax generators who are utility property tax generators who are no<03:54:24.720><c> longer</c
• </c><04:30:49.520><c> We</c> we heard this in a general sense. We we heard this in a general sense.
• The amendment general election.
• </c> date, but be tied to the general date, but be tied to the general election<04:51:44.400><c> date

Keywords: 1191, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Resource programs put efficient equipment into homes and businesses and generate the savings.
• Resource programs put efficient equipment into homes and businesses and generate the savings.
• You wouldn't shut down finance for not generating revenue. That was never its job.
• And these issues are scoped into the proceeding, so cost effectiveness generally.
• and other new generation resources.

Committee: House Utilities and Energy

Keywords: 988, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• And it used to be that it was just the generational customers.
• And it used to be that it was just the generational customers that were demanding it, the younger generations
• Now that's moving back up the generations. I'm a Gen X. I want everything.
• And it's an incredible generator of wealth and economic value.
• The money has been received for the Office of Adjutant General to pay out the DAPL loan.

Summary: The committee received a compliance and budget update on Industrial Commission agencies and programs, including the Industrial Commission administrative office, the Oil and Gas Research Program, the Clean Sustainable Energy Authority, the State Energy Research Center, the Research Technology Park grant program, and related funds. Staff reviewed spending and balances for items such as electric grid resiliency grants, lignite research, enhanced oil recovery, the salt cavern business case study, and the new NDSU research and technology park grant. Members also discussed timing, carryover balances, matching requirements, and how some programs are structured to reimburse projects over several years rather than spend funds immediately. Karen Tyler of the Industrial Commission described the agency’s administrative budget, the grant management system nearing completion, and the transition to standalone audits and staffing after separating from other agencies. She also outlined the status of active grant rounds across lignite, oil and gas, renewable energy, outdoor heritage, and clean sustainable energy programs. Members asked about the length of active grants, demand for clean energy funding, and the possibility of future grant rounds. Tyler and members also discussed the salt cavern study, the need to better define its commercial value, and the research technology park grant’s cash-match requirement. Ron Ness then testified on enhanced oil recovery and broader oil and gas market conditions. He said North Dakota production remained steady, but future growth depends on infrastructure, longer laterals, and better use of natural gas and carbon dioxide for EOR. He described the state’s EOR grant round, the use of federal DOE funding to replace part of a state-funded project, and the expectation of additional grant rounds. Members asked about CO2 supply, storage, and the economics of using legacy fields and pipelines to extend oil production and support agriculture and industrial uses. The committee also heard from Bank of North Dakota President Don Morgan, who reviewed the bank’s mission, governance, lending verticals, disaster programs, and new initiatives. He said the bank is seeing deposit growth flatten and is responding to fintech competition by focusing on liquidity, risk management, and a new payment infrastructure initiative called Rough Rider Coin, which he emphasized is not crypto and not a public coin, but a banking payment rail for North Dakota institutions. Members asked about student loan rates, disaster lending, and how the bank’s lines of credit and balance sheet capacity are affected by deposit trends. Morgan said the bank remains profitable and continues to support agriculture, commerce, and industry through participation loans, student lending, and state-directed programs.

Transcript Highlights:

• Passing this bill would reduce one of those barriers for students who do not have access to generational
• It would also include a QR code on each certificate so that anyone, a general contractor, a regulator
• Second, we also anticipate this bill would be either revenue-generating or revenue-neutral for the UI
• I work over 40 hours per week in a lab at Mass General Hospital, unemployment insurance.
• I generate and analyze data.

Committee: Joint Joint Committee on Financial Services

Keywords: 995, all

Summary: The Joint Committee on Financial Services held a public hearing with about 43 witnesses and a 1:00 p.m. hard stop, and the chair repeatedly asked speakers to keep testimony to three minutes. Much of the hearing focused on S. 747/H. 1336, which would extend paid family and medical leave and unemployment insurance to graduate student workers. Supporters included legislators, union leaders, graduate workers from MIT, Harvard, BU, WPI, UMass Lowell, and others, and legal advocates. They argued graduate workers perform full-time teaching and research work, pay taxes, and should not be excluded from basic safety-net benefits; several witnesses described personal hardships involving childbirth, serious illness, mental health crises, funding cuts, or fear of losing income. Testifiers also said the change would be revenue-neutral or revenue-generating and would not create major administrative burdens for universities, which already provide similar benefits to other employees. The committee also heard testimony on insurance-related bills. Christopher Stock of the Massachusetts Insurance Federation supported H. 1113 on public adjusters and H. 1345/S. 753 on flood-zone notifications for homebuyers, but opposed H. 4112, which would add a $2 surcharge on home insurance policies to fund fire cistern programs. The Metropolitan Area Planning Council strongly supported H. 1345, saying flood disclosure is needed because Massachusetts lacks statewide flood-notification requirements and flooding risks are increasing. Karen Alvarado supported H. 4352 on travel insurance, and John Fielding supported H. 1186 on pet insurance; both said the bills would create uniform regulatory frameworks and consumer protections. Rep. LeBoeuf testified for H. 4061 on workers’ compensation premium fraud, describing the bill as a transparency measure to combat fraud in construction by creating a public certificate-of-insurance database and QR-code verification system. Joe Bright of the carpenters’ union also supported H. 4061, citing fraud, misclassification, and the harm to injured workers. The hearing also included testimony on H. 4112, a bill to create a statewide fire suppression water resource fund and cistern program. Rep. Hogan and a Stowe fire chief described drought, brush fires, and the need for dedicated cisterns in communities without municipal water systems, saying the tanks provide reliable water for firefighting and are relatively low-tech once installed. Committee members asked questions about tank capacity, siting, maintenance, and funding. No votes or formal actions were taken during the hearing.

Transcript Highlights:

• Are concerned just in general.
• My general view is that that basically kept For 3% and 3% over two years.
• My general view is that that basically kept us whole.
• That's my general view.
• Okay, some general comments regarding the market competition.

Summary: The Employee Benefits Committee met to approve prior minutes, hear presentations on state employee health insurance, compensation, leave, and related policy issues, and then recess for lunch. PERS reviewed the history and structure of the state health plan, noting the long-standing state-paid family coverage, cost-control measures, wellness incentives, the current grandfathered PPO and high-deductible options, and the effects of recent benefit mandates such as insulin caps, prosthetic coverage, medication management, prescription copay changes, and ambulance balance-billing limits. Committee members questioned the fiscal impact of adding benefits and the possible cost of moving to a non-grandfathered plan, while PERS and HRMS emphasized that health insurance remains the top-ranked employee benefit and that any major plan changes should be considered carefully. HRMS also presented compensation comparisons showing state pay generally below private-market benchmarks, discussed targeted market equity adjustments, identified ongoing recruitment and retention concerns in fields like nursing, IT, engineering, and attorneys, and reviewed leave policies, tuition reimbursement, and family leave comparisons with neighboring states. Job Service provided labor market data showing low unemployment, high labor force participation, and wage growth that still trails some neighboring markets, and OMB explained that prevailing wage requirements apply to federally funded projects under Davis-Bacon, not to ordinary state contracts. After lunch, the committee took up the required process for health insurance mandate bills and adopted an amendment to Joint Rule 211. The amendment clarified that the deadline for submitting mandate measures is intended to allow time for all required reports, including both the cost-benefit analysis and any Employee Benefits Committee actuarial report, while leaving the existing deadline unchanged. The amendment was adopted on a roll call vote, with several members voting yes and a few no votes recorded. The committee then moved into its jurisdiction review of bill drafts, beginning with a bill that would automatically renew pre-tax dental and vision elections; members debated whether it had any actuarial or administrative impact on PERS or the state, and the chair explained that the committee’s role was only to decide whether further analysis was needed before later testimony and recommendations.

Transcript Highlights:

• Uh, in 2023, the state increased K-12 general education funding substantially for 2026-27.
• At a general<00:04:19.680><c> cost</c><00:04:20.000><c> of</c><00:04:20.120><c> $4</c><00:04:20.600><
• c> billion,</c><00:04:21.000><c> this</c><00:04:21.200><c> bill</c> general cost of $4 billion, this
• bill general cost of $4 billion, this bill would<00:04:21.480><c> put</c><00:04:21.600><c> the</c><00
• education funding substantially general education funding substantially for<00:04:55.160><c> 2026-27

Keywords: 1183, house

Summary: The committee took up House File 4906, adopted the H4906A1 amendment, and heard a staff explanation that the bill would create a one-time property tax refund in calendar year 2026 for residential homesteads and the house/garage/1-acre portion of agricultural homesteads. As amended, the bill would appropriate $4 billion in fiscal year 2027, distribute payments based on 2026 property tax due, include a clawback for delinquent taxpayers, and coordinate with existing property tax refund programs so recipients would not receive more than they paid in taxes. House Research also discussed a disagreement with the Department of Revenue over whether the refund would be taxable federally, with House Research suggesting it would likely be treated as a non-taxable recovery of prior taxes. Public testimony was largely opposed. Eric Bernstein of We Make Minnesota argued the proposal was too large, would create a deficit and force future service cuts, and would disproportionately benefit higher-income homeowners. Nan Madden of the Minnesota Budget Project said the bill would create a major budget hole, threaten funding for health care, food support, schools, and other services, and exclude renters and lower-income Minnesotans. Members echoed those concerns, citing impacts on public safety, rural EMS, hospitals, education funding, and equity, while noting that renters and many seniors would receive nothing. Representative Howard questioned whether the bill was a cautious use of state resources, and Representative Norris said it missed the mark for struggling renters. Chair Davids defended the concept as a way to put money back in people’s pockets and said the proposal was scalable and intended to start a discussion. Representative Wiener strongly supported the bill, saying many homeowners and farmers in his district are not wealthy and need relief from property taxes; he said the bill should be even bigger. No vote on final passage was taken in the portion of the meeting provided, and the committee moved on after testimony and member discussion.

Transcript Highlights:

• Bills will generally be heard in file order, with Senator Blakespear having been waiting patiently, so
• I've built my general plan around it.
• I've built my general plan around it.
• It's done the water assessment for purposes of its general plan and therefore its housing element in
• In general.

Committee: Senate Natural Resources and Water

Keywords: 987, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Huang, Director General of the Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Denver. Ms.
• It creates a civil cause of action for victims of AI-generated explicit material.
• It also closes a loophole in our child pornography statutes by including AI-generated depictions.
• It creates a civil cause of action for victims of AI-generated explicit material.
• What does it mean to be proficient enough to converse with the general public?

Keywords: 959, house, all