Transcript Highlights:

• This is the gross amount of money we pay for all electronic transactions.
• to believe, given that some of the most sophisticated and profitable companies in the world make adjustments
• nearly all modern point-of-sale systems are able to calculate and separate taxes and tips on customer receipts
• card chargeback anecdote, have had people write their phone number on their signed transaction list receipt

Summary: The commission met to continue studying credit card payments, interchange fees, fraud, chargebacks, and the impact of card processing costs on small businesses, especially restaurants and retailers. Members heard extensive testimony from credit unions, retailers, restaurant owners, payment-industry representatives, and an airline trade group. Supporters of reform argued that swipe fees are a major and rising expense, that businesses are paying fees on sales tax and tips that are merely pass-through amounts, and that merchants have little negotiating power. Several restaurant and retail witnesses described thin margins, higher costs for card-not-present transactions, and chargebacks that they said usually favor cardholders and leave merchants absorbing losses and fees. Witnesses from the Cooperative Credit Union Association cautioned that state-level interchange regulation could reduce revenue used for fraud prevention, compliance, and member services, and could lead to higher rates or reduced access. Retail and restaurant representatives countered that fees have risen sharply, that statements are difficult to decipher, and that rewards programs and card-network pricing are subsidized by merchants and ultimately by all consumers. The Massachusetts Restaurant Association and independent operators urged legislation to bar fees on tax and tip portions of transactions and to allow businesses to pass along card fees if they choose, saying this would improve transparency and fairness and help keep small restaurants open. Other testimony came from the National Restaurant Association, which supported interchange reform and said modern point-of-sale systems can already separate tax and tip amounts, and from a payments-industry group that emphasized the broader economic benefits of digital payments and warned against state-by-state rules. Airlines for America opposed changes that could undermine airline credit card rewards programs. Commission members asked detailed questions about fee structures, card types, chargebacks, POS systems, and whether consumers paying cash are also affected. No votes or formal actions were taken at the meeting.

Transcript Highlights:

• We reinstitute a retirement cost-of-living adjustment for our special risk employees that will ensure
• We reinstitute a retirement cost-living adjustment for our special risk employees that will ensure we
• Last year, the Legislature provided this adjustment to the public defenders in the 11th, 13th, and 20th
• It allows county value adjustment boards to hear appeals relating to the timely filed or timely filing
• It reduces the tax on slot machine revenues from 35% to 34%, and it reduces the gross receipts tax on

Transcript Highlights:

• They removed the previous prohibition on autonomous vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating of 10,000
• Additionally, the regulations allow AVs up to 14,000 pounds gross vehicle weight to be operated by a
• They removed the previous prohibition on autonomous vehicles with gross vehicle weight rating of 10,000
• Additionally, the regulations allow for AVs up to 14,000 pounds gross vehicle weight to be operated by
• The DMV already has the expertise and authority to adjust its requirements based on real-world performance

Committee: House Transportation

Transcript Highlights:

• consumption in commercial greenhouses, pivot irrigation systems, and poultry houses from the utility gross
• receipts tax and utility service use tax.
• control, and this is something that would be a big help to those producers. houses from the utility gross
• receipts houses from the utility gross receipts tax<00:10:30.160><c> and</c><00:10:30.560><c> utility
• This bill, when they do not use the full gross amount of their benefits, expands it so they can use those

Bills: SB62 , HB361 , HB244 , HB377 , HB411 , HB422 , HB423 , HB425 , SB16 , HB452 , HB354 , SB62 , HB361 , HB244 , HB377 , HB411 , HB422 , HB423 , HB425 , SB16 , HB452 , HB354

Committee: House Ways and Means Education

Keywords: SB62, Alabama, conservation and natural resources, hunting license, fishing license, wildlife heritage license, license identification, government-issued ID, residency determination, in-state residency, student residency, tuition classification, public higher education, domicile, resident status, Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, DCNR, Section 9-11-32, Section 9-11-33, Section 16-64-3

Transcript Highlights:

• Are they able to adjust assessments based solely on drone footage, or do they have to go back in person
• It does adjust the fee structure for the Construction Industries Board.

Bills: SB44 , SB237 , SB248 , SB985 , SB1204 , SB1239 , SB1307 , SB1360 , SB1390 , SB1400 , SB1405 , SB1427 , SB1428 , SB1732 , SB1832 , SB1859 , SB1989 , SB2018 , SB2143

Committee: House Appropriations and Budget

Keywords: sales tax exemption, nonprofit organizations, contractors, charitable purposes, state law, ad valorem tax, manufacturing facilities, exemption, battery energy storage, employment, payroll, state tax regulation, tourism, revolving fund, Oklahoma Tourism and Recreation Department, real property, fund management, Oklahoma Local Food for Schools, school meals, local food procurement

Transcript Highlights:

• So, what is this gross production tax dispersed back to that entity? Thank you for the question.
• from the gross production tax.
• Is it fair to say that the gross production tax on that well is pretty low?
• Do you know if we charge gross production tax on the production of brine water?
• We don't charge a gross production tax on that 95% of that brine.

Bills: SB1627 , SB227 , SB366 , SB1193 , SB1433 , SB1450 , SB1481 , SB1749 , SB1810 , SB1812 , SB1921 , SB1948 , SB2044 , SB2178 , SB169 , SB1877 , HB1409 , SB1266 , SB1432

Keywords: criminal code cleanup, duplicate statutes, statutory consolidation, repealer bill, emergency clause, Title 21 crimes, Title 47 DUI, child abuse reporting, child neglect, child sexual abuse material, child pornography, sex offenses, rape, stalking, domestic abuse, domestic violence, human trafficking, sex trafficking, gang-related offense, eluding police

Transcript Highlights:

• In gross, second substitute House Bill 2034.
• In gross second substitute House Bill 2034 as amended by the Senate on third reading and final passage

Bills: SB6061 , SB6234 , SB6176 , SB6335 , SB6047 , HB2235 , HB2464 , HB2619 , HB1376 , SB5808 , SB5949 , HB1347 , HB1759 , HB1983 , HB2120 , HB2264 , HB2338 , HB2385 , HB2495 , HB2521 , HB2604 , HB2610 , HB2675 , HB2426 , SB6061 , SB6234 , SB6176 , SB6335 , SB6047 , HB2235 , HB2464 , HB2619 , HB1376 , HB1796 , HB2091 , HB2249 , HB2353 , HB2431 , SB5808 , SB5949 , HB2124 , HB2104 , HB2624 , HB2510 , HB1347 , HB1759 , HB1983 , HB2120 , HB2264 , HB2338 , HB2385 , HB2436 , HB2495 , HB2521 , HB2604 , HB2610 , HB2675

Keywords: tourism, self-supported assessment, funding, statewide promotion, economic development, sewage, grinder pumps, residential buildings, regulation, construction, vehicle registration, enforcement, renewal, transportation, state law, state commission, infrastructure, traffic safety, responsibilities, state capital projects

Transcript Highlights:

• This bill before us just adjusts the dates for implementation, and I ask for your support.
• amendment comes at the request of the Department of Revenue to make some technical and clarifying adjustments
• In gross, Second Substitute House Bill 2215. The Secretary will read.

Bills: SB6061 , SB6234 , SB6176 , SB6335 , SB6047 , HB2235 , HB2464 , HB2619 , HB1376 , SB5808 , SB5949 , HB1347 , HB1759 , HB1983 , HB2120 , HB2264 , HB2338 , HB2385 , HB2495 , HB2521 , HB2604 , HB2610 , HB2675 , HB2426 , SB6061 , SB6234 , SB6176 , SB6335 , SB6047 , HB2235 , HB2464 , HB2619 , HB1376 , HB1796 , HB2091 , HB2249 , HB2353 , HB2431 , SB5808 , SB5949 , HB2124 , HB2104 , HB2624 , HB2510 , HB1347 , HB1759 , HB1983 , HB2120 , HB2264 , HB2338 , HB2385 , HB2436 , HB2495 , HB2521 , HB2604 , HB2610 , HB2675

Keywords: tourism, self-supported assessment, funding, statewide promotion, economic development, sewage, grinder pumps, residential buildings, regulation, construction, vehicle registration, enforcement, renewal, transportation, state law, state commission, infrastructure, traffic safety, responsibilities, state capital projects

Transcript Highlights:

• An act relating to adjusting the price of a cash transaction to eliminate the need for pennies.

Bills: SB6061 , SB6234 , SB6176 , SB6335 , SB6047 , HB2235 , HB2464 , HB2619 , HB1376 , HB1796 , HB2091 , HB2249 , HB2353 , HB2431 , SB5808 , SB5949 , HB2124 , HB2104 , HB2624 , HB2510 , HB1347 , HB1759 , HB1983 , HB2120 , HB2264 , HB2338 , HB2385 , HB2436 , HB2495 , HB2521 , HB2604 , HB2610 , HB2675

Keywords: tourism, self-supported assessment, funding, statewide promotion, economic development, sewage, grinder pumps, residential buildings, regulation, construction, vehicle registration, enforcement, renewal, transportation, state law, state commission, infrastructure, traffic safety, responsibilities, state capital projects

Summary: The Senate considered and passed several House bills. HB 2624, relating to consumer protections for unsolicited real estate transactions for public purposes, was amended with a striking amendment from the Business, Trade, and Economic Development Committee and then passed 30-18, with Senator Dozier voting no and saying the bill still needed work. HB 2104, which makes permanent aviation assurance funding for wildfire response by removing a sunset clause, passed 47-0 with two excused after Senator Short urged support based on its wildfire-fighting value. The Senate also adopted an amendment to Substitute HB 2334, which addresses cash transactions and rounding to eliminate the need for pennies, adding language that customers with exact change must be able to pay exact change. The bill passed 45-2, with Senator Frame describing it as permissive guidance for businesses and Senator Dozier supporting it humorously; Senator Gainer voted no. HB 2436, concerning requirements for oil tankers operating in restricted waters and clarifying tugboat horsepower standards to match current practice, passed 46-1 after support from Senator Lovelett and Senator King. Finally, Engrossed HB 2575, reducing certain reporting obligations under environmental or energy laws, passed 47-0 with two excused. Senator Schumaker said it would save administrative costs for the Department of Commerce and utilities and free up money for low-income energy assistance. The Senate then adjourned until the next day.

Transcript Highlights:

• If there's some language that needs to be adjusted, that'll happen at the next step.
• So maybe it doesn't matter, but I still think we should make the law adjust. You're recognized.

Bills: HB1453 , HB2933 , HB2941 , HB2945 , HB2959 , HB3087 , HB3094 , HB3297 , HB3298 , HB3319 , HB3321 , HB3386 , HB3453 , HB3471 , HB3505 , HB3510 , HB3544 , HB3549 , HB3652 , HB3727 , HB3791 , HB3845 , HB3906 , HB4119 , HB4125 , HB4126 , HB4198 , HB4236 , HB4425 , HB4343 , HB4094 , HB3407

Committee: House Civil Judiciary

Keywords: foreign ownership, property rights, agricultural land, Attorney General, divestment, real estate, felony penalties, insurance regulation, homeowner claims, premium discounts, catastrophe mitigation, civil penalties, fentanyl, overdose, first responders, drug reporting, immunity, controlled substances, penalties, abortion

Transcript Highlights:

• We reinstitute a retirement cost-of-living adjustment for our special risk employees that will ensure
• Last year, the Legislature provided this adjustment to the public defenders in the 11th, 13th, and 20th
• It adjusts notification timing for tax exemption denials to improve protest options for property owners
• It allows county value adjustment boards to hear appeals relating to the timely filed or timely filing
• And it reduces the gross receipts tax on card room revenues from 8% to 5%.

Transcript Highlights:

• We're now projecting individual income tax receipts to be 1.9% more than we projected in November.
• adjustments and higher Technical adjustments and higher forecast<00:37:13.440><c> for</c><00:37:13.560
• The non-wage share of gross income reported by Minnesota taxpayers has been increasing over time.
• The non-wage share of gross income reported by Minnesota taxpayers has been increasing over time.
• The non-wage share of gross income reported by Minnesota taxpayers has been increasing over time.

Bills: HF3425

Committee: House Ways and Means

Keywords: supportive housing, grants, housing assistance, funding, Minnesota Statutes

Transcript Highlights:

• It exempts hearing aids from the general excise tax gross receipts regarding hearing aids.
• it exempts from the general<00:12:32.199><c> excise</c><00:12:32.760><c> tax</c><00:12:33.360><c> gross
• </c><00:12:33.839><c> receipts</c> general excise tax gross receipts general excise tax gross receipts

Committee: Senate Health and Human Services

Summary: The Health and Human Services Committee heard testimony on several health-related measures, with most of the discussion focused on SB 1419, SB 1494, and SB 1495, which were taken out of order to accommodate ASL/Death Blind Task Force testimony. SB 1419, relating to Act 253 (Session Laws of Hawaii 2023), drew support from the Department of Human Services and the National Federation of the Blind of Hawaii, with testimony emphasizing use of the term “low vision” and support for the program timeline. The committee later recommended passage with amendments, including technical changes and updated appropriation fiscal years, and the motion was adopted unanimously by the members present. SB 1494, concerning hearing aids, drew broad support from disability advocates and others who argued that hearing aids improve health, reduce accidents, and may help reduce dementia risk. Testifiers also urged that the bill define hearing aids as prescription hearing aids rather than including over-the-counter devices, and the Department of the Auditor and Insurance Division raised cost and coverage questions. The committee recommended passage with amendments, changing the coverage approach to optional coverage similar to vision and dental and requesting a sunrise analysis for prescription hearing aids; that recommendation was adopted. SB 1495, which exempts hearing aids from the general excise tax, also received support, while the Attorney General flagged a possible single-subject issue and the Tax Department estimated a potential $1.1 million revenue impact. The committee recommended passage with amendments, including deletion of the challenged language, technical fixes, and noting the revenue estimate; that recommendation was adopted. The committee then moved through additional measures with mostly supportive testimony. SB 1421 on medical records prompted questions about what happens when a solo practitioner dies or closes practice, and the discussion centered on ensuring patients can obtain records, including a proposed amendment requiring a successor provider to send records to the patient’s last known address. SB 1422, dealing with a special fund and vital statistics funding, was supported by the Department of Health, which said the special fund did not meet criteria and that deposits should instead go to the Vital Statistics Improvement Special Fund. SB 1423 on certificate of need exemptions for Department of Health facilities drew support, with discussion of possibly extending exemptions to dialysis and behavioral health/psychiatric services; the Department indicated it would not oppose that change. SB 1424 on credentialing of health care providers also received support, and SB 1425 on the State Emergency Medical Services Committee focused on reducing quorum requirements because many members are active first responders and cannot always attend meetings. The committee also heard support for SB 1426 on emergency medical services, SB 1431 on viral hepatitis, and SB 1433 on harm reduction, with testimony on hepatitis outreach funding and syringe access best practices; for SB 1433, the Department of Health identified a blank in the bill and recommended a six-month period for the syringe-possession exception.

Transcript Highlights:

• if I give you $50,000 today... ...and agreed to pay me back over a certain amount of time based on gross
• over time, and that's kind of weekly or whenever they choose to access it, so they will suck cash receipts
• Indirectly, if you access that bank account and there are other receipts in there besides business receipts

Bills: HB 12 , HB149 , SB229 , SB1361 , SB1749 , SB1897 , SB2113 , SB2566 , SB2677 , SB1652 , SB2327 , SB2344 , SB2696 , HB12 , HB149

Committee: Senate Business & Commerce

Transcript Highlights:

• This is for a software licensing cost technical adjustment.
• Item four is an adjustment to reduce this preliminary funding by the $117 million, and item three replaces
• receipts.
• receipts.
• And so we would take feedback to be able to adjust the program in future years as needed.” “Okay.

Transcript Highlights:

• ...that we could adjust accordingly.
• Not a lot of cost impact, and it makes it easier to make those adjustments.
• , distribution commodity adjustments, distribution demand, gen and trans demand, trans cost adjustment
• , demand side management cost, purchase cap cost adjustment, CACJ, renewable energy STD adjustment, and
• ... renewable energy STD adjustment, and GRSA.

Transcript Highlights:

• The fiscal note is available, showing indeterminate receipts and expenses and approximately $2 million
• And Gross House Bill in 1941 relates to agriculture.

Summary: The Labor and Commerce committee held its final executive session and took action on several House bills. On ESHB 1155, concerning noncompetition and nonsolicitation agreements, the committee adopted the Stanford striking amendment and then advanced the bill to Rules on a two-pass recommendation; the King amendments on goodwill/ownership interests and specified executives were withdrawn. The committee also advanced SHB 1570, giving non-academic student employees at Western Washington University collective bargaining rights, to Ways and Means, and ESHB 2303, banning employer requests or coercion for employee microchipping, to Rules. SHB 2405, creating a PTSD workers’ compensation treatment pilot program, was sent to Rules, and 2SHB 2479, creating a wage recovery program and account to help advance unpaid wages to low-wage workers, was sent to Ways and Means. The committee also adopted amendments and moved forward several liquor and cannabis-related bills. EHB 1941, dealing with cannabis producer agricultural cooperatives, was amended with the Saldana striking amendment and sent to Rules. HB 1526, allowing snack bar liquor license holders to sell wine by the glass, was amended with a Saldana striking amendment and sent to Rules. ESHB 2476, expanding the theater liquor license to larger theaters and requiring alcohol control plans when minors are allowed, was also sent to Rules. In each case, members noted the bills’ policy goals and, where relevant, the need for further fiscal review or referral to the appropriate committee. During the session, members briefly discussed the policy rationale for the bills, including worker protections, faster recovery of unpaid wages, PTSD treatment access, and support for business investments in theaters. The committee also took a moment at the end of the meeting to thank staff for their work and heard remarks from Senator Conway reflecting on his long service on the committee and the importance of bipartisan labor-management problem solving. All bills reported out were approved subject to signatures, with referrals either to Rules or Ways and Means as noted.

Transcript Highlights:

• We have not been able to adjust very well those food allocations.
• They lost gross state product. They lost revenue also relative to the United States as a whole.
• Well, we've had growth in our tax receipts. So we're taxing people at a lower rate...
• We've had growth in our tax receipts.
• So we don't want to adjust that at all. Right. Okay. So that's what I'm saying.

Committees: House Commerce , House Commerce, Consumer Protection, Energy and the Environment

Summary: The Commerce Committee held a public hearing on H.J.R. 174 and then H.J.R. 173, both constitutional resolutions sponsored by Speaker Patterson and described as steps toward modernizing Missouri’s tax system by eliminating the state individual income tax and broadening sales taxes. Patterson argued the current tax structure is outdated, said the proposal would let voters decide whether to move forward, and emphasized that future legislation would set the details and guardrails. He and supporters said the plan would increase disposable income, attract businesses and residents, and could help lower property and personal property taxes by directing broader sales-tax revenue to local governments. Committee members pressed him on whether the proposal was too open-ended, whether it could raise taxes on goods and services, and how it would affect schools, seniors, and low-income Missourians. Patterson repeatedly said the next General Assembly would decide exemptions and rates, and that the bill was only the first step. Opponents, including the Missouri Budget Project, AARP, the Missouri Association of Realtors, the Consumers Council of Missouri, and trial and defense lawyers, warned the proposal would shift the tax burden onto lower- and middle-income residents, seniors, and people who rely on services. They argued that broadening sales taxes would likely make the tax code more regressive, raise consumer costs, and create uncertainty because the bill does not spell out exemptions for items such as health care, real estate services, utilities, or legal services. The Missouri Budget Project said its modeling suggested the state could face a large revenue shortfall and that most Missourians would pay more overall. AARP said older Missourians, especially those on fixed incomes, would be hit hardest, while the Realtors and utility advocates focused on the risk of higher housing and energy costs. Legal-services witnesses said taxing professional services would raise client costs and add administrative complexity. Supporters countered that Missouri’s current system disadvantages wage earners and does not reflect modern commerce, especially digital and service-based transactions. Witnesses in favor included economists, business owners, tax-reform advocates, and former lawmakers, who said income taxes do the most damage to growth, that states without income taxes tend to attract people and investment, and that Missouri needs a more competitive tax environment to keep and attract younger workers and entrepreneurs. Some supporters also said the proposal could help reduce property taxes and broaden the tax base to include out-of-state consumers and online commerce. The committee heard testimony from both sides but took no final vote in the portion provided; the chair limited testimony and questions to three minutes each and then moved from H.J.R. 174 to the identical H.J.R. 173 for additional testimony.

Transcript Highlights:

• Any applicant, upon receipt of an agency disapproval under subsection A, may submit a written appeal
• upon receipt of an agency<03:10:18.800><c> disapproval</c><03:10:19.279><c> under</c><03:10:19.520><
• </c> tax receipt tax receipt to<03:47:17.600><c> designate</c><03:47:18.239><c> a</c><03:47:18.720><c
• The legally authorized officer or agent responsible for receipt and disbursement of the revenues of a
• All tax increments received for a tax increment district, upon receipt by the local finance officer,

Summary: The meeting included a Senate recognition ceremony honoring the Winona High School boys basketball team for winning the 2026 Alabama High School Athletic Association 5A state championship. A resolution was read commending the team for its 101-40 victory over Silicag, noting the team’s record-setting performance, Brendan Davis’s MVP honor, the contributions of other players, and Coach Cedric Lane’s leadership. Senators and the lieutenant governor praised the players’ sportsmanship, the school community, and the team’s historic season, and copies of the resolution were presented to the team, coaches, and administrators. Several guests and school representatives also spoke briefly, including the coach and principal, who thanked the Senate and noted the team’s success and the principal’s retirement after 35 years. After the recognition, the Senate returned to session and adopted the Committee on Rules report setting the special order calendar. The calendar included Senate Bill 99 on the Ten Commandments, Senate Bill 298 on Class 3 municipalities, House Bill 381 on camp safety, Senate Bill 370 on tax increment districts, Senate Bill 363 on the Department of Economic and Community Affairs, House Bill 466 on firefighters, House Bill 95 on elections, House Bill 259 on stablecoin, and Senate Bill 342 on education. The chamber then took up SB 99, sponsored by Senators Kelly and Sessions. Senator Kelly described the bill as requiring local school boards to display the Ten Commandments, together with founding documents such as the Declaration of Independence, Constitution, Bill of Rights, and Alabama Constitution preamble, in certain history classrooms and common areas for grades five through 12, using donated displays and funds when available. He said the bill was intended as a historical and educational measure, not religious instruction, and emphasized the inclusion of a disclaimer stating Alabama is not establishing a religion. After extended debate and a petition to close debate from the Rules Committee, the Senate voted on the bill by long roll and passed SB 99, with the recorded vote announced as 30 yeas and 4 nays.

Transcript Highlights:

• deliver a disclosure packet to a purchaser or a purchaser's designated agent within 10 days after receipt
• , at 1:56 p.m. requires a COA or HOA to electronically transmit or deliver a disclosure packet on receipt
• I just like to adjust a couple things I heard real quick, and I'll leave you with one thought.
• The strike-everything amendment prevents municipalities from adjusting other funding mechanisms like
• These rate adjustments are not discretionary.

Committee: Senate Senate Government Committee of Reference

Summary: The committee approved the minutes from the prior February meetings and then took up several measures. HCR 2013, designating June 2026 as “Celebrate Life Month” in Arizona, drew emotional testimony from Crystal Cooper and Bella Stockton about their lives with spina bifida and support for the resolution. Senator Kennedy and others questioned the purpose of the resolution, arguing the state should focus on concrete supports for families, but the motion passed 4-1 with two not voting. Members then advanced HB 2327, which clarifies protections for eligible persons’ identifying information in county recorder records, with an amendment excluding voter registration records; it passed 5-0 with two not voting. HB 2258, adding La Paz County to the Tourism Advisory Council’s geographic area, also passed unanimously among those voting. HB 2397, expanding HOA/COA disclosure requirements for prospective buyers, was amended twice and passed 5-1; supporters said it would improve transparency about assessments and defects, while opponents warned about cost and administrative burdens, especially for smaller associations. HB 2015, imposing penalties for late federal/state financial reporting by state organizations, passed 4-2 despite concerns that the automatic penalties were too harsh and could be out of agencies’ control. The committee also approved HB 4049, allowing DCS to hire its own counsel and directing the Attorney General to represent the state’s interest in certain cases involving alleged DCS misconduct, though some members argued current law already addresses conflicts and that DCS had not been consulted. HB 4087, authorizing placement of a Barbara Love memorial in the governmental wall, passed without opposition. HB 2100, allowing counties to authorize certain small land subdivisions, passed 4-2 amid debate over water adequacy and the risk of “wildcat” development. HB 2460, preempting local fees and penalties tied to abandoned or stolen movable business property such as shopping carts, passed 4-2 after extensive testimony from cities, retailers, and advocates over local control, costs, and theft prevention. Finally, HCR 2056, a proposed constitutional amendment recognizing a right to refuse medical mandates, began hearing testimony; supporters framed it as bodily autonomy, while opponents, including pediatric and public health advocates, warned it would weaken vaccine requirements and outbreak protections for schools and children.