Transcript Highlights:

• They are licensed either to a Native tribe, a community itself, or a college, school, or university.
• <00:52:48.200> tribe<00:52:48.799> a<00:52:48.960> community either to a native
• tribe a community either to a native tribe a community itself<00:52:50.200> or<00:52:50.400><
• This is Minnesota Native News. I'm Murray Rock.
• <00:57:03.720> news drafted this is Minnesota native news drafted this is Minnesota native

Bills: HF1679, HF1019, HF2321, HF1740, HF2278

Keywords: public television, funding, grants, arts and culture, Minnesota, Minnesota Public Radio, arts education, cultural heritage, community engagement, public radio, community radio, educational grants, community cable, public access, programming funding, civic engagement, ethnic media, public access television, Minnesota Humanities Center, funding appropriation

Transcript Highlights:

• That is a frustrating new reality for MIGA tribes who stand by their commitment to offer the activity
• That is a frustrating new reality for MIGA tribes who stand by their commitment to offer the activity
• I also want to mention for the first time that we have made a promise to our Native American tribes that
• <01:23:13.280> American<01:23:13.720> tribes promise to our Native American tribes
• promise to our Native American tribes that<01:23:14.280> we<01:23:14.400> would<01:23:14.560

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• genealogical significance to native genealogical significance to native Hawaiians.<00:14:49.640>
• consultation process with native consultation process with native Hawaiians.<00:15:16.720> Condemnation
• <00:15:20.480> Hawaiians<00:15:21.240> and consult with native Hawaiians and consult
• with native Hawaiians and circumvent<00:15:21.920> the<00:15:22.040> state's<00:15:22.360
• in the National Defense Authorization Act that was passed by Congress, OHA is named as one of the Native

Bills: SCR56, SCR25, SCR79, SCR179, SCR181, SCR182, SR54, SR22, SR81, SR174, SR176, SR177

Keywords: lifeguards, first responders, public safety, ocean safety, emergency response, community wellbeing, Pohakuloa, condemnation, federal government, land sovereignty, Hawaii, native Hawaiians, public trust land, invasive species, octocoral, Pearl Harbor, environment, Navy responsibility, marine ecosystem, ecosystem preservation

Summary: The committee first heard SCR 56 and SR 54, which recognize open water lifeguards as first responders and acknowledge their role in emergency response and public safety. Testifiers from the Hawaiian Lifeguard Association, Hawaii Water Safety Coalition, Honolulu and Kauai Ocean Safety, and a junior guard all strongly supported the resolutions, describing lifeguards as often first on scene for drownings, cardiac arrest, spinal injuries, flooding rescues, and other emergencies. Several speakers said formal recognition would better reflect the work lifeguards already do and could improve training, support services, pay equity, and access to benefits such as retirement and trauma resources. Members asked about what legal or administrative changes would follow, and the discussion suggested the resolutions were a first step toward broader recognition and related policy changes. The committee then took up SCR 25 and SR 22, opposing federal condemnation or threats of condemnation to take control of Pohakuloa and other state land. The Office of Hawaiian Affairs supported the resolutions, saying Pohakuloa has deep historical, cultural, genealogical, and ecological significance and that any future decisions should go through existing state legal processes with meaningful consultation with Native Hawaiians. Members discussed the role of the governor’s advisory process, the need to follow DLNR/BLNR procedures, and concerns about environmental and health violations at the site. The committee also noted 14 written testimonies in support. Next, the committee heard SCR 79 and SR 81, urging the U.S. Navy to take responsibility for eradicating octocoral and other invasive species in Pearl Harbor waters, including West, Middle, and East Loch. DLNR supported the resolutions, and testimony focused on the spread of invasive coral, the difficulty of eradication, and the limited access state agencies have inside Pearl Harbor. Members raised concerns about contamination, responsibility for the problem, and whether the Navy should fund or carry out the cleanup; DLNR said it could not speak to broader contamination issues but supported the resolution as a way to encourage action. The committee then began discussion of SCR 179 and SR 174, which urge Maui County to enforce fire code provisions on brush clearance, fuel breaks, roadside vegetation clearing, and emergency access, with written support noted from Aloha Independent Living Hawaii.

Transcript Highlights:

• Native Hawaiian Legal Corporation in support.
• Native Hawaiian Legal Corporation in support.
• Native Hawaiian Legal Corporation in support.
• Native Hawaiian Legal Corporation in support.
• Native Hawaiian Legal Corporation in support.

Bills: HB2611, HB2102, HB1710, HB1868, HB1920, HB1812, HB1733, HB1715, HB1723, HB1724, HB1727, HB1711

Keywords: HB2611, Hawaii antitrust, rental housing, rent price-fixing, algorithmic pricing, algorithmic rent-setting, property management software, pricing algorithms, rent coordination, price-fixing, collusion, cartel, multifamily housing, landlord software, occupancy levels, lease terms, Attorney General, public education program, consumer protection, housing affordability

Summary: The committee first took up HB 2611, which would prohibit algorithmic price-setting in Hawaii’s rental market, require public education by the Attorney General, and establish fines and penalties. The Department of the Attorney General opposed the bill, saying its language was too unclear and could expose landlords and agents to criminal and civil liability for ordinary rent-setting practices based on public information or assistance from property professionals. Members asked about antitrust standards, tacit agreement, and whether using county-published affordable-rent schedules would be unlawful; the AG said that would not be unlawful if based on public information and without collusion. Testimony was mixed, with the chair noting support from the Hawaii Civil Rights Commission, Hawaii Realtors with comments, 50501 Hawaii and General Strike Hawaii, Haloha Project, 13 individuals, and one opponent. The committee then heard HB 2102, which clarifies that residential projects involving ground disturbance in high-risk areas remain subject to state historic preservation review and removes an exemption for lands presumed nominally sensitive. The Office of Planning and Sustainable Development and the Department of Planning and Permitting supported the measure, saying it would improve clarity and ensure review focuses on projects most likely to affect historic properties or iwi kupuna, while also urging language refinements to better define sensitive sandy-soil areas and balance preservation with housing timelines. NAP Hawaii opposed the bill, arguing it would undo progress made last session and that the current process already includes protections for inadvertent discoveries and efficiency for lower-risk areas. The Office of Hawaiian Affairs strongly supported HB 2102, explaining it was responding to beneficiary complaints about late-added language in last year’s law and saying the nominally sensitive-area language should be removed because it was adopted without sufficient stakeholder input and could be harmful to iwi kupuna protections. Native Hawaiian Legal Corporation and several individuals also supported the bill. Committee discussion focused on how “nominally sensitive” areas are determined, whether project proponents could self-certify areas as exempt, and how high-density residential projects should be treated; SHPD said it uses survey and monitoring data to map sensitivity, that highly sensitive areas like Kīauea are not nominally sensitive, and that some high-density projects should remain exempt if they do not involve new ground disturbance. The hearing included no final vote in the portion provided, but the chair noted 48 individuals in support and continued questioning on the bill’s definitions and implementation.

Transcript Highlights:

• Tribes are working hard to restore them and to make sure manoomin is still here for our children and
• Right now tribes are working to bring back a relative that is struggling to survive.
• Tribes are working They are struggling.
• but we are sister tribes with Red Lake. but we are sister tribes with Red Lake.
• <00:33:23.039> to been talking with a couple of tribes to been talking with a couple of tribes

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• Also, one of the worst disparities we have in our state is that of Black maternal health and Native maternal
• Also, one of the worst disparities we have in our state is that of Black maternal health and Native maternal
• Seven states and five tribes are now fully approved to implement this flexibility, and all states are
• 00:37:24.319> seven<00:37:24.760> states<00:37:25.280> five<00:37:25.560> tribes
• <00:37:25.920> are up quicker seven states five tribes are up quicker seven states five tribes

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Most constituent concentrations in CCB leachate are comparable to those of native groundwater.
• What is the state going to do when and if the tribes oppose uranium mining in TCP? Mr. Chair. Mr.
• That's not always the case, but in the case of Sevilleta, we did reach out to the tribes and did not
• We are doing collaborative consultation with the tribes, and I can give you an example.
• It's not necessarily that any of the tribes can come forward and say we do or don't want this, because

Transcript Highlights:

• The hope is that tribes and growers and the community can come together and really see...
• How will those funds be allocated among the different tribes in the state? Is it competitive?
• for all tribes within the state.
• . projects or open up for a competitive process among the tribes.
• and the Yurok Tribe.

Keywords: 988, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• For years, California tribes, along with state and local partners, have worked tirelessly to develop
• Native Americans have been managing our forests with fire for thousands of years.
• AB 2187 would add California's federally recognized tribes and their tribally owned business enterprises
• California's tribes possess a deep wealth of ecological knowledge that has been passed down from generation
• California's tribes possess a deep wealth of ecological knowledge that has been passed down from generation

Summary: The Assembly convened, initially lacked a quorum, then completed the roll call and prayer, adopted routine procedural motions, and moved through the daily file with many bills passed and retained or passed outright. Early measures included AB 2417 on community college faculty retirement information, AB 1579 expanding the Children’s Crisis Pilot Program, AB 2041 on emergency medical services reporting, AB 1547 on a UC medical school feasibility study in Kern County, and AB 1552 directing higher education segments to report on civic engagement and democracy education. The body also took up SB 73, an urgency elections-security bill, where supporters argued it would protect ballots, voting systems, and election workers from interference, while opponents said it could be unconstitutional, partisan, and overly restrictive of local and federal investigations. SB 73 passed with urgency and immediate transmittal to the Senate. The Assembly then approved a long series of policy bills, many with unanimous or near-unanimous votes, including AB 1554 on California Earthquake Authority transparency, AB 1584 on civil rights duties at the Air Resources Board, AB 1592 on the California Indian Cultural Center, AB 1629 on direct payment to dentists, AB 1645 on prison visitation physical-contact rules, AB 1688 on foster care notice and accountability, AB 1699 on prescribed and cultural burns, AB 1738 on virtual final inspections for single-family homes, AB 1741 on charging sexual battery during a residential break-in as a wobbler, AB 1802 on mitigation lands endowments, AB 1813 on community renewable energy program changes, AB 1899 creating a youth homelessness prevention office, AB 1904 on a credentialing apprenticeship program, AB 1941 on organized metal theft, AB 2043 on drone-attack prevention for mass gatherings and critical infrastructure, AB 2054 on paid family leave for military relatives, AB 2081 on home-based Medi-Cal care, AB 2116 on predatory lending, AB 2122 limiting bench warrants for vehicle-code infractions, AB 2176 on student housing coordination, AB 2187 on tribal public-contract exemptions, AB 2221 on charitable fundraising processing deadlines, AB 2232 on advance parole hearing reporting, AB 2235 on confidentiality of judges’ home addresses, AB 2250 on cannabis/hemp enforcement cleanup, and AB 2266 on electricity. Most measures were described as support or bipartisan bills and passed with little or no opposition. A few bills drew notable debate or recorded opposition, including AB 1813, AB 2122, and SB 73, though all ultimately passed. After finishing 35 items, the Assembly announced it would return the following week with a much larger file, noted upcoming floor amendment deadlines, and adjourned until Tuesday, May 26 at 1 p.m. A post-adjournment vote change was also recorded, changing Assembly Member Dixon’s vote on AB 2041 from aye to no.

Transcript Highlights:

• For years, California tribes, along with the state and local partners, have worked tirelessly to develop
• Native Americans have been managing our forests with fire for thousands of years.
• AB 2187 would add California's federally recognized tribes and their tribally owned business enterprises
• California's tribes possess a deep wealth of ecological knowledge that has been passed down from generation
• California's tribes possess a deep wealth of ecological knowledge that has been passed down from generation

Keywords: 988, house, all

Summary: The Assembly convened after a quorum call, prayer, and pledge, then moved quickly through a long Third Reading File. Early measures included AB 2417 on community college faculty retirement information, AB 1579 expanding the Children’s Crisis Pilot Program, AB 2041 on EMS compliance reporting, AB 1547 directing a feasibility study for a UC medical school in Kern County, and AB 1552 on civic education and democracy engagement in public higher education. All of these passed, with AB 1547 and SB 73 treated as urgency measures requiring 54 votes. A major floor debate centered on SB 73, an elections security bill presented by Assembly Member Pellerin. Supporters said it would protect ballots, voting systems, and voter data from unlawful seizure or political interference, while opponents argued it could hinder investigations, create constitutional problems, and reduce local law enforcement flexibility. After extended debate, the bill passed 54-16 on both the urgency and the measure, with immediate transmittal to the Senate. Other notable bills passed included AB 1554 on California Earthquake Authority transparency, AB 1584 on civil rights duties at the Air Resources Board, AB 1592 on the California Indian Cultural Center, AB 1629 on direct payment to dentists, AB 1645 on prison visitation contact rules, AB 1688 on foster care notice requirements, AB 1699 on prescribed and cultural burns, AB 1738 on virtual home inspections, AB 1741 on sexual battery during residential break-ins, AB 1802 on mitigation lands, AB 1813 on community renewable energy, AB 1899 creating a youth homelessness office, AB 1904 on teacher apprenticeship credentialing, AB 1941 on organized metal theft, AB 2043 on drone threats to mass gatherings and infrastructure, AB 2054 on paid family leave for military relatives, AB 2122 on bench warrants for infractions, AB 2176 on student housing planning, AB 2187 on tribal contracting exemptions, AB 2221 on charitable fundraising processing deadlines, AB 2232 on parole hearing reporting, AB 2235 on judicial home address confidentiality, AB 2250 on hemp enforcement cleanup, and AB 2266 on electricity. Most measures passed overwhelmingly, many unanimously. A few drew limited opposition, including AB 1552, AB 1584, AB 1813, and AB 2122, but all still passed. The Assembly then retained or passed through the remaining file items, announced upcoming deadlines for floor amendments, and adjourned until the next scheduled session.

Transcript Highlights:

• We have a Native American tribe right next door to the plant, and we work hand in hand with them and
• We have a Native American tribe right next door to the plant, and we work hand in hand with them with
• The partnership the Canadian Nuclear Waste Management Organization has with the First Nations tribe,
• The partnership the Canadian Nuclear Waste Management Organization has with the First Nations tribe,
• Or the tribes? I mean, are we missing something to actually effectuate your suggestion?

Summary: The Advanced Nuclear Energy Committee met to hear a series of presentations on the economics, financing, workforce, and community impacts of advanced nuclear deployment in North Dakota. William Bridge of Nucleon Energy presented the committee’s economic impacts and private-sector financing report, estimating construction and operating job impacts, local spending, and state/local tax effects for hypothetical SMR projects. He said the report assumes first-of-a-kind costs are still high, used a $6 million per megawatt nth-of-a-kind proxy, and estimated peak construction workforces of about 500 for a 200-MW plant and 1,000 for a larger facility, with roughly 100 operating jobs for a 200-MW plant. Committee members questioned security costs, capital cost assumptions, water and transmission siting constraints, and whether the model included fuel and waste; Bridge said the report included initial fuel in capital cost and that waste disposal is funded through existing federal mechanisms. Lori Brady of the Nuclear Energy Institute then outlined national nuclear workforce needs and NEI’s strategic workforce planning efforts. She described declining labor-force participation, retirements, and the need for a much larger future workforce, and said NEI has organized recommendations around career awareness, pipelines, training and qualification, policy support, retention, and nontraditional recruitment. She highlighted tools such as the Nuclear Works career website, the Nuclear Energy Academic Roadmap, the new federal Energy and Natural Resources career cluster, and the Nuclear Uniform Curriculum Program for community colleges. Members asked about AI, timing for training relative to plant development, and whether advanced manufacturing would reduce staffing needs; Brady said AI is not expected to replace workers and that training timelines depend on the specific project and staffing plan. The committee also heard from Gary Yaco, mayor of Red Wing, Minnesota, who described Prairie Island’s role in his community. He said the plant provides a large share of local property tax revenue, supports well-paid jobs, contributes to emergency preparedness funding and training, and is broadly supported by the city despite periodic protests and public concerns. He emphasized the plant’s security, regular drills with local and federal responders, and the absence of problems with dry cask storage. Later, Benton Arnett of NEI discussed the current financing landscape for advanced nuclear, explaining how tax credits, federal loan support, off-take agreements, and new business models are helping projects move forward. He said early projects face high upfront costs and long lead-time procurement, but that investor confidence is improving as federal policy and regulatory streamlining continue. The committee asked about waste funding, comparisons with natural gas, the effect of political shifts on investor confidence, and whether the market will narrow to a few winning technologies; Arnett said the industry is still sorting that out, but expects clearer winners in the late 2020s and early 2030s. The meeting concluded with an introductory presentation from Julie Kazeraki of DOE’s Office of Energy Dominance Financing, who said the office is focused on accelerating nuclear deployment through financing support.

Transcript Highlights:

• > you're<00:27:09.919> depending Rural or metro, whether you're depending on different tribes
• Currently, there are 27 bills before the Senate relating to the tribes, ranging from recognizing Native
• Currently, there are 27 bills before the Senate relating to the tribes, ranging from recognizing Native

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• I'm the Community Response Coordinator for the Coalition to Stop Violence Against Native Women.
• I specialize in Indigenous human rights, including the rights of Native women here in the United States
• My name is Tiffany Heron, Executive Director of the Coalition to Stop Violence Against Native Women.
• And here in New Mexico, up to 88% of victims report their offender was also Native.
• Survivors, especially children, Native women And those from marginalized communities often need years

Bills: SB41, SB33, SB32, SB30

Keywords: sexual crimes, statute of limitations, criminal justice, victim rights, child abuse, individualized treatment, investigational treatment, health care, life-threatening illness, patient rights, physician recommendation, informed consent, human trafficking, sexual exploitation, child protection, prosecution, crime amendments, SB30, induced abortion, abortion reporting

Transcript Highlights:

• closely with our partners in the communities, of course, but also working with stakeholders like our tribes
• So we have relationships, and we're working to build deeper relationships with all 29 federal tribes
• So we just want to emphasize how critical this has been to supporting our Native Indigenous students,
• So we just want to emphasize how critical this has been to supporting our native indigenous students
• The funding, as of 2024, supported over 100 Native American students across all of WSU's campuses to

Summary: The committee held a work session on the state of Washington’s community and technical college system with State Board executive director Nate Humphrey and Tacoma Community College president Ivan Harrell. They described the system’s open-access mission, 34 colleges serving more than 307,000 students, relatively low tuition, enrollment growth over 12 consecutive quarters, and strong outcomes such as more than 46,000 credentials awarded last year. They also highlighted system initiatives including guided pathways, I-BEST, dual enrollment, tribal partnerships, a new program search tool, and six colleges named Aspen Prize finalists. At the same time, they emphasized major challenges: high rates of student food, housing, and homelessness insecurity; sharply rising emergency aid requests; and federal funding disruptions affecting TANF, BFET, adult basic education, Carl Perkins, NOAA-related tribal work, and several federal grants. Members asked about SNAP impacts, declining high school graduates, and how BFET and TANF interact with other aid programs. The presenters also discussed system priorities such as AI, Workforce Pell, capital planning, nursing accreditation alignment, and the Washington College Grant. The committee then heard testimony from AFT Washington and the Washington Association of Higher Education on faculty and staff conditions in the community and technical college system. Jackie Kane and Suzanne Sutherland argued that classified staff, professional staff, and contingent faculty are essential to student success but face low pay, instability, and weak retention, and they urged lawmakers to protect existing funding and avoid further cuts. They said working conditions for faculty and staff are student learning conditions, and that underfunding leads to reduced services, shortened advising, and program instability. Marina Parr of the Workforce Board presented on federal H.R. 1’s new Workforce Pell provisions and the updated Career Bridge website. She explained that Workforce Pell would allow federal aid for short-term training programs of 8 to 15 weeks, with high completion, employment, and earnings thresholds and a requirement that credentials be stackable and portable. She said Washington is well positioned to implement the program because of its existing eligible training provider evaluation system and Career Bridge, which now has a redesigned public portal, digital portfolios, multilingual access, and performance data on programs. Members asked about rulemaking, possible gaps in state services, and how the wage and completion standards would be applied. The Washington Student Achievement Council then briefed the committee on the new Washington Completes FAFSA campaign created by executive order. Staff described an advisory board with statewide representation, a pilot that used microgrants and other supports at 25 priority schools, and a new goal of 46,000 FAFSA or WASFA completions this year. They reported that completion rates were tracking slightly ahead of last year, with 24% of high school seniors having completed a FAFSA by the end of November, and they showcased a public dashboard with subgroup data and a WIAA-based leaderboard. Members asked about outreach to rural and homeschool students, legislative communications, Pierce County representation, and barriers to FAFSA completion, and staff said they would provide toolkits and continue expanding outreach. The committee then began hearing from student presenters about affordability, access, equity, and student experience.

Transcript Highlights:

• We are going out to Nations, Pueblos, and Tribes.
• We're having more consistent communication with Nations, Pueblos, and Tribes.
• the nations, Pueblos, and tribes to try to get the funding spent down.
• that some of the larger tribes do, or even small municipalities.
• They just provide upfront money, and the tribes spend it.

Transcript Highlights:

• I'm a fourth-generation native Arizonan, and I love this state.
• Would those dollars go back to the tribes?
• Because I would rather... ...I would rather have it travel directly back to the tribe because that's
• However, if it's owned by a non-member of the tribe, then the state would recapture that money.
• as mentioned, the tribe would keep it.

Bills: HB2003, HB2057, HB2109, HB2111, HB2112, HB2114, HB2256, HB2259, HB2317, HB2323, HB2398, HB2443, HB2446, HB2574

Keywords: driver education, instruction permit, underage drivers, motorcycle licenses, traffic regulations, special plates, centennial, Arizona Department of Transportation, vehicle registration, commercial discounts, Arizona Centennial, distracted driving, portable wireless communication devices, motorcycles, traffic safety, civil penalties, driver license, examinations, motorcycle awareness, public safety

Summary: The committee heard a presentation from New Core Steel on its Arizona operations, emphasizing its Kingman facility, recycled-scrap steel production, high-paying jobs, safety improvements, veteran hiring, community investments, and support for infrastructure projects. Members asked about safety gains, expansion plans, scrap sources, and average pay. The company said it has invested heavily in Arizona and asked legislators to consider local steel and manufacturing when funding transportation and infrastructure projects. The committee then took up several bills. HB 2574 would delay ADOT enforcement of a traffic judgment while an appeal is pending; the sponsor and a witness said it would close a due-process gap, and it passed 7-0. HB 2057 would lower the fee for Arizona Centennial special plates for fleet vehicles to encourage more purchases supporting the Arizona Mining, Mineral, Natural Resource Education Museum; it also passed 7-0 after discussion about possibly expanding the concept to other specialty plates. HB 2109 would raise penalties for repeat distracted-driving violations and add an enhanced penalty when a violation results in a motorcycle crash. The sponsor and motorcycle advocates argued stronger fines are needed, but several members also wanted an education component; the committee agreed to work on a COW amendment and the bill passed 7-0. HB 2317, which would bar local governments from prohibiting cruising, drew strong testimony both for and against: supporters framed cruising as cultural and historical, while opponents from neighborhoods and law enforcement described congestion, blocked streets, sanitation issues, and safety concerns. The chair held the bill for further work. The committee also heard HB 2003, which would lower the age to get an instruction permit to 15 and extend permit periods and supervised-driving requirements; the sponsor and a motorcycle advocate said more supervised time would improve teen safety, while some members expressed concern about lowering the age and wanted to discuss changes before moving it forward.

Transcript Highlights:

• Did some 94142 things and uh did some we did a lot of funding together and worked a lot with the Native
• of it, including The 80 to 20% split between 80% of the allocation-based awards being given to all tribes
• show the breakdown of that 80/20 split and the funding that can be expected to be allocated to the tribes
• you'll see increases for all students, but specifically for Hispanic students, English learners, uh, Native

Transcript Highlights:

• years ago, we had a good example in the Scandinavian area; there's a minority population of nomadic tribes
• These tribes and groups exist all over the world.
• it's a great idea because instead of giving a grant for two thousand dollars to, I'm going to use my native
• I'm going through this, in 1852, it talks about the French Canadians, the Swiss, the Germans, the Native

Transcript Highlights:

• Do we know how much tribal collaboration there was with Tribes, Nations, and Pueblos?
• Especially when we talk about some of our tribes, the Pueblo, the reservation, and two counties.
• But also, our urban Native Americans that are not on the reservation still have a voice because we border
• The Native American population has the highest rates in many categories.

Transcript Highlights:

• I'm Native, and so that was one of the things I wanted to bring up: okay, we have a lot of individuals
• United States, and I should have said, we're talking North Dakota, South Dakota, West, including Alaska
• So that's South Dakota, North Dakota, Utah, Arizona, California, Oregon, Washington, Hawaii, Alaska,