Transcript Highlights:

• I think there is uncertainty regarding the Department of Education, but that is exactly you know, Wes
• Goals of the Texas Commission on Fire Protection are education, training, and information for the fire
• The education and training standards, we developed credentials requirements for personnel that were for
• And you can keep track of it and you may be able to stabilize the individual that are no longer in crisis
• Education and communication is the key. to any sound decision that we make throughout here.

Keywords: 1184, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• So these updates enhance transparency, reduce red tape, and ensure long-term stability for renters.
• And a lot of professional, uh, field that require this continuing education. And what you propose.
• Recognizing the need for a formal organization to provide educational programs for county officials,
• This legislative session we all value education and you guys are going to spend a lot of time talking
• about education, mainly about the education of kids, but I am here today to talk about the education

Bills: HB148, HB203, HJR30

Keywords: HB 148, Texas Education Code, Texas Education Agency, TEA, artificial intelligence, AI, machine learning, automated scoring, constructed response, open-ended answers, student assessments, state testing, standardized tests, public schools, education policy, assessment instruments, school accountability, test scoring, 2026-2027 school year, ad valorem tax

Transcript Highlights:

• We have the education to call it Boise, and not Boise.
• We've We have the education to call it Boise, and not Boise.
• Health systems, and we want to ensure that we're growing the health workforce, we're stabilizing providers
• To be involved in providing additional education.
• Working through how we're going to flow out the GME funds with State Board of Education.

Summary: The Rural Health Transformation Committee met with a quorum and approved the April 22 minutes. CMS officials Kate Sapra and Jonathan Jones joined as part of Idaho’s site visit and gave an overview of the federal Rural Health Transformation Program, describing it as a $50 billion, five-year cooperative agreement with all 50 states approved. Sapra emphasized CMS’s close oversight, annual rescoring, reporting requirements, and the need for states to obligate funds by October 30 and spend them by the following September, with unspent or unallowable funds subject to recovery. She said the first year will focus mainly on implementation milestones, with outcomes becoming more important in later years. Department of Health and Welfare Director Juliet Sharon then reviewed Idaho’s first round of year-one funding opportunities and the proposed review process. She said the department is moving quickly to post initial solicitations in June, using both full RFPs and sub-grants depending on the type of project. Early priorities include structural and administrative contracts, data and evaluation support, provider recruitment and retention administration, needs assessments, technology and infrastructure investments, transportation, and service-oriented sub-awards such as EMS, maternal and child health, behavioral health, and chronic disease prevention. Committee members asked for more detail on KPIs and requested access to the underlying RFP documents through SharePoint. Members also asked about reimbursement versus upfront funding, multi-year projects, minor renovations, and whether funds could be shifted between categories. CMS said funds cannot supplant existing financing, but states may structure awards to provide upfront funding if allowed under state procurement rules; it also said minor renovations are defined through CMS guidance and FAQs, not a strict federal definition. Sharon and Sapra said year-one category allocations would be difficult to change significantly, though adjustments may be possible later with CMS approval. The committee agreed to continue sending feedback through the co-chairs and set the next meeting for July 15, with the meeting adjourned afterward.

Transcript Highlights:

• helps close a vital gap for our California Community College professors and staff by making sure educators
• Faculty, including part-time faculty, play a critical role in educating and enriching our communities
• These individuals may be less familiar with retirement options available to them as educators, including
• Assembly Bill 1552 by Assembly Member Jackson, relating to public post-secondary education. Dr.
• AB 1552 requires the public higher education segments to report recommendations to the Legislature on

Summary: The Assembly convened, initially lacked a quorum, then completed the roll call and prayer, adopted routine procedural motions, and moved through the daily file with many bills passed and retained or passed outright. Early measures included AB 2417 on community college faculty retirement information, AB 1579 expanding the Children’s Crisis Pilot Program, AB 2041 on emergency medical services reporting, AB 1547 on a UC medical school feasibility study in Kern County, and AB 1552 directing higher education segments to report on civic engagement and democracy education. The body also took up SB 73, an urgency elections-security bill, where supporters argued it would protect ballots, voting systems, and election workers from interference, while opponents said it could be unconstitutional, partisan, and overly restrictive of local and federal investigations. SB 73 passed with urgency and immediate transmittal to the Senate. The Assembly then approved a long series of policy bills, many with unanimous or near-unanimous votes, including AB 1554 on California Earthquake Authority transparency, AB 1584 on civil rights duties at the Air Resources Board, AB 1592 on the California Indian Cultural Center, AB 1629 on direct payment to dentists, AB 1645 on prison visitation physical-contact rules, AB 1688 on foster care notice and accountability, AB 1699 on prescribed and cultural burns, AB 1738 on virtual final inspections for single-family homes, AB 1741 on charging sexual battery during a residential break-in as a wobbler, AB 1802 on mitigation lands endowments, AB 1813 on community renewable energy program changes, AB 1899 creating a youth homelessness prevention office, AB 1904 on a credentialing apprenticeship program, AB 1941 on organized metal theft, AB 2043 on drone-attack prevention for mass gatherings and critical infrastructure, AB 2054 on paid family leave for military relatives, AB 2081 on home-based Medi-Cal care, AB 2116 on predatory lending, AB 2122 limiting bench warrants for vehicle-code infractions, AB 2176 on student housing coordination, AB 2187 on tribal public-contract exemptions, AB 2221 on charitable fundraising processing deadlines, AB 2232 on advance parole hearing reporting, AB 2235 on confidentiality of judges’ home addresses, AB 2250 on cannabis/hemp enforcement cleanup, and AB 2266 on electricity. Most measures were described as support or bipartisan bills and passed with little or no opposition. A few bills drew notable debate or recorded opposition, including AB 1813, AB 2122, and SB 73, though all ultimately passed. After finishing 35 items, the Assembly announced it would return the following week with a much larger file, noted upcoming floor amendment deadlines, and adjourned until Tuesday, May 26 at 1 p.m. A post-adjournment vote change was also recorded, changing Assembly Member Dixon’s vote on AB 2041 from aye to no.

Transcript Highlights:

• He's provided hurricane relief, focused on educating children, with a lot of the work being done in his
• HE'S PROVIDED HURRICANE RELIEF, FOCUSED ON EDUCATING CHILDREN, WITH A LOT OF THE WORK BEING DONE IN HIS
• HE HAS DONE A LOT OF Philanthropy, especially in Puerto Rico, with education and disaster relief.
• They are educators, advocates, entrepreneurs, caregivers, artists, public servants, and more.
• assistance has proved to be a lifeline, keeping a roof over head, a car on the road and providing stability

Keywords: 993, senate, all

Summary: The Senate met on May 4, 2026, approved the prior journal, and then took up a series of resolutions and floor bills. The chamber first adopted a resolution honoring Carlos Beltran on his induction into the Baseball Hall of Fame, with several senators praising his Mets career, athletic achievements, and philanthropy in Puerto Rico. The Senate also adopted resolutions recognizing the 2026 Women of Distinction, including tributes to living honorees and posthumous recognition of Congresswoman Nita Lowey and Dr. Hazel Dukes, and later adopted resolutions commemorating May Day and Panama’s Black Heritage Month. A Queens Chamber of Commerce resolution also prompted extensive remarks celebrating Queens’ diversity, small businesses, immigrant communities, and cultural institutions. On legislation, the Senate recalled two bills from the Assembly and restored them to the third reading calendar by a 62-0 reconsideration vote. The chamber then passed a long list of bills, including measures affecting public health, agriculture and markets, insurance, criminal procedure, public officers, labor, not-for-profit corporations, and executive law. Several bills passed unanimously or near-unanimously, while a few drew recorded opposition, including the environmental conservation bill on animal cruelty and the public health bill on Calendar 840. Supportive floor explanations emphasized animal welfare, protections for abandoned pets, and other public-interest reforms. The Senate also heard brief explanatory remarks on some bills, such as concerns about animals left behind in vacated housing and the treatment of wild animals in traveling circuses. After completing the calendar, the Senate reported no further business and adjourned until Wednesday, May 6, at 3:00 p.m.

Transcript Highlights:

• to rise in support of the amendment today representing Apple of Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak to Education
• The STEM education is critically important to low performing schools in impoverished neighborhoods.
• We're going to take up tab for in Senate Bill 472, and education and correctional facilities for license
• It's work for ifas down at the in Florida Research and Education Center.
• Public safety and economic stability will exit. And with that Mr.

Keywords: 999, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• </c> little ones who are wanting education little ones who are wanting education who<00:06:23.720><c>
• We also expanded the definition of education.
• Education um I don't need I'm not going Education um I don't need I'm not going to<00:28:58.880><c> go
• </c><00:29:02.799><c> but</c> um expanded definition of education but um expanded definition of education
• and that 50% had to be in education and that 50% had to be in child<00:29:10.480><c> development</c>

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• </c> So during testimony to the education So during testimony to the education finance<00:20:45.120><
• </c> and get vetted from to education and get vetted from to education finance.<00:31:58.480><c> That's
• I think it could proceed to Education Finance, and so I would make a motion to move this bill to Education
• of Education has to aggregate that data and report it to the legislature.
• and then the department of education and then the department of education<00:48:10.400><c> has</c><00

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• </c><01:02:33.040><c> Uh,</c> and it has improved our education.
• Uh, and it has improved our education.
• Also, with digital discovery, stability.
• It's a strategic plan to stabilize Kentucky's public defender system.
• It's a strategic plan to stabilize Kentucky's public defender system.

Keywords: Meeting Start: 00:00:00 Roll Call: 00:00:07 26RS BR 8 - AN ACT relating to machine gun conversion devices: 00:01:33 Department of Public Advocacy Update: 00:51:33 26RS BR 126 - AN ACT relating to boating under the influence: 01:23:46 26RS BR 60 - AN ACT relating to grooming: 01:33:23, 958, all

Summary: The committee met with a quorum, approved the August 29 minutes, and then heard testimony on a bill relating to machine gun conversion devices, often described as Glock switches or auto sears. Representative Jason Nemis presented the bill with Louisville police Chief Paul Humphrey and Lt. Drew Fox, arguing the measure would mirror existing federal law, make possession of these devices unlawful under Kentucky law, and give state and local law enforcement authority to seize and prosecute them without relying solely on federal agencies. They said the devices are small aftermarket or 3D-printed parts that convert semi-automatic pistols into fully automatic weapons and emphasized that the bill would not affect lawful gun ownership. The presenters cited rising seizures and public-safety concerns, saying LMPD and Jefferson County seizures increased sharply from 2023 to 2024 and that the average age of possession had dropped. They argued the devices are used offensively, are inaccurate and dangerous, and have been linked to violent crime. Two Alabama legislators, Representatives Philip Ensler and Russell Bedsole, testified in support based on Alabama’s recent enactment of a similar law. They said local police and prosecutors there had been unable to act effectively because the devices were handled mainly by federal authorities, and they described bipartisan support, immediate enactment, and reported confiscations after passage. Members asked about the bill’s penalty level, the source and manufacture of the devices, the scope of the definition of “conversion device,” and whether the bill could create constitutional problems given ongoing federal litigation over machine gun restrictions. The sponsors said the penalty would be a Class C felony and that the bill was intended to cover only the device attached to the firearm, not tools like 3D printers. They acknowledged that if federal machine gun laws were ultimately struck down, the state law would also be unenforceable. Some members supported the bill as common-sense public safety legislation, while Representative Roberts opposed it on Second Amendment grounds, arguing Kentucky should focus on expanding gun rights rather than adding restrictions already covered by federal law.

Transcript Highlights:

• She was willing to work with both political sides of the aisle, had a passion for education.
• She was willing to work with both political sides of the aisle, had a passion for education.
• And then the water project stabilization fund does have a cash balance, and there are $149.6 million,
• So we have to do a lot of education to remind them that we're not even using a fraction of the kind of
• There will be a stability berm constructed on the lower unit in addition to raising the levee one to

Keywords: 908, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Less than two weeks ago, I delivered the state of the state, explaining why education transformation
• is essential, not only for education itself, but for the many other challenges we face.
• And it's helped guide us in every budget we build. education transformation is essential, education transformation
• </c> for education expenses. for education expenses.
• ,</c><00:16:44.720><c> I</c> structural issues in education, I structural issues in education, I propose

Keywords: 927, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• </c> for the um for early care and education. for the um for early care and education.
• . education. education.
• </c> non-personnel, educational, food costs. non-personnel, educational, food costs.
• </c><01:18:02.080><c> SNAP</c><01:18:02.520><c> education</c> is or was SNAP education.
• SNAP education is or was SNAP education.

Keywords: 958, all

Summary: The committee first approved the minutes from its September 24 meeting after a motion and second. It then heard a presentation from New Mexico Early Childhood Education and Care Secretary Elizabeth Gragensky on that state’s early childhood system and planned universal child care rollout. She described how New Mexico consolidated multiple prenatal-to-age-five programs into a cabinet-level department, expanded pre-K to a longer day, and uses a cost model to set reimbursement rates intended to cover true provider costs, including wages, benefits, occupancy, food, and reserves. She also said the state created an Early Childhood Trust Fund and secured a constitutional amendment to dedicate 0.60% of the land grant permanent fund to early care and education, with the department’s budget growing from about $400 million in 2021 to just under $1 billion this year. Gragensky said families can begin applying for universal child care on November 1, with participation voluntary for both families and providers. She reported that New Mexico is aiming to expand capacity by adding 1,000 registered home providers, 120 group homes, and about 55 more centers, supported in part by a $13 million low-interest loan fund and a request for an additional $20 million. She said the state has seen growth in early childhood professionals, including a 64% increase over the last three to four years, and pointed to reported outcomes such as a 21% increase in literacy and a 75% kindergarten readiness rate, while noting that some measures are new and baseline comparisons are still being developed. Members asked about the funding sources, provider profitability, workforce development, and measurable outcomes. Gragensky said the program is designed to support provider sustainability through rates tied to true cost and includes allowances for sick leave, vacation, benefits, and reserves. She also said maternal labor force participation is 10% higher than the national rate and attributed that in part to child care access. The committee then moved to a separate presentation by Department for Community Based Services Commissioner Lisa Dennis and Division of Family Support Director Roger McCann on anticipated cuts to TANF and SNAP, beginning with an overview of TANF as a federal block grant with a fixed annual Kentucky allocation of about $180.7 million.

Transcript Highlights:

• Um, these are educated, intelligent people.
• Um, these are educated, intelligent people.
• In other words, it's not going to affect the stability at all.
• In other words, it's not going to affect the stability at all.
• In other words, it's not going to affect the stability at all.

Bills: HB0098, HB0075, HB0041, HB0101

Keywords: gun control, Second Amendment, constitutional rights, misdemeanor, law enforcement, virtual currency, kiosk, financial institutions, regulation, Wyoming Money Transmitters Act, penalties, death benefits, retirement, survivor support, public safety, guardianship, monitoring, ward protection, financial independence, case management

Bills: SB2054, SB2143, SB2145, SB2400, SB2447, SB2494, SB2723, SB2727, SB3131, HCR187, SCR177, SR172, SCR5, SCR85, SR75, SCR139, SR131, SCR146, SR138, SR84, SCR31, SR27, SCR46, SR45, SCR48, SR47, SCR9, SR11, SCR83, SR73, SCR20, SR17, SCR56, SR54, SCR87, SR79, SCR160, SR151, SCR28, SCR120, SCR129, SR121, SCR71, SR66, SCR147, SR139, SCR79, SCR179, SCR181, SCR182, SCR60, SR81, SR174, SR176, SR177, SCR89, SCR69, SCR74, SR68

Keywords: public safety, Hawaii National Guard, military deployment, governor authority, federal assistance, elections, chief election officer, vacancy, order of succession, election commission, law enforcement, recording rights, private action, civil rights, police accountability, SB2400, seaglider, wing-in-ground craft, wing in ground effect, WIG craft

Transcript Highlights:

• They also stabilize headwaters feeding the Snake River Basin, shaping water security for downstream agricultural
• When families have a steady income, schools strengthen, and communities stabilize.
• Strategic roads, on the other hand, build traditional stability.
• Sustainable tourism and conservation jobs, on the other hand, build long-term stability.

Summary: The Senate State Affairs Committee approved the January 19, 2026 minutes and then considered and passed a temporary and pending rule for the Idaho Public Safety Communications Commission (docket 15-0601-2501). Testimony from Sheriff Andy Creech emphasized that the rule would reduce administrative burden and costs by allowing longer-term contracts for Next Generation 911 equipment and services, helping Idaho modernize degraded legacy 911 systems and improve location accuracy, redundancy, and call routing. The committee also introduced RS 32996, presented by Senator Shippy, which would create a new licensing procedure for “established caterers.” The proposal would allow qualifying caterers operating from a publicly accessible business location and serving at least 50 events per year to obtain liquor licensing for service at catered events, addressing the current limitation that they lack a traditional brick-and-mortar premise for licensing purposes. Senator Harris moved to introduce the bill, and the motion passed. After official business, the committee hosted the American Falls FFA Ag Issues team, which presented a courtroom-style debate on the USDA’s 2025 rescission of the 2001 roadless rule. Students argued both the environmental and tribal concerns tied to preserving roadless forest protections and the opposing case for forest health, wildfire mitigation, economic development, and management flexibility. Committee members praised the students’ preparation and public speaking, asked questions about their research process and views on the issue, and adjourned after the presentation.

Transcript Highlights:

• continue to provide the care and services that our patients need, and provide additional revenue and stability
• additional revenue need um and provide additional revenue um<00:20:37.039><c> and</c><00:20:37.280><c> stability
• </c><00:20:38.080><c> for</c><00:20:38.400><c> the</c><00:20:38.640><c> Medicaid</c> um and stability
• for the Medicaid um and stability for the Medicaid program<00:20:39.440><c> that</c><00:20:39.679><c

Keywords: 928, house, all

Summary: The committee first went into executive session on SB 83, which concerns an elderly, disabled, blind, and deaf property tax exemption reimbursement fund, lottery-related changes, and a voluntary statewide self-exclusion database. Representative Ulery moved to retain the bill, saying more work was needed to make the bill clear. The motion passed 17-0 with three members absent, and SB 83 was retained in committee. The committee then took up SB 249FN, a bill relative to the uncompensated care and Medicaid fund. Representative Ulery offered House Amendment 2025-2465H, which was described as incorporating a recent agreement between the state and hospital parties into state law and setting the stage for future action. Medicaid Director Henry Litman explained that the agreement keeps the Medicaid enhancement tax at 5.4%, uses directed payments rather than traditional DSH payments, and is intended to be budget-neutral for the state while increasing hospital payments through a higher federal match. He also said critical access hospitals would continue under the existing directed-payment approach, and that the agreement includes a mechanism to revisit the arrangement if federal law changes substantially. New Hampshire Hospital Association President Steve Hearn said the association supports the amendment and the bill as amended, calling the settlement fair and beneficial to hospitals and the Medicaid program. The amendment and the subsequent ought-to-pass-as-amended motion both passed 18-0. At the end of the meeting, the chair said the committee had now gone through all of its bills and had retained nine in total, with a future meeting planned in September or October to review retained bills. Members briefly discussed possible future committee of conference work and noted there would be no House session that Thursday. The meeting then adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• education and Statewide education<01:18:32.719><c> property</c><01:18:33.239><c> tax</c> education property
• </c><01:21:26.120><c> in</c> of an adequate education in of an adequate education in Massachusetts<01
• </c> opportunity for an adequate education opportunity for an adequate education and<01:28:16.239><c>
• changes the Statewide education and changes the Statewide education property<01:28:18.960><c> tax</c
• </c> education scholarship um and education education scholarship um and education um<03:47:46.279><c

Keywords: 928, house, all

Summary: The Education Funding Committee met in executive session and first took up HB 193, which limits the maximum credits per course eligible for the Dual and Concurrent Enrollment Program. Representative Ladd said the bill clarifies that eligible courses may not exceed four credits and was requested by the community college system. Representative Earth offered an amendment to make the bill effective on passage, which the committee adopted 18-0. The committee then approved HB 193 as amended by an 18-0 OTPA vote and placed it on the consent calendar. The committee next retained HB 295, concerning School Building Aid program funds, after Representative Spillsbury said the building aid bills were complex and needed more work. The motion to retain passed 18-0, with the chair explaining that retained bills can be revisited later and that related language could be moved among building aid bills. HB 354 was not acted on because the chair said the Department of Education and others had suggested possible changes that should be worked out first. HB 366, another school building aid bill, was also retained 18-0 for the same reasons as HB 295. The committee then considered HB 494, which funds the math learning communities program. Representative Earth offered an amendment to flat-fund the program, reducing the proposed increase by a net $50,000 and keeping funding at current levels for the biennium. After discussion about budget pressures and the program’s role in supporting math instruction and professional development, the amendment passed 18-0, and the bill as amended was approved 18-0 and placed on consent. Finally, the committee took up HB 515, which would repeal charter public school eligibility for state school building aid. Representative Popovici-Muller moved inexpedient to legislate, arguing charter schools should not be treated differently from other public schools, while Representatives Luno and Damon opposed the motion, saying charter schools differ in governance and financial risk and should not receive limited state building aid. The motion failed 10-8, so HB 515 was sent to the regular calendar. The committee assigned Representative Damon to the minority report and Representative Popovici-Muller to the majority report, with a noon deadline the next day. The committee then began HB 716, an appropriation for the dual and concurrent enrollment program. Representative Ladd described the program as a successful affordability measure that saves families money and supports college access. Representative Earth offered an amendment to flat-fund the program at current levels, reducing the proposed increase by $500,000 in each year of the biennium. Shannon Reed of the Community College System said the change could limit enrollment or the number of funded courses, though students could still take additional courses at their own expense. Representative Ladd explained the program’s tuition structure and said the funding would help meet demand; the transcript cuts off before the final vote on HB 716.

Transcript Highlights:

• Education helps us improve how people respond.
• was having an inverse effect on the outcomes in education.
• Our phones rang off the hook in education.
• This is fantastic for the educational process. If Mr.
• That you will have educated your fellow colleagues.

Keywords: 959, house, all

Summary: The House first established a quorum after a quorum call and welcomed special guests, including the Freedom of the Road motorcycle riders and students from Warsaw High School. It then took up House Committee Substitute for House Bill 1855, a reporting bill on Alpha-Gal syndrome. The bill sponsor described the condition as a serious tick-borne allergy that has affected his family and many Missourians, arguing that Missouri needs mandatory reporting and surveillance data to identify hotspots, guide public health outreach, and support research and funding. Supporters from both parties said the bill would improve awareness and data collection, while one member raised concerns about the fiscal note and whether the state would get useful information for the cost. The chamber adopted Amendment 1 to HB 1855, changing the follow-up language from “may” to “shall,” but rejected Amendment 2, which would have required patient consent before lab results were reported into the surveillance system. Opponents of the consent amendment said it would undermine disease surveillance and set a bad precedent for other reportable conditions; supporters argued for privacy and individual choice. After debate, the House adopted the committee substitute as amended and ordered it perfected and printed. The House then considered House Committee Substitute for House Bills 2230 and 2978, a K-5 education measure addressing screen time, cursive, and handwriting. The sponsor said the bill responds to research and parent/teacher concerns about excessive screen use, poor literacy outcomes, and mental health effects, and would create a state focus group to review evidence and make recommendations while leaving districts flexibility. Members discussed carve-outs for special education, English language learners, and virtual school, and adopted an amendment excluding the virtual school program. The House then adopted the substitute as amended and ordered it perfected and printed. Finally, the House took up House Bill 2355, the “Food is Medicine” initiative, which would allow Missouri to use federal funds through 1115 waivers for pilot programs such as medically tailored meals, produce prescriptions, nutrition education, and related supports. Supporters said the program could improve health outcomes, reduce Medicaid spending, and help address food deserts. An amendment adding vitamin therapies and updating a date drew discussion over supplement safety and regulation, but the transcript cuts off before a final vote on that amendment or the bill itself.

Transcript Highlights:

• Teaching our kids about the accurate history helps our educational institutions.
• We pride ourselves on being a state that educates doesn't indoctrinate.
• Educators and researchers would face confusion that is standard everywhere else in the world.
• It simply addresses state... documents and proper education.
• Kathleen Marie: I am the State Education Director for Citizens Defending Freedom speaking in support

Transcript Highlights:

• President, your Judiciary Committee, to whom has been referred Senate Education Committee substitute
• health providers to ensure that I don't believe we're going to move the needle in this state on education
• Care Program to the Early Childhood Education Fund.
• Today with us we have Christine Becker and Robert Becker from Sundance Educational Consulting, and they
• Becker and Robert Becker from Sundance Educational Consulting, and they do a myriad of work on behalf