Transcript Highlights:

• >> So moved. consideration is House File 356. consideration is House File 356.
• </c> amendments to House File 3563. amendments to House File 3563.
• </c> &gt;&gt; I have House File 82. &gt;&gt; I have House File 82.
• </c> testify on House File 82? testify on House File 82?
• </c> on House File 3516. on House File 3516.

Bills: HF3521 , HF3563 , HF82 , HF2689 , HF1794 , HF3544 , HF3516 , HF1752

Committee: House Health Finance and Policy

Transcript Highlights:

• So welcome to House Insurance. Ms. Johnson, please read in House Bill 909.
• Members, this is House Bill 909 by Representative Spell.
• And Representative Beham's bill is House Bill 1151.
• Seeing no objection, House Bill 1196 is reported favorably. Our next bill is House Bill 1176.
• Representative Jordan has moved to defer House Bill 920 to next week and House Bill 1199 also to next

Committee: House Insurance

Summary: The House Insurance Committee met on April 15 and first considered HB 909, which would require commercial health insurance coverage for behavioral health crisis services. Representative Spell and Office of Behavioral Health interim assistant secretary Dr. Holly Howitt described the Louisiana crisis response system, the goal of reducing emergency room and 911 use, and the need to expand provider participation beyond Medicaid. A technical amendment and a stakeholder-driven amendment allowing insurers to require documentation of crisis, medical necessity, and follow-up plan were adopted, and the bill was reported as amended with support cards from several health care and local government entities. The committee then advanced HB 1151, which changes investment limits for domestic insurers, especially life insurers, by capping equity holdings and aligning the rules with solvency concerns. After questions about whether the bill would increase profits at consumers’ expense, the author and Department of Insurance staff explained it was intended to provide guardrails and keep insurers solvent; the bill was reported favorably. HB 1154, dealing with prior authorization for certain generic medications, also received technical and substantive amendments. The bill would generally eliminate prior authorization for non-opioid generics, with a $250 wholesale acquisition cost cap and physician-specialty exceptions; it was reported as amended after support testimony from the Louisiana Dermatological Society and other health groups. HB 869, which sought coverage for injectable drugs used for glucose control or weight loss, prompted extended debate over cost, obesity, and long-term savings. Several members raised concerns about premium increases and the large fiscal note, while the author argued the bill was preventive and could save money over time. Representative Jordan proposed a 25% coverage amendment, but the committee declined to take up the substantive amendment that day, and the bill was voluntarily deferred to the next meeting. Later, the committee reported HB 1196 favorably, clarifying that screening colonoscopies remain screening even if polyps are found, and HB 1176 favorably, restoring Medicare Advantage coverage for certain integrative cancer care services. The committee also heard HB 771, which would have changed Medicare coordination rules for retirees who return to state employment, but staff explained the issue is governed by federal CMS rules and preemption concerns; the bill was voluntarily deferred so the author could review the governing law. HB 751, dealing with term life insurance disclosures, was likewise voluntarily deferred after the author said more work was needed and noted concerns about existing law and consumer understanding. At the end of the meeting, the committee also deferred HB 920 and HB 1199 to the following week and briefly stood at ease before moving on to other business.

Transcript Highlights:

• Chairman and members, Vince Perez, House Ways and Means Research Analyst, House Bill 2290, Vince Perez
• , House Ways and Means Research Analyst: House Bill 2290 specifies that the location of service is not
• We will go to House Bill 2373. We'll have a staff explanation. We will go to House Bill 2373.
• Chairman, members, Connor Sakata, House Majority Ways and Means Research Intern, House Bill 2373 requires
• We will go to House Bill 2373. We'll have a staff explanation. We will go to House Bill 2373.

Bills: HB2143 , HB2273 , HB2290 , HB2373 , HB2784 , HB2794 , HB4037

Committee: House Ways & Means

Transcript Highlights:

• I'm a Senior Policy Advisor with House Democratic Staff. Sorry, Mr. Chair.
• We come to you with concerns and cautions regarding House Bill 2043.
• House Bill 2144 creating child support obligations.
• They were driven to the house with a gun to shoot up that neighborhood, to shoot up that house.
• You have given House Bill 2048 a do pass recommendation. Mr.

Committee: House House Judiciary Committee of Reference

Summary: The Judiciary Committee met with a full roster of members present and heard a series of bills focused largely on criminal law, victims’ rights, and family law. The committee first heard HB 2133, which would require commercial websites distributing sexual material online to verify consent and age for each depicted person, including AI-generated or altered images. Supporters said it would close loopholes in existing revenge-porn and child-exploitation laws, while opponents warned it added more complexity to already lengthy criminal statutes. The bill passed 7-1. The committee then heard HB 2043, expanding felony murder to include unborn children; supporters argued it would close a gap in the homicide statutes, while opponents raised concerns about personhood, reproductive rights, and abortion-related implications. It passed 6-2. HB 2144, allowing child support calculations to begin during pregnancy and limiting pregnancy-related expenses, also passed 6-2 after testimony split between supporters citing parental responsibility and opponents warning about fetal personhood and abortion-related concerns. The committee next considered HB 2126, allowing a venue change in civil actions when a party is employed by the local judicial branch or clerk’s office. The sponsor described it as a fairness and public-confidence measure, and county representatives said they were working on amendments; it passed 7-0 with one member voting present pending amended language. HB 2045, expanding the definition of discharging a weapon from a motor vehicle to include the immediate area around the vehicle, drew testimony about drive-by shootings and concerns about vagueness and overlap with existing homicide laws; it passed 7-1. HB 2046, requiring notice to victims for pre-hearings in annual probation review hearings for certain young sex-offense probationers, passed unanimously. HB 2048, which would limit private process servers from serving certain exclusive-possession orders of protection, prompted debate over victim safety, service delays, and whether private servers were improperly charging fees; it passed 8-0 with one present. The committee also heard HB 2074, as amended, creating a mandatory reporting requirement for medical-facility employees, contractors, or volunteers who know a partial-birth abortion occurred, with the amendment increasing the penalty to a class six felony. Supporters framed it as a reporting and accountability measure, while opponents argued it targeted a procedure already banned and would add unnecessary abortion restrictions. The amended bill passed 5-3. Finally, the committee heard HB 264, creating criminal penalties for injuring or killing vulnerable pedestrians using mobility aids. Opponents said it duplicated existing traffic and homicide laws and could criminalize negligent accidents; after some members expressed reservations but voted yes pending further discussion, the bill passed 8-1. The committee then adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• House Bill 1188 and Dean Zaffirini, House Bill 1188 will be left pending subject to the chair.
• Because the House bill has already moved, we would like to move the House bill in lieu of the Senate
• House Bill 2856 will be left pending. The chair lays out House Bill 3126. Explain the measure.
• Against House Bill 3126.
• We'll open up testimony on House Bill 6, Chair.

Bills: HB 1022 , HB2856 , HB3114 , HJR5 , HB6 , HB 120 , HB210 , HB1458 , HB 1188 , HB3126 , HB6 , HB120 , HB210

Committees: Senate Education , Senate Education K-16

Transcript Highlights:

• I move that the House grant permission for all committees and subcommittees to meet while the House is
• The motion occurs in the passage to engrossment of House Bill 195.
• House Bill 13 is the first step in the process.
• Today is Gabe's 24th anniversary with the Texas House.
• Adopted, the House stands adjourned until 10 a.m. Wednesday.

Bills: HJR4 , HJR6 , HB195 , HB 13 , HB143 , HB135

Transcript Highlights:

• Does anybody in here still have a VCR in their house?
• households. through its affordable housing programs and provide emergency housing, shelter, utility
• We're not constructing the house, we're not picking the site, we're just helping a Texan buy a house
• So you can walk into an inmate housing area and you can ask those individuals that are housed there,
• As far as housing inmates out of state.

Committee: House Intergovernmental Affairs

Transcript Highlights:

• I'm pleased to present House Bill 1995, which is the same bill as Representative Jones's House Bill 2589
• I'm pleased to present House Bill 1995, which is the same bill as Representative Jones's House Bill 2589
• You have adopted the House Committee substitute.
• I now move the House Committee substitute for House Bill 2589 and 1995 be voted do pass.
• House Bill 2589 and 1995 do pass.

Committee: House Government Efficiency

Summary: The Committee on Government Efficiency heard House Bill 1995, sponsored by Representative Irwin, which would reduce Missouri vehicle license plates from two to one per vehicle. Supporters argued it would save the state money, simplify installation for vehicles without front-plate brackets, and align with a “one plate” principle. Representative Irwin said the bill was the same as House Bill 2589, and a public advocate testified in favor, also questioning the fiscal note and saying the Department of Revenue should not need an additional employee. Committee members raised concerns about law enforcement, including plate visibility for radar, FLOCK cameras, identifying vehicles traveling in opposite directions, and possible impacts on stalking cases; one member also suggested a rideshare carve-out. Irwin said he had spoken with the Highway Patrol and FOP, and that the FOP did not object, though the Highway Patrol had concerns. After the hearing, the committee entered executive session and adopted a House Committee Substitute combining HB 1995 and HB 2589. Representative Burton objected to rolling the bills together, saying it limited additional testimony, while others noted the issue had already been heard previously. The substitute was then voted do pass by a roll call vote of 11 ayes, 5 noes, and 1 present. The committee also took up Senate Bill 977 and Senate Bill 1011 in executive session and voted both do pass by a roll call vote of 11 yes and 6 noes.

Transcript Highlights:

• House Resolution 1044 by Crosswhite Hader of the House, a resolution relating to recognizing the month
• Welcome to the People's House. Mr. Floor Leader. Thank you, Madam Chair.
• I just hope you'll welcome them to the House. Welcome to the House. Mr. Floor Leader.
• I ask the House stand at ease. The House will stand at ease. Mr. Floor Leader.
• Welcome to the House. Mr. Floor Leader. Thank you, Madam Speaker.

Bills: SB1636 , SB1772 , SB1221 , SB1932 , SB1687 , SB1213 , SB843 , SB1410 , SB1317 , SB1338 , SB1976 , SB1314 , SB1191 , SB1613 , SB1246 , SB1439 , SB1930 , HR1044

Summary: The House convened, the roll was called, and the chamber proceeded with prayer and the Pledge of Allegiance. The main legislative item taken up was House Resolution 1044, which recognizes April 2026 as National Donate Life Month. Representative Crosswhite Hader presented the resolution and shared a personal story about her son-in-law’s liver transplant and the importance of organ donation. The resolution was adopted by unanimous consent without objection. The House also received several introductions and recognitions. Students from Junior Leadership Lawton-Fort Sill, visitors from Altus Air Force Base for Airspace Day, a guest in the gallery, and 17 reconstructive surgeons visiting from Ukraine through OU Health Sciences Center were welcomed. Representative Roberts introduced the nurse of the day, Denny Wilson Loeber, an OU Health trauma burn nurse and coordinator, and highlighted her work in burn care education and outreach. The chamber presented a special citation honoring the Adair High School 2A2 state champion football team, recognizing its undefeated season, district dominance, and championship win over Vian. Members also made announcements about Autism Day, School Library Month, and School Librarian Day. No contested votes were recorded, and the House adjourned until Thursday, April 2, 2026, at 9:30 a.m.

Transcript Highlights:

• And on our last one, House Bill 433, House Draft 1, Senate Draft 1, relating to public safety.
• Welcome to the members of the House.
• </c><00:05:07.039><c> version</c> we're agreeable to your house version we're agreeable to your house
• May I take the vote for the House? Absolutely. Uh, same recommendation for House conferees. Okay.
• May I take the vote for the House? Absolutely. Uh, same recommendation for House conferees. Okay.

Summary: The joint House and Senate conference committee met on April 17, 2025, and discussed three measures. For SB 88 HD1, relating to the Hawaii National Guard, and SB 1377 SD2 HD1, relating to veteran cemeteries, conferees said proposed conference drafts had been circulated, but both bills still needed WHAM and Finance approval and an effective-date adjustment, so each was rolled over to Monday, April 21, 2025, at 1:30 p.m. in Conference Room 16. For HB 433 HD1 SD1, relating to public safety and re-entry services, members said they were waiting for the budget to close. The Senate indicated it was agreeable to a reporting addition in the Senate draft, and staff would circulate alternate drafts depending on whether an appropriation was included in the final budget. That bill was also held over to April 21 at 1:30 p.m. At the 3:30 p.m. conference, the committee took up SB 1452 SD1 HD2, relating to the Uniform Controlled Substance Act. Conferees agreed to the House version with an effective date of July 1, 2025, and noted no WHAM or Finance referral was needed. The committee then voted unanimously to adopt the proposed conference draft, with Senate and House conferees all voting aye except one excused Senate member, and the bill was reported out successfully.

Transcript Highlights:

• </c> in the House of Representatives. in the House of Representatives.
• Ladies and gentlemen of the house. house. house.
• Um, item number 45, House Bill 1611. 45, House Bill 1611.
• Uh, pass over House Bill item 50, House Bill 1272, and move to item number 51, House Bill 6003, and call
• House Bill 1253. Make the usual motion. House Bill 1253.

Transcript Highlights:

• To continue unlocking affordable and accessible housing, House 2 proposes historic investments in the
• Additionally, House 2 and the supplemental budget, we recognize, Additionally, House 2, in the supplemental
• toward public housing authorities.
• , supportive housing, public housing, right?
• affordable housing in Massachusetts, and still experience an affordable housing crisis.

Committee: Joint Joint Committee on Ways and Means

Summary: The joint budget hearing opened the FY27 budget process with remarks from the Senate and House Ways and Means chairs, who described the fiscal outlook as challenging because of slow revenue growth, rising health care and other costs, and uncertainty from federal policy changes. Governor Healey and Secretary of Administration and Finance Matthew Gorzkowicz then presented House 2, a $62.8 billion budget that they said grows by about 1% and does not raise taxes or fees. They emphasized affordability, fiscal discipline, protection of core services, and continued investment in education, transportation, housing, child care, health care, and public safety. The administration also discussed a separate bill to delay and phase in certain federal tax-code changes from the so-called OB3 law, especially research and experimental expense provisions, to reduce immediate budget impacts and preserve competitiveness. A major portion of the hearing focused on education and municipal aid. The administration said House 2 provides about $7.6 billion for Chapter 70 aid, fully funds the final year of the Student Opportunity Act, increases special education circuit breaker funding, and raises rural school aid. Senators and representatives from both parties raised concerns that Chapter 70 and other aid formulas are not equitable for small, rural, and low-wealth communities and are not keeping pace with inflation, and several called for broader review of the formula and related funding streams. The governor and secretary said they are open to further discussion, pointed to additional support through rural aid, special education, transportation reimbursements, and minimum aid, and said total Student Opportunity Act investment would reach about $2.1 billion over the life of the law. Transportation, housing, and fair share spending were also central topics. The administration said fair share revenues are being used holistically, with education-heavy spending in the operating budget and transportation-heavy spending in the supplemental budget, and estimated the overall split to date at roughly 57% education and 43% transportation. They highlighted MBTA stabilization, regional transit authority support, microtransit, fare-free regional transit, and bridge and commuter rail investments, while noting the MBTA remains a major fiscal concern. On housing, the governor stressed production, permitting reform, ADUs, down-payment assistance, and support for public housing authorities, while lawmakers pressed for more funding for local housing authorities and for ways to address out-migration, energy costs, and affordability. The governor also said the administration will not withhold fire safety grants from communities over MBTA Communities Act noncompliance and will handle such issues case by case. No votes were taken at the hearing; it was an informational presentation and question-and-answer session.

Transcript Highlights:

• Members, we received requests to read two House Concurrent Resolutions that the House and Senate adopted
• </c> today it feels like Topper's house. today it feels like Topper's house.
• Will the former Speaker and House.
• </c> house as well. Thank you, Madam Speaker. house as well. Thank you, Madam Speaker.
• </c> what we do here in the People's House. what we do here in the People's House.

Transcript Highlights:

• The House will be in order.
• </c> &gt;&gt; The House for one minute. &gt;&gt; The House for one minute.
• Debate in this House is down.
• </c> groceries, housing, or healthcare. groceries, housing, or healthcare.
• in the House.

Transcript Highlights:

• </c><00:20:14.039><c> in</c> help uh primarily affordable housing in help uh primarily affordable housing
• </c> on to the next bill on the agenda House on to the next bill on the agenda House Bill<00:52:07.640
• </c> people people in affordable housing people people in affordable housing they're<00:53:50.520><c>
• Um, EAH Housing in support.
• House Bill 340.

Committee: House Energy & Environmental Protection

Summary: The House Committee on Energy and Environmental Protection opened its first hearing of the session and heard testimony on several energy and environmental bills. On HB 470, relating to noise and leaf blowers, the Department of Health supported the bill’s intent to reduce noise pollution but raised concerns about using decibel limits alone and suggested using dBA measurements; testimony also noted the bill would regulate future sales rather than current use, and there were three additional testimonies, two in support and one in opposition. No questions were raised before the committee moved on. The committee then heard HB 742 on transit-oriented development, which would require HCDA to prepare a programmatic EIS for Ewa, Kapalama, and West Oahu improvements. UH supported the bill, HHFDC said it was already preparing a master plan and programmatic EIS for the Ewa area, and HCDA explained that the projects are already underway or completed, including infrastructure work funded by prior appropriations. Supporters said the bill would streamline environmental review and potentially reduce costs for future housing, while HCDA emphasized the work is already in progress. On HB 340, concerning a streamlined grid-ready home interconnection process and related cost recovery, DCCA provided comments, the Attorney General suggested changing a deadline to a specific date, and the PUC said it wanted to study the matter further while still meeting the 180-day reporting requirement. Solar and clean energy groups strongly supported the bill as a way to speed interconnection and advance grid-interactive technologies, while Hawaiian Electric supported the goal of more DERs but opposed the process, saying its interconnection performance has improved and that collaboration would be preferable to legislation. Members asked about newer technologies, UL 1741, and ratepayer impacts, and the Consumer Advocate said removing the cost-recovery section would alleviate its concerns. The committee also heard HB 243, requiring PV- and EV-ready new residential construction, which the Hawaii State Energy Office described as a cost-saving no-brainer because installing these features during construction is much cheaper than retrofitting later. The hearing then shifted to HB 350, expanding the water-heater systems that can satisfy building-permit requirements to include heat pump water heaters alongside solar hot water systems. The Energy Office supported the bill, Solar Ray supported the concept but asked for amendments to align efficiency standards and noted the bill’s removal of a 15-year lifespan limit for solar thermal systems, and Hawaii Solar Energy Association raised questions about how heat pump performance should be measured and whether PV-plus-heat-pump combinations should qualify. Committee members asked about impacts on smaller homes and ADUs, and the discussion remained focused on technical standards and possible amendments; no votes or final actions were taken in the portion provided.

Transcript Highlights:

• We were on House 4507.
• Paper from the House.
• Senate concurs in the House amendment. Paper from the House.
• Paper from the House.
• , House No. 5569, comes from the House passed to be engrossed.

Transcript Highlights:

• Kind of housing in San Francisco.
• gap between housing need and housing provision.
• Tisha Watts with the California Housing Partnership.
• I'm with Housing California.
• The bill is a potential way to increase rental housing supply and moderate housing supply, so that's

Summary: The committee heard and advanced several tax and revenue measures, beginning with SB 1329 on solar property tax assessment. The author and solar industry witnesses argued the bill would create a uniform statewide method, provide certainty for developers, and exclude tax credits and other intangibles from valuation; county assessors and several counties opposed it, saying it would reduce assessed value and depart from market-based appraisal. The bill was moved to Appropriations on a 2-0 vote and placed on call. The committee also heard SB 1406 to close the “Montana tax loophole” used to avoid California vehicle taxes, with support from the California Teachers Association and no registered opposition; it passed 2-0 and was placed on call. SB 984, conforming California law to the federal tipped-income deduction, drew support from the restaurant industry, Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association, and enrolled agents, and passed 3-0 to Appropriations, on call. Later, the committee considered wildfire- and energy-related tax credits. SB 1084 would create a fire-safe home tax credit for home hardening and defensible space improvements; supporters said it would reduce wildfire losses and insurance costs, and it passed 3-0 on call. SB 1118 would provide credits for backup generators and solar battery systems in high fire-threat areas; the author framed it as a resilience measure for households and small businesses, but members raised concerns about cost, diesel use, and whether the credit would reach lower-income households. The bill was moved 1-0 and placed on call, with the chair and other members noting unresolved budget and policy concerns. SB 1424, expanding a partial sales tax exemption to zero-emission vehicle refueling equipment, received support from hydrogen and electric transportation groups and passed 4-0 on call. The committee also advanced SB 1249, a senior tax deduction for taxpayers ages 86 to 90, with support from LeadingAge California and senior advocates; members noted it was narrowly targeted and passed 4-0 on call. SB 1113, conforming California tax law to the federal tonnage tax regime for U.S.-flag international shipping companies, drew support from maritime industry groups and opposition from ILWU over the fiscal impact; it passed 4-0 on call. SB 1137, the Medical Expense Deduction Act, would allow a targeted deduction for medical expenses for lower-income taxpayers; supporters said it would help families facing high out-of-pocket costs, and it passed 4-0 on call. Finally, SB 1415 would extend a partial welfare property tax exemption to mixed-income housing that includes moderate-income units; supporters said it would help finance “missing middle” housing, while assessors and housing stakeholders requested amendments and guardrails. The bill was also moved forward on a committee vote and placed on call.

Transcript Highlights:

• Next up, we do have House Bill 841.
• You have before you House Bill 841, which is a reworking of House Bill 611.
• This is House Bill 898. It's kind of a simple bill.
• We strongly oppose House Bill 898.
• I stand in support of House Bill 898 and appreciate...

Committee: House Business

Transcript Highlights:

• I move that House Bill 2115 and House Bill 1876 be voted do pass. Any discussion?
• I now move that the House Committee substitute for House Bill 2115 and 1876 be voted do pass.
• I now move that the House Committee substitute for House Bill 2776 be voted do pass.
• Yes, and so this is House Bill 1698 and House Bill 2120.
• House Bill 2230 and House Bill 2978. Please proceed when ready, representatives.

Committee: House Elementary and Secondary Education

Transcript Highlights:

• I respectfully urge you to vote against House Bill 2313.
• I'm testifying in opposition to House Bill 2313.
• I'm testifying in opposition to House Bill 2313.
• House Bill 2451 concerns local tax increment financing.
• The bill before you is House Bill 2298.

Summary: The committee first heard HB 2517, which would give regional transit authorities, especially Sound Transit, more flexible permitting tools for high-capacity transit projects. Staff and the bill sponsor said the goal is to let permit applications and technical reviews proceed concurrently with property acquisition and land use decisions, reducing delay and uncertainty for large transit projects. Sound Transit testified that the bill could save as much as nine months, while a city representative from Bothell asked for an amendment requiring notice to property owners before permits are advanced on land not yet owned or controlled by the agency. The committee then took testimony on HB 2313, concerning publicly owned grocery stores in underserved areas. The bill would let cities acquire land, build or rehabilitate stores, seek capital grants, and create tax increment financing areas for grocery access projects, with annual reporting requirements. Supporters, including the sponsor, Food Lifeline, and Northwest Harvest, argued that grocery closures and food deserts are real problems and that local governments need tools to fill gaps when private grocers leave. Opponents, including grocery industry groups and several students, warned that public stores could undercut private grocers, burden taxpayers, and create operational and property-rights concerns; some testimony also questioned the need for government ownership and the use of tax increment financing. A proposed substitute removed eminent domain and tax increment financing provisions and narrowed the bill to grant-funded stores in underserved areas. Next, the committee heard HB 2451, a major rewrite of local tax increment financing rules. The bill would tighten notice, consultation, reporting, and mitigation requirements for TIF areas, strengthen the “but-for” test, limit where increment areas can be located, and protect existing taxing districts by excluding certain levies and requiring negotiation, mediation, or arbitration when impacts are significant. Cities, ports, counties, libraries, fire chiefs, and hospital districts largely described the bill as a negotiated compromise that improves transparency and addresses unintended impacts, though some local governments said they still wanted more flexibility or protections for existing projects. One city testified against the bill, arguing the new restrictions would make TIF much less useful for large redevelopment efforts. The committee then heard HB 2298, which would authorize county auditors to create voluntary property title protection programs to help prevent land-record fraud by allowing owners to record a protection instrument that delays recording of a title transfer for up to five business days unless identity verification is provided. Auditors, treasurers, and county officials strongly supported the bill as a practical response to rising deed fraud, while title and foreclosure industry representatives said the proposal was too limited, could interfere with foreclosures or other transfers, and would only delay—not prevent—fraud. The final bill heard was HB 2566 on local government procurement, which would raise certain small-purchase and small-public-works thresholds for counties, remove some differences between larger and smaller counties, and give counties more options when no bids are received. County representatives supported the bill as a needed update to procurement rules and a way to reduce bureaucracy and keep pace with inflation.