Transcript Highlights:

• </c> infrastructure there is limited infrastructure there is limited We<01:58:01.199><c> haven't</c><
• An inspection shall be limited to B.
• </c> are within the limits prescribed by law. are within the limits prescribed by law.
• ,</c><04:04:00.880><c> public</c> including without limitation, public including without limitation,
• </c> the project plan that are within limits the project plan that are within limits prescribed<04:06

Keywords: 920, all

Summary: The meeting included a Senate recognition ceremony honoring the Winona High School boys basketball team for winning the 2026 Alabama High School Athletic Association 5A state championship. A resolution was read commending the team for its 101-40 victory over Silicag, noting the team’s record-setting performance, Brendan Davis’s MVP honor, the contributions of other players, and Coach Cedric Lane’s leadership. Senators and the lieutenant governor praised the players’ sportsmanship, the school community, and the team’s historic season, and copies of the resolution were presented to the team, coaches, and administrators. Several guests and school representatives also spoke briefly, including the coach and principal, who thanked the Senate and noted the team’s success and the principal’s retirement after 35 years. After the recognition, the Senate returned to session and adopted the Committee on Rules report setting the special order calendar. The calendar included Senate Bill 99 on the Ten Commandments, Senate Bill 298 on Class 3 municipalities, House Bill 381 on camp safety, Senate Bill 370 on tax increment districts, Senate Bill 363 on the Department of Economic and Community Affairs, House Bill 466 on firefighters, House Bill 95 on elections, House Bill 259 on stablecoin, and Senate Bill 342 on education. The chamber then took up SB 99, sponsored by Senators Kelly and Sessions. Senator Kelly described the bill as requiring local school boards to display the Ten Commandments, together with founding documents such as the Declaration of Independence, Constitution, Bill of Rights, and Alabama Constitution preamble, in certain history classrooms and common areas for grades five through 12, using donated displays and funds when available. He said the bill was intended as a historical and educational measure, not religious instruction, and emphasized the inclusion of a disclaimer stating Alabama is not establishing a religion. After extended debate and a petition to close debate from the Rules Committee, the Senate voted on the bill by long roll and passed SB 99, with the recorded vote announced as 30 yeas and 4 nays.

Transcript Highlights:

• Division of Bond Finance to secure a bond to finance the building of the 550-bed inpatient mental health
• But it came in above the bond, and so immediately It came in, but it came in above the bond.
• Currently, the balance of the bond is $145 million.
• But the system has limitations.
• It is aggregated; it is statewide.

Summary: The committee first heard an update from the Florida Department of Corrections on the proposed Lake Correctional Institution mental health project in Clermont. Tim Fitzgerald explained the project’s history, including the 2016 Disability Rights Florida litigation, the 2018 consent decree, and the original plan for a 550-bed inpatient mental health facility. He said inflation and design changes pushed the project above the bond amount, leading the department to shift to a “continuum of care” alternative with 572 beds total: 92 inpatient beds and 480 residential treatment beds in three special housing units. Fitzgerald said the project is currently paused pending House concurrence, while the Senate has already agreed to the alternate plan, and noted the bond balance, prior expenditures, and the need to spend down the tax-exempt bond by August 2026. Members questioned how the new plan differs from the original facility, whether it satisfies the consent decree, and what caused the cost increases. Fitzgerald said the department believes it has already met the consent decree through systemwide improvements to housing, staffing, programming, and out-of-cell time, though he said he would confirm the court documentation. He also said the original scope grew from 275,000 to 350,000 square feet as treatment, nursing, security, and programming needs were refined, and that inflation, fees, permitting, and contingencies contributed to the higher cost. Several members asked for follow-up information on Senate approval, consent decree documentation, and the project’s impact on crisis-stabilization capacity. The committee then received a joint court-system presentation from State Courts Administrator Eric McClure and Clerks Corporation Executive Director Jason Welty on caseload trends, case tracking, and staffing. McClure described statewide filing trends, the use of weighted caseload studies to certify judicial need, and recent Supreme Court rule changes aimed at active civil case management, including differentiated case tracks, stricter deadlines, and proportional discovery. He said the latest workload study led the Supreme Court to certify a need for 23 circuit judges and 25 county judges. Welty reviewed clerk workload trends, the statewide case maintenance and CCIS systems, and declining clerk FTE despite rising case volumes, and said clerks are seeking additional funding for injunctions, Baker Act/Marchman Act/sexually violent predator work, and juror management. In questions, members pressed both presenters on data quality, case-weight calculations, filing fees, and whether current resources are enough to reduce delays. McClure clarified that the workload weights are based on judge time studies and that a capital murder case averaged 3,177 minutes, while other examples such as auto negligence and dissolution cases were much lower. Welty said the Legislature could help by increasing funding or potentially revisiting filing fees, and noted that many clerk services are unfunded or underfunded, especially indigent and protective filings. The chair and members also raised concerns about backlog, inconsistent case reporting across circuits, and enforcement of judicial time standards; McClure said there is no direct sanction in the rules, and compliance is largely managed through chief judges and the Supreme Court. The meeting ended with no votes taken and adjournment by motion.

Transcript Highlights:

• Those providing testimony will be given specific time limits, which must be strictly observed.
• This amount is the 1.5% constitutional limit for that program.
• </c> constitutional limit for that program. constitutional limit for that program.
• We are limited to the bill on the floor.
• Collecting, they can't sell it even if it's aggregated without identifiers?

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• Alternatively, the general obligation bond is a great place to look.
• Bond issuance is an option. Multiple state agencies can do that.
• So it's not a given that bond financing will result in cheap capital.
• Can it cascade down from a bond into a permanent revolving fund if that's consistent with bond rules?
• And there's just, there's limited recourse.

Summary: The committee first heard AB 13, which would restructure the CPUC to increase legislative oversight, add legislative liaisons, require more detailed and timely reporting on rate-setting decisions, and add a public advocate member. The author and supporters argued the bill would improve transparency, accountability, and geographic diversity in CPUC decision-making amid rising utility rates. Witnesses from TURN, San Joaquin County, SDG&E, and former CPUC Commissioner Loretta Lynch offered support or support-in-principle, while no opposition testimony was presented. Members generally praised the bill’s transparency goals, and AB 13 passed 10-0 to Appropriations, with the roll left open for absent members. The committee then adopted the 2025-2026 committee rules and approved three consent items: AB 61, AB 365, and AB 406. The next bill, AB 99, would cap investor-owned utility rate increases above inflation except for specified costs such as safety, modernization, and fuel/commodity costs. The author and supporters, including a representative of the California Senior Legislature, said the bill was needed to protect ratepayers, especially seniors and low-income customers, from repeated rate hikes. Opposition came from utility labor, utilities, the Chamber of Commerce, and others, who argued the bill was too simplistic, could suppress labor costs, and did not account for major cost drivers such as wildfire mitigation, mandates, and net metering. Several members supported moving the bill forward as a starting point on affordability, while others criticized it as overly blunt. AB 99 passed 11-0 to Appropriations, with the roll left open. The hearing then shifted to an informational panel on strategies to reduce California transmission costs. A Public Advocates Office staffer described a growing backlog of approved-but-unbuilt transmission projects, rising transmission access charges, and long project timelines driven largely by utility pre-application and construction periods. Panelists from Net Zero California and consulting firms presented research suggesting that public financing or public-private partnership lease models could reduce transmission costs by lowering financing, tax, and capital costs, with estimated savings of up to 57% and as much as $123 billion over 40 years. PG&E’s representative said the utility is already pursuing federal loan guarantees, grants, and a public-private partnership with Citizens Energy, but warned that state ownership could create tax, wildfire-liability, and governance risks. Members asked about the CPUC’s role, the causes of delays, and whether public financing could complement existing competitive solicitation processes.

Transcript Highlights:

• </c> update on the bond market. update on the bond market.
• Um, this includes all state general obligation bonds, state appropriation bonds, other state agency bonds
• Um, this includes all state general obligation bonds, state appropriation bonds, other state agency bonds
• Um, this includes all state general obligation bonds, state appropriation bonds, other state agency bonds
• </c> benchmark and the upper limit. benchmark and the upper limit.

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• We must have a bonding bill.
• We must have a bonding bill.
• We must have a bonding bill.
• Now, I'll hand it over to Leader Murphy. what local bonding dollars do for the what local bonding dollars
• </c> is spent, and we got to have a bonding is spent, and we got to have a bonding bill<00:08:55.920>

Keywords: 918, senate, all

Summary: Senate leaders and supporters held a press availability focused on passing a state capital investment, or bonding, bill this session. Chair Sandy Pappas said the state has received more than $7 billion in project requests and is pushing for a $1.4 billion bonding package to address infrastructure needs such as clean water, state parks and trails, college and university repairs, sewer capacity for housing growth, and other public facilities. She and other speakers stressed that delaying projects raises costs and that they do not expect a special session, making action before adjournment especially important. Testimony from labor and legislative leaders emphasized the economic benefits of bonding. Anthony Wilkie of SMART Local 10 said public bonding projects create work hours for skilled trades and cited Fraser Hall at the University of Minnesota as an example of a project that employed union members. Senator Nick Frentz argued that bonding supports jobs, especially in greater Minnesota, and highlighted water infrastructure needs, including communities facing manganese contamination and high water rates if they must finance treatment plants alone. Senator Ann Johnson Stewart pointed to PFAS-related water treatment costs in Minnetonka Beach and said she would support higher education and water projects. Majority Leader Erin Murphy said the Senate is working toward the $1.4 billion target, noting the state’s AAA bond rating and the need to keep borrowing costs low. She also said the recent Metro Surge period led to about 4,000 lost construction jobs, strengthening the case for a bill this year. In response to questions, Pappas said negotiations with Senator Housley and House leaders were underway but still early, with no final target set yet; she said staff are preparing project lists and language, and that some items, such as HCMC, may move separately. No formal vote was taken in the exchange, but the speakers expressed optimism about reaching a bipartisan agreement before session end.

Transcript Highlights:

• referred to prosecuting attorneys and the attorney general, and one was certified to the Government Bonding
• for all three opinion units, which include the general fund, street fund, and other funds in the aggregate
• for all three opinion units, which include the general fund, street fund, and other funds in the aggregate
• for all three opinion units, which include the general fund, street fund, and other funds in the aggregate
• for all three opinion units, which include the general fund, street fund, and other funds in the aggregate

Summary: The Legislative Joint Auditing Committee approved the February 13 minutes and then heard several committee reports. The executive committee report noted that audit and special reports were scheduled for presentation, one requested report remained outstanding, and staff was asked to review selected Benton County circuit court case transfers. The committee also received and adopted reports from the counties and municipalities committee, the education committee, and the state agencies committee. Those reports covered delinquent private water and sewer audits, education audit reports, and state agency findings such as duplicate vendor payments, collateral issues, record-keeping problems, and vehicle log deficiencies. In each case, the committee voted to file or adopt the reports, with some reports deferred for follow-up or for officials to appear at a later meeting. A major portion of the meeting focused on the City of Pine Bluff’s 2024 financial audit. Auditors said the city received a clean opinion overall, but management letter findings identified serious issues in the mayor’s office, Parks and Recreation, and the finance department. The Parks and Recreation finding involved $179,629 in manual receipts that could not be traced to city deposits, missing receipts from several facilities, $48,415 in unallowable purchases, $13,000 in questionable purchases, altered invoices, unapproved vendors, and missing equipment; those matters were referred to the prosecuting attorney, attorney general, Governmental Bonding Board, and Arkansas State Police. The finance finding cited weak cash-receipting and bank-reconciliation procedures and late or missing deposits. City officials, including the mayor, finance director, and parks director, testified that the problems predated the current administration and said they had taken corrective steps. They described hiring a forensic audit firm, creating or updating standard operating procedures, improving receipting and deposit processes, adding procurement oversight, and moving Parks and Recreation to electronic or system-based receipting. Committee members questioned the officials about oversight, nonprofit relationships, and whether theft or system failures were to blame. After discussion, the committee voted to file the Pine Bluff report. The next meeting was announced for June 4-5, 2026.

Transcript Highlights:

• In the midst of competing demands and limited resources, may they discern what truly serves the common
• to pursue justice that is firm and compassionate, protecting the vulnerable while strengthening the bonds
• And compassionate, protecting the vulnerable while strengthening the bonds that hold neighbors together
• Speaker, the bill before you ensures that we are aggregating that data in a centralized location for
• Speaker, the bill before you ensures that we are aggregating that data in a centralized location for

Summary: The House convened, established a quorum, led the Pledge of Allegiance, and heard a prayer before caucusing briefly. The chamber then approved the prior day’s minutes, received a Senate message announcing passage of Senate Bill 5068, and referred bills from the introduction and committee report sheets as designated. The House took up second reading on three bills: HB 1187, HB 1345, and HB 1501. HB 1187, concerning protections for patients involved in motor vehicle accidents, was amended to remove an outdated effective-date section and then passed 89-2. HB 1345, dealing with detached accessory dwelling units in rural areas and related local requirements, received a technical amendment and passed 86-5 after supporters described it as a long-negotiated measure to expand housing options in rural communities; some members raised concerns about water-meter requirements but still supported the bill. HB 1501, addressing inquiries into HOA and condominium governance and operations, was amended with a striker to add flexibility for smaller volunteer-run associations and passed 55-36, with supporters emphasizing transparency and critics warning it could add legal and administrative burdens. The House then considered several bills on third reading. Substitute HB 1066, on centralized reporting and transparency for regulated substances data, passed 84-7. HB 1069, allowing certain employer-sponsored organizations to bargain over supplemental retirement benefits including health care for correctional officers and other workers, passed 72-19 amid debate over costs and worker retention. HB 1347, shifting cannabis testing-related work from Ecology to Agriculture to reduce duplication and improve oversight, passed 88-3. Engrossed Substitute HB 1541, reorganizing the Veterans Affairs Advisory Committee to improve flexibility and fill vacancies, was amended with a striker and passed unanimously 91-0. The House also re-referred HB 2592 from Transportation to Appropriations and then adjourned until the following Friday morning.

Transcript Highlights:

• shy bonds far professional bail bonds shy bonds far professional bail bonds shy bonds far outperform
• of the $1,000 bond significant aggregate of the $1,000 bond significant aggregate of the $1,000 bond
• that bond up which effectively lowers that bond.
• What bonds or reforming the bond system. What bonds or reforming the bond system.
• So bonds and parcel bonds forever. So bonds and parcel bonds forever.

Bills: HB265, HB146, SB254, HB202, HB3, HB42, SB18

Keywords: resisting arrest, penalties, criminal justice, law enforcement, public safety, youthful offender, capital murder, victims' rights, SB254, Alabama, statute of limitations, civil procedure, civil action, sex offense, sexual abuse, child sexual abuse, survivor rights, tolling, disability, minor plaintiff

Transcript Highlights:

• So the cost of capital is divided between capital raised through debt, usually by selling bonds, and
• So the cost of capital is divided between capital raised through debt, usually by selling bonds, and
• This reflects how some wildfire cost recovery is time-limited.
• Secondly, we propose limiting the use and review of balancing accounts and memorandum accounts.
• The legislature looks for bonds. We set up trusts and wildfire funds.

Summary: The Senate Committee on Energy, Utilities and Communications held an oversight hearing focused on electric rates, utility regulation, affordability, wildfire costs, and the California Public Utilities Commission’s role. Chair and members framed the discussion around the challenge of transitioning to a cleaner grid while maintaining reliability and keeping bills affordable. The hearing also served as the annual update from the CPUC and the Public Advocates Office, with testimony from Professor Severin Borenstein and CPUC President-designate Alice Reynolds. Borenstein gave a primer on utility regulation, explaining that generation is largely deregulated while transmission and distribution remain regulated, and that most rate-setting follows cost-of-service regulation. He emphasized that the hardest issue is setting the allowed return on equity: too high can raise bills and encourage capital-heavy spending, while too low can deter investment and harm reliability. He argued there is no silver bullet, said performance-based regulation and price caps have limits, and suggested some costs now charged through electric bills—such as climate programs, low-income subsidies, and wildfire-related public policy costs—might more appropriately be paid through the state budget. Reynolds described the CPUC’s oversight role, saying the commission reviews utility spending through general rate cases, balancing accounts, and other proceedings, and that affordability is addressed through front-end scrutiny, post-spend accountability, and legislative direction. She highlighted wildfire mitigation as a major driver of rate increases, noted recent progress on clean energy procurement and battery storage, and said the CPUC is working on return-on-equity decisions, FERC advocacy on transmission costs, and implementation of SB 254 and other statutes. Members pressed on a range of issues, including wildfire securitization, load growth from EVs and data centers, gas-system stranded assets, balancing accounts, and a water-service dispute in Keene involving Union Pacific. No votes were taken; the hearing was informational, with several follow-up commitments from the CPUC to provide data and updates.

Transcript Highlights:

• This spending is fueled by voter-approved bonds.
• Texas school districts' bonds now exceed a staggering $200 billion in bond principal and interest, making
• The intent of this bill is to create clarity in bond proposals and to prevent the misallocation of bond
• Well, there— we've had some— Reports of bonds, for example, being used for big bonds, like billion-dollar
• Even limiting the distance to 1,500 feet can still...

Bills: SB604, SB843, SB1636, SB2395, SB571, SB1224, SB1832, SB2392, SB747, SB2623, SB2624, SB2185

Keywords: bonds, education funding, Texas Permanent School Fund, financial transparency, speculative rating, school funding, deferred maintenance, tax revenue, education budget, school districts, education, finance, Texas Education Code, misconduct, child abuse, educators, investigation, criminal offense, education law, suspension

Transcript Highlights:

• It's an aggregate deal.
• If it's, let's say, an aggregation of batteries...
• Darby, residential battery aggregation.
• We do, but, We do, but they're limited.
• The question is whether Texas will lead it or limit it.

Keywords: 1184, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• fastest across the country when speaking of total trade value, but our current infrastructure is limited
• And so when the bonding bill, the Senate House Bill 2, had already been passed, we didn't receive any
• I'll go ahead and let this question go for now, but I'm a little limited.
• The aggregate square footage on the roof would... ...be likely 2 million square feet. 2 million.
• The aggregation of four buildings makes a data center campus.

Transcript Highlights:

• In order to hear as much from the public within the limits of our time, we will not permit disruptions
• As a reminder, testimony is limited to two primary witnesses in support.
• As a reminder, testimony is limited to two primary witnesses in support and two primary witnesses in
• So what was once a very limited practice of using these accounts has now become significant.
• Currently, PG&E's credit rating is at junk bond status, BB minus. Edison is close behind.

Keywords: 988, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• We will have time limits if we have a lot of people. You'll see that as we go along.
• The current limits.
• From $1,000,000 in aggregate to $2,000,000 in aggregate, based on what is there currently.
• Like, would you have the bonding capacity for House Bill 145 if this bill does not pass?
• Okay, we just had a discussion on bonding. And I'm sure everybody in the room understands bonding.

Transcript Highlights:

• This is on the bonding bill side.
• </c><00:07:06.960><c> We</c> This is on the bonding bill side. We This is on the bonding bill side.
• </c> bonding bill in previous years. bonding bill in previous years.
• </c><00:53:31.040><c> of</c><00:53:31.200><c> our</c> some of the limitations of our some of the limitations
• </c> locals on on what your speed limits are. locals on on what your speed limits are.

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• And if we need to set further time limits, we could do so.
• We need to set further time limits. We could do so.
• Representative Freiberg voted yes. limited to that school district only.
• be limited at this point in time.
• I'll see if this limits it or if it's inclusive, and I'll talk to her about it.

Bills: HR175, HCR81, SB105, SB290, SB304, SB374, SB522

Keywords: TOPS, education funding, workforce development, postsecondary education, Louisiana Works, tech training, declining enrollment, public schools, school districts, Louisiana Department of Education, state superintendent, school closures, budget cuts, teacher layoffs, school consolidation, education policy, enrollment decline, birth rates, migration, private schools

Transcript Highlights:

• As it relates to bonds, with that, I yield for questions and move due pass.
• As it relates to bonds, with that, I yield for questions and move due pass.
• As it relates to bonds, which you'll see that language on page five. Follow up.
• to use their taxpayer dollars to supply these bonds.
• What are school districts currently allowed to bond for?

Bills: HB3327, HB3711, HB4104, HJR1077, HB3329

Keywords: State Board of Education, Oklahoma education board, board appointments, school governance, education reform, governor appointments, legislative appointments, speaker of the house, president pro tempore, senate confirmation, board vacancies, removal for cause, public education, state superintendent, school board training, board member qualifications, emergency clause, Oklahoma statutes 70 O.S. 3-101, school funding, transparency

Summary: The committee first considered House Bill 3711, which was described as a work in progress aimed at increasing transparency for taxpayers about instructional expenditures in school bond communications. Members questioned whether the bill changed what districts may bond for, and the author said it did not alter the bond process, only added communications. After title was struck, the bill passed committee 13-5. House Bill 4104, dealing with repeat peeping Tom and clandestine recording offenses, was presented with an amendment adding conduct involving three or more separate victims as a basis for felony treatment. The amendment was adopted after questions about its legal basis and a recent court decision. The bill as amended then passed committee unanimously, 18-0. The committee also took up House Joint Resolution 1077, which would send to voters a proposal to move $1 billion from the Tobacco Settlement Endowment Trust corpus into a new Oklahoma’s Futures Trust Fund. The proponent said the T-SET board would remain in place, the corpus would stay protected, and annual earnings from the new fund would be split between reinvestment and legislative appropriations for health and education. Opponents argued the measure would shift money from an independent endowment to a politically controlled process and could weaken existing T-SET programs. After debate, the resolution passed committee 14-4. Finally, House Bill 3327 proposed expanding the State Board of Education from seven to nine members, with appointments divided among the governor, speaker, and president pro tem, and allowing removal only for cause. Members raised questions about geographic representation and vacancy appointments, but the bill passed as amended 15-2. House Bill 3329, a trailer bill related to sunset legislation, added a July 1, 2027 sunset for the Board of Psychological Examiners after concerns about its handling of a complaint and a recent court ruling; it passed as amended 14-2, and the committee then adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• In addition, the existing law seems to limit the governor to only the listed names from these entities
• Of course, it is limited geographically as well.
• And so those are going to be geographically tied generally and for a limited time.
• And so those are going to be geographically tied generally and for a limited time.
• There should be a more centralized review board that works with all institutions, not limiting anyone

Bills: HB267, HB478, HB617, HB659, HB800, HB922, HB924, HB947, HB1166, HB1223

Keywords: home inspectors, board membership, licensing, term limits, Louisiana State Board, utility, reimbursement, overcharges, consumer protection, economic relief, hidden fees, junk fees, drip pricing, price transparency, mandatory fees, surcharges, unfair trade practices, advertising disclosures, total price, service fees

Transcript Highlights:

• . >> Limit.
• Uh, one of the features of this bill is to exempt these bonds from the constitutional debt limit, and
• </c> finance the bonds. finance the bonds.
• </c> for the bond? for the bond?
• > bond</c><01:21:40.159><c> writers</c> that the bond writers typic bond writers that the bond writers

Bills: SB2190, SB2338, SB2424, SB2356, SB2981, SB3028, SB3187, SB2378, SB2398, SB2192, SB2155, SB3219, SB3218

Keywords: affordable housing, employment contracts, salary caps, housing finance, public housing authority, executive compensation, parking minimums, off-street parking, transit-oriented development, TOD, housing supply, smart growth, redevelopment, adaptive reuse, micro units, rail transit, public transit stations, county zoning, land use, urban planning

Summary: The House Housing Committee heard testimony on a series of housing-related Senate bills. SB 2190 SD2 on inclusionary zoning drew support from HHFDC, Hawaii YIMBY, Grassroot Institute, Housing Hawaii’s Future, and Hako Seed Center, with opposition from OHA and Aloha Independent Living Hawaii. SB 2338 SD1, dealing with housing agency personnel authority, received comments from the Attorney General cautioning that the bill should be clarified to avoid conflicts with civil service and collective bargaining laws and recommending removal of a provision limiting employment contracts; HHFDC said its comments addressed those concerns and supported the measure. SB 2424 SD1, concerning HHFDC, received broad support from housing, business, and community groups, with one opposition. Testimony focused on changing the definition of “qualified resident” so people who already own an HHFDC-assisted unit could later purchase another if their housing needs change; HHFDC said the current rule forces people to sell before buying again and that the bill would help people move up the housing ladder and encourage more housing development. SB 2356 on parking also drew broad support from state agencies, housing advocates, business groups, and local officials, with Unite Here Local 5 in opposition. SB 2981 on land use had strong support from many organizations and 67 individuals, with Unite Here Local 5 opposing. SB 3028 SD2 on property conveyance generated the most detailed policy debate. Supporters, including Catholic Charities Hawaii, Hawaii Children’s Action Network, Indivisible Hawaii, and others, backed restructuring the conveyance tax into a marginal rate system and urged changes to revenue allocations, including dedicated funding for homeless services, DHHL, and the rental housing revolving fund. The Tax Foundation of Hawaii supported the marginal-rate concept but opposed dedicated special-fund allocations and criticized the bill’s blank sections. Committee members questioned the historical purpose of the conveyance tax, and the Tax Foundation explained it was originally a modest tax tied to property-value tracking when the state still ran the property tax system. The committee also heard SB 3187 SD2 on off-site construction, SB 2378 SD2 on housing permitting, and SB 2398 SD2 on residential housing utilities. OPSD supported SB 3187 but said it preferred the House version and wanted clarification that off-site certification should apply to factories in Hawaii, not out of state, to avoid outsourcing labor; it also suggested starting with a small scope. SB 2378 SD2 drew support from engineering, housing, and labor groups, with testimony that the House version included needed fixes to make the program insurable. On SB 2398 SD2, the Board of Water Supply opposed the bill, saying it could require disclosure of sensitive infrastructure information beyond ordinary water-availability assessments and raise critical-infrastructure and cybersecurity concerns; developers and housing groups supported the measure. No votes or final actions were taken in the portion of the hearing provided.