Video & Transcript : 'nonpotable water' :

Page 210 of 500
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Assembly Judiciary Committee Apr 29th, 2025

Transcript Highlights:
  • It's important to note that AB 14 is not about adjudicating water rights directly.
  • My name is Ryan O'Jackie, and I'm with the Regional Water Authority.
  • , and Clean Water Action.
  • Sigma's express language determine water rights.
  • Water is for fighting over.
Summary: The committee heard testimony on several bills related to reproductive access, child safety online, immigration enforcement in schools, health privacy, location data, digital provenance, reparations, and age assurance. AB 54 would protect the medication abortion supply chain and shield providers and others from liability; AB 1137 would strengthen reporting and enforcement tools for child sexual abuse material on social media; AB 49 would limit ICE activity at California public schools; AB 82 would expand privacy and safety protections for gender-affirming care patients and providers; AB 1355 would restrict the collection, use, and sale of precise location data; AB 853 would expand provenance requirements for AI-generated and authentic content; AB 62 would create a pathway for restitution for racially biased eminent domain takings; and AB 1043 would create a device-based age assurance framework for online services. Supporters generally framed the bills as necessary responses to current harms: reproductive rights advocates emphasized California’s role as a safe haven; child safety witnesses described the persistence and re-victimization caused by CSAM online; immigrant rights and education advocates said schools should remain safe from immigration enforcement; health and LGBTQ+ advocates stressed privacy and safety risks tied to tracking and harassment; privacy and consumer groups backed limits on location data and stronger provenance tools; and reparations advocates said AB 62 would help address historic injustices. Opposition came from family policy, tech, business, law enforcement, and industry groups, who raised concerns about safety claims, constitutional issues, implementation burdens, transparency, law enforcement access, and the need to preserve existing privacy frameworks and voluntary standards. The committee members largely expressed support for the policy goals while noting implementation concerns on some measures. Several members asked for or were offered coauthor status on bills. AB 1137, AB 54, AB 49, AB 82, AB 1355, AB 853, and AB 62 all received do-pass votes to Appropriations, with some members voting no or not voting on certain bills. AB 1355 and AB 853 were advanced with amendments or ongoing work promised with opponents, and AB 1043 was presented with discussion of possible amendments on parental consent and age assurance details, though the transcript cuts off before final action on that bill.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Committee on Jobs and Economic Development - 01/22/25

Jobs and Economic Development

Transcript Highlights:
  • source and and load power and the water source and and I<01:14:33.600><c> guess</c><01:14:33.840><c>
  • is used to cool the data centers water is used to cool the data centers and<01:14:53.280><c> you</c>
  • all right we have one who's coming water all right we have one who's coming up<01:15:12.080><c> to</
  • Senator Champion, as you mentioned, the water and energy are two big issues, and this is precisely why
  • so I I think we're an the water so I I think we're an excellent<01:20:24.920><c> uh</c><01:20:25.280
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
ID

Idaho 2026 Regular Session

Agenda Jan 27th, 2026

Agricultural Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • He's a senior in soil and water systems.
  • Parker Trail from Glenns Ferry, who's a senior in soil and water systems.
  • And then last, and definitely not least, Caden Water from Lake... ...and then last and definitely not
  • least, Caden Water from Lakeview, Oregon.
Summary: The Senate Agriculture Committee met to begin its rules review process and welcomed University of Idaho College of Agricultural and Life Sciences students visiting as part of the 24th ag-economics public policy and legislative tour. Committee leaders introduced the students and thanked them for their interest in Idaho agriculture before turning to the rule dockets. The committee heard presentations from Idaho State Department of Agriculture staff on several zero-based regulation rules: stone fruit grades, bulk permits and retail sale of potatoes, weights and measures, pesticide and chemigation use and application, and organic food products. Testimony explained that most changes were technical cleanups, including removing obsolete or duplicative language, updating incorporation-by-reference citations, clarifying definitions and grade language, and aligning rules with current handbooks or federal marketing orders. The pesticide rule also included more substantive updates such as revised license terms, longer sunset periods for some applicators, and new provisions for drone pesticide applications. Members asked a few questions, including about where removed definitions had gone in the weights and measures rule; staff said those definitions are already in statute. No votes were taken on the dockets. The chair announced the committee would not vote on these rules until a later meeting, after additional presentations, and then adjourned the meeting.
ID

Idaho 2026 Regular Session

Agenda Jan 27th, 2026

Agricultural Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • He's a senior in soil and water systems.
  • Parker Trail from Glenns Ferry, who's a senior in soil and water systems.
  • And then last and definitely not least, Caden Water from Lake...
  • And then last and definitely not least, Caden Water from Lakeview, Oregon.
Keywords: 989, all
ID

Idaho 2026 Regular Session

Legislative Session Day 9 Jan 20th, 2026

Idaho House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • House Bill No. 503, by the Resources and Conservation Committee, is an act relating to the Soil and Water
  • Commission, amending Section 22-2718, Idaho Code, to revise provisions regarding the Idaho State Soil and Water
  • Section 22-2718 Idaho Code to revise provisions regarding the Idaho State Soil and Water Conservation
  • Section 54-12, Idaho Code, to revise provisions regarding the powers of the State Board of Drinking Water
Keywords: 989, all
TX
Transcript Highlights:
  • Civil War, Bandera became a staging point for drives up the Western Trail because of its plentiful water
  • And then there are some additional water districts and special districts and river authorities being
  • specific infrastructure. and economic development projects such as airports, docks, rail, mass transit, water
  • And then there are some additional water districts and special districts. and river authorities are being
Bills: SCR3 , SCR30 , SB2375 , HCR35
WA

Washington 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Environment & Energy Jan 26th, 2026 at 01:30 pm

Environment & Energy

Transcript Highlights:
  • Second, utilities and landlords are prohibited from turning off water or electric service to residents
  • Electric and water utilities are required to report on the total number of disconnections that occurred
  • on such a day, and smaller electric and water utilities must make this information available if requested
  • As you just heard, this bill reduces some reporting requirements for both Commerce and for water and
  • Energy Independence Act, there's a requirement addressed here that all electric COUs and IOUs and all water
Bills: HB2496 , HB2575 , HB2605
OK
Transcript Highlights:
  • but from a development perspective may have been a little bit prohibitive when it came to bringing water
  • We have six new utility projects that are bringing in that water and wastewater to areas of airports
  • lab improvement grant program where many of these schools that are really dipping their toe in the water
  • Again, water, wastewater, we're really improving these four major areas: your ground tank in the pump
  • This is a diagram of some of the water lines. Again, we're not touching the water lines this year.
Summary: The committee met for an oversight update on how one-time and recurring transportation-related appropriations are being implemented. Oklahoma Department of Aerospace and Aeronautics Director Grayson Artees reviewed ARPA and PREP-funded airport and aerospace projects, including completed or nearing-completion work at Will Rogers, Woodward, Ardmore, Tulsa’s air traffic control tower, and multiple hangar, terminal, taxiway, utility, and UAS infrastructure projects statewide. He also discussed one-time FY25 and FY26 appropriations for airport development, the repurposing of an unneeded Lufthansa project allocation into other aerospace projects, and the department’s aerospace education grants, classroom labs, aircraft-build programs, and internship support. Members asked for lists of participating schools and for a clearer overall accounting of the funding; Artees said the department would provide those materials and estimated roughly $400 million has been invested in aerospace and defense since PREP and ARPA, with about $250 million directed to airport infrastructure. The committee then heard from ODOT Secretary Tim Gatz on the Retro Fund, lake and industrial access roads, ports of entry, and the PACT Fund. Gatz said Retro, created in statute and funded with $200 million in both 2024 and FY25, is helping accelerate rural high-impact road and bridge projects; he reported $249 million awarded so far, supporting about $1.4 billion in construction, with most projects expected to be awarded by September 2027. He also described lake and industrial access projects, including work at the Port of Inola, and updated members on ports of entry, internal way stations, and the replacement of the aging OkiPROS permitting system with ProMiles. On PACT, he said the county road and bridge allocations are being administered, but the Tax Commission’s role in distributing the county road share has created unnecessary bureaucracy; he urged a statutory fix so the money can go directly to counties. Members asked for lists of approved lake/recreational projects and for clarification on the Tax Commission issue; Gatz said ODOT would provide the project list and that he would welcome Tax Commission input on a legislative remedy. No votes were taken, and the meeting adjourned after the updates and questions.
AZ

Arizona 2026 Regular Session

03/11/2026 - Senate Floor Session

Arizona Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • These folks are members of the Rural Water Working Group.
  • I know that salt cedar does consume a lot of water.
  • It does take up a lot of water, but we need to also include native plants so that... ...also include
  • For anyone left, the water-wise breakfast featuring the CAP General Manager tomorrow morning has been
  • For anyone left, the water-wise breakfast featuring the CAP General Manager tomorrow morning has been
Keywords: 1182, all
HI

Hawaii 2026 Regular Session

EIG-GVO Public Hearing 02-19-2026

Energy and Intergovernmental Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • get utilities hooked up, because before the DOE would go straight to the electric company and to the water
  • </c><00:03:10.879><c> to</c><00:03:11.040><c> the</c><00:03:11.120><c> bottom</c><00:03:11.519><c> water
  • </c> electric company and to the bottom water electric company and to the bottom water supply<00:03:12.640
  • that the county will take on state projects and they would coordinate whether it's the sewer, the water
  • that the county will take on state projects and they would coordinate whether it's the sewer, the water
Bills: SB2066
Summary: The joint committees on Energy, Intergovernmental Affairs, and Government Operations heard Senate Bill 2066 on county permitting and inspection. Testimony focused on whether the bill should exempt state projects from county permitting requirements. One testifier opposed the measure, arguing it would bypass established permitting processes, weaken good government, and put the public at risk. A DOE representative said the intent was to speed up state projects, but suggested a different approach: funding county positions dedicated solely to state permits, possibly as a pilot program, rather than removing county review entirely. Committee members discussed the difficulty of moving state projects through county systems, the lack of special treatment, and whether a more systematic or standardized process could be created for repetitive projects. After the discussion, the chairs announced a substantive rewrite of SB 2066. The amended version would delete the county-permitting exemptions for state projects and instead create a cooperative working group to address the intersection of state projects and county permitting needs. The revised measure would also include a blank appropriation for counties to fund personnel to expedite permitting for state projects only. Members clarified that any funded staff would be dedicated solely to state projects. The committee then took votes on the revised measure. The committees adopted the amended bill. The Government Operations Committee recommended the Senate draft one version, and members present voted yes, with Senator Awa excused. The measure was adopted with the revised approach and an effective date set for April 19, 2042.
NM
Transcript Highlights:
  • which I should have mentioned in a previous slide, is that the main thing that deteriorates a road is water
  • Once water gets into our subgrade, a whole host of issues arise that cause all those pavement distresses
  • just thin layers of micro-surfacing that add a friction course and also provide a sealant to prevent water
  • Water penetration into our subgrade.
  • Mexico, with our freeze-thaw cycles, that becomes an issue where there's pumping of fines, where the water
TX

Texas 89th Regular

State Affairs Apr 30th, 2025

State Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • in rural communities, especially in areas with wildfire risk, limited emergency access, or limited water
  • We inject water. ...into these facilities, it harnesses the power of the earth.
  • It pressurizes the water, and when the energy is needed, you just simply throw the switch.
  • The earth pushes the water out, runs it through a turbine, and produces electricity.
  • Our volunteer firefighters don't have sufficient foam or water to extinguish a BESS fire.
Committee: House State Affairs
ND
Transcript Highlights:
  • Those are water floods.
  • So, like when we do the lines of credit for the Department of Water Resources, like when we did that
  • So like when we do the lines of credit for the Department of Water Resources, you know, like when we
  • There's water infrastructure revolving loans. There is the Clean Sustainable Energy Authority.
  • I mean, I honestly believe a lot of it's, especially you look at water.
Keywords: 908, all
Summary: The committee received a compliance and status update on Industrial Commission programs and the Bank of North Dakota. Staff reviewed appropriations and spending for several Industrial Commission funds and grant programs, including lignite research, oil and gas research, clean sustainable energy, grid resiliency, salt cavern analysis, and the new NDSU research and technology park grant. Members discussed the timing of reimbursements, uncommitted balances, and the structure of the pipeline capacity and enhanced oil recovery funding. The Industrial Commission also reported on its administrative budget, grant management system project, and recent leadership transitions across several agencies. Karen Tyler of the Industrial Commission described active grant rounds and the status of major projects. She said the Clean Sustainable Energy Authority approved three projects in its sixth round, with remaining uncommitted cash and loan capacity still available, though no new funding was appropriated this session. She also said the Oil and Gas Research Council approved six enhanced oil recovery projects and expects additional funding after a federal Department of Energy award replaces one project’s state funding. For grid resiliency grants, she said some projects have been funded, some commitments were returned or reallocated, and some DOE funds remain pending. She also updated the committee on the salt cavern business case study, which replaced an earlier larger development proposal, and on the NDSU research park grant, where the nonmatching portion was paid and the matching portion has moved slowly because the match must be in cash. Ron Ness then gave an extended presentation on enhanced oil recovery and North Dakota oil and gas trends. He said production remains steady, but future growth depends on infrastructure, especially gas takeaway and projects like the Bakken East pipeline. He argued that enhanced oil recovery using CO2, natural gas, surfactants, and other methods could extend Bakken production for decades, but that the state needs more CO2 supply, better storage, and updated tax and regulatory incentives. Members asked about lateral lengths, CO2 availability, pipeline impacts, and the role of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, and Ness emphasized that the projects are intended to share technical learning across operators and attract follow-on investment. The Bank of North Dakota then presented its compliance report and strategic update. President Don Morgan said the bank’s mission remains to support North Dakota agriculture, commerce, and industry while cooperating with the state’s financial sector. He reviewed the bank’s main business lines: participation lending with community institutions, student loans, disaster lending, mission-based programs, and a new fintech-focused effort. Morgan said deposits are flattening, so the bank is managing balance sheet growth carefully, while still reporting improved net income and strong efficiency. He also introduced Rough Rider Coin as a bank-to-bank payment rail, not a public cryptocurrency, intended to speed and modernize payments within North Dakota’s banking and credit union system. Committee members asked about student loan eligibility, disaster program use, and how credit lines and liquidity would be affected if deposits shrink.
LA
Transcript Highlights:
  • The Louisiana Rural Water Association and our legislative auditor, for example, among others.
  • Mayors only seek sound budgeting, clean water, good roads, adequate drainage, sustainable growth, and
  • Water systems might be more important.
  • Or maybe it's water sector because we have an aging sewer and water system.
  • Or maybe it's water sector because we have an aging sewer and water system.
Keywords: 965, house, all
Summary: The committee first considered HB 431, which would require annual training for municipal mayors. After adopting a technical amendment adding municipal retirement systems to the training categories, members heard testimony from the bill author and Louisiana Municipal Association (LMA) officials that the measure would require 16 hours of annual training, count existing ethics/harassment/cybersecurity requirements toward that total, allow online and in-person options, and impose no penalty other than public audit disclosure of compliance. The bill was favorably reported. Members then heard HB 150, authorizing Cameron Parish to create a local insurance program to help residents recover and repopulate after hurricanes without state funding. Testimony emphasized that the program would be locally funded and likely function as a subsidy or premium offset rather than a standalone insurer. The bill was favorably reported. HB 822, dealing with nonprofit entities appointing members to certain economic development district boards, was also favorably reported after discussion of an amendment to set a two-year forfeiture period for noncompliant nonprofits. The committee then took up HB 204, which would require monthly financial reports from certain East Baton Rouge Parish agencies to the Legislative Auditor. After an amendment removing the Council on Aging, testimony from CATS, BREC, and the auditor focused on whether the information was already public, the burden of monthly bank-statement reporting, and whether bank statements would expose sensitive information. Members ultimately agreed to voluntarily defer the bill for further work. The committee also favorably reported HB 136 on Harahan classified police hiring, HB 376 extending provisional appointment timeframes in civil service, HB 377 changing pay-range rules for the State Examiner and Deputy Examiner, HB 450 clarifying veterans’ points in fire and police civil service exams, HB 273 repealing a duplicate local tax statute, HB 1068 on garbage collection contract terms, and HB 864 allowing New Orleans to establish fire limits in certain state-right-of-way areas to address bridge fires. The transcript ends as HB 444 on adding commissioners to the East Baton Rouge Recreation and Park Commission was being introduced.
ID

Idaho 2026 Regular Session

Legislative Session Day 72 Mar 24th, 2026

Idaho House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Senate Bill 1405, by the Finance Committee, regarding appropriations for the Soil and Water Conservation
  • Department of Agriculture, Senate Bill 1405 by Finance Committee regarding appropriation soil and water
  • One of them is the Water Pollution Control Fund. It's a 10% shift from that fund to the Superfund.
  • One of them is the Water Pollution Control Fund. It's a 10% shift from that fund to the Superfund.
  • Commission from the Department of Agriculture over to the Department of Water Resources.
Summary: The House convened with a quorum, approved the journal, received messages from the Senate and governor, and moved several enrolled bills and memorials through routine referral and signing actions. The chamber concurred in Senate amendments to House Bills 494, 728, and 703, and later concurred in Senate amendments to House Bills 825 and 788. Committee reports also advanced multiple measures, including House Bill 939 from Resources and Conservation, House Bills 940-942 for printing or referral, and House Bill 892 to second reading. House Resolution 29, changing call-of-the-House procedures, and House Joint Memorial 21, urging faster permitting for a tungsten mine in Lemhi County, were also taken up and passed. On the floor, the House passed Senate Bills 1266, 1316, 1288, and 1339. Senate Bill 1266 made technical foster-care corrections, removed extended foster care language, and expanded expedited placement to include kinship caregivers. Senate Bill 1316 updated newborn screening consent language so parents may simply decline certain newborn procedures without stating a medical or religious reason. Senate Bill 1288 created a funding mechanism for high-need special education students, drawing from driver’s education funds and interest from the Idaho Career Readiness Fund; supporters framed it as necessary to meet federal and constitutional obligations, while opponents argued it would create an ongoing spending commitment and reduce funds for other programs. Senate Bill 1339 replaced continuous improvement planning with longer-term strategic performance planning for public schools, with supporters emphasizing accountability and reduced reporting burdens. The House also passed House Bills 706, 888, 894, and 927. House Bill 706 allowed a single stairwell in certain four- to six-story condo and apartment buildings, with added fire-safety requirements, to reduce housing costs; supporters cited affordability and housing supply, while some raised safety concerns. House Bill 888 revised the state IT procurement framework to bring more agency technology purchases under the Office of Information Technology Services, with some agencies exempted. House Bill 894 required open meetings to allow recording, photography, and video with exemptions for corrections, parole, and executive sessions. House Bill 927 restored consequences for unpaid traffic infractions, including license-related enforcement after notice and a 60-day cure period, and was presented as a public safety and fiscal responsibility measure. The House then recessed and later resumed to continue the calendar and committee business.
NM

New Mexico 2025 Regular Session

IC - New Mexico Finance Authority Oversight Jul 10th, 2025

New Mexico Finance Authority Oversight Committee

Transcript Highlights:
  • From CAF, a $1.1 million investment in upgraded water infrastructure.
  • Much more quickly had it not been for the new water infrastructure.
  • But we do use it for critical infrastructure investments, specifically water investments.
  • have access to the best sewage and potable water.
  • Water primarily drives the Governmental Gross Receipts Tax.
MD

Maryland 2026 Regular Session

House Floor Session, 3/5/2026 #1

Maryland House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • . >> So, so let's say they say that the fee to have water is $500, but we know that it's not $500.
  • </c><00:17:42.880><c> utility</c> &gt;&gt; water?
  • Water would be considered utility &gt;&gt; water?
  • </c> plenty of properties that will get water plenty of properties that will get water on<00:35:40.960
  • 04.079><c> that</c><00:36:04.320><c> pulls</c> there's some water that that pulls there's some water
HI
Transcript Highlights:
  • Ernest Laauo, Board of Water Supply, testified in support.
  • </c> Thank you Ernest Laauo board of water Thank you Ernest Laauo board of water supply<01:01:13.599>
  • Areas of this line identify potential drinking water. Thank you very much. Okay.
  • </c><01:07:56.319><c> Thank</c> identify potential drinking water.
  • Chair, thank you for the Committee on Water and Land.
Keywords: 912, senate, all
Summary: The committee opened its Health and Human Services calendar, noted quorum, and first took up HB 194. The chair explained amendments to add an exemption for a person invited by a patient to attend a birth outside an accredited birth facility when no compensation is involved, remove a date reference in section 9, and accept Department of Health amendments. Members raised no objections, and the committee voted to pass HB 194 with amendments. The committee then heard HB 139 on insurance, with the Attorney General flagging possible unlawful delegation issues and suggesting clarifying language, while the Insurance Division stood on written testimony. A number of health organizations and advocates, including HMSA, Hawaii Association of Health Plans, oncology and fertility groups, testified in support. HB 613 on homeless youth drew broad support from state agencies, counties, youth advocates, and community groups; testimony emphasized the need for permanent safe spaces and more attention to unaccompanied minors, with one witness asking for clarity on funding and shelter capacity. HB 71 on a tax credit for family caregivers drew support from AARP, Alzheimer’s and children’s advocates, and several individuals, while the Tax Foundation raised concerns about blank provisions and the cost-effectiveness of administering a small credit. The Department of Taxation said a prior version with a $5,000 nonrefundable credit would have cost the general fund about $397.4 million. HB 716 on health care technology support received strong support from SHPDA, OHIN, and many provider groups, who described it as a one-time investment of roughly $20–25 million to connect rural and neighbor island providers to electronic health records; members questioned how the grant program would be allocated. HB 799 on physician hospital privileges also drew mixed testimony: supporters said it would align Hawaii with updated CMS rules and improve access, especially on Maui, while Maui Health and some members worried it could reduce on-call coverage and hospital safety, leading to discussion of a possible report and sunset date.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Taxes Committee 4/23/26

Taxes

Transcript Highlights:
  • ,</c> the the safety of our food and water, the the safety of our food and water, and<01:15:52.960><c
  • And Oak Park in our water sources.
  • He said the water system currently serves five regional water users, including Washington County Governor
  • Um, underground water,<02:47:01.200><c> storm</c><02:47:01.439><c> water,</c><02:47:01.680><c> and</c
  • ><02:47:01.920><c> sewer</c> water, storm water, and sewer water, storm water, and sewer replacement<
Committee: House Taxes
Keywords: 1183, house
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Judiciary Committee Meeting - 2026-04-09

Judiciary Finance and Civil Law

Transcript Highlights:
  • </c> the city signs an NDA and promises water the city signs an NDA and promises water from<00:15:46.360
  • <00:15:48.280><c> to</c> from its domestic water allocation to from its domestic water allocation to
  • We're talking about water usage.
  • We're talking about water usage.
  • We're talking about water development.
Bills: HF4077 , HF3809 , HF3639 , HF4478 , HF3363 , HF3874
Summary: The Judiciary Finance and Civil Law Committee approved the minutes from March 25 and March 26, then took up House File 4077, a bipartisan bill authored by Representatives Greenman and Roach. The bill would prohibit municipalities from entering into non-disclosure agreements with private entities that restrict disclosure about land development, economic development, or publicly funded projects, while preserving existing Chapter 13 data practices rules and trade secret protections. The authors argued the bill is needed to prevent secret agreements and backroom decision-making that undermine public transparency, and they moved that the bill be re-referred to the general register. Several local officials and residents testified in support, including a St. Louis County commissioner, the mayor of Lonsdale, and residents from Farmington and Hermantown. Supporters said NDAs had been used in connection with data center and other development projects to keep elected officials and the public in the dark, eroding trust and limiting community input. They described the bill as a common-sense transparency measure and said existing law already protects legitimate trade secrets. Opposition came from the Minnesota Chamber of Commerce and the Minnesota Business Partnership, which argued that NDAs are often necessary in early-stage economic development discussions to protect sensitive business information and remain competitive with other states. They warned the bill could discourage investment, jobs, and tax growth, and said it would impose a one-size-fits-all state mandate that limits local discretion. Committee members then debated whether the bill was too broad and whether it should be narrowed to data centers; supporters responded that the issue extends beyond data centers to other forms of economic development. A roll call vote was requested on the motion to re-refer the bill to the general register, but the final vote result was not stated in the transcript excerpt.