Video & Transcript : 'Reclamation Reform Act' :
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OK
Oklahoma 2026 Regular Session
Civil Judiciary REVISION 2: HB4094 and HB3407 - Added Feb 19th, 2026 at 10:30 am
Civil Judiciary
Transcript Highlights:
- This bill will allow people who have a Self-Defense Act license to carry into the Capitol.
- I understand the SDA Act.
- Vice Chairman, House Bill 4198 is the Workplace Violence Act.
- House Bill 3906 creates an Oklahoma supported decision-making act.
- The Oklahoma receivership law by adopting the Uniform Commercial Receivership Act.
Bills:
HB1453 , HB2933 , HB2941 , HB2945 , HB2959 , HB3087 , HB3094 , HB3297 , HB3298 , HB3319 , HB3321 , HB3386 , HB3453 , HB3471 , HB3505 , HB3510 , HB3544 , HB3549 , HB3652 , HB3727 , HB3791 , HB3845 , HB3906 , HB4119 , HB4125 , HB4126 , HB4198 , HB4236 , HB4425 , HB4343 , HB4094 , HB3407
Committee:
House Civil Judiciary
Keywords:
foreign ownership, property rights, agricultural land, Attorney General, divestment, real estate, felony penalties, insurance regulation, homeowner claims, premium discounts, catastrophe mitigation, civil penalties, fentanyl, overdose, first responders, drug reporting, immunity, controlled substances, penalties, abortion
WA
Committee:
House Education
HI
Bills:
HB146 , HB322 , HB469 , HB1183 , HB1481 , HB1509 , HB1510 , HB1511 , HB1514 , HB1515 , HB1516 , HB1520 , HB1522 , HB1524 , HB1531 , HB1535 , HB1548 , HB1550 , HB1559 , HB1573 , HB1574 , HB1590 , HB1593 , HB1601 , HB1603 , HB1615 , HB1628 , HB1643 , HB1644 , HB1645 , HB1648 , HB1663 , HB1667 , HB1671 , HB1678 , HB1679 , HB1682 , HB1688 , HB1691 , HB1692 , HB1695 , HB1696 , HB1697 , HB1716 , HB1721 , HB1724 , HB1725 , HB1728 , HB1730 , HB1733 , HB1737 , HB1738 , HB1739 , HB1740 , HB1741 , HB1742 , HB1752 , HB1753 , HB1764 , HB1768 , HB1769 , HB1777 , HB1782 , HB1790 , HB1799 , HB1810 , HB1823 , HB1824 , HB1832 , HB1839 , HB1840 , HB1844 , HB1845 , HB1850 , HB1851 , HB1858 , HB1860 , HB1864 , HB1870 , HB1873 , HB1875 , HB1877 , HB1878 , HB1880 , HB1881 , HB1886 , HB1888 , HB1890 , HB1892 , HB1893 , HB1898 , HB1921 , HB1934
Keywords:
judiciary, Hawaiian language, Ōlelo Hawaiʻi, language access, cultural preservation, voter registration, automatic registration, state agencies, electoral participation, opt-out system, disability, parking, travel placard, accessibility, mobility, retirement, pension, law enforcement, public safety, Hawaii Revised Statutes
NM
New Mexico 2026 Regular Session
House - Chamber Meeting Feb 16th, 2026 at 11:58 am
New Mexico House Floor Meeting
Bills:
HB145 , HR1 , SB29 , SB37 , SB193 , SB58 , SB64 , HB195 , HB234 , HB279 , HB287 , HB292 , HB303 , SB30 , SB35 , SB40 , SB43 , SB48 , SB96 , SB143 , HJM1 , HM7 , HM17 , HM4 , HM22 , HM23 , HM24 , HM26 , HM2 , HM16 , HM32 , HM13 , HM47 , HM20 , HM51 , HM1 , HM31 , HM35 , HM36 , HM46 , HM53 , HM54 , HM39 , HM29 , HM43 , HM59 , HM11 , HM14 , HM21 , HM34 , HM50 , HB332
Keywords:
high-wage jobs, tax credit, job creation, New Mexico, economic development, House Resolution 1, HR1, House investigatory subcommittee, special committee, legislative investigation, subpoena power, public corruption, criminal activity, Zorro ranch, Santa Fe County, public accountability, government oversight, impeachment power, children and vulnerable persons, public funds
LA
Louisiana 2026 Regular Session
House of Representatives Apr 29th, 2026
Louisiana House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- Acting Chair, Madam Clerk, Members. I have a resolution today. Thank you, Mr.
- Acting Chair, Madam Clerk.
- SB 347 by Senator Barrow, Title 17, Campus Accountability and Safety Act, definitions, effectiveness.
- It adds on to Act 351, which we passed last year. You have a right to close?
- It adds on to Act 351, which we passed last year. You have a right to close? I'll waive.
Bills:
HR218 , HR219 , HR220 , HR221 , HR222 , HCR91 , HCR92 , HCR93 , HR210 , HR211 , HR212 , HR213 , HR214 , HR215 , HR216 , SCR29 , SCR38 , SB100 , HR171 , HCR49 , HCR65 , SCR23 , HB276 , HB508 , HB512 , HB599 , HB632 , HB656 , HB998 , HB1052 , HB1084 , HB1171 , HB1193 , HB1194 , HB1204 , HB1209 , HB1250 , SB2 , SB19 , SB24 , SB50 , SB70 , SB96 , SB101 , SB103 , SB104 , SB114 , SB122 , SB159 , SB160 , SB173 , SB180 , SB182 , SB260 , SB412 , SB418 , SB424 , SB442 , SB460 , SB476 , HCR41 , HCR76 , HCR77 , HCR63 , HCR69 , HCR86 , SCR19 , SCR3 , SCR6 , SCR18 , HB64 , HB68 , HB92 , HB130 , HB167 , HB227 , HB243 , HB321 , HB335 , HB398 , HB492 , HB624 , HB689 , HB708 , HB804 , HB906 , HB926 , HB955 , HB968 , HB969 , HB978 , HB985 , HB1005 , HB1029 , HB1069 , HB1077 , HB1095 , HB1104 , HB1107 , HB1187 , HB1203 , HB1217 , HB1220 , HB730 , HB225 , HB175 , HB198 , HB437 , HB457 , HB488 , HB646 , HB763 , HB909 , HB971 , HB981 , HB1066 , HB1089 , HB1125 , HB1154 , HB1231 , HB1246 , HB1248 , HB1249 , SB47 , SB82 , SB106 , SB206 , SB210 , SB248 , SB305 , SB376 , SB397 , SB441 , HCR32 , HB59 , HB617 , HB897 , HB911 , HB1223 , HB798 , HB824 , HB989 , HB1140 , HB1166 , HB1244 , HB901 , HB79 , HR20 , HR74 , HB284 , HB306 , HB366 , HB393 , HB458 , HB459 , HB577 , HB582 , HB605 , HB614 , HB682 , HB733 , HB752 , HB773 , HB996 , HB1035 , HB1113 , HB1180 , HB1234 , HB1240 , SB89
Keywords:
EJ Fields, Shreveport, Louisiana, gospel music, commendation, resolution, honorary resolution, Billboard Gospel Airplay, Mediabase Gospel Airplay, Mercy Endureth, music award, ministry, artist recognition, cultural heritage, spiritual heritage, African American gospel, local hero, state commendation, St. Charles Parish, parish day
LA
Transcript Highlights:
- certain acts relative to the sale of vapor products within 300 feet of schools.
- Act, to expand and enhance the healthy food financing program.
- to the Campaign Finance Disclosure Act, to provide for definitions.
- Title 18, relative to the Campaign Finance Disclosure Act, to provide for definitions.
- House Bill 181 by Representative Backelos is an act in Title 24.
Bills:
SCR12 , HB1259 , HB221 , HB509 , HCR117 , HCR58 , SCR29 , SCR33 , SB295 , SB312 , SB326 , SB348 , SB485 , SCR9 , SCR58 , SB35 , SB65 , SB215 , SB246 , SB249 , SB269 , SB282 , SB296 , SB323 , SB363 , SB369 , SB474 , SB490 , SB492 , SB500 , SB514 , HCR32 , HCR5 , HCR95 , HB75 , HB198 , HB244 , HB302 , HB325 , HB623 , HB719 , HB749 , HB755 , HB761 , HB797 , HB823 , HB1028 , HB1049 , HB1194 , HB1199 , HB1201 , HB1222 , HB17 , HB27 , HB36 , HB41 , HB73 , HB140 , HB166 , HB181 , HB211 , HB223 , HB226 , HB271 , HB308 , HB337 , HB399 , HB410 , HB487 , HB690 , HB712 , HB730 , HB750 , HB759 , HB762 , HB775 , HB906 , HB966 , HB968 , HB1006 , HB1009 , HB1018 , HB1036 , HB1062 , HB1081 , HB1086 , HB1098 , HB1107 , HB1112 , HB1203 , HB1215 , HB1220 , HB1242 , HB1252 , HB1256 , SB208 , SB217 , SB274 , SB283 , SB300 , SB341 , SB382 , SB387 , SB389 , SB401 , SB408 , SB449 , SB469 , HB74 , HB119 , HB134 , HB368 , HB414 , HB552 , HB732 , HB776 , HB848 , HB870 , HB953 , HB956 , HB1117 , HB1236 , SB29 , SB42 , SB43 , SB78 , SB149 , SB441 , HB210 , HB258 , HB359 , HB468 , HB784
Keywords:
logging, recognition, John Keith, environment, safety, Mississippi River bridge, Trump Expressway, transportation, federal funding, Louisiana highways, injection wells, public hearing, geologic sequestration, environmental impact, public comment, HCR117, House Concurrent Resolution 117, HOPE Committee, Homeowner Protection and Efficiency, Louisiana Citizens Property Insurance Corporation
NM
Transcript Highlights:
- Senate Bill 30 repeals a section of the Vital Statistics Act, 24-14-18.
- by written agreement, transmit copies of records and other reports required by the Vital Statistics Act
- In 2023, we passed the Health Care Freedom Act. That was House Bill 7.
- Court said and found—and I'm reading from the Department of Justice brief—that the Health Care Freedom Act
- I hear concerns about claims under our New Mexico Civil Rights Act.
Committees:
Senate Senate Judiciary , Senate House Judiciary
Keywords:
SB30, induced abortion, abortion reporting, vital statistics, public health reporting, medical records, health care providers, repeal, New Mexico, pregnancy termination, abortion data, state reporting requirements, confidentiality, reproductive health, parole, life imprisonment, rehabilitation, criminal justice, victim rights, law enforcement
NM
Transcript Highlights:
- So, is someone who acts willfully and recklessly acting in the course and scope of their employment?
- So, is someone who acts willfully and recklessly acting in the course and scope of their employment?
- They need us to act in a way that's responsible, and they want us to act in a way that is responsible
- They need us to act in a way that's responsible, and they want us to act in a way that is responsible
- Reporting Act.
Committee:
House House Judiciary
Keywords:
medical malpractice, malpractice reform, patient's compensation fund, PCF, health care liability, tort reform, damage caps, punitive damages, hospital liability, physician liability, nurse practitioner, certified nurse-midwife, outpatient facility, ambulatory surgical center, urgent care, free-standing emergency room, insurance surcharge, superintendent of insurance, New Mexico hospitals, medical review process
AZ
Transcript Highlights:
- in the employee's official capacity from using any person... ...subdivision of Arizona acting in the
- And instead of investing this energy... ...the Endangered Species Act.
- Act and the rest of it. So why the ACA? What do they say about this?
- to the Clean Air Act, because a lot of the provisions in the Clean Air Act is driving the increased
- Prescribing by rule may limit the discretion to act in the best interest of the trust.
Bills:
HB2014 , HB2055 , HB2145 , HB2150 , HB2696 , HB2755 , HB2763 , HB2781 , HB2782 , HB2787 , HB2795 , HB2889 , HB2975 , HB2985 , HB2986 , HCM2009 , HCR2020 , HCR2038
Keywords:
air emissions, fuel blends, environmental quality, feasibility study, Arizona Department of Agriculture, brackish groundwater, water supply development, desalination, Arizona Revised Statutes, water infrastructure, financial assistance, environmental reviews, fuel reformulation, gasoline standards, environmental regulations, ethanol supply, Air Quality, state land department, mineral lease, renewals
MA
Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session
Joint Committee on Veterans and Federal Affairs Jun 21st, 2026 at 01:00 pm
Joint Committee on Veterans and Federal Affairs
Transcript Highlights:
- Passing H. 3851 is an act of solidarity.
- in 2006, one that became the model for the 2010 Affordable Care Act.
- This reclamation begins by using the brilliant Constitution.
- A reformed United Nations would allow for that.
- A reformed United Nations would allow for that.
Summary:
The hearing of the Joint Committee on Veterans and Federal Affairs was opened by Chair Joe McGonagle and Vice Chair Senator Mike Rush, who noted that Chair John Velis was deployed with the Massachusetts National Guard. The chairs explained the hybrid format, three-minute testimony limit, live streaming, and filing deadlines, and said the committee would hear 11 House bills and eight Senate bills dealing with federal and overseas issues. Much of the hearing centered on competing resolutions about Article 5 constitutional conventions, along with related resolutions on D.C. statehood, child labor, Citizens United, and Cambodia.
Supporters of H. 4692 and S. 284, a joint resolution to rescind all prior Massachusetts Article 5 convention applications, argued that old resolutions from the 1930s and 1970s could be used to count Massachusetts toward the 34-state threshold for calling a federal constitutional convention. Testifiers from Common Cause, the League of Women Voters, the ACLU, Reproductive Equity Now, labor groups, and others warned that a convention would have no clear rules, could not be reliably limited to specific topics, and could put civil rights, reproductive rights, labor protections, and other constitutional protections at risk. Several speakers also cited a recent federal lawsuit and said the safest course was to remove outdated applications from the books.
A large opposing panel testified in support of H. 3888, a resolution calling for a Convention of States to propose amendments limiting federal power, imposing fiscal restraints, and establishing term limits. Supporters argued that Article 5 provides a lawful way to address federal overreach, debt, and congressional stagnation, and said the process would be limited by state applications and ratification by 38 states. Some committee members and witnesses raised concerns about a runaway convention, broad language in the resolution, and whether Congress could or should set rules for such a convention. Representative Gentile also testified in support of several related resolutions on overturning Citizens United, D.C. statehood, and the child labor amendment, while Representative Howard and Representative Tongue supported a Cambodia resolution condemning political oppression and urging free and fair elections. No votes or final actions were taken during the hearing.
WA
Washington 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Agriculture & Natural Resources Jan 23rd, 2026 at 10:30 am
Agriculture & Natural Resources
Transcript Highlights:
- As you all are likely now familiar, DNR regulates surface mine reclamation.
- As you all are likely now familiar, DNR regulates surface mine reclamation.
- As you all are likely now familiar, DNR regulates surface mine reclamation.
- I'm acting assistant state geologist and acting director of the Washington Geological Survey for the
- I'm acting assistant state geologist and acting director of the Washington Geological Survey for the
Committee:
House Agriculture & Natural Resources
LA
Transcript Highlights:
- And then last, it reforms Medicaid's reasonable opportunity periods.
- Acting Chairman. I don't want to ask you questions, but I bring up the idea.
- as defined in the children's code, which could be any sexual act with another child.
- Act 409, we talked about a lot. That did provide additional work to the department.
- And that act was occurring, and that infant died. And that infant died.
Bills:
HR267 , HCR105 , HCR107 , HCR110 , HCR113 , HCR114 , SB4 , SB52 , SB57 , SB145 , SB152 , SB194 , SB237 , SB333 , SB433 , SB483 , SCR37
Committee:
House Health and Welfare
Keywords:
diabetes, amputation, amputations, diabetic foot ulcer, peripheral artery disease, PAD, wound care, podiatry, vascular disease, endocrinology, limb salvage, health policy, public health, healthcare costs, insurance coverage, Louisiana Department of Health, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Louisiana Center for Health Innovation, patient education, screening
OK
Oklahoma 2026 Regular Session
House of Representatives Second Regular Session of the 60th Legislature Day 8 Feb 12th, 2026 at 09:30 am
Oklahoma House Floor Meeting
Bills:
HB3880 , HB3263 , HB2970 , HB3043 , HB3044 , HB3078 , HB3940 , HB4117 , HB3428 , HB4275 , HB3257 , HB3901 , HB4298 , HB4260 , HB2981 , HB3695 , HB2960 , HB3967 , HB3968 , HB4339 , HB4341 , HB4342 , HB2940 , HB4295 , HB4196 , HB3134 , HB1016
Keywords:
Oklahoma Today Magazine, Oklahoma Tourism and Recreation Department, tourism promotion, advertising sales, commission pay, employee bonus, sales commission, digital publication, print publication, sponsorships, bulk subscriptions, newsstand sales, ancillary products, public records, procurement exemption, administrative procedures exemption, tourism magazine, revenue sharing, executive director, state agency compensation
OK
Oklahoma 2026 Regular Session
House of Representatives Second Regular Session of the 60th Legislature Day 42 Apr 16th, 2026 at 09:30 am
Oklahoma House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- An act relating to the uniform retirement system for justices and judges.
- House and Hall of the Senate, an act relating to the pardon and parole board.
- an act relating to the Oklahoma Pension and Retirement System.
- of the House and Senate, an act relating to schools.
- Senate Bill 1481 by Caldwell of the House and Senate, an act relating to schools.
Bills:
SB1365 , SB2139 , SB1595 , SB1303 , SB2180 , SB2072 , SB1772 , SB1209 , SB137 , SB1944 , SB372 , SB1636 , SB1256 , SB1827 , SB2104 , SB1226 , SB1876 , SB1966 , SB80 , SB1148 , SB1147 , SB1149 , SB1161 , SB1162 , SB1164 , SB1159 , SB1165 , SB1174 , SB1156 , SB1158 , SB1163 , SB1175 , SB1176 , SB1166 , SB1167 , SB1157 , SB1146 , SB1481 , SB1144 , SB1145 , SCR20
Keywords:
SB1365, Oklahoma Central Purchasing Act, procurement exemption, competitive bidding, state purchasing, Oklahoma Tourism and Recreation Department, tourism department, merchandise for resale, gift shops, lodges, golf pro shops, state parks, restaurant contracting, retail outlets, public procurement, purchasing flexibility, Title 74, emergency clause, restrictive covenants, discriminatory covenants
WA
Transcript Highlights:
- I support the COAL Act for three fundamental reasons.
- Washington has led on many progressive economic reforms.
- The Coal Act does not cost the state. The Coal Act does not cost the state.
- The Coal Act does not change the SIB's fiduciary responsibilities.
- Yes, my name is Anna Joie Gillis, and I am testifying in support of the Coal Act.
Committee:
Senate Ways & Means
WA
Washington 2025-2026 Regular Session
House State Government & Tribal Relations Jan 20th, 2026 at 01:30 pm
State Government & Tribal Relations
Transcript Highlights:
- In the executive branch, the Governor's Office of Indian Affairs, or GOIA, acts as a liaison between
- In the executive branch, the Governor's Office of Indian Affairs, or GOIA, acts as a liaison between
- ruling that, without expressly overturning its previous findings, held that Title VI of the Civil Rights Act
- services provided by any agency, nor does it remove the underlying obligations under the Civil Rights Act
- Please pass House Bill 2475 and give our agencies the authority to act on language access now.
Committee:
House State Government & Tribal Relations
Keywords:
conflict of interest, transparency, state employees, municipal officers, ethics, fire safety, state fire marshals, regulation, public safety, emergency services, HB 2249, Washington Technology Solutions, WaTech, civil service, classified service, exempt employees, state employment, state personnel, network security, cybersecurity
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Criminal justice reform is a focus on locking people up that we're scared of, not people we're mad at
- recognizes that running away from home... ...currently classified as a status offense is not a criminal act
- These reforms align Texas with national best practices and federal juvenile justice standards.
- As you heard and know, the act of running away itself is not a crime.
Bills:
HB1821 , HB1822 , HB1943 , HB3882 , HB4263 , HB4476 , HB4628 , HB4631 , HB4885 , HB4923 , HB5461 , HB5483 , HB5525
Committee:
House S/C on Juvenile Justice
Keywords:
juvenile records, sealing, privacy, criminal justice, youth rehabilitation, legal procedures, juvenile court, record sealing, nondisclosure, age jurisdiction, criminal justice reform, juvenile board, compensation, Winkler County, juvenile justice, county funding, grants, career education, technical programs, workforce development
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- President Trump signed the Lincoln-Riley Act, directing the United States Attorney General to take custody
- And so in that section, one of those is a terrorist act. threat and I'm just what exactly constitutes
- You know, there's a federal right, as you know, the Federal Crime Victims Compensation Act. right well
Bills:
SJR1 , SB9 , SB40 , SJR36 , SJR1 , SJR5 , SB9 , SB40 , SJR1 , SB9 , SB40 , SR62 , SR92 , SR95 , SR108 , SR110 , SR111 , SR113 , SR114 , SR117 , SR120 , SB314 , SB314
Keywords:
bail denial, illegal aliens, felony offenses, constitutional amendment, law enforcement, bail reform, defendants, pretrial detention, public safety, criminal justice, charitable bail organizations, bail bonds, public funds, political subdivision, injunctive relief, taxpayer rights, bail, criminal justice reform, El Paso, economic development
HI
Hawaii 2026 Regular Session
House Chamber - Thu Apr 9, 2026, 12:00PM HST - Day 42
Hawaii House Floor Meeting
Bills:
SB3136 , SB2521 , SB2851 , SB3154 , SB3262 , SB2387 , SB3001 , SB2818 , SB2972 , SB2372 , SB2108 , SB888 , SB3320 , SB2798 , SB2110 , SB3007 , SB2615 , SB2095 , SB2101 , SB3138 , SB2756 , SB3229 , SB2969 , SB3286 , SB3238 , SB2557 , SB3140 , SB2014 , SB3097 , SB3096 , SB3069 , SB99 , SB2930 , SB2268 , SB2543 , SB3022 , SB3109 , SB3215 , SB3152 , SB3156 , SB3234 , SB3053 , SB3067 , SB2673 , SB411 , SB2041 , SB2919 , SB2532 , SB2152 , SB2721 , SB2446 , SB2601 , SB2239 , SB2804 , SB3324 , SB2802 , SB2577 , SB2320 , SB2706 , SB2595 , SB2781 , SB2961 , SB2433 , SB2657 , SB2340 , SB3045 , SB3203 , SB2861 , SB3245 , SB2803 , SB3204 , SB3025 , SB2138 , SB2645 , SB3082 , SB2109 , SB2261 , SB3332 , SB2811 , SB2567 , SB2125 , SB2866 , SB83 , SB874 , SB2386 , SB3137 , SB3132 , SB2175 , SB2272 , SB2271 , SB847 , SB3302 , SB2089 , SB2102 , SB2050 , SB2694 , SB2487 , SB2061 , SB709 , SB3083 , SB2151 , SB2852 , SB2471 , SB2568 , SB2253 , SB2697 , SB2429 , SB2929 , SB3032 , SB2057 , SB148 , SB2353 , SB2075 , SB2907 , SB2074 , SB3219 , SB3218 , SB2367 , SB3048 , SB17 , SB3253 , SB2376 , SB3103 , SB2999 , SB3255 , SB1166 , SB3157 , SB2698 , SB3029 , SB2146 , SB2470 , SB3040 , SB3076 , SB2575 , SB3294 , SB2438 , SB2530 , SB2688
Keywords:
lead-free, lead in drinking water, drinking water, water infrastructure, public water system, plumbing, pipe fittings, solder, flux, fixtures, cast iron pipe repair, nonpotable water, Safe Drinking Water Act, Department of Health, water quality, lead exposure, lead contamination, water utilities, backflow preventer, fire hydrant
AZ
Arizona 2026 Regular Session
03/10/2026 - House Natural Resources, Energy & Water
Natural Resources, Energy & Water
Transcript Highlights:
- SMR co-located with a large industrial energy user that does not obtain a CEC in compliance with this act
- We have the Department of the Interior, BIA, Bureau of Reclamation, and WAPA all in support of what we're
- regularly with recharge topics, and I was asked by Marbella Homes, my client, to do a couple of recharge reforms
- regularly with recharge topics and I was asked by Marbella homes my client to do a couple of recharge reforms
Committees:
House Natural Resources, Energy & Water , House House Natural Resources, Energy & Water Committee of Reference
Keywords:
groundwater, water conservation, Arizona water resources, drought management, water quality, irrigation, active management area, domestic use, stock watering, water rights, water storage, recovery well, Arizona Revised Statutes, water management, emergency permit, San Carlos irrigation project, Bureau of Indian Affairs, divestiture, electric power, rate instability