Video & Transcript : 'Ms. Mejia' :

Page 17 of 491
TX
Transcript Highlights:
  • Our deputy general counsel, Ms.
  • Ms. Ballinger, you heard, uh, Ms.
  • Is it Ms. Caesar? OK, Ms. Caesar, uh, will you be providing testimony in this matter? Ms.
  • Uh, did you hear that, Ms.
  • OK, Ms. Caesar.
US
Transcript Highlights:
  • Ms.
  • To both Ms. Rogers and Ms.
  • Ms.
  • Ms.
  • Ms.
Summary: The meeting featured a thorough examination of various bills, including substantial discussions on HB22 and SB4. Key points included amendments proposed by committee members, particularly from Senator Flinstone, who emphasized the need for clarifications on certain provisions. The committee actively engaged with several witnesses providing public testimony, some in favor of the proposed legislation while others highlighted concerns and potential implications. The discussions were vibrant, showcasing different perspectives, especially on the environmental and economic impacts of the bills in question. The meeting concluded with a consensus to reconvene after a recess to further address the outstanding issues related to the bills.
HI

Hawaii 2025 Regular Session

House Chamber - Wed Feb 12, 2025, 12:00PM HST - Day 18

Hawaii House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Kusch, Ms. Leik, Ms. Lamosao, Ms. Lee, Ms. Loen, Mr. Martin, Ms. Matayoshi. Mr. Matsumoto, Mr.
  • Olds, Ms. Perruso. Mr. Perck, Ms. Poepoe, Mr. Quinlan, Ms. Reyes Oda, Mr. Sayama, Mr. Shimizu. Ms.
  • Ms. Iwamoto, Ms. Kahaloa, Ms. Kapela, Ms. Keohokapu-Lee Loy, Mr. Kila, Mr. Takayama, Mr. Kong. Mr.
  • Kusch, Ms. Leik, Ms. Lamosao, Ms. Lee, Ms. Loen, Mr. Martin, Ms. Matayoshi. Mr. Matsumoto, Mr.
  • Leik, Ms. Lamosao, Ms. Lee, Ms. Loen, Mr. Martin, Ms. Matayoshi. Mr. Matsumoto, Mr. Miyake, Ms.
TX

Texas 89th Regular

89th Legislative Session Jun 2nd, 2025

Texas House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • The chair recognizes Ms. Garcia.
  • Many of you may know Kayla as Ms.
  • Ms. Schaffner: Thank you so much.
  • Ms.
  • Chair, recognize Ms. Richardson.
Summary: The House met on sine die and began with prayer, pledges, quorum verification, and a series of announcements and recognitions. The chamber received Senate messages reporting adoption of conference committee reports on SB 268 and SB 2972, and Senate concurrence in House amendments to SB 1637. Members also referred several resolutions and announced the signing of numerous House and Senate measures by the presence of the House. Technical correction resolutions were adopted: HCR 171, authorizing corrections to HB 46, passed 138-0, and SCR 55, making a wording correction in SB 1964, passed 126-12. A large portion of the meeting was devoted to memorials and recognitions. The House honored Pastor Dave Welch, with several members offering condolences and reflections on his work organizing pastors and engaging in civic life, followed by a moment of silence. Members also recognized the Ganado High School Maidens for winning the 2025 UIL 2A Division I softball state championship, Waco police K-9 Andor after being shot in the line of duty, Region 7 DPS for Capitol Complex security, and various restaurants, staff members, interns, caucus staff, and caucus freshmen of the year across Republican, Democratic, Black, Progressive, LGBTQ, IT, Energy and Climate, and Mexican American Legislative Caucuses. The chamber also heard a retirement-style address from Rep. Tony Tinderholt, who reflected on his six sessions in the House, his military service, and his decision to step aside to focus on family, while colleagues from both parties praised his service, discipline, and willingness to work across differences. The House then continued with additional staff and caucus recognitions, including committee staff, district office staff, and interns, with members repeatedly thanking their teams for their work during the session.
ID

Idaho 2026 Regular Session

Mar 25th, 2026

Transcript Highlights:
  • Ms. Figurato, please call the roll.
  • Ms. Figueredo, now you can call the roll. Ms. Figueredo: Senator Grow, Woodward, aye. Cook.
  • Ms. Mitchell: Price. Aye. Harris. Green. Anybody wish to change his or her vote?
  • CNN, Ms. Figurato, please call the roll. The motion is there a second? Second.
  • CNN, Ms. Figurato, please call the roll. Seeing none, Ms. Figueredo, please call the roll.
Summary: The committee received a General Fund Daily Update and Budget Monitor presentation from Legislative Services Office staff, who explained that the budget picture was nearly complete, with most general fund agency actions and germane bill impacts already reflected. Members also discussed revenue performance, including that the state was about $89.5 million behind the legislative revenue target and that April revenue reports would be especially important. Staff noted that the estimated ending balance was close to negative $44.1 million, with some uncertainty remaining because of revenue volatility and pending monthly reports. The committee then considered a series of budget-balancing cash transfers and related actions. It approved transfers from the Permanent Building Fund to the Legislature, a 5% reduction in the legislative transfer, a $13 million transfer from the Idaho Broadband Fund to the General Fund, transfers from inactive school district building account subaccounts, and a conditional transfer from the 27th payroll fund if needed. It also approved moving interest earnings from the Budget Stabilization Fund, Water Pollution Control Fund, Permanent Building Fund, and several American Rescue Plan Act-related funds to the General Fund or Strategic Initiatives Fund, along with transfers involving the Fire Suppression Deficiency Account and Strategic Initiatives Fund balances. Several members commented on the policy choices, including support for legislative belt-tightening and concern about using interest earnings transfers, especially from the Budget Stabilization Fund. One member questioned whether those transfers were appropriate if the budget remained balanced, while another asked for clarification on how Strategic Initiatives Fund allocations would be used. Most motions passed with due pass recommendations in both chambers’ committee votes, and the committee adjourned after scheduling another meeting for the following morning to continue work on remaining cash transfers and possible Fish and Game items.
ID

Idaho 2026 Regular Session

Mar 18th, 2026

Health and Welfare

Transcript Highlights:
  • You are aware that Ms.
  • You are aware that Ms.
  • Thank you, Ms. Sanchez.
  • Ms. Sanchez.
  • Ms. Sanchez: Yes. Ms.
US
Transcript Highlights:
  • In one chapter, Ms.
  • I hope this hearing and Ms.
  • Sadly, our witness, Ms.
  • Ms.
  • Ms.
Summary: The meeting of the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Crime and Counterterrorism focused on oversight of Meta's foreign relations and representations to Congress. An essential witness, Sarah Wynne-Williams, a former executive at Facebook, provided testimony outlining significant concerns about the company's practices and its complicity in aiding oppressive regimes. The atmosphere was charged, with ongoing debates about the regulation of big tech companies and the ethical implications of their policies. The committee explored topics such as user data management, whistleblower retaliation, and the need for legislative measures to protect users and enhance accountability in the tech sector. A notable point of contention was Facebook's alleged cooperation with the Chinese government regarding the dissemination of user data and AI tools, leading to serious ethical implications.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
  • Ms. Zwiener sends up an amendment. Ms. Schaffner moves to table.
  • Show Ms. Schaffner voting aye. Show Ms. Luther voting no. Show Ms. Luther voting aye.
  • Thank you, Ms. Collier.
  • Ms. Collier sends up an amendment. Ms. Schaffner moves to table.
  • Ms. Schaffner voting aye. Ms. Luther voting aye. Ms. Fairley voting aye. ... have all voted.
Bills: HB25 , HB48 , HB149 , HB254 , HB26 , HB192 , HCR3 , HCR4 , HCR5 , HCR6 , HCR8 , HCR14 , HCR16 , HR1 , HR2 , HR3 , HR4 , HR6 , HR7 , HR8 , HR9 , HR12 , HR11 , HR13 , HR14 , HR15 , HR16 , HR20 , HR22 , HR23 , HR24 , HR25 , HR26 , HR27 , HR28 , HR29 , HR30 , HR31 , HR32 , HR33 , HR45 , HR48 , HR49 , HR51 , HR52 , HR55 , HR56 , HR57 , HR59 , HR60 , HR61 , HR62 , HR63 , HR64 , HR65 , HR66 , HR70 , HR71 , HR72 , HR74 , HCR2 , HCR7 , HR10 , HR21 , HR35 , HR36 , HR37 , HR38 , HR39 , HR40 , HR42 , HR43 , HR44 , HR46 , HR47 , HR50 , HR53 , HR54 , HR67 , HR69 , HR75 , HCR5 , HCR6 , HCR8 , HCR14 , HCR16 , HR1 , HR3 , HR4 , HR6 , HR7 , HR8 , HR9 , HR12 , HR11 , HR13 , HR14 , HR15 , HR16 , HR20 , HR22 , HR23 , HR24 , HR25 , HR26 , HR27 , HR28 , HR29 , HR30 , HR31 , HR32 , HR33 , HR45 , HR48 , HR49 , HR51 , HR52 , HR55 , HR56 , HR57 , HR59 , HR60 , HR61 , HR62 , HR63 , HR64 , HR65 , HR66 , HR70 , HR71 , HR72 , HR74 , HCR7 , HR10 , HR21 , HR35 , HR36 , HR37 , HR38 , HR39 , HR40 , HR42 , HR43 , HR44 , HR46 , HR47 , HR50 , HR53 , HR54 , HR67 , HR69 , HB25 , HB48 , HB149 , HB254 , HB26 , HB192
TX

Texas 89th Regular

Criminal Jurisprudence May 13th, 2025

Criminal Jurisprudence

Transcript Highlights:
  • Ms. Jones has a question? Ms. Ramos?
  • Ms.
  • Ms.
  • Ms.
  • Thank you, Ms. Morales. Any questions for Ms. Morales? Ms. Jones?
Summary: The Committee on Criminal Jurisprudence met with a quorum and heard a series of Senate bills, generally receiving sponsor explanations and, in most cases, no public testimony. SB 2595 would create a Class B misdemeanor for harassing, threatening, or intimidating someone while intentionally concealing identity with a mask, with broad affirmative defenses for legitimate mask use; SB 1980 would increase penalties for assaulting peace officers, parole officers, and community supervision officers and add related presumptions and interference protections; and SB 1896 would require magistrates to issue emergency protective orders in certain family violence, sexual assault, stalking, and aggravated cases, with law enforcement required to provide needed information. All three were left pending. The committee also heard SB 955, which increases trafficking of persons from a second-degree to a first-degree felony when the victim was recruited from a correctional facility, and SB 614, which would let the Texas Forensic Science Commission refer dismissed complaints to the Office of Capital and Forensic Writs when they reference a prior FSC report; both were left pending. Members then heard several forensic and criminal procedure bills. SB 1372 would resolve a discovery/access conflict involving the DPS crime lab portal by limiting portal access to defense attorneys rather than defendants directly, prompting questions from members about access for pro se defendants; DPS’s chief crime lab witness testified neutrally. SB 1936 would change the LSD “abuse unit” definition for unmarked/unperforated paper from a square-measurement method to a 10-milligram weight standard, and SB 1937 would require a subject matter expert from the testing lab to participate in pretrial meetings in capital cases involving biological evidence to help identify viable testing and conserve resources. SB 2580 would lower the population threshold for sheriff’s departments to independently use tracking equipment and access certain communications from 3.3 million to 500,000, expanding the authority beyond Harris County; it was described as a public safety and emergency response measure and left pending. The committee also considered SB 2798, which would extend the statute of limitations for certain financial crimes from three years to seven years, with testimony from a Montgomery County assistant district attorney supporting the change because fraud is often discovered late. SB 1099 would increase penalties for felony offenses committed by undocumented or unauthorized aliens, but drew strong opposition from the Texas Civil Rights Project, which argued immigration is a federal matter and that the bill would create difficult and potentially unfair status determinations for local courts; members raised concerns about the lack of an expert-testimony requirement. SB 1278 would create an affirmative defense to prostitution prosecution for trafficking victims compelled by their traffickers to commit the conduct, and testimony from advocates and a member’s personal account emphasized the coercive, traumatic nature of trafficking; members discussed whether the defense should be narrower or framed as mitigation, and the bill was left pending. Finally, SB 127 would extend the statute of limitations for failure to report or conceal child abuse, with members discussing mandatory reporting duties and the need to allow more time for delayed discovery of cover-ups; it too was left pending before the committee adjourned.
FL

Florida 2026 Regular Session

February 26, 2026 - 03:30 PM

Commerce Committee

Transcript Highlights:
  • Next up, we have Ms. Montessa Bryant coming to speak. Ms.
  • And after Ms. Myers, we have Jeff Knoll. Thank you. Ms.
  • Up next is Ms. Empress. You, sir, up next is Ms. Empress. Ms.
  • We have Ms.
  • Ms. Karen Geroch from Heritage... Waves in support. Ms.
Summary: The committee first heard CS/HB 1263 on insurance regulation. The sponsor said the bill would strengthen the Office of Insurance Regulation’s tools to oversee property and auto insurance markets, including market conduct and solvency exams, mitigation discounts, storage of mitigation inspection forms, and clearer oversight of pharmacy benefit managers. An amendment narrowing fingerprinting requirements was adopted, and the bill passed favorably after supportive testimony from OIR and others. Members then considered CS/HB 527, which would require a qualified human review before an insurance claim can be denied or reduced when artificial intelligence is used in the process. After an amendment removing the word “algorithm” was adopted, insurers and trade groups testified in opposition, arguing current law already covers claims handling and that the bill could create duplicative work and slow innovation. Supporters, including a consumer and labor representative, said human judgment is needed to protect claimants. The bill passed favorably. The committee also approved CS/HB 637 on farm equipment “lemon law” rights, with an amendment clarifying consumer definitions, refund rights, repair-period extensions, and a July 1, 2026 effective date. CS/HB 107 on data centers also passed after an amendment narrowing the five-mile siting restriction to data centers over 50 megawatts and adding noise-study requirements; business groups supported a framework but opposed the NDA ban and siting limits, while several members raised competitiveness and local-impact concerns. Later, the committee passed CS/HB 1291 on NICA funding and solvency, CS/HB 185 on a sales tax exemption for home-hardening products, CS/HB 425 on historic African-American cemetery preservation, CS/CS/CS/HB 1177 on Space Florida and spaceport operations, CS/CS/CS/HB 657 on community associations and HOA/condo reforms, and CS/CS/HB 1221, the DFS package. The final major item discussed was CS/HB 1001 on local government DEI restrictions, which drew extensive questioning about definitions, exceptions, cultural and religious observances, advisory councils, and contracting rules; the transcript cuts off before the bill’s final disposition.
LA

Louisiana 2026 Regular Session

Civil Law and Procedure Mar 30th, 2026

Civil Law and Procedure

Transcript Highlights:
  • Thank you, Ms.
  • Ms. Alonzo, if you could read that. Ms. Alonzo, if you could read that into the record.
  • In opposition, Ms. Julie Swan Harris, I'm present like to speak. Ms. Julie Swan Harris.
  • Ms. Julie Harris, please.
  • This is Ms. Carroll.
Bills: HCR6 , HCR19 , HB81 , HB134 , HB154 , HB163 , HB170 , HB194 , HB254 , HB318 , HB410 , HB473 , HB485 , HB718 , HB970
ID

Idaho 2026 Regular Session

Feb 11th, 2026

Health and Welfare

Transcript Highlights:
  • Ms.
  • Ms. Shurak Irwin.
  • Chairman and Ms.
  • Ms. Shurak Irwin.
  • Ms.
ID

Idaho 2026 Regular Session

Mar 6th, 2026

Transcript Highlights:
  • This morning we have Ms.
  • So at that time, Ms.
  • Ms. Williamson is awesome.
  • All right, let’s try to get Ms. Figueroa—I don’t know.” “Let’s try it again, and Ms. Figueroa.”
  • Hearing none, Ms. Figurado, any other motions? Let's go ahead and vote on this motion. Ms.
Summary: The Joint Finance-Appropriations Committee met to consider several Department of Health and Welfare Medicaid items, Idaho State Police budgets, the Department of Juvenile Corrections, and the Department of Administration and Military Division. The committee first approved a FY 2026 Medicaid forecast supplemental, then approved a budget-neutral FY 2026 hospital assessment fund shift and creation of a separate hospital assessment budgeted program. For FY 2027 Medicaid, members heard extensive discussion of MMIS procurement, estate recovery, program integrity, purchasing staff, hospital assessment alignment, population forecast adjustments, and proposed reductions tied to provider rates and RESHAB. After debate among three competing motions, the committee rejected two alternatives and passed the original motion, which included the governor’s recommended Medicaid adjustments and the $22 million reduction concept, sending it with a do pass recommendation. The committee then approved Idaho State Police Brand Inspection replacement items for trucks and equipment, as well as Idaho State Police division requests for a commercial vehicle safety grant increase, a mobile live scan pilot, and replacement patrol vehicles and equipment. POST Academy replacement items were also approved. For the Department of Juvenile Corrections, members approved clinician service transfer funding from Health and Welfare, replacement items, IT hardware, and restoration of six FTPs and related funding for direct care staff and substance use disorder mentoring services. In the Department of Administration budget, the committee debated Medicaid procurement staffing and related transfers. A substitute motion to fund three FTPs failed, and the committee ultimately approved a compromise motion funding two FTPs, utilities alignment, program transfers, inflationary utilities, IT hardware, and a prior rescission adjustment. The Military Division enhancement request for indirect cost recovery for emergency management and state education assistance funding was also approved. The committee adjourned after announcing its Monday agenda, which included DEQ, public school support and financing, services for the deaf and blind, Idaho Digital Learning Academy, the State Board of Education, and the Department of Education.
ID

Idaho 2026 Regular Session

Feb 20th, 2026

Transcript Highlights:
  • Thank you, Ms. Ider.
  • We'll bring Ms. Heiner back.
  • Thank you, Ms. Lippett. Any motions from the committee? Thank you, Ms. Lippett.
  • Ms. Dupree, Mr.
  • Ms. Dupree, Mr. Chair... Ms. Dupree, Mr.
Summary: The Joint Finance-Appropriations Committee began with recognition of two outgoing pages, who described their experiences working at the Capitol and their plans for college and law school. The committee then received a general fund budget update from Legislative Services analyst Christopher LaHosette, who explained the green sheet, noted that the governor’s enhancement requests are effectively larger because of prior cuts, and highlighted policy bills tied to budget reductions, including House Bill 622 for IDLA and Senate Bill 1312 for Medicaid. Senator Wintrow asked about how agencies already filled out on the budget sheet could still be adjusted, and LaHosette said an agency would need to be added to the agenda before a motion could be made. The committee then acted on several budgets. It approved a $17,800 reimbursement to the Military Division for hazardous materials costs, but rejected a larger Military Division enhancement package after debate over restoring the State Education Assistance Program for guardsmen and concerns about budget process and ending balances. The committee approved Percy’s $2.6 million dedicated-funds request for pension software, continuity planning, and replacement items. It also approved the Division of Veterans Services budget, including new equipment, replacement items, federal IT hardware, and reappropriation authority for veterans’ home construction and renovation funds. A proposed intent language item for the Division of Veterans Services, directing the legislature to add $36,200 ongoing in fiscal year 2028 for cemetery maintenance, failed after members said it could not bind a future legislature and that the intent was only to signal future attention. The committee then approved the Commission for the Blind and Visually Impaired enhancement request and accepted language directing the agency to prioritize site restoration services. It also approved a small Vocational Rehabilitation lease increase for the Council for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, and later approved the State Tax Commission’s $765,300 supplemental for federal tax conformity implementation, along with a larger enhancement package for property tax education, GenTax automation, personnel, replacement items, seasonal employees, and OITS hardware. The committee accepted language restricting one Tax Commission item to fast tax collection vendor payments and requiring any unused amount to revert to the general fund. Finally, the committee adopted technical corrections to previously approved maintenance bill language for the Legislature and the State Board of Education, including fixes to transfer authority and year references. The chair announced that the committee would hear budget presentations for the Department of Water Resources and the Soil and Water Conservation Commission on Monday, with no votes scheduled, and then adjourned.
AR

Arkansas 2026 Regular Session

ALC-CLAIMS REVIEW/LITIGATION REPORTS OVERSIGHT Mar 16th, 2026

ALC-CLAIMS REVIEW/LITIGATION REPORTS OVERSIGHT

Transcript Highlights:
  • Ms.
  • Ms. Irby.
  • Ms. Irby, would you like to add anything? Ms. Irby, would you like to add?
  • So is it Ms. Greer? Yes.
  • Ms. Herbie would like to add. Well, just to piggyback on what Ms.
ID

Idaho 2026 Regular Session

Mar 12th, 2026

Environment, Energy and Technology

Transcript Highlights:
  • Thank you, Ms. Snyder. Appreciate your testimony. Thank you for your time. Thank you, Ms. Snyder.
  • Next up, on the telephone, Ms. Heisner. Next up, on the telephone, Ms. Heisner.
  • Let's go ahead and go with Ms. Bacon. She's joining us as we speak. Ms. Bacon, can you hear us?
  • Thank you, Ms. Bacon. Committee, any questions? Seeing none, thank you very much for your time, Ms.
  • Ms. Cosette, please begin. Okay. All right, hi. My name is Wendy Cosette.
WA

Washington 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Agriculture & Natural Resources Feb 24th, 2026 at 10:30 am

Agriculture & Natural Resources

Transcript Highlights:
  • We're going to start with a staff briefing from Ms. Lewis. When you're ready, Ms.
  • With that, we're going to start with a staff briefing from Ms. Smith. When you're ready, Ms.
  • Seeing no other questions for Ms. McBroom, and I apologize, I think Ms. England is next.
  • Ms. Back to this question, because I think Mr. Sanbatero had his hand up, Ms.
  • Any questions for Ms. Smith? Any questions for Ms. Smith?
Bills: SB5919 , SB5816
HI

Hawaii 2025 Regular Session

House Chamber - Tue Mar 18, 2025, 12:00PM HST - Day 34

Hawaii House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Amato, Ms. Bellati, Mr. Chun, Ms. Cochran excused, Mr. Evslin, Mr. Garcia, Ms. Garrett, Ms.
  • Hussey, Ms. Ichiyama, Mr. Ilagan, Ms. Iwamoto, Mr. Kahaloa, Ms. Kapela, Ms. Keohokapu-Lee Loy.
  • Kila, Ms. Kagawa, Mr. Kong, Mr. Kusch, Mr. Lamosao, Mr. Lee. Mr. Lee, Ms. Lee, Ms. Lowen, Ms.
  • Matsumoto, Ms. Miyake, Ms. Morikawa, Mr. Moroka, Ms. Perruso, Mr. Perck? Mr. Po? Mr. Quinlan, Ms.
  • Sayama, Ms. Shimizu, Ms. Souza, Ms. Takayama, Mr. Takoi, Mr. Tam, Ms. Templo, Mr. Todd, Mr.
LA

Louisiana 2026 Regular Session

Transportation, Highways and Public Works May 26th, 2026

Transportation, Highways & Public Works

Transcript Highlights:
  • SCR-64, Ms. Champagne. Mr.
  • Ms. Champagne. Mr.
  • Ms. Champaign. Mr.
  • Ms. Watson. Ms. Watson.
  • Ms. Champaign. Mr.
Bills: HR275 , HR282 , HCR112 , SCR62 , SCR64 , SB513
Summary: The House Transportation Committee met on May 26 with a quorum present and took up several resolutions and one Senate bill. SCR 64 created a task force to study construction management at risk (CMAR) in Louisiana public works; an amendment added representatives from the Louisiana Associated General Contractors and Associated Builders and Contractors, and the resolution was reported with amendments. HR 282 created a task force to study utility terrain vehicles with state agencies; an amendment added the State Fire Marshal, and it was also reported with amendments. The committee then considered SB 513 on public works project delivery methods. The bill originally included an average-bid award method for certain pilot projects, along with airport design-build provisions. Testimony from a Reason Foundation analyst and from the Louisiana Associated General Contractors raised concerns that average-bid contracting could encourage collusion, raise costs, and lacked supporting data or use by U.S. transportation departments, while airport design-build was supported. The committee adopted an amendment in concept to strike the average-bid provisions, leaving the airport-related design-build language in place, and SB 513 was reported with amendments by a vote of 11 yeas and 4 nays. The committee also reported SCR 62 favorably, which urges DOTD to evaluate school zones on state highways in response to safety concerns and near misses, including a fatal incident referenced by the author. HCR 112 was reported favorably to study flooding on Louisiana Highway 1 in Shreveport, and HR 275 was reported favorably to study an interstate highway signage maintenance and reporting program. The meeting concluded after all items were disposed of and the committee adjourned.