Transcript Highlights:

• </c> Senate only statutory speed limit Senate only statutory speed limit designation.<00:52:20.880><c
• Section 68 and section 69 are certain limitations and analyses as required of that bonding authorization
• Section 69 in particular is just a cross-reference to limit bonding authority on light rail transit projects
• </c> that authorization uh of um of bonding that authorization uh of um of bonding for<01:10:23.840><
• to limit um that bonding<01:10:32.960><c> authority</c><01:10:33.440><c> on</c><01:10:33.840><c> light

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• , the House Standing Committee on Bonding, we used to do oversight hearings.
• What is the definition, as the agency sees it, of limited duration?
• So what do you think we can, you know, tell the public is considered limited duration?
• Is a 10-year lease agreement or license considered limited duration?
• Bonds. Bonds. Bonds. Bonds. Bonds. Two-thirds.

Committee: Joint Joint Committee on State Administration and Regulatory Oversight

Keywords: 995, all

Summary: The Joint Committee on State Administration and Regulatory Oversight held an oversight hearing on draft regulations implementing Article 97 of the Massachusetts Constitution under Chapter 274 of the Acts of 2022, the Open Space Act. Chairs Cabral and Collins framed the hearing as a review of how the new process for dispositions or changes in use of Article 97 land would work, including public notice, environmental justice protections, replacement land, appraisals, and the role of the legislature. Under Secretary Stephanie Cooper and Commissioner Adam Bakke testified for EEA/DCAM, followed later by Deputy Inspector General O’Neill and Deputy Inspector General Giles on appraisal review. Much of the discussion focused on how the draft regulations would operate in practice. EEA said the regulations would require advance public notice, define “comparable location” for replacement land, and allow the Secretary to make findings on whether an action would adversely affect environmental justice communities. Members pressed for longer public comment periods, clearer notice to local officials, more frequent updates to the site evaluation tool, and a clearer definition of terms such as “limited duration” for permits and licenses. EEA said the regulations are intended to standardize a process that has been handled through policy and case-by-case review, and that the legislature still retains the final authority to approve any Article 97 disposition. Committee members also questioned whether the draft rules shift too much discretion to the Secretary and whether the proposed “proponent” process could allow private entities to drive Article 97 actions. EEA responded that non-public proponents would still need municipal support and legislative sponsorship, and that the regulations do not create a new avenue to bypass the existing home rule and legislative process. Members raised concerns about the current policy’s unanimous-vote requirements for municipal commissions, the proposed waiver provisions, whether MEPA applies, and the lack of explicit enforcement or penalty language in the act or regulations. EEA and DCAM said the act does not provide an enforcement mechanism and that disputes would generally be handled through the courts or the Attorney General. The Inspector General’s office explained its role in reviewing appraisals for special legislation, including Article 97 matters, to ensure compliance with USPAP standards and to forward its review to DCAM. The hearing did not include any votes or formal committee action; members indicated that the committee may later issue recommendations to the executive agencies based on the testimony and questions raised.

Transcript Highlights:

• All right, given the existence of pending litigation, obviously, we will have limitations on things that
• Or were the NDAs limiting only to test content? That would be a question for DRC.
• Yes, these are individual items in that, but the aggregate is per grade level for testing.
• We do try to control our volume and flow because we have limited resources in our Office of Legal Services
• ,... ...recommendations, and DRC-related information, including, without limitation, documents, notes

Committee: House Assembly Committee on Government Operations, Accountability, and Transparency

Keywords: 970, all

Transcript Highlights:

• There's no real limit.
• Nothing in your bill limits the legislative auditor.
• I just wanted to make sure that it was on the record that, you know, we're taking it off limits for everybody
• There is inherently no increase material value for the public to know other than there's an aggregate
• So essentially, the bill is filed to raise these limits because the limits haven't been raised since

Bills: HB55 , HB608 , HB997 , HB1035 , HB1045 , HB1048 , HB1049 , HB1057 , HB1131 , HB1177 , HB1201

Committee: House House and Governmental Affairs

Keywords: juror confidentiality, public records, criminal procedure, privacy, court disclosure, intercollegiate athletics, confidentiality, revenue sharing, student athletes, official journal, public notices, government transparency, local government, municipal website, school board notices, parish council, police jury, special districts, levee district, drainage district

Transcript Highlights:

• Um, there was just too many other criteria that came in because there was such a limited number of ways
• Um, there was just too many other criteria that came in because there was such a limited number of ways
• The small-dollar donors, they want to give money, but, you know, with the limits the way they are right
• And even my campaigns, I think I took in... against that limit. Okay.
• I gave $3, against that limit. Okay.

Committee: Senate Election Law and Municipal Affairs

Keywords: 1191, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• number of people who wish to testify on these bills, so we'll be holding to a strict one-minute time limit
• and WDFW has identified nitrate concentrations in multiple wells that exceed drinking water safety limits
• I understand the challenges of limited budgets, having worked for the state for 40 years myself, but
• So this bill only applies to the definition of an ELUF: a facility that has a maximum aggregate contract
• It removes the limitation agencies have on imposing additional greenhouse gas requirements on a coal

Summary: The committee heard House Bill 2343, which would require the Department of Fish and Wildlife to obtain CAFO or individual discharge permit coverage for its game farms, and to treat game farms with at least 5,000 birds as large CAFOs. The prime sponsor and local officials from Centralia said the WDFW pheasant farm has contributed to nitrate contamination in a critical aquifer, affecting drinking water and public health, and argued the state should be held to the same standards as private operators. WDFW testified that it has already voluntarily secured the permit the bill would require and is working with Ecology and local partners. Testimony from county health and residents largely supported the bill, citing elevated nitrate levels and health risks, especially for infants and pregnant people. The committee then heard House Bill 2301, which expands Washington’s paint stewardship program to cover additional paint-related products, aerosol paints, and certain non-industrial coatings. The sponsor and industry supporters said the existing paint recycling program is working well and should be broadened to keep more materials out of landfills and reduce local hazardous waste costs. Local government witnesses supported the expansion but asked for changes on convenience standards, packaging coverage, and reimbursement for local collection costs. Ecology supported the overall concept but raised implementation concerns, including the need for uniform standards, full reporting, and more time for rulemaking. A wood preservatives industry representative opposed including wood preservatives, saying they are not paint and have different handling requirements. The committee also took testimony on House Bill 2515, a proposed substitute addressing emerging large energy use facilities, defined mainly as large data centers and virtual currency mining facilities. The bill would require utilities to adopt tariffs or policies to protect other ratepayers, require long-term contracts, demand response or curtailment provisions, reporting on energy and water use, and new clean energy targets for these facilities, while also changing how no-cost allowances under the Climate Commitment Act are allocated and creating an annual fee for the facilities. Supporters, including environmental groups, community action agencies, some utilities, and labor and tribal representatives, said the bill would protect ratepayers, improve transparency, and keep Washington on track for climate goals. Opponents, including data center and business groups, some ports, and several labor organizations, argued the bill is too prescriptive, could raise costs or discourage investment, may affect existing contracts and other large industrial loads, and could reduce construction jobs. No votes or final actions were taken in the transcript.

Transcript Highlights:

• So what they're going to do is aggregate that information, allow someone to go look up an individual
• will better enable Florida courts to mitigate the impact of vexatious litigation and to allocate limited
• In a wrongful death action, the act limits the types of damages recovered by certain parties as follows
• So this is limited to malpractice. I just want to make sure, because this may...
• Limited to malpractice? No, sir.

Committee: Senate Appropriations Committee on Criminal and Civil Justice

Summary: The committee heard and voted on a long agenda of criminal justice, public safety, victims’ rights, and related bills. SB 984 on aggravating factors in capital cases was reported favorably after debate over its focus on religious, school, and government gatherings; the Florida Conference of Catholic Bishops opposed expanding the death penalty, while supporters said it was about accountability rather than deterrence. CS for SB 1140 creating a Hillsborough County substance abuse pilot program for offenders, CS for SB 1180 broadening child sexual image protections, CS for SB 10 compensating Sidney Holmes for a wrongful conviction, CS for SB 500 creating a Spectrum Alert system for missing children with autism, and SB 1054 on tampering with electronic monitoring devices all passed favorably, with the substance abuse bill drawing supportive testimony about treatment and recovery and the Holmes bill receiving emotional support from Holmes himself. The committee also approved SB 1072 on expedited DNA testing grants, CS for SB 240 on domestic and dating violence victims, CS for SB 494 creating a statewide animal abuse database, and CS for SB 1422 on unmanned aircraft over critical infrastructure and weaponized drones. SB 240 drew extensive testimony from advocates describing a feasibility study for a discreet emergency alert system and the need to align domestic and dating violence protections; SB 494 drew strong support from animal welfare groups and county officials who described local registries and the link between animal abuse and violence toward people, while members discussed whether the bill should also bar known abusers from adopting animals. SB 1422 passed after questions about “reasonable force” against drones and concerns about firearms use, with the sponsor saying the bill was meant to protect privacy and property rights. Additional measures reported favorably included SB 1268 updating Department of Law Enforcement statutes and increasing reimbursement for retired police dogs, CS for SB 1344 revising juvenile status-offender procedures, CS for SB 1252 creating a feasibility study for a statewide pawn data database, CS for SB 1386 increasing penalties for assault and battery on utility workers, CS for SB 1084 strengthening sexual cyber harassment laws for intimate and digitally forged images, CS for SB 1654 revising sex offender/predator registration and reporting rules, CS for SB 1650 expanding the vexatious litigant law, and CS for SB 1652 creating a public records exemption for stricken court filings. The final and most heavily debated bill, CS for SB 1284 on wrongful death of an unborn child, drew extensive testimony from supporters who framed it as recognizing unborn life and opponents who warned it could be used to harass abortion patients, providers, and supporters and could increase malpractice exposure; the sponsor said the bill would allow parents to recover damages while protecting mothers and lawful medical care. The transcript ends before the roll call on SB 1284 is completed, but the committee had already reported the other measures favorably by recorded votes, generally along party lines with broad support from members present.

Transcript Highlights:

• a sub and we've had some back-and-forth, I'm gonna go ahead and take public comment very briefly, limited
• Basically, having the same data standards weeds out the bad actors and limits gaining competitive advantage
• Representatives, have the labs had limits? Back up, Madam Chair.
• I guess my question is, why are we trying to limit what has been this incredibly important?
• Aggregate that, that's what occurs. It certainly isn't.

Committee: House House Commerce & Economic Development Committee

Transcript Highlights:

• This is enough to cover 15,000 accounts at the full $250,000 limit that SIPC will protect you for.
• Back in 1980, this is when the limit was raised to $250,000.
• Back in 1980, this is when the limit was raised to $250,000.
• It's a limited scope. It is licensure, or excuse me, not licensure.
• It's a limited scope. It is licensure, or excuse me, not licensure.

Committee: Senate Commerce and Human Resources

Keywords: 989, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Obviously, CHFFA has a number of bonds, loans, and grant programs, but she really wanted to highlight
• And I think one thing was mentioned: we also oversee a bond financing program at CHFFA.
• Yeah, we're trying to assist where we can within our limitations and, obviously, share the stories.
• All $300 million was expended, so there would be limited funds coming back in. Okay.
• ...add new administrative burdens on consumers, limit eligibility, and increase consumer costs.

Summary: The Assembly Budget Subcommittee on Health heard updates on five health-related budget items. First, members reviewed state support for distressed hospitals and health facilities. The California Health Facilities Financing Authority and HCAI described the Distressed Hospital Loan Program as a lifeline for 16 hospitals, many of which remain financially strained and are expected to seek loan forgiveness rather than repayment. Speakers cited reduced contract labor, new service lines, strategic partnerships, and the reopening of Madera Hospital as signs of progress, but also warned that federal policy changes under H.R. 1 will likely increase uncompensated care and pressure emergency departments. Public commenters from hospital, dental, and consumer groups supported additional funding, including a request to refresh the program with another $300 million. The committee then heard HCAI’s update on the California Rural Health Transformation Program, a five-year federal initiative funded at $233.6 million for California. HCAI said the program will focus on rural care models, workforce development, and health technology, with grants to be rolled out on a fast timeline and all funds obligated by October 30, 2026. Members raised concerns about rural provider capacity to apply for grants, and HCAI said it will use a third-party administrator, a technical assistance center, webinars, and other supports to help applicants. HCAI also presented its budget request for the health care payments database, seeking ongoing non-General Fund support to continue operations and expand data, including pharmacy benefit manager data. The Emergency Medical Services Authority presented three budget change proposals: funding to replace disaster medical services fleet vehicles, funding for IT security work, and additional positions for HR, enforcement, and legal workload. A member also raised concern that EMSA has not yet completed the annual ambulance rate reporting required by AB 716, and EMSA said it remains committed to the requirement but lost prior funding through later budget reductions. Covered California reported that it is still finalizing its own budget, but expects a lower operating budget due to efforts to reduce baseline costs and align spending with actual expenditures; it also projected enrollment declines tied to the expiration of enhanced premium tax credits, H.R. 1, and federal rule changes, while noting that revenues may still rise because premiums are expected to increase. Finally, the Department of Managed Health Care outlined budget proposals tied to menopause coverage and education, PBM licensure and enforcement under AB 116 and SB 41, credentialing reforms under AB 1041, and prior authorization reporting under SB 306. Public testimony generally supported the menopause and PBM proposals, while also urging clearer language and attention to Medi-Cal parity. The hearing concluded after public comment, including additional advocacy for sickle cell services and rural health workforce funding.

Transcript Highlights:

• I know that neither of us are bond raters.
• I know that neither of us are bond raters.
• We are limiting them. Let's not put local government in a straitjacket.
• The 75-word limit actually came about as...
• So, as a result, it was limited to 75 words.

Keywords: 998, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Members, Senate Bill 600 makes changes to Florida's bail bond and pretrial release laws.
• It also ensures that all parties agree to a bond before a bond is reinstated.
• It streamlines bond discharge when a court revokes pretrial release.
• “...language that removed some of the charitable bail bonds impacts?” Senator Trunow.
• Under current statute, residents have very limited options to hold CDD board members accountable.

Summary: The Senate convened with a quorum, opened with prayer and the Pledge of Allegiance, and heard several introductions and announcements before moving to a long special-order calendar. Early bills passed included a trust law measure allowing a nonjudicial process for trustee settlement and discharge, a military affairs bill expanding leave protections and retirement eligibility for certain Guard and Coast Guard-related public employees, a penny-rounding bill for cash transactions, a podiatric medicine bill restricting certain cellular/tissue-based products and adding notice and consent requirements, a veterans’ courts bill expanding access to those courts statewide, an RV assessment clarification bill, a military-installation jurisdiction bill giving juveniles on bases access to state juvenile justice resources, an alcohol-tax deduction bill restoring DBPR’s authority to allow deductions for unsellable alcohol, a bail bonds bill revising training, fees, remission timing, and electronic procedures, an eyewear insurance bill updating definitions for modern products, a nursing education fund bill expanding support to health science programs, a recovery residences bill streamlining regulation and background-check rules, a felony battery bill adding resisting an officer with violence as a qualifying prior offense, a child welfare bill extending visitor definitions, making the Step Into Success program permanent, and creating a best-practices repository, and a candidate qualification bill tightening party-affiliation requirements and, via the House version, adding a name-change disclosure provision. Most of these bills were substituted with House companions where applicable and passed on near-unanimous votes, with one recorded dissent on the bail bonds bill. Several measures drew brief debate or explanation. Senator Wright’s military affairs bill was amended to restore two Florida National Guard special project officer positions to retirement eligibility, and Senator Gates’ veterans’ courts bill was described as a way to better address PTSD, brain injury, and substance-abuse-related offenses through problem-solving courts. Senator Trunow’s bail bonds bill prompted questions about charitable bail bonds, with the sponsor saying the current statute would remain in place and that further discussion could occur later. Senator Massullo’s podiatric medicine bill was framed as a bipartisan patient-protection measure, and Senator Leak’s felony battery bill was presented as closing a loophole that allowed repeat violent offenders to avoid enhancement. The chamber also took up a candidate qualification bill that would create an enforceable party-affiliation requirement and, in the House version, restrict recent petition-based name changes for candidates. A major portion of the meeting was devoted to a farewell ceremony for Senator Lori Berman, with family, staff, former colleagues, and guests in attendance. Senators from both parties offered extended remarks praising her leadership, collegiality, policy work, and advocacy on issues including voting rights, women’s rights, Israel and antisemitism, school safety, breast cancer, Everglades restoration, and other constituent services. Berman’s own remarks reflected on her 16 years in the Legislature, her family, and her belief in dignity, respect, and practical problem-solving. The Senate then adopted a motion to spread her remarks upon the journal and recessed before returning to continue the calendar.

Transcript Highlights:

• This bill contains about $305 million in new bond authorizations.
• Limited partnerships pay an annual report fee of $500, as do limited liability partnerships.
• A private investment was also leveraged due to that bond authorization.
• They were, of course, not released yet, but they are in the bond bill.
• the AMI limitations of CPA funds.

Committee: Joint Joint Committee on Economic Development and Emerging Technologies

Keywords: 995, all

Summary: The committee held a hearing on Governor Healey’s economic development proposal, H. 5386, also referred to as the Mass Winds Act, focused on global investment, talent, innovation, housing, and business competitiveness. Governor Healey, Secretary of Economic Development Eric Paley, and Secretary of Administration and Finance Matt Gorzkowicz described the bill as a response to federal uncertainty and global competition, building on the 2024 Mass Leads Act. They highlighted proposed investments in a Global Mass initiative, including a $50 million innovation access fund and $20 million for sites to help international companies locate or expand in Massachusetts, along with support for AI, quantum, robotics, defense innovation, climate tech, downtown revitalization, and creative/cultural economy projects. They also emphasized measures to lower business costs, including reducing the LLC filing fee, expanding the small business energy tax exemption, and streamlining housing and development rules. Committee members questioned the administration about non-compete reform, AI and data-center infrastructure, housing affordability, and whether the bill would help retain workers and companies in Massachusetts. The governor and secretaries argued that the non-compete changes would restore the original compromise by requiring any alternative to garden leave to be negotiated at separation, and they said the bill’s housing and workforce provisions are intended to help young workers stay in the state. They also said Massachusetts is already investing in AI training, an AI hub, and energy-related planning, while acknowledging that data-center growth will require careful attention to water, electricity, and ratepayer impacts. Several witnesses testified on specific sections. Northeastern University supported the internship tax credit, saying experiential learning helps students gain jobs and remain in Massachusetts. The Latino Empowerment Advisory Council supported the waiver of redundant English testing for internationally trained nurses, saying it would speed entry into the workforce without lowering clinical standards. Russell Beck opposed the non-compete changes, arguing they would undermine the 2018 compromise and could reduce other forms of employee compensation. The Secretary of the Commonwealth’s office opposed the LLC fee reduction, citing revenue loss and fraud concerns. Municipal and regional groups, including the MMA and the Metro Mayors Coalition, supported site plan review codification and downtown/arts investments, while urging continued municipal input. The AFL-CIO asked for trigger language to preserve labor protections if federal law changes, and business and industry witnesses generally supported the bill’s competitiveness and global investment provisions. No votes were taken; the hearing was informational, with written testimony invited after the meeting.

Transcript Highlights:

• This debt can be issued in forms of bonds or loans and is often held by foreign and U.S. investors.
• These bonds or loans are often held by foreign and U.S. investors, banks, and private creditors.
• Both investors in and issuers of sovereign debt want a stable legal regime for these bonds.
• Otherwise, bonds are more volatile and issuers have difficulty borrowing cheaply.
• Limiting legal expenses hinders utilities' ability to fully engage.

Bills: SB483 , SB522 , SB783 , SB1239 , SB1254 , SB1255 , SB1259 , SB1341 , SB1664 , SB1762 , SB1856 , SB1877 , SB1977

Committee: Senate Business & Commerce

Keywords: utility, proprietary information, customer data, data protection, electric service, customer information, emergency communication, electric utility, privacy, certification, public accountants, interstate licensing, accounting, regulatory amendment, energy efficiency, construction regulations, building codes, Texas, sustainability, cost-effectiveness

Summary: The Senate Business and Commerce Committee met with a quorum and first took up pending business, voting out several bills. Senate Bills 1697, 1569, 1202 as substituted, 1029, 1364, 1185, 924, 1008 as substituted, 264, 1376, and 1358 as substituted were reported favorably, with some sent to the local and uncontested calendar. The committee also adopted a substitute for SB 1202 and later corrected votes on several measures. SB 924 and SB 1376 drew some opposition, while the rest of the pending bills were reported without dissent or with limited nays. The committee then heard testimony on SB 1856, which would create an annual capacity-cost recovery rider for Entergy Texas customers in the MISO region. The author and Entergy argued the bill would better match rates to actual capacity costs and improve transparency, while the Texas Association of Manufacturers and the Public Utility Commission raised concerns about the short 10-day review period, rider proliferation, and the preference for full rate cases over piecemeal adjustments. The bill was left pending. The committee also heard and left pending SB 522 on CPA reciprocity, SB 1664 requiring TDUs to provide clearer, standalone rate-change disclosures, SB 1877 expanding OPUC’s access to market data, SB 1254 and SB 1255 as TDLR cleanup bills on professional employer organizations and mold assessors, SB 1341 updating manufactured housing rules, SB 1239 on sovereign debt and Texas governing law, and SB 1259 streamlining the surveyor-in-training licensing process. Additional bills discussed included SB 1977, which would cap recoverable legal expenses in electric, water, and sewer rate cases; OPUC and some consumer advocates supported the idea as a way to reduce ratepayer costs, while utility representatives warned it could discourage participation and increase rate shock. The committee also heard SB 1762 clarifying that geothermal energy conservation wells are not battery resources, and SB 783 allowing SECO to proceed with future energy-code rulemaking for state-funded buildings. Both drew supportive testimony from industry and environmental groups. All remaining bills heard during the meeting were left pending, and the committee recessed subject to the call of the chair.

Transcript Highlights:

• That's probably our true limiter within the Texas Air National Guard for our percentage.
• Some other states do have some limits. There are some bills in the U.S.
• Congress to try to limit. that can be charged for this.
• Well, I mentioned that we have bonds, so what we do... is we we issue bonds and these are not general
• revenue bonds, these are backed by... the mortgages.

Committee: House S/C on Defense & Veterans' Affairs

Keywords: 1184, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• </c><00:20:29.600><c> sale</c> smaller than anticipated um bond sale smaller than anticipated um bond
• </c> projected um in that bond sale. projected um in that bond sale.
• </c> assumption about future bonding assumption about future bonding authorizations.<00:20:49.200><c>
• </c><00:20:54.559><c> bills</c> assumption about future bonding bills assumption about future bonding
• Our AAA bond reserve at this time.

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• With that, members, there will be no time limits for invited testimony today.
• Bond and Senator Huffman.
• There's limited resources available.
• These challenges are not limited or new to the Texas Hill Country.
• Without immediate intervention, coordination would remain limited.

Keywords: 1185, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Appreciate y'all's consideration and, uh, helping out our rural counties, uh, on their, uh, uh, very limited
• There, as there is limited judicial training on family violence and child abuse issues, the training
• guardian properly and cause serious loss to the guardianship estate, the damages are covered by a bond
• If the law exceeds the bond, the judge can be held personally liable for the difference.
• , uh, the required bond amount to $500,000.

Committee: House S/C on Family & Fiduciary Relationships

Transcript Highlights:

• toward a deal that kind of grandfathers folks in and allows some different pricing of the retail, aggregates
• 28.240><c> and</c><00:50:28.319><c> I</c><00:50:28.480><c> think</c><00:50:28.559><c> we're</c> aggregates
• the meters, and I think we're aggregates the meters, and I think we're just<00:50:28.880><c> going</
• Commission's distributed energy resources in Minnesota report, solar penetration remains extremely limited
• :29.840><c> extremely</c> solar penetration remains extremely solar penetration remains extremely limited

Bills: HF3830 , HF3688

Committee: House Energy Finance and Policy

Keywords: utilities, rate cases, cost recovery, reporting requirements, gas infrastructure, 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• Perhaps this is the first step to, you know, limiting that incentive and instead making, you know, the
• Perhaps this is the first step to, you know, limiting that incentive and instead making, you know, the
• Those would then go to the managed care organizations, and the total aggregate funds would go to the
• organizations in the um the<01:43:44.159><c> the</c><01:43:44.560><c> total</c><01:43:44.960><c> aggregate
• </c><01:43:45.440><c> funds</c><01:43:45.679><c> would</c><01:43:45.920><c> go</c> the the total aggregate

Committee: Senate Health and Human Services

Keywords: 1187, senate, all