Transcript Highlights:

• I appreciate the opportunity. Correct. All right. Well, thanks for being here and welcome.
• I appreciate the opportunity to be here. My name is Trey Grayson.
• Thank you for the opportunity to testify on election transparency and ballot privacy.
• Yes, thank you for this opportunity. item. That's correct. All right. Thanks.
• Thank you for this opportunity.

Keywords: 1184, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• I know that you have bills that will follow later in the hearing, so this is hopefully an opportunity
• I know that you have bills that will follow later in the hearing, so this is hopefully an opportunity
• One of the big things I've worked into, and I've researched, is digital currency and investment into
• Chair Robinson, members of the Ways and Means Committee, thank you for this opportunity to speak today
• Senate Bill 6302 provides the opportunity for a better alignment between state values and investment

Bills: SB5439, SB6109, SB6304

Keywords: investment, thermal coal, divestment, state investment board, fossil fuels, environmental impact, renewable energy, detention facilities, state funds, privatization, criminal justice reform, Washington State Investment Board, responsible investment, sustainability, corporate governance, 904, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Um, this is more so with the ability for folks to look at some of the economic development opportunities
• So this is actually helping, um, encourage the opportunity for there to be a balance there.
• I'm looking at a sub that has a 202 number, 25.3 as the last three digits.
• digits. Does that look right to you, Representative? Madam Chair, the one I have is 25.2. OK.
• Thank you, Madam Chair, committee, for the opportunity. I'll speak to the amendment.

Transcript Highlights:

• I really appreciate the opportunity for you to hear this bill.
• I should have given you that opportunity. Thank you. Thank you, sir. Appreciate your close.
• I should have given you that opportunity. Thank you. Thank you, sir. Thank you.
• Thank you for the opportunity to speak today. My name is Hector Soto.
• Thank you for the opportunity to speak today. My name is Hector Soto.

Summary: The Senate Transportation Committee heard a long agenda of transportation-related bills, with several district-specific measures and statewide policy proposals. Early in the hearing, SB 1408 by Senator Arreguín would authorize Contra Costa County to place a new countywide transportation sales tax measure on the ballot to continue funding highways, local roads, transit, biking and walking infrastructure, and paratransit. Supporters said it would preserve funding continuity for major projects; CalTax opposed it over affordability and sales tax burden concerns. Senators discussed that the bill would only place the measure before voters, not enact the tax itself, and a motion was made, but no vote could be taken because the committee lacked a quorum. The committee also heard SB 990, a rural signage bill for Ridgecrest along Highway 395, which would allow Caltrans business-logo signs to direct travelers to lodging, food, fuel, medical services, and other amenities. The author and local witnesses framed it as a safety and economic development measure for an isolated community; there was no opposition. SB 1167, authored by Senator Blakespear, would tighten consumer protections in the e-bike market by distinguishing legal e-bikes from higher-powered e-motos, requiring clearer labeling and disclosures, and improving incident reporting. It drew broad support from bicycle, medical, local government, auto club, and safety groups, with no opposition. SB 1034 by Senator McNerney would make it easier for disabled veterans rated permanently and totally disabled by the VA to obtain disabled parking placards, aligning state procedures with federal disability determinations; veterans groups strongly supported it and no opposition was heard. The committee then heard SB 1279, which would add Long Beach’s Pacific Coast Highway corridor to the city’s existing speed safety camera pilot. Supporters said PCH accounts for a disproportionate share of fatalities and crashes, especially involving pedestrians, while opponents from the highway patrol and business groups said the issue should be handled under existing or upcoming rules. The California Highway Patrol Association later moved to neutral after discussions about amendments. Finally, the chair presented SB 1177, to require the High-Speed Rail Project Update report to continue including additional information such as revenue options and comparative project history, and SB 1246, a bill to impose stronger remote-operations, response-time, training, reporting, and manual override requirements on autonomous vehicle operators. SB 1177 drew support from the U.S. High-Speed Rail Association and opposition from the City of Burbank, while SB 1246 drew strong support from firefighters, labor, and many drivers and cyclists, but opposition from the AV industry, Chamber of Commerce groups, and a retired CHP official who argued the bill was too prescriptive and conflicted with new DMV rules. Members debated safety, data reporting, first responder access, and whether the bill should wait for rulemaking; the hearing ended with motions and discussion, but the transcript does not show final votes being taken on these measures.

Transcript Highlights:

• Representative Way: Almost kind and gracious Father in heaven, we're grateful for the opportunity you
• missing, kidnapped children; SB 1549, ultralight vehicles; SB 1602, kinship foster care; SB 1649, digital
• And whereas together we have the opportunity to transform health care workplaces and systems, therefore
• And it also creates an opportunity to tear down some historic homes that are a threat to health, life
• It limits access to high-opportunity neighborhoods for working families and communities of color, while

Keywords: 1182, all

Transcript Highlights:

• As you recall, as it relates to digital curriculum funding, it has been in the past on a first-come,
• I really appreciate the opportunity to look at this.
• Thank you for the opportunity to testify. Okay, thank you. We have a question?
• And do parents with this also not have the opportunity for a private cause of action?
• Have the opportunity for a private cause of action? Mr. Chair. Thank you. Mr.

Keywords: 989, all

Summary: The committee first considered a request to introduce RS 33-117, a bill from Rep. Levitt concerning charter school enrollment priorities. Levitt said the measure would give priority to children of charter school founders, siblings, and foster children, and then to active-duty Title 10 military families. The motion to introduce the bill passed. The committee then heard House Bill 599 on digital curriculum funding. Rep. Raymond said the bill would change the grant process from first-come, first-served to an as-needed basis, with the State Department of Education developing a rubric to define need and prioritize rural and underserved schools. Superintendent Critchfield described criteria tied to reading, math, college and career readiness, alignment with improvement plans, implementation and evaluation, and sustainability. Some members questioned the discretion involved, and the committee ultimately adopted an amended substitute motion to hold the bill in committee until the 19th. Finally, the committee took up House Bill 516, a cleanup bill related to last year’s law restricting classroom instruction on sexual orientation and gender identity. Rep. Hawkins said the bill would strike leftover language that had become unnecessary after the bill was expanded to K-12 and was intended only to clarify the law. Supporters said the change would prevent confusion and ensure parental authority, while opponents warned it could create vague restrictions and conflict with CTE and other instruction. After testimony from Planned Parenthood, Idaho Family Policy Center, and questions from members, the committee voted to send HB 516 to the floor with a due-pass recommendation.

Transcript Highlights:

• I really appreciate the opportunity here.
• very specific things that were disclosed about Meta's ability to detect a kid's age based on their digital
• Meta's ability to detect a kid's age based on their digital exhaust, meaning that their interactions
• And I wanted to give an opportunity just a moment to say thank you, Mr.

Keywords: Technology and Science, Joint Commission on, 976, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• as well for giving me the opportunity to speak here today.
• That word, if, means that somebody has the opportunity not to inspect it.
• We give operator notice and opportunity to come into compliance.
• TPPA appreciates. opportunity to provide this testimony.
• Chairman King, Vice Chair Hernandez, and members of the committee, thank you for the opportunity opportunity

Bills: HB 13, HB143, HB144, HB145, HB366, HB470, HB805, HB912, HB13, HB143, HB144, HB145

Keywords: emergency communication, infrastructure, first responders, grant program, interoperability, Texas Interoperability Council, local governments, HB 143, Texas Railroad Commission, Public Utility Commission of Texas, Natural Resources Code, oil and gas, well site, surface facility, electrical power line, National Electrical Code, NEC, electrical safety, utility disconnect, service disconnection

Transcript Highlights:

• Um, since opportunity to be here.
• </c><00:20:40.720><c> marketing</c> going to launch a digital marketing going to launch a digital marketing
• ,</c><00:41:53.440><c> the</c> the issues, the opportunities, the the issues, the opportunities, the
• </c> opportunity to activate ambassadors. opportunity to activate ambassadors.
• </c> of career opportunities in in Michigan. of career opportunities in in Michigan.

Keywords: 958, all

Summary: The subcommittee met with leaders of the First Frontier Appalachian Trail System for an update on trail development, economic impact, and funding needs. Speakers said the system has expanded from 18 to 21 counties over the past year, with interest from additional counties, about 450 miles of trails currently open, and a goal of surpassing 1,000 miles within two years. They described the project as primarily an economic development effort that is already drawing public and private investment, supporting lodging and campground businesses, and creating new enterprises such as guide services, repairs, and recovery services for ATVs. The presentation highlighted permit sales, which began on a soft-launch basis earlier in the year and are now available both physically and online. Permits cost $25 per year for in-state residents and allow riding on First Frontier trails. Officials also discussed landowner agreements, saying the standard license agreement is modeled on Hatfield-McCoy, is favorable to landowners, and can be ended with 60 days’ notice. They said the agreements, along with patrols and cleanup efforts, help address trespassing and illegal dumping while encouraging property owners to participate. Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Captain Jason Sloan reported 638 hours of patrols under the memorandum of agreement since January 1 and said the partnership has focused on safety, enforcement of existing laws, emergency planning, and cleanup support. The group also cited partnerships with the National Forest, Onyx Off-Road, ARC, and Yamaha, and said a Jeep Jamboree in Lee County drew 237 registered participants, mostly from out of state. They said a GNCC race in Knox County is being pursued for spring. The authority requested $3.5 million for the next two-year budget cycle and said it needs additional staffing, including two full-time trail development coordinators and part-time office help, to keep up with growth. Members praised the project’s progress and its potential to boost tourism and regional economic development.

Transcript Highlights:

• I hope they will. do so or have the opportunity to do so.
• I am, I was so glad that we had the opportunity. I'm really, really encouraged.
• And where are we missing those opportunities? I saw something I think today.
• Or you know, whatever it is that's providing this opportunity to build clout.
• And I would really like if we had the opportunity.

Transcript Highlights:

• Finally, Senate Third Reading 49, Docstadutter, added $1.5 million general fund for digital permitting
• <00:34:54.320><c> general</c><00:34:54.639><c> fund</c><00:34:54.960><c> for</c><00:34:55.119><c> digital
• </c> million general fund for digital million general fund for digital permitting<00:34:56.240><c> systems

Bills: SF0032, SF0010, SF0001, HB0001

Keywords: 911 services, emergency response, grant funding, next generation technology, government accountability, public safety, mental health, detention, competency evaluation, treatment, contractual agreements, Wyoming, budget, funding, education, wildfire prevention, healthcare, community colleges, grants, economic development

Transcript Highlights:

• It is a piece, but it's just a piece of this bill, which we would have had an opportunity to talk about
• thing that this does is codify a public notification process, which includes mailers and posting digitally

Bills: SB1475, SB2049, SB1966, SB1531, SB80

Keywords: memorial, infrastructure, transportation, dedication, Toby Keith, SB 2049, Oklahoma Department of Transportation, ODOT, Transportation Commission, surety bond, surety company, performance bond, contractor nonperformance, construction contract, public works, transportation contracts, bond claim, state transportation projects, Title 69, OMES

Summary: The committee considered several naming and transportation-related bills. Senate Bill 1475 renamed the I-35 Indian Hills Road interchange as the Toby Keith Memorial Interchange, and House Bill 1996 was the Senate’s Memorial Bridge naming bill; both passed without substantive opposition. Senate Bill 2049 required the Department of Transportation to notify the Transportation Commission before disapproving or making a surety claim against a contractor, with supporters describing it as an accountability and transparency measure; it passed after some questions about its purpose and sponsor. The committee also approved Senate Bill 1531, a cleanup measure related to the Department of Aerospace and Aeronautics’ role in unmanned aerial systems and advanced air mobility, in anticipation of possible FAA rulemaking. The most extensive discussion centered on Senate Bill 80, a turnpike bill that updates statutory language, removes some unused or unbuilt route locations from statute, and codifies more formal communication with landowners, communities, and legislators. Members raised concerns about removing routes, the five-year design deadline for reauthorization, and whether the bill could slow future turnpike projects; OTA Executive Director Joe E. Kelly testified that the changes were based on updated infrastructure studies, that the five-year requirement only needed design to begin, and that the notification process would include mailers and digital posting. Senate Bill 80 passed after debate, and the committee adjourned, noting it was the final meeting of the session.

Transcript Highlights:

• We have bills in this committee that people want to vote on, and we don't even get an opportunity to.
• I know that I was just doing some looking and it looks like Utah is expanding their digital currency,

Keywords: 989, all

Summary: The Senate Commerce Committee first approved the minutes from March 17, 2026, then took up reconsideration of House Bill 750, the programmable money bill. Members debated whether to reopen the bill, with some arguing it had already received extensive hearing and others saying there had been missing senators and additional clarification was needed. The committee voted to reconsider, then heard again from Representative Heather Scott, who said Idaho Legislative Services Office staff had confirmed the bill did not interfere with the Uniform Commercial Code and that it would create a separate chapter for the new technology. She described the bill as a Consumer Payment Rights and Transparency Act intended to protect Idahoans from discrimination and “programming” of money. After discussion, the committee voted 6-3 to send HB 750 to the floor with a due pass recommendation. The committee then heard House Bill 721, which would allow school districts to advertise bids for new public school buildings while permit review is still underway and would establish a 30-day initial permit review timeline for public works. Senator Taze and an Idaho Associated General Contractors representative supported the measure as a way to align school construction with other public works and reduce delays. The bill was sent to the floor with a due pass recommendation by voice vote. House Bill 931, a trailer bill to HB 645 on portable benefits, was also advanced after Majority Leader Den Hartog explained it simply removed an unnecessary reference to the Idaho Department of Insurance; it too received a due pass recommendation. House Bill 929, sponsored by Representative Aaron Bingham, would allow insured patients to negotiate lower prices with providers before services are rendered and require insurers to count the negotiated amount toward deductibles and out-of-pocket maximums. Bingham said the bill was aimed at lowering health care costs, especially for people with high deductibles, and that industry had not opposed it. Some senators questioned how it would work and whether it intruded on private contracts, but the committee ultimately voted to send HB 929 to the floor with a due pass recommendation. At the end of the meeting, Senator Zito attempted to move House Bill 745 onto the agenda, but the chair ruled the motion out of order, and the committee adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• It also adds digital asset kiosks.
• And so I wanted to give them the opportunity, if they chose, to put on their driver's license a notation

Summary: The committee took up a series of House bills, adopting several PCS/committee substitutes by unanimous consent before hearing each measure. HB 3521, the Oklahoma Money Transmission Modernization Act, would consolidate money transmission law, add licensing for payment processors and digital asset kiosks, require Oklahoma licensure and home-state licensure, and raise certain fees; it passed 5-0. HB 4153 updated driver licensing language to reference Service Oklahoma instead of the Department of Public Safety and passed without objection. HB 3691 would allow applicants for a Class D license to self-certify medical ability to drive safely, addressing privacy concerns for a constituent with depression; it passed 6-0. HB 3045 expanded an existing prohibition on municipalities charging service fees for emergency responses to include fire departments, with an amendment exempting volunteer/rural fire departments; after discussion about taxing versus feeing for services, it passed 4-3. The committee also advanced HB 2977, which would let deaf or hard-of-hearing drivers voluntarily note that status on their license to help law enforcement during traffic stops; Service Oklahoma said there would be no fiscal impact, and the bill passed 4-0. HB 4408 would codify how the 780-781 Community Safety Fund savings are calculated, using a formula developed by LOFT and the court system; LOFT testified the language would make the calculation definitive, and the bill passed 7-0. HB 3152 would give Corporation Commission officers authority at ports of entry to arrest and transport violators with pending warrants within their current jurisdiction, reducing the need to call other agencies; it passed 7-0. HB 4058, with an amendment correcting “diver” to “driver,” would allow Oklahomans to add their blood type to a driver’s license as a voluntary option to raise awareness and potentially aid emergency care; it passed 7-0. HB 3982 would create temporary tags for commercial vehicles and extend tag periods for certain in-state and out-of-state vehicles to address registration delays; it passed 7-0. Finally, HB 3115 would change Department of Corrections director qualifications to require either certified peace officer status or 10 years of corrections experience, set the appointment term at five years, and limit removal to a two-thirds legislative vote; it passed after brief discussion. The chair noted this was likely the last Public Safety Committee meeting of the session before Senate bills are considered.

Transcript Highlights:

• House Bill 940 is with regard to the Idaho Digital Learning Alliance.
• House Bill 940 is with regard to the Idaho Digital Learning Alliance.
• We want them to take those opportunities that we keep funding Schools.
• We want them to take those opportunities that we keep funding.
• We want them to take those opportunities that we keep funding.

Keywords: 989, all

Summary: The House convened with a quorum, approved the journal, and received messages from the Governor and Senate, including notice that the Governor signed House Bill 556 and that several enrolled House and Senate measures were transmitted for signatures or filing. The chamber also processed committee reports on a range of bills, including appropriations, agriculture, state affairs, and judiciary matters, and referred House Resolution 33 and later House Resolution 34 for printing. Several bills were returned to committee at the sponsors’ requests, including House Bills 649, 567, 627, 530, 903, 763, and 857. A substantial portion of the meeting focused on concurrence with Senate amendments to House Bills 629, 678, 522, 684, 561, and 860. Members described the amendments as mostly friendly or technical, covering issues such as requiring a paper copy of vehicle registration, narrowing drone-related language and penalties, changing wording on sheriff recapture funding, adding the Basque Autonomous Community flag to the flag bill, and adjusting health-related provisions involving emergency treatment, drug/alcohol exposure, and rape-kit language. The House unanimously concurred in each case. The most extended floor debate centered on House Bill 940, which revises the Idaho Digital Learning Alliance. Supporters said the bill would realign IDLA to its original purpose, curb duplicate use by districts and virtual schools, eliminate driver’s education and LaunchPad, and stop what they described as double-dipping or misuse of public funds. Opponents argued IDLA is an essential service for rural districts, homeschoolers, and students needing AP, dual credit, or courses unavailable locally, warning that the bill would cut access and harm small schools. After debate, the House suspended rules, considered the bill, and passed House Bill 940 by a vote of 48-22. The House also debated Senate Concurrent Resolution 123, recognizing the International Year of Rangelands and Pastoralists. Supporters framed it as a tribute to Idaho ranching and rangeland heritage, while opponents objected to its connection to a United Nations initiative and raised sovereignty concerns. The resolution passed the House 39-28. Later, the House recessed and reconvened, received additional messages and committee reports, and began first reading of new bills including House Bills 944-951 and Senate Bills 1396-1398, with several measures referred to committees for further action.

Transcript Highlights:

• percentage cap, or I was even thinking, if someone got a ridiculous— not, I won't say ridiculous— a double-digit
• ridiculous, not I won't say ridiculous, a, Someone got a ridiculous, not I won't say ridiculous, a double-digit

Summary: The committee first heard a Special Language Committee report from Senator McKee, who reported that the subcommittee adopted nine amendments related to Governor’s Letter 7 and 30, including amendments to HB 1005 and one sponsored by Senator Dismang. The committee then adopted the report and approved several items on the special language agenda, including HB 101 (Department of Corrections), HB 1017 (Department of Agriculture promotion boards), HB 1009 (Department of Public Safety), and SB 10 (Department of Commerce, Division of Workforce Services). During discussion of SB 10, members questioned a $10 million unemployment insurance modernization item, and Commerce/DFA explained it was a continuation of existing funding rather than a new increase. The meeting then turned to the Treasurer’s budget, where members raised concerns about prior and proposed salary increases in the office, especially the size of raises for senior staff compared with lower-paid employees. Committee members repeatedly asked whether the new appropriation would be directed to the investment team rather than top administrators, and whether special language could cap raises or otherwise limit how the money could be used. The Treasurer’s representative said the office was willing to discuss caps and that no final decisions on raises had been made, but several members remained dissatisfied and emphasized the need for the Treasurer himself to appear. Representative Lundstrum moved to hold the Treasurer’s budget, and the committee approved the hold. After that, the committee referred items with special language to the special language process and then batch-approved a series of supplemental and reappropriation bills, followed by individual due-pass actions on multiple bills, including HB 1006, HB 1013, HB 1016, HB 1033, HB 1048, HB 1050, HB 1053, HB 1065, HB 1078, and several Senate bills such as SB 2, SB 14, SB 19, SB 26, SB 32, SB 42, SB 52, SB 53, and SB 74. Near the end, members discussed filing deadlines and the need to suspend rules for late special-language items, and Senator Irvin released a hold on HB 1064 before the meeting adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• percentage cap, or—I was even thinking, if someone got a ridiculous, not—I won't say ridiculous, a double-digit
• percentage raise in 2025, that A double-digit percentage raise in 2025, that maybe they would not get

Keywords: 1204, all

Transcript Highlights:

• So, I took an opportunity to really study it.
• So, I took an opportunity to really study it.
• But in a year opportunity to say no.
• </c><03:45:54.479><c> and</c> scholarship the tailor opportunity and scholarship the tailor opportunity
• <c> scholarship</c> And then the opportunity scholarship And then the opportunity scholarship would<03

Keywords: 916, all

Transcript Highlights:

• The workforce opportunities created by the AV industry are diverse and expanding.
• Thank you for the opportunity to speak to you today.
• Thank you again for inviting us and giving us the opportunity to testify.
• Thank you for an opportunity to discuss AV policy in California.
• I'll go over them afterwards digitally because they are important to me.

Summary: The Senate Transportation Committee held an informational hearing on autonomous vehicle technology in California, with the chair emphasizing that all panel testimony would be heard before public comment. The first panel included an industry representative from AVIA, a George Mason University professor, a Dawn Project representative, and a crash survivor. Testimony sharply divided between supporters who said AVs and driver-assist systems can reduce crashes and create jobs, and critics who argued that current systems are unreliable, rely on unsafe remote assistance, and are being deployed without enough transparency or accountability. Committee members questioned witnesses about safety data, the distinction between Level 2 and Level 4 systems, remote operations, liability, and whether California should adopt more uniform standards and stronger reporting requirements. The second panel focused on first responders and workers. A retired San Francisco Fire Department official described AVs blocking fire scenes, ambulances, and apparatus access, and said remote hotlines have been too slow to resolve incidents, urging a public-safety manual override for police, fire, and paramedics. A San Jose police deputy chief said law enforcement sees AV safety potential but needs clear authority, training, and standardized protocols to handle traffic violations and emergency interactions. A San Francisco rideshare driver described near-collisions, red-light violations, and congestion caused by robotaxis, calling for fines, permit suspensions, and better public access to incident data. A Teamsters representative criticized DMV’s proposed heavy-duty AV rules as too permissive, especially for 80,000-pound autonomous trucks, and argued for independent validation, operational limits, and legislative action if regulators do not act. In the final panel, DMV and CPUC officials described California’s existing AV regulatory framework and defended the state’s oversight. DMV said it has regulated AVs since 2014, has issued multiple rulemakings, and is now developing a fourth package that would expand reporting, strengthen enforcement, and require AVs to respond to emergency geo-fence messages and law enforcement direction. DMV also noted current permit counts and past suspensions and revocations, including Cruise and Pony.ai actions. CPUC began outlining its role in regulating passenger service for hire. No votes were taken; the hearing was informational only, and the committee chair indicated the testimony would inform future policy and legislation.

Transcript Highlights:

• The workforce opportunities created by the AV industry are diverse.
• Thank you for the opportunity to speak to you today.
• Thank you again for inviting us and giving us the opportunity to testify.
• Thank you for the opportunity to discuss AV policy in California.
• I'll go over them afterwards digitally because they are important to me.

Summary: The Senate Transportation Committee held an informational hearing on autonomous vehicle technology in California, focusing on safety, regulation, first responder impacts, and the state’s evolving oversight framework. The chair said the committee would hear all panels before public comment, with witnesses limited to five minutes and public commenters to one minute. The first panel featured an industry representative, a safety academic, and victims/advocates who described sharply different views of AV safety and accountability. Ariel Wolf of the Autonomous Vehicle Industry Association argued that fully autonomous vehicles are distinct from driver-assist systems, said AVs are already reducing crashes and fatalities, and urged clear, uniform standards. Dr. Missy Cummings countered that remote operations and computer-vision failures show the technology still depends on human intervention and can be unsafe, especially when remote assistance is done from abroad. Robert O’Dowd and Dylan Angulo, both tied to Tesla crash cases, described fatal and serious injuries involving Autopilot/Full Self-Driving, criticized limited transparency and data access, and called for stronger disclosure, preservation of crash data, and mandatory fixes or disabling of defective software. Committee members questioned witnesses about data comparing AVs to human drivers, the role of remote operators, liability, and whether California should create clearer standards for the human element behind AV systems. Several members and witnesses discussed the need for “guardrails,” black-box-style data access, and accountability for the remaining crash risk. The hearing then shifted to first responders and road users: a San Francisco Fire Department representative described AVs blocking fire scenes, ambulances, and apparatus access during emergencies and urged a public safety manual override; a San Jose police representative said officers need clear enforcement authority, training, and reliable ways to stop or redirect AVs; a rideshare driver described near-collisions and congestion caused by robo-taxis; and a Teamsters representative opposed proposed heavy-duty AV truck rules as too reliant on manufacturer self-certification and lacking independent validation. In the final panel, DMV and CPUC officials defended California’s regulatory structure. DMV said it has regulated AVs since 2014, has issued multiple rulemakings and permit types, and is developing a fourth package that would add reporting, enforcement tools, emergency-response requirements, and rules for heavy-duty AVs. DMV said it has revoked or suspended permits when needed, including Cruise and Pony.ai actions. CPUC said its authority covers passenger service only, requires safety plans and ongoing reporting, and continues oversight after permits are issued. No votes or formal actions were taken, as the hearing was informational only.