Transcript Highlights:

• awareness campaign called the No Early, Live Better Brain Health campaign.
• Better Brain Health campaign.
• As mentioned in previous testimony, there has been a brain health awareness campaign.
• Our ability to message that brain health awareness and early diagnosis are important.
• We also know that lifestyle interventions can protect brain health, but only if people are ...brain health

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• The Vermont Commissioner of Health is the Chief Health Officer for the state.
• public health hazard mitigation, appointment of local health officials, health care quality and reporting
• Local health officials, health care quality and reporting, health disease prevention, licensing and enforcement
• </c> community health workforce development. community health workforce development.
• </c> provision of mental health services. provision of mental health services.

Keywords: 927, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• And whereas a free and enduring constitutional republic depends upon an informed and engaged citizenry
• legislature and all Arizonans to join them on National Freedom Day in recognizing Charlie Kirk for his enduring
• legislature and all Arizonans to join them on National Freedom Day in recognizing Charlie Kirk for his enduring
• Hydropower is how operations of water are paid for, maintenance of the dams, and having the ability to
• Speaker Pro Tem, with your permission, the Health and Human Services Joint Committee of Reference will

Keywords: 1182, all

Transcript Highlights:

• </c> high-risk pregnancy faces serious health high-risk pregnancy faces serious health complications<
• </c><01:15:28.280><c> care</c> access to the full range of health care access to the full range of health
• care decisions we will ensure health care decisions we will ensure that<01:19:12.960><c> Health</c><
• ><c> um</c><01:22:05.639><c> an</c> been shifting we have endured a um an been shifting we have endured
• </c><01:22:11.560><c> a</c><01:22:12.280><c> very</c> have endured a very have endured a very Draconian

Keywords: 1191, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Welcome to the Joint Committee on Health Care Financing hearing.
• We have this public hearing of the Joint Committee on Health Care Financing.
• BCABAs being licensed by the Department of Public Health Board of Registration of Allied Mental Health
• We hired a third-party actuarial firm, Health Management Associates.
• ESRD patients have complex health care needs and face high out-of-pocket costs.

Summary: The Joint Committee on Health Care Financing held a public hearing on a range of health care financing bills focused largely on autism services and kidney disease coverage. Committee chairs John Lawn and Cindy Friedman outlined hearing procedures and noted that written testimony would continue to be accepted until each bill is acted upon. They said the day’s bills addressed affordability and access to behavioral health services, provider reimbursement, Medicare coverage for vulnerable patients, and MassHealth eligibility asset exemptions. A major portion of the hearing concerned House Bill 4623, which would recognize board-certified assistant behavior analysts (BCABAs) in the MassHealth reimbursement framework to help address long wait lists for autism spectrum disorder services. Representative Lisa Field and several providers testified that Massachusetts families face long delays for ABA services and that adding BCABAs would expand workforce capacity, reduce costs, and improve access. Wakely actuary Annie Tasman Ewing said a three-tier model could reduce MassHealth costs by up to 6% annually, while Dr. Sandra Beaton and others described severe wait lists and said the bill would allow more families to be served sooner. The committee also heard extensive testimony on House Bill 4425 and Senate Bill 2737, which would allow people under 65 with end-stage renal disease to purchase Medigap coverage. Representative Stanley, Senator Gomez, and advocates from the American Kidney Fund and Dialysis Patient Citizens argued that current law unfairly excludes these patients, leaves them with high out-of-pocket costs, and can delay transplant eligibility because many centers require secondary insurance. Testifiers said the change would help about 846 residents, could cost insurers only a small premium increase, and might reduce Medicaid spending by avoiding asset spend-downs. Committee members asked questions about the existing statutory carve-out and the practical effects on transplant access. The hearing also included testimony on House Bill 4353 and Senate Bill 2587, which would require regular Medicaid rate reviews for ABA services. Providers and clinicians said current MassHealth rates no longer reflect the cost of delivering care, especially with new 2026 policy requirements, workforce shortages, and accreditation obligations. They emphasized that the bills would not mandate a rate increase but would create a data-driven, transparent review process. At the end of the hearing, the chairs thanked participants, invited additional written testimony, and the committee voted unanimously to adjourn the hearing.

Transcript Highlights:

• treatment, and to ensure that no other family endures what mine has.
• Our association represents behavioral health providers across the state.
• A utility must file regarding the use of AI in utility operations.
• A utility must file regarding the use of AI in utility operations.
• Apple forces app developers to pay exorbitant fees to operate...

Summary: The committee heard several bills focused on AI, privacy, and surveillance. SB 903 would prohibit AI from independently providing psychotherapy or presenting itself as a licensed mental health provider, require disclosure and informed consent, and reinforce confidentiality and privacy protections for therapy records. Supporters, including a mother and therapist whose son died by suicide after extensive chats with ChatGPT, argued the bill is needed to prevent harmful, crisis-related interactions. Behavioral health groups and labor/privacy organizations supported the measure, while TechNet, the California Medical Association, and the California Hospital Association opposed unless amended, saying the bill could restrict useful clinical tools and create conflicts around triage, screening, and data use. The committee passed SB 903 4-0 to Appropriations, with members noting the need for further work on definitions and implementation. SB 1119 would create a broader framework for chatbot safety for children, including annual risk assessments, crisis response protocols, default child protections, parental controls, notice and time limits, restrictions on advertising and use of children’s data, incident reporting, audits, and a private right of action. The author and supporters again cited the death of Adam Raine as evidence that chatbots can reinforce suicidal ideation and isolate children. Common Sense Media and several labor and privacy groups supported the bill. CalChamber, TechNet, the California State Sheriffs’ Association, and other industry and local government groups opposed unless amended, raising concerns about vague standards, overlap with SB 243, prescriptive design mandates, and litigation risk. The committee approved SB 1119 4-0 to Judiciary, with amendments to be taken there. The committee also heard SB 1013, which would tighten rules for automated license plate reader data by requiring DOJ audits, employee training, and a 30-day retention limit for most data. Supporters said the bill responds to documented misuse and over-retention of data that mostly belongs to innocent drivers. Law enforcement groups opposed, arguing the retention limit would hinder investigations and reduce the usefulness of ALPRs in serious or delayed cases. The bill passed 4-1 to Appropriations. SB 1292, a local control bill for six cities, would allow camera or sensor-based enforcement of curb and loading zones, with a human reviewing each violation before issuance. Supporters said it would help cities manage congestion and unsafe blocking of bike lanes and loading zones; privacy advocates warned about expanding automated surveillance. It passed 4-1 to Appropriations. Finally, the committee heard SB 1101, which would require higher education institutions to notify students, faculty, and staff when personal information is shared with federal agencies and limit disclosure to what is legally required. Supporters framed it as a transparency and anti-doxing measure in response to recent federal investigations and subpoenas; there was no opposition testimony. The bill passed 5-0 to Appropriations. The committee then began hearing SB 951, the California Worker Technological Displacement Act, which would require advance notice and reporting when employers displace workers due to technology and give displaced workers priority for openings, but the transcript cuts off before the hearing concluded.

Transcript Highlights:

• screenings, referrals for mental health support, and all sorts of other health care.
• Abortion care is health care, full stop. Abortion care is very... Abortion care is health care.
• screenings, referrals for mental health support, and all sorts of other health care.
• Abortion care is health care. Full stop. Abortion care is foundational women's health care.
• Supporting this funding is a direct investment in public health and stabilizes health infrastructure

Keywords: 987, senate, all

Bills: SB137, SB372, SB1209, SB1226, SB1256, SB1303, SB1595, SB1636, SB1772, SB1827, SB1876, SB1944, SB2072, SB2104, SB2180

Keywords: electronic monitoring, Department of Corrections, criminal justice, rehabilitation, public safety, SB372, firearms, gun rights, lawful carry, concealed carry, open carry, handgun license, Oklahoma Self-Defense Act, weapons policy, gun law, school safety, private school, public school, college campus, university campus

Bills: SB137, SB372, SB1209, SB1226, SB1256, SB1303, SB1595, SB1636, SB1772, SB1827, SB1876, SB1944, SB2072, SB2104, SB2180

Keywords: electronic monitoring, Department of Corrections, criminal justice, rehabilitation, public safety, SB372, firearms, gun rights, lawful carry, concealed carry, open carry, handgun license, Oklahoma Self-Defense Act, weapons policy, gun law, school safety, private school, public school, college campus, university campus

Summary: The committee heard a series of Senate bills, most of them receiving unanimous or near-unanimous do-pass recommendations. SB 1595, as amended, exempts commercial driver training schools administered by the Oklahoma Department of Corrections from provisions regulating state agency interactions with CDL schools; the amendment was adopted and the bill passed 9-0. SB 1303 transferred property and records from the Advisory Council on Workers’ Compensation to the Workers’ Compensation Commission, SB 2180 required certain foreign principals’ agents to register with the Secretary of State, SB 2072 expanded title-theft protections and allowed broader law-enforcement investigation and fee waivers, SB 1772 clarified when vehicle lights must be used, and SB 1209 excluded Sundays and federal holidays from eviction timelines; each passed without opposition or with overwhelming support. Members also advanced SB 137, a mirror bill to a House measure dealing with a corrections-related issue, after discussion about retroactivity and possible amendments on the Senate side; it passed 9-1. SB 1944 adjusted an agriculture payroll threshold exemption and passed 10-0. SB 372 clarified that a person may carry a weapon from the front door to a room in a state-owned hotel or lodge and passed 9-1. SB 1636 allowed a victim’s family to request a cold case review from any law enforcement agency and passed 11-0. SB 1256 was amended to remove language requiring certain written judicial findings, then passed 11-0. Additional bills approved included SB 1827, which updated definitions in the Government Tort Claims Act; SB 2104, a cleanup and integration measure following adoption of the Oklahoma Uniform Trust Code; SB 1226, clarifying when a driver must stop after an accident involving property damage; and SB 1876, allowing a foreign insurer to be served through its registered agent rather than only the insurance commissioner. The committee adjourned after reporting all measures out favorably.

Transcript Highlights:

• screenings, referrals for mental health support, and all sorts of other health care.
• Abortion care is health care. Full stop. Abortion care is foundational women's health care.
• Immigrants' health care.
• ... ...that health centers can continue seeing patients and pays for health care services provided to
• Supporting this funding is a direct investment in public health and stabilizes health infrastructure

Summary: The Senate opened with prayer, the Pledge of Allegiance, and several floor recognitions, including St. Mary’s High School football team for its first state championship and Black-owned businesses honored by the Legislative Black Caucus and Black Chamber of Commerce. The Rules Committee also reported Senate Resolution 77 to third reading. The chamber then confirmed Tyler Sadwith as Chief Deputy Director for Health Care Programs at the Department of Health Care Services and State Medicaid Director by a 33-0 vote. The main floor debate centered on SR 77, a resolution condemning racist and dehumanizing imagery posted by President Trump depicting former President Barack Obama and former First Lady Michelle Obama. Supporters from multiple caucuses, including the Black, Latino, Jewish, LGBTQ, and API caucuses, described the post as racist, harmful, and part of a broader pattern of dehumanization and urged a public apology. A few Republicans objected to the resolution’s language and process, saying it was overly partisan or not collaborative, but the resolution was adopted on a 28-0 vote. The Senate also took up SB 106, a budget bill to provide $90 million in state funding for family planning providers, especially Planned Parenthood, after federal cuts under H.R. 1. Supporters argued the bill would preserve essential reproductive and preventive health services, especially in rural and underserved communities, and backfill lost reimbursements. Opponents criticized the bill’s transparency, no-bid contracting structure, and priorities compared with other needs such as distressed hospitals and developmental disability services. After debate, the Senate concurred in the Assembly amendments to SB 106 by a 26-9 vote.

Transcript Highlights:

• Enduring Freedom.
• of a child, refer to the Committee on Public Health.
• Refer to the Committee on Public Health.
• health.
• Referred to the Committee on Public Health. HCR 95 by Huffner.

Keywords: 1184, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• There are many people who assist in the behind-the-scenes operations of the Assembly, and Lou is one
• He also worked overseas in the Philippines, where he established the printing operation for Intensive
• Her enduring legacy represents the very best California public school tradition has to offer.
• Her enduring legacy represents the very best California public school tradition has to offer.
• AB 277 would require employees who provide behavioral health treatment to undergo a background check

Summary: The Assembly convened after a quorum call, offered a prayer and Pledge of Allegiance, and then spent much of the session on guest introductions recognizing visitors, community college delegations, students, caregivers, a retired Assembly staff member, and a championship high school football team. Members also observed an adjournment in memory for Alex Preddy, a VA nurse killed in Minnesota, and later for Kathy Wooten and Rowena Ramos. The chamber then moved through the daily file and third reading file, with several items passed, retained, or continued. Among the bills taken up, AB 34 on renewable portfolio standard exemptions for publicly owned utilities passed 55-0; AB 35 to accelerate implementation of Proposition 4 climate resilience funds passed 62-0; AB 52 on food and agriculture equity passed 50-6; AB 72 creating an EV economic opportunity zone passed 58-0; AB 96 removing a diploma requirement for Medi-Cal peer support specialists passed 55-0; AB 230 extending Pierce’s disease control programs passed 64-0; AB 277 requiring background checks for behavioral health employees passed 59-0; AB 647 clarifying a county RV disposal pilot passed 54-0; AB 664 authorizing limited bachelor’s programs at Southwestern Community College passed 60-1; AB 673 creating a support grant for unaccompanied homeless youth passed 55-1; AB 710 on dynamic electricity pricing passed 54-0; AB 748 streamlining pre-approved housing plans passed 65-0; AB 767 expanding protections around sexually violent predator placements near schools and daycares passed 65-0; AB 883 protecting officials’ personal information from data brokers passed 66-0; AB 946 expanding 30x30 conservation efforts to urban areas passed 65-0; AB 1054 creating a deferred retirement option program for CHP and Cal Fire passed 61-1; AB 1070 on missing middle housing code simplification passed 66-0; AB 1159 strengthening student data privacy passed 54-4; AB 1204 revising the Local Control Funding Formula passed 54-1; AB 1265 extending the historic building tax credit passed 64-0; AB 1349 banning speculative ticketing passed 61-0; AB 1359 allowing seniors 80+ to opt out of jury service without a doctor’s note passed 67-1; AB 643 on organic waste procurement credits passed 48-4; AB 685 creating a small business resiliency fund passed 63-0; AB 714 tightening oversight of commercial driving programs passed 65-1; and AB 805 establishing a youth apprenticeship bridge program passed 66-0. Several other items were passed and retained or continued without debate. Debate on AB 1054 drew the sharpest disagreement, with opponents warning about pension costs and supporters arguing it would help retain experienced CHP officers and firefighters. AB 767 also prompted strong comments about public safety and placement of sexually violent predators in rural communities. On AB 1349, supporters from both parties backed the anti-speculative ticketing bill as consumer protection, while AB 664 drew support from members emphasizing access to higher education in underserved regions. The Assembly then adjourned until January 29, 2026, after announcing upcoming session dates and recording a few vote changes from the dais.

Transcript Highlights:

• H2 was created with all of our operational needs in mind, and so I... ...all of our operational needs
• It's just to fund core operations.
• and mental health... ...systems that exist both from the public health and mental health, and oftentimes
• We have mental health clinicians.
• But when you're talking a minimum operational number, when it comes to security personnel, health care

Summary: The Joint Committee on Ways and Means held its sixth public hearing on the Governor’s FY27 H-2 budget proposal, focused on public safety and judiciary agencies, at the Foxborough Community Center. After opening remarks and local welcomes, the committee heard testimony from the Executive Office of Public Safety and Security (EOPSS), led by Secretary Gina Kwan, who described the $1.72 billion budget as a 4% increase over FY26 and emphasized readiness, local partnerships, and support for core operations rather than expansion. She highlighted ongoing work on firearms-law implementation, State Police academy reforms, DOC’s new strategic plan, disaster response, hate-crime prevention, and planning for major 2026 events including the World Cup, Marathon, and America’s 250th anniversary. Members also raised concerns about State Police capacity, DNA backlog reporting, academy boxing/training reforms after a trooper’s death, ICE coordination, diversity in public safety leadership, the disaster relief fund, crime lab funding, reentry programming, and whether OEMS should move from DPH to EOPSS; Kwan said she would keep an open mind on some issues but was not ready to commit to an OEMS transfer. The committee then questioned EOPSS officials and the State Police colonel on several operational matters. The colonel said the academy boxing program remains suspended and likely will not return in its prior form, pending an IACP review, and that future training will likely emphasize jujitsu-style control techniques. He also said the State Police uses the civil service exam, with current advancement scores ranging from 83.72 to 98.78 for the most recent class, and acknowledged the need to improve recruitment, preparation, and diversity. On the DNA and sexual assault kit backlog, EOPSS said it supports extending the statute of limitations and is working with the courts and crime lab to identify and collect lawfully owed DNA. On disaster preparedness, officials said the new disaster relief fund is being developed with MEMA and A&F, is currently capitalized at $14 million with another $14 million expected, and should be designed to respond flexibly to different regional needs. They also said the crime lab increase is largely to cover core operations and a structural deficiency rather than expansion. Several members focused on public safety coordination and staffing. Questions from legislators from Bristol, Plymouth, Cape Cod, and elsewhere stressed the need for State Police to absorb additional forensic work if county resources shift, and to maintain strong communication with local chiefs and federal partners. Rep. Holmes pressed EOPSS on racial and gender diversity in the department and State Police; Kwan and Colonel Noble said diversity has improved but will take time to show up in senior leadership, and they pointed to internships and hiring practices as ways to broaden the pipeline. The hearing also included discussion of the World Cup security plan, with Kwan saying planning has been underway for about 18 months through 14 working groups and that current staffing and overtime resources appear sufficient for now. After EOPSS concluded, the committee recessed briefly and then began testimony from district attorneys, led by Suffolk DA Kevin Hayden, who said prosecutors are seeking a 10% budget increase to address staffing and salary pressures, especially the widening pay gap between assistant district attorneys and newly hired public defenders after recent CPCS funding increases.

Transcript Highlights:

• You may. and even our brains. and even our brains.
• </c> health and human services. health and human services.
• </c><02:04:49.120><c> So,</c> brain cells. So, brain cells.
• </c> health-related services. health-related services.
• health health and<02:20:40.200><c> and</c><02:20:40.360><c> mental</c><02:20:40.640><c> health</c><02

Keywords: 926, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• So, as her personal project, she has established a teen mental health platform called Keymari Chat, where
• So, as her personal project, she has established a teen mental health platform called Keymari Chat, where
• So, as her personal project, she has established a teen mental health platform called Keymari Chat, where

Bills: HR209, SB3131, SB2494, SB2447, SB2727, SB2145, SB2143, HR22, HCR22, HR97, HCR105, HR138, HCR146, HCR16, HCR35, HCR40, HR3, HCR4, HR161, HCR171, HR109, HCR117, HR33, HCR33, HR141, HCR149, HR190, HCR200, HR193, HCR203, HR194, HCR204, HR196, HCR206, HR197, HCR207, HR191, HCR201, HR12, HCR10, HR148, HCR157, HR184, HCR194, HR195, HCR205, HR192, HCR202, HR173, HCR183, HR179, HCR189, HR181, HCR191, HR21, HCR21, HR23, HCR24, HR60, HCR66, HR113, HCR121, HR145, HCR153, HR74, HCR82, HR77, HCR85, HR90, HCR98, HR27, HCR36, HR165, HCR175, HR187, HCR197, HR5, HCR6, SB2054

Keywords: entertainment, comedy, youth wellness, cultural identity, Hawaiian culture, mental health, public service, job title, administrative assistant, executive assistant, state personnel, civil service, modernization, employment standards, bribery, corruption, statute of limitations, public servant, criminal justice, campaign finance

Transcript Highlights:

• A youth camp operator shall provide each camper with safe and healthful conditions, facilities with no
• A youth camp operator shall provide each camper with safe and healthful conditions, facilities with no
• I think—” “Bad operators not operate in Clinton camps.
• A youth camp operator shall provide each camper with safe and healthful conditions.
• Operators shall provide each camper with safe and healthful conditions, facilities, and equipment that

Keywords: 1185, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• But the real answer is actually your brain. Your brain is the rent and stuff.
• Their brains are still growing.
• of their brains because of the THC, the high-potency THC that is now bouncing around in their brains
• imagine that that's affecting mental health.
• Look at the National Institutes of Health.

Keywords: 999, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• But we'll operate as we did last session.
• Those are probably the best technologies operated at the best rate possible.
• And we really believe it will help the health of our patients. So that's our interest in this.
• And I'm not going to go into the same issues... ...energy resources when operated safely.
• Thank you. ...gas generation operates with strong emissions control. Thank you.

Summary: The committee began with member and staff introductions, then held a work session on emissions-intensive trade-exposed facilities (EITEs) under Washington’s Climate Commitment Act. Ecology staff reviewed how cap-and-invest works, explained EITE no-cost allowance allocations, and summarized a new report to the Legislature on policy options for 2035-2050. Ecology recommended continuing no-cost allocations but adjusting them to fit the cap, considering a consignment approach that would require EITEs to invest part of the value of free allowances in decarbonization, and studying additional benchmarking and leakage-mitigation refinements. Quebec officials described their cap-and-trade system, including a consignment model that withholds part of free allocations, holds the value in trust for facilities, and requires technical studies and investment in mitigation projects; they said it has encouraged industrial investment and no business closures. Members asked about facility closures, compliance costs, eligible uses of consigned funds, and adaptation spending. The work session then closed. The committee then heard House Bill 2296, which would expand distributed energy resources by allowing portable plug-in solar devices and meter-mounted devices. The prime sponsor said the bill is intended to lower barriers and startup costs for renters and homeowners who want to electrify or add solar. Supporters, including a nonprofit promoting plug-in solar and a physician group, said the devices could broaden access to clean energy and reduce greenhouse gas and health harms. Utilities, labor, and industry groups opposed the bill as written, citing safety concerns, lack of national electrical code standards, possible backfeeding and fire risks, utility-worker hazards, unclear interconnection rules, and concerns about multifamily housing and small-utility review burdens. Some witnesses said they were open to continued work on the proposal. Next, the committee heard House Bill 2285, which would allow natural gas generation paired with carbon capture, utilization, storage, or mineralization to count toward Clean Energy Transformation Act compliance. The sponsor and supporters argued the bill would provide a “bridge” for firm power, help address reliability and transmission constraints, and support jobs while reducing emissions compared with conventional gas. Opponents said the bill would weaken CETA’s 100% clean electricity target by allowing resources that still emit carbon to qualify, and they questioned whether 75% capture is sufficient. Other testimony raised cost concerns and warned that carbon capture could increase ratepayer costs. The hearing on HB 2285 was later suspended and reopened briefly for additional testimony from Ecology, which said the bill would permanently weaken CETA standards and likely reduce emissions reductions. The committee also briefly received a staff briefing on House Bill 2272, a ski-area terminology bill, and then suspended that hearing to take it up later.

Transcript Highlights:

• 497 is a public health issue because keeping the brain active helps prevent and deter Alzheimer's disease
• 497 is a public health issue because keeping the brain active helps prevent and deter Alzheimer's disease
• 497 is a public health issue because keeping the brain active helps prevent and deter Alzheimer's disease
• 497 is a public health issue because keeping the brain active helps prevent and deter Alzheimer's disease
• </c> purpose and brain health benefits. purpose and brain health benefits.

Keywords: 958, all

Transcript Highlights:

• We know that the brain doesn't fully develop until around age 25.
• It's a family-owned and operated retail business based out of Massachusetts.
• To create distance and space and get out of the fight-or-flight brain and use the logic brain and breathe
• , or health care provider, and we have assault and battery on a firefighter.
• , or health care provider, and we have assault and battery on a firefighter.

Keywords: 995, all

Summary: The hearing opened with procedural remarks and acknowledgments of Rosh Hashanah, followed by testimony on several criminal justice bills before the Joint Committee on the Judiciary. A major focus was S. 1061, the “Raise the Age” bill, which would gradually move 18- to 20-year-olds into the juvenile justice system. Supporters included youth and young adult advocates, former juvenile court Judge Jay Blitzman, ACLU and CPCS representatives, Roca, United Way, Citizens for Juvenile Justice, and Senator Brendan Crichton. They argued that young adults are still developmentally immature, that juvenile court services improve education and rehabilitation, and that adult-system involvement leads to higher recidivism and racial disparities. Committee members asked practical questions about how the bill would work, and witnesses explained that it would expand access to juvenile court diversion, probation, and DYS services for the covered age group. The chairs also noted a notice issue, clarifying that the hearing had been posted seven days in advance rather than the usual ten. The committee also heard testimony on a bill to revise accomplice and joint venture murder liability and sentencing. Representative Sam Montaño and Senator Liz Miranda supported the reform, arguing that current law can impose life sentences on people with limited or no knowledge of a killing and that the doctrine contributes to racial bias and disproportionate punishment. A law professor, a former defendant, and advocates from the National Council for Incarcerated and Formerly Incarcerated Women and Girls described cases where people were punished far beyond their actual role and said the bill would better align charges and sentences with individual culpability. Related testimony also supported a proportionality-focused reform to reduce the harshness of joint venture sentencing. Several other public safety and criminal justice bills drew testimony. Senator Robin Kennedy supported a bill redefining strangulation in domestic violence law, saying the current “substantial pressure” standard is too vague and that strangulation is often lethal without visible injury. District Attorney Ryan and a retail business executive backed a bill on organized retail theft, saying it would give prosecutors more flexible charging options and better address coordinated theft rings. Representative Vieira and the family of Kiana Barros urged action on Kiana’s Law, which would improve restraining-order notification and enforcement after Barros’s daughter was killed after an order was not served. The hearing also included support for the HALO Act, which would create a 25-foot safety zone around first responders and penalize harassment or obstruction, and for a bill to enhance courthouse security by creating specific protections for judges and their families. No votes were taken during the hearing."} 0}]}