Transcript Highlights:

• Next up, at 9:50, is HB 102, which has a fiscal note.
• c> which has a fiscal note um the uh which has a fiscal note um the uh representative<00:08:35.159>
• That's why the fiscal note is there too.
• That's why the fiscal note is there too.
• note is there too that you know I fiscal note is there too that you know I I<00:26:01.799> when

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Chair calls the Education Finance Committee to order for Thursday, February 20, 2025, and a quorum is noted
• <00:03:29.159> 206 pupil count for the fiscal 206 pupil count for the fiscal 206 then<00:03
• <00:29:51.320> year districts from fiscal year districts from fiscal year 2024<00:29:53.279
• She then noted that Mr. Oie was there.
• She noted that some examples that came to mind were full-service community schools.

Bills: HF56, HF780

Keywords: HF56, Minnesota bonding bill, capital investment, state bonds, bond proceeds fund, Hutchinson Area Transportation Services, Hutchinson, McLeod County, transportation facility, vehicle storage, equipment storage, fueling facility, temperate storage, local infrastructure, public works, general obligation bonds, education finance, school funding, state aid, appropriations

Transcript Highlights:

• It's got a fiscal cost." Don't we call that death by fiscal note?
• Well, lo and behold, just I believe it was today, the fiscal note came back for that bill.
• It's got a fiscal cost." It's got a fiscal cost."
• Don't we call that death by fiscal note? Don't we call that death by fiscal note?
• was today, the fiscal note came back for was today, the fiscal note came back for that<00:47:33.520

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• in fiscal year 2024-2025.
• $41.1 billion in fiscal year 2024-2025.
• Secondly, the commitment to rural Florida is long-standing and fiscally constrained.
• You have laid out a program and I want to talk about the fiscally constrained.
• French Brown: I want to note some states automatically follow federal tax changes.

Keywords: 999, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• In light of the fiscal note, In light of the fiscal note, it would have created around $7 million per
• note on it?
• note on it?
• I mean, that’s above my pay grade because that is going to impact continual fiscal expenditures.
• On a personal note, I have lived in this neighborhood and the area of town that he built for 23 years

Bills: HR195, HR196, HR197, HR198, HR199, HR200, HR201, HR202, HR203, HR204, HR205, HR206, HR207, HR208, HR209, HCR87, HCR88, HCR89, HCR90, HR192, HR193, HR194, HCR80, HCR81, HCR82, HCR83, HCR84, HCR85, SB235, SB416, SB425, SB435, SB439, HCR15, HCR41, HCR76, HCR77, SCR3, HB91, HB167, HB227, HB243, HB264, HB321, HB335, HB398, HB492, HB623, HB624, HB660, HB689, HB708, HB719, HB802, HB804, HB884, HB906, HB926, HB934, HB940, HB955, HB968, HB969, HB978, HB985, HB1005, HB1022, HB1028, HB1029, HB1069, HB1077, HB1095, HB1104, HB1107, HB1185, HB1187, HB1199, HB1201, HB1203, HB1217, HB1220, SB66, SB68, SB76, SB139, SB336, SB475, HR1, HR17, HCR5, HCR4, HCR47, HCR32, HR38, HR96, HR160, HCR31, HCR61, SCR19, HB64, HB68, HB92, HB12, HB42, HB205, HB222, HB267, HB324, HB325, HB350, HB478, HB610, HB617, HB745, HB749, HB752, HB797, HB807, HB821, HB896, HB979, HB992, HB1000, HB1024, HB1050, HB1166, HB1172, HB1173, HB1207, HB1218, HB1223, HB316, HB549, HB578, HB748, HB798, HB824, HB988, HB989, HB1001, HB1032, HB1081, HB1108, HB1129, HB1140, HB1157, HB1192, HB1195, HB1198, HB1244, SB73, SB89, SB128, SB149, SB191, SB196, SB238, SB318, SB340, HB306, HB366, HB911, HB1161, HB1230, HB59, HB481, HB772, HB897, HB1003, HB1008, HB1112, HB1180, HB1189, HB525, HB1058, HB181, HB1118, HB1082, HB901, HR20, HR74, HB225, HB284, HB393, HB458, HB459, HB577, HB582, HB605, HB614, HB682, HB733, HB773, HB864, HB996, HB1035, HB1113, HB1234, HB1240

Keywords: Louisiana Young Heroes Day, Louisiana Public Broadcasting, LPB, house resolution, ceremonial resolution, special observance, youth recognition, student achievement, community service, public service, high school students, youth leadership, disability advocacy, autism, diabetes, epilepsy, foster care, STEM, robotics, literacy

Summary: The House convened with a quorum, adopted the journal, and spent much of the day on recognitions and resolutions. Members honored NAMI and proclaimed Mental Health Awareness Month, recognized fourth graders from Alpine Christian School, Hunter Nation supporters, Vermilion Parish guests, and the 2026 Louisiana Young Heroes. The House also observed a moment of silence for Martha Odom after the Mall of Louisiana tragedy, and one member spoke against political violence and harassment. Several resolutions were adopted, including measures for Louisiana Young Heroes Day, Rural Mental Health Day, Nurses’ Day/Week, a study of child abuse reporter training, a memorial on FISA/privacy, and studies on civil bench warrants, property transfer/public records issues, the term “foreign” in state law, and carbon sequestration-related property issues. The House also adopted HCR 4 by a 63-30 vote to suspend certain Louisiana Administrative Code provisions on supplemental feeding, baiting, and chronic wasting disease control areas for 18 months. The chamber then moved through a large number of committee reports and bills, mostly advancing them without objection. Notable measures included bills on criminal discovery and law enforcement records, impaired driving task force, sexual assault nurse examiners and oversight, election commissioner pay, Medicaid dental coverage tied to other procedures, judicial salaries, teacher phased retirement, TOPS Tech eligibility, school emergency operations plans, pharmacy benefit manager transparency, and school-based health services. Several bills were recommitted to Appropriations or sent to third reading, while others were adopted as titles or amended in committee reports. In floor action on final passage, the House approved a series of bills with broad support: H.B. 12 on survivor benefits for reserve and auxiliary law enforcement officers (102-0), H.B. 402 on phased retirement for higher education employees (97-2), H.B. 205 on supplemental compensation for election commissioners (98-0), H.B. 224 on Medicaid dental coverage for medically necessary procedures (98-0), H.B. 267 on Louisiana State Board of Home Inspectors appointments (70-19), H.B. 324 on judicial salary increases (98-0), H.B. 325 on TOPS Tech eligibility changes (90-7), H.B. 350 expanding a charter school’s grade levels (98-0), H.B. 745 extending special permit authority for tandem loads (100-0), H.B. 749 transferring administration of 529/ABLE savings programs to a third-party platform while keeping state oversight (94-0), H.B. 797 creating the Bayou Gold Program for digital gold businesses (101-0), H.B. 807 creating a workforce instructor capacity investment program (90-0), H.B. 821 moving the Center for Safe Schools to the Law Enforcement Commission (103-0), H.B. 896 on toll signage, dispute procedures, and customer service centers (103-0), H.B. 979 increasing first responder survivor benefits to $404,000 after amendment (103-0), H.B. 992 assigning student IDs in early childhood programs (94-6), H.B. 1000 adjusting highway priority program procedures and local district contract limits (96-0), H.B. 1024 creating a Louisiana Democratic Party license plate (100-0), H.B. 1050 clarifying CDL age and vision requirements (98-0), and H.B. 1173 easing late-fee treatment in license reinstatement payment plans (94-0).

Transcript Highlights:

• But we've noted that from your previous comments, there's a need to focus on math.
• Keep note of that. And then we had Representative Chatfield and then Representative Brown.
• There are a lot of appropriations in the spreadsheet that go back to fiscal year 2020.
• We've been taking copious notes and we're hearing that number, so we'll be sure to consider that.
• So it’s a fiscal win-win, ultimately. Thank you.

Keywords: 996, all

Summary: The meeting began as an informal education budget work group focused on reviewing a revised House Appropriations and Finance Committee scenario and flagging concerns rather than taking votes. Staff outlined the main changes from the LFC recommendation, including moving the statewide student information system appropriation, adding funding for the Black, Bilingual, Multicultural and Hispanic Education Act, universal school meals overrun costs, an evidence-based CTE pilot with a 50% local match, STEM network funding, wellness room pilots, Martinez-Yazzie action plan items, and changes to innovation zone and out-of-school time appropriations. A separate handout on the seven-year CTE pilot explained spending patterns, reversions, and possible federal maintenance-of-effort concerns if the state continues funding beyond a true pilot. Members then debated CTE extensively, with several arguing it improves attendance, graduation, and career readiness and should be sustained or expanded, especially in rural areas, while staff and others emphasized that much of the current funding has gone to general operational costs rather than intentional program design and that regional or matched funding models may be more effective. Members also discussed STEM and math initiatives, the need for more industry involvement, and whether the proposed match requirements would be too burdensome for smaller districts and BIE schools. The discussion also covered the Black, Hispanic, and Multilingual Education Acts and the Martinez-Yazzie lawsuit. Some members stressed that the acts should be explicitly named in the budget language and not merely implied, while staff said the scenario reaffirms prior commitments by building the costs into agency operating budgets. Members raised concerns about charter school hold-harmless funding, declining enrollment, and the need to align spending with the needs of at-risk students. The work group ended the education portion without any votes, with staff noting they would incorporate the feedback and return with clarifications, including on CTE funding, the educational acts, and the charter hold-harmless item. The meeting then shifted to the child well-being and early childhood work group, where staff presented a revised Early Childhood Education and Care Department scenario. The proposal moved money toward child care assistance and early pre-K, kept the FIT program funding level unchanged, and used a mix of trust fund, TANF, federal, and operating-budget adjustments to close part of the gap between the executive and LFC recommendations. Members questioned the policy direction, especially the shift toward infant and toddler care and pre-K expansion, the impact on school-age child care, and the implications for continuity of care and provider costs. Staff explained that the scenario prioritizes younger children and at-risk families, includes language for a wage and career ladder, and would require legislation to raise the early childhood trust fund distribution cap from 500 to 525. Members also discussed a separate proposed CYFD pilot bill (HB 65), which would be distinct from ECECD funding. No votes were taken, and staff said they would return with more cost information on full pre-K plus wraparound care. A final work group reviewed C2 and Department of Information Technology-related appropriations. Staff compared the LFC and executive recommendations for new funding and reauthorizations, noting that the LFC generally limited new projects while the executive funded more. Members discussed several IT modernization requests, including the Secretary of State’s voter registration and election management systems, the Spaceport Authority, Game and Fish, the State Engineer’s WATERS system, ECECD’s FitKids and EPIC replacement discovery, and Aging and Long-Term Services’ enterprise system modernization. The main themes were whether to fund planning versus full replacement, how to avoid piecemeal spending, and whether new systems should wait for incoming leadership. The Secretary of State’s office said its system is nearing end of life and the planning funds would help prepare a realistic replacement request, while other agencies described aging infrastructure, cybersecurity risks, and the need for modernization. The work group did not vote on any of the items and ended with staff noting additional follow-up on funding needs and reauthorization details.

Transcript Highlights:

• Even<00:31:20.640> the<00:31:21.039> fiscal<00:31:21.440> note<00:31:21.760>
• acknowledges<00:31:22.480> the Even the fiscal note acknowledges the Even the fiscal note
• The fiscal note itself states oversight.
• We have all seen bills that have well-deserved fiscal notes be waved off.
• welldeserved fiscal notes be waved off. welldeserved fiscal notes be waved off.

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• years to allow grants for fiscal years to allow grants for implementation<00:59:31.040> of<00
• And as was noted, these revenues are from the escheats. Great word.
• Uh, we also, as noted, there's an increase of the handling fee, a temporary increase in the handling
• , where she joint fiscal office, where she specialized<01:49:58.120> in<01:49:58.560> fiscal
• specialized in fiscal analysis. specialized in fiscal analysis.

Keywords: 927, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• There's also a fiscal note now on the record. which um where we discussed in labor and which um where
• There's also a fiscal note now um on the There's also a fiscal note now um on the record.
• There is a fiscal note? There is a fiscal note that says zero cost. >> Zero cost. Correct.
• Uh $18,000 for fiscal year 2026, $74,000 Uh $18,000 for fiscal year 2026, $74,000 for<00:49:01.400>
• You've got a small fiscal note to the state, but there's also a fiscal note to the schools that have

Bills: HF3794, HF4472, HF4410, HF4347, HF4412, HF4398, HF4397, HF4201, HF4199, HF4203, HF3706, HF4071, HF4120, HF4175, HF4188

Keywords: surveillance, price discrimination, wage discrimination, automated decision systems, consumer protections, data privacy, biometrics, school district health insurance, charter school health benefits, employee benefits, public sector health insurance, health insurance survey, Legislative Budget Office, LBO report, premium costs, retiree coverage, broker commissions, third-party administrator, health plan transparency, health reimbursement arrangement

Transcript Highlights:

• Some places even use it for their fiscal programs.
• So I just wanted to note that for you up front.
• You can review this and reference it for fiscal years 26 and 27.
• And those FTE would be responsible for additional efforts in our fiscal year.
• What we are saying, and I will note for you, there are specific things that the U.S.

Transcript Highlights:

• The<01:32:35.600> department<01:32:36.160> notes The department notes The department notes
• So with registry for this fiscal year.
• bill<02:35:18.560> includes Note that the current bill includes Note that the current bill
• And in considering my fiscal And in considering my fiscal responsibility<04:39:58.920> to<04:39
• It's essential to maintain fiscal It's essential to maintain fiscal responsibility<05:45:42.760>

Keywords: 910, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• I'm the fiscal analyst for the committee with Senate Counsel, Research, and Fiscal Analysis.
• I'm Andrew Ericson I'm the fiscal I'm Andrew Ericson I'm the fiscal analyst<00:06:12.840> for
• I fiscal an research and fiscal analysis I also<00:06:29.880> cover<00:06:30.280> uh<00
• <01:08:29.000> year in federal fiscal year in federal fiscal year 26<01:08:31.040> to
• And note that we're not done yet.

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Summary: The subcommittee held its first hearing of the session and began with introductions from members and staff, many of whom shared personal or family connections to military service. The chair emphasized that the committee would work respectfully and invited members to raise concerns directly. No votes or formal actions were taken during the opening portion of the meeting. The main substantive item was an overview presentation from the Minnesota Department of Veterans Affairs. Commissioner Brad Lindsay described the agency’s mission, statewide footprint, and strategic goals, noting Minnesota has more than 286,000 veterans and that MDVA serves veterans in all 87 counties. He outlined the department’s structure, including eight veterans homes, four state veterans cemeteries, tribal and campus outreach, and the agency’s focus on seamless support, awareness of programs, stewardship of resources, and workforce retention. Deputy Commissioner Ben Johnson then detailed the Programs and Services Division, including federal VA claims assistance, veterans employment and education support, state veterans cemeteries and memorial affairs, the State Soldiers Assistance Program, homelessness prevention, tribal veteran service officers, women veterans services, the Minnesota GI Bill, licensing and certification assistance, the state approving agency, veterans preference, emergency assistance, the LinkVet line, and the Minnesota Service Core partnership with Lutheran Social Services. He also noted the agency’s work on food insecurity and burial services. The presentation was informational only, with no committee action reported.

Transcript Highlights:

• On a similar note, House Bill 21 has the acequia bureau of the Interstate Stream Commission...
• One quick note before the next comment: We just restarted the Zoom.
• On the fiscal impact report, page three, they had some significant issues that I want to address.
• So we're going from, it says here, a shift from the fiscal policy to moving to a land grant, Merceda,
• And if you see the fiscal impact on this, it is about $50,000 a year. It's not a significant cost.

Keywords: 996, all

Transcript Highlights:

• <00:50:48.240> court, allows the coroner or the fiscal court, allows the coroner or the fiscal
• Um there was a fiscal the most part.
• So the if the fiscal courts cheaper.
• <00:59:22.559> The<00:59:22.799> next<00:59:22.960> fiscal current fiscal year
• The next fiscal current fiscal year.

Keywords: 958, all

Summary: The committee first heard an update from representatives of the Kentucky County Clerk’s Association on the transition to electronic recording and land records modernization. They reviewed the 2021 task force work, the legislation and budget funding that followed, and the requirements for county clerks to provide online search portals and complete 30-year property record searches, with a 60-year standard expected next summer. Speakers said most counties are still working through scanning and verification, with only a small number fully complete, and emphasized that verification of records is the main bottleneck because it requires staff time and careful matching of indexes to deeds. They also noted limited vendor availability, differences among counties in what records are already digitized, and that the association and land title attorneys are now working more closely on future “continuous improvement” legislation. The clerks also raised related issues, including concerns about deed fraud as more records become searchable online. They said some counties already offer notification services that alert property owners when a document is recorded, which can help owners respond quickly to suspicious filings. They also discussed the filing document storage fee and KDLA digitization grants, saying the funding structure has generally worked but that two grant cycles have been missed. Another topic was whether, once records are fully digitized and searchable, some permanent records should remain publicly accessible or be moved to a safer archive. In response to committee questions, the witnesses said the remaining delays are less about money than staffing shortages and the need for more manpower to complete verification, and they said they would follow up on the balance in the KDLA fund and other details. The committee then received a presentation from an Area Development District representative, who described the districts as regional, nonpartisan service organizations that help cities and counties pool resources, provide technical assistance, and leverage public and private partnerships. He highlighted examples of regional cooperation, including veterans-directed care and other shared programs, and argued that the districts create efficiencies and economies of scale for local governments and the state. No votes or formal actions were taken during the portion of the meeting provided.

Transcript Highlights:

• And we should note that WSDOT has a transportation mandate, but transportation planning also WSDOT is
• Because when you produce your plans, it's not what I would call a fiscally constrained plan.
• So how do we deal with this business about grand plans versus fiscal reality?
• Important note about this: we do not have a mechanism currently to verify somebody's race or identity
• Important note about this, we do not have a mechanism currently to verify somebody's race or identity

Summary: The committee first heard a presentation from WSDOT on balancing uncertainty in capital program estimates and cash flow management. WSDOT explained the differences between design-bid-build and design-build delivery, its tiered risk-assessment process by project size, and how it uses base estimates, inflation, and risk modeling to set budgets. Staff said design-bid-build estimates are generally accurate within about 1% across the program, while design-build projects carry much wider uncertainty and are better communicated as ranges; they cited a P85 budget approach and noted that large, complex projects can be affected by market competition and long procurement timelines. Members asked about the Columbia River Bridge cost growth and about value engineering, and WSDOT said it uses value engineering but has limited scope to cut costs because of project requirements and policy mandates. Troy Swing also discussed cash flow, noting that a few large projects can significantly affect biennial funding needs, and said a risk pool would not reduce overall program risk but could help manage timing if paired with appropriation and cash-flow controls. The committee then received the final presentation in the WSDOT Project Delivery and Innovative Practices study from HKA Global. The consultant said WSDOT’s estimating practices are generally robust and recommended improving transparency by presenting budget authorizations as ranges or estimate classes, better tracking estimate growth over time, and adjusting advertisement timing to avoid competing lettings. The report also discussed surety bonding, suggesting the legislature consider restoring authority for reduced bonding on select large design-build projects or using phased bonding and alternative securities. On indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity contracting, the consultant said current job order contract rules are restrictive and recommended legislative changes to make such tools more usable, especially for smaller tasks and to help use unspent funds more flexibly. The committee also heard a follow-up presentation on transit-oriented development policy recommendations tied to HB 1491. The Urban Institute’s Yona Freemark said Washington has been a national leader on TOD but that housing construction, especially in the Puget Sound, has slowed sharply since 2022. He said rising construction costs, high financing costs, and local tax and rent conditions are making many TOD projects infeasible, and recommended that the state fill infrastructure funding gaps around stations, revisit MFTE affordability requirements, consider minimum rather than average density requirements near transit, and create a statewide system to track TOD outcomes such as affordability, gentrification, and transit access. Members questioned the study’s developer interviews, the role of rent control and crime, property tax assumptions, and parking needs; the presenter said the study included five private developers, that rent control was not part of the study scope, and that parking was included in the model assumptions. Finally, the committee began a presentation on regulating emissions from ocean-going vessels at berth. Staff and consultants described California-style at-berth rules, which require shore power or equivalent emissions controls so ships can shut off diesel auxiliary engines while docked. The study is examining vessel traffic, emissions reductions, implementation costs, labor and operational needs, and possible effects on port competitiveness and cargo diversion. No votes or formal actions were taken during the meeting.

Transcript Highlights:

• note.
• note.
• Um, we are process of the fiscal note.
• My understanding is that the fiscal note has been submitted, and I'm not sure specifically where it is
• But I'm happy to answer any questions on the numbers that were in the submitted fiscal note.

Bills: HF4266

Keywords: higher education, state grants, financial aid, college affordability, Office of Higher Education, Minnesota State Grant, need analysis, expected family contribution, student aid, grant formula, living and miscellaneous expense allowance, dependent student, independent student, parental contribution, student contribution, surplus appropriation, biennium, summer 2026, 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• We invest in it every fiscal year.
• A couple of quick notes as we're doing this. I'm going to invite up Mr.
• As a reminder, the average cost to plug a well last fiscal year was $163,000.
• So, I just wanted to note that.
• We're looking at the fiscal and economic impact.

Transcript Highlights:

• Please note the clock display, keep track of your time, and wrap up your remarks accordingly.
• Emergencies like these create unexpected fiscal challenges for local officials, and the measure in this
• We're pleased to have worked with the Legislature previously in fiscal year 2024, where we enacted a
• Our refiled bill, therefore, includes a few updated provisions that are worth noting.
• There’s nothing in the operating budget for fiscal 26; that was zeroed out.

Keywords: 995, all

Summary: The hearing focused on Governor Healey and Lt. Gov. Driscoll’s Municipal Empowerment Act, with administration officials and municipal leaders broadly supporting the bill as a package of tools to help cities and towns manage rising costs, staffing shortages, and service demands. The administration highlighted procurement reforms, including raising Chapter 30B advertising thresholds, clarifying cooperative purchasing, and removing the Commbuys notice requirement; permanent authority to amortize emergency-related deficits over three years; expanded authority and enforcement for removing double poles; continued flexibility for hybrid and remote public meetings; regionalization options such as regional boards of assessors and intermunicipal agreements; cybersecurity reporting to EOTSS; and several local revenue options and other municipal finance changes. They said the bill was shaped by listening sessions with municipal officials and was intended to increase flexibility, efficiency, and stability without imposing broad mandates. Committee members asked about regionalization, cybersecurity costs, Commbuys, hybrid meetings, and double poles. Administration witnesses said cybersecurity reporting would help the state target resources and that existing Community Compact and capital grant programs, including IT and municipal fiber funding, could support local needs; they said EOTSS would absorb reporting within existing resources. On procurement, they said the Commbuys notice change would be optional and that other public notice methods would remain available. On hybrid meetings, they emphasized flexibility for different types of boards and the burdens a one-size-fits-all mandate could create for small towns and volunteer boards. On double poles, they said the bill’s main change from last session was to give utilities more time and improve the removal process while keeping enforcement mechanisms aimed at speeding removal rather than raising revenue. The Massachusetts Municipal Association, MAPC, the Pioneer Valley Planning Commission, and multiple mayors and town managers testified in support. They described the bill as a practical modernization measure that would help local governments operate more efficiently and respond to fiscal pressure. Witnesses from Northampton, Lynn, Gardner, Cambridge, Franklin, North Andover, Manchester-by-the-Sea, and Ashland praised the hybrid meeting provisions, procurement changes, regional service-sharing, and emergency deficit amortization. Several also urged adoption of local revenue tools, including meals and lodging tax options and other local fees, as ways to preserve services and staffing. No votes were taken during the hearing.

Transcript Highlights:

• <00:41:39.520> note<00:41:39.760> based<00:41:40.040> on rid of the fiscal note
• based on rid of the fiscal note based on conversation<00:41:40.840> with<00:41:41.160> higher
• <01:50:32.200> note we were able to zero out the fiscal note we were able to zero out the
• We have a zero fiscal note, and we ask for an aye vote on the appropriations committee report. Mr.
• And I had asked for an I fiscal note. And I had asked for an I vote. vote. vote.

Keywords: 981, all

Transcript Highlights:

• The LBB clearly shares this concern, as the bill has a $4.7 million fiscal note.
• by the fiscal note posted.
• by the fiscal note posted.
• I mean, we do have a fiscal note on the bill. It would require some additional personnel.
• I mean, we do have a fiscal note on the bill. It would require some additional personnel.

Summary: The committee heard House Bill 3709, which would change the partial manual audit process so early voting could be audited by voting location rather than by randomly selected precincts. The author and several supporters said the current precinct-based process is antiquated, labor-intensive, and especially difficult in countywide voting systems and large counties. Opponents and some neutral witnesses raised concerns about whether the change would still allow an apples-to-apples audit against official precinct results, whether random selection procedures should be more clearly defined, and how ballot secrecy and mail ballots would be handled. The Secretary of State’s office said counties already use random selection methods and that the bill would largely standardize early voting audits with election-day procedures, while also noting ballot privacy issues can arise in public records requests. After testimony, the bill was left pending. The committee then took up House Bill 766, as substituted, which would require precinct chair applicants to provide an email address, phone number, or both, while making that contact information confidential. Supporters said the change would help parties and local officials contact applicants more efficiently. Opponents argued it could expose personal contact information to public records requests and harassment, and some suggested the information should instead be handled through party rules. The bill was left pending after the committee substitute was withdrawn. House Bill 3775 followed and would set clearer timelines for when early voting ballot boards may begin opening carrier envelopes, with different start times based on county size. Supporters said the bill would address counties opening ballots too early and improve ballot security, while opponents warned it could delay defect notices and cure opportunities for mail voters and create problems in large counties that process high volumes of ballots. Testimony also focused on whether the bill referred to carrier envelopes or secrecy envelopes and on how counties like Harris County currently image and secure ballot materials. The bill was left pending. Finally, the committee heard House Bill 4275, which would require countywide polling systems to have polling places in each election precinct, intended to address uneven distribution of polling locations across county commissioner precincts. Supporters said the bill would make polling place distribution fairer and more consistent, especially in Harris County, while opponents said it would undermine countywide voting, increase costs, require more equipment and staff, and reduce local flexibility. Several witnesses also raised concerns about ballot secrecy and the practical burden on large and rural counties. The bill remained under discussion as testimony continued.