Video & Transcript : 'judiciary appropriations' :

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MA

Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session

Informal House Session 18 Feb 25th, 2026

Massachusetts House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Boston relative to extending until Friday, July 31, 2026, the time within which the Committee on the Judiciary
  • Boston relative to extending until Friday, July 31, 2026, the time within which the Committee on the Judiciary
  • Boston relative to extending until Friday, July 31, 2026, the time within which the Committee on the Judiciary
ID

Idaho 2026 Regular Session

Legislative Session Day 9 Jan 20th, 2026

Idaho Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • The Judiciary and Rules Committee reports that the Senate Journal of the proceedings of January 19th,
  • gubernatorial appointment of Alan Kavanaugh to the Commission of Pardons and Parole will be referred to the Judiciary
  • Tomorrow we do have the State of the Judiciary, so make sure we're here on time and can proceed in a
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Assembly Education Committee Apr 9th, 2025

Education

Transcript Highlights:
  • AB 422 do pass as amended to appropriations. AB 503 do pass as amended to appropriations.
  • AB 606 do pass to appropriations. AB 811 do pass to appropriations.
  • AB 821 do pass to appropriations. AB 962 do pass to the floor. AB 1009 do pass to appropriations.
  • AB 1306 do pass as amended to appropriations. AB 1369 do pass to judiciary.
  • In an appropriate way?
Committee: House Education
HI

Hawaii 2026 Regular Session

House Chamber - Thu Apr 16, 2026, 12:00PM HST - Day 45

Hawaii House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • That's the only way we could do all the work we do for your Judiciary and Hawaiian Affairs Committee.
  • could do all the work we do<00:12:05.560><c> for</c><00:12:05.720><c> your</c><00:12:05.880><c> Judiciary
  • </c><00:12:06.360><c> and</c><00:12:06.440><c> Hawaiian</c> do for your Judiciary and Hawaiian do for
  • your Judiciary and Hawaiian Affairs<00:12:07.040><c> Committee.
  • We're also here to fan girl over our Judiciary chair.
WY

Wyoming 2026 Regular Session

House Floor Session-Day 5, February 13, 2026-PM

Wyoming House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • We have a particular appropriations.
  • The general appropriations bills shall embrace nothing but appropriations for the ordinary expenses of
  • Chairman, thank you. appropriations committee from the last appropriations committee from the last um
  • Been used appropriately.
  • Committee number two, appropriations. appropriations. appropriations.
OK

Oklahoma 2026 Regular Session

Senate Legislative Session Apr 7th, 2026 at 01:30 pm

Oklahoma Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Move adoption at the appropriate time.
  • There are two 47 million dollar appropriations for the regions.
  • It's a little challenging to be appropriating the money without that.
  • Judiciary will still be moving.
  • We'll have judiciary meetings of teen items on the agenda.
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Assembly Floor Session Jan 22nd, 2026

California House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Persons disrupting legislative proceedings are subject to removal, arrest, or other appropriate legal
  • Legislative proceedings are subject to removal, arrest, or other appropriate legal remedies.
  • I will move to withdraw AB 739, Jackson, from the Appropriations Committee and order the bill to the
  • We're going to try and do this expeditiously, given that we have appropriations immediately following
  • The Appropriations Committee meets today, right now, in adjournment swing space room 1100.
NH

New Hampshire 2025 Regular Session

House Criminal Justice and Public Safety (01/15/2025)

Criminal Justice and Public Safety

Transcript Highlights:
  • setting so that they don't appropriate setting so that they don't come<00:22:55.480><c> back</c><00:
  • They screen clients and then find appropriate opportunities for lawyers.
  • appropriate opportunities for lawyers<00:29:38.799><c> it's</c><00:29:39.000><c> not</c><00:29:39.320
  • The work we’ve done in our state with the Chief Justice on the Judiciary side, with specialty courts,
  • uh on the Judiciary side with specialty<00:42:17.160><c> courts</c><00:42:17.520><c> have</c><00:42:
ND

North Dakota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Floor Session Apr 10th, 2025 at 12:30 pm

North Dakota Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Last session there was $2 million appropriated for that purpose.
  • If you go to page 5 on line 1, we'd just be amending out the appropriation for... ...the appropriation
  • So this particular ask is for them going over the original appropriation.
  • and added to the appropriate budgets of DOCR and indigent defense.
  • President, your Judiciary Committee voted unanimously, and the Appropriations Committee voted 14-2 for
Summary: The Senate opened with prayer, the Pledge of Allegiance, and a quorum call, then approved journal corrections and moved to elect Senator Kyle Davison as President Pro Tem. Davison was nominated, elected by unanimous ballot, escorted to the rostrum, sworn in, and gave remarks thanking his family, colleagues, and faith, emphasizing relationships, service, and stewardship. The chamber also recognized National Public Health Week with a floor statement honoring public health workers and training programs, and that statement was ordered printed in the journal. The Senate then considered several House bills, beginning with HB 1485, which increases the personal needs allowance for Medicaid residents in certain facilities by $15 per month and indexes it to inflation; the amendment was adopted and the bill passed 46-1. HB 1018, the State Historical Society budget, was amended to adjust one-time and ongoing funding for museum exhibits, repatriation compliance, archives storage, local historic grants, and the military gallery project, then passed 42-0 with one senator excused from voting due to a conflict. HB 1181, defining gender in state code as an individual’s sex and removing a broader application section, passed 41-6. HB 1144, adding a penalty and enforcement mechanism related to transgender student accommodations and restroom use in public schools, passed 40-7 with its emergency clause. The Senate also passed HB 1600, creating an immigration law clinic at the University of North Dakota School of Law and shifting its funding to the strategic investment and improvements fund, by 34-13. HB 1019, the Parks and Recreation budget, was amended to fund deferred maintenance, technology, sewer work, matching grants, and other park projects, add language requiring legislative approval for new or renamed state parks, and clarify use of the Teddy Roosevelt Presidential Library line of credit; a proposed amendment to remove funding for the International Peace Gardens cactus conservatory failed 20-27, and the bill then passed 39-8. HB 1417, dealing with parole/probation violations, court fees, and a study of criminal justice fees, passed 40-7 after amendments. The most extensive debate centered on HB 1450, which would require parent or guardian access to a minor’s medical exam room and notice of questions asked of the minor, with exceptions for emancipation and suspected abuse or trafficking. Supporters framed it as a parental rights and transparency measure, while opponents warned it could hinder screening for abuse, neglect, mental health concerns, and confidential care; multiple senators shared personal experiences on both sides. A proposed amendment to narrow the bill failed 21-26, and the transcript ends amid continued debate on the bill itself, with no final vote shown in the excerpt.
NM

New Mexico 2026 Regular Session

House - Health and Human Services Feb 9th, 2026 at 08:38 am

House Health & Human Services

Transcript Highlights:
  • ... ...carries the appropriate insurance.
  • Madam Chair, it goes to Judiciary next. Okay, thank you.
  • It would be appropriate to include it. I don't know...
  • It would not be log rolling; it would be appropriate to include it.
  • First, do you have this in the budget, this appropriation?
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Assembly Agriculture Committee Mar 26th, 2025

Transcript Highlights:
  • On AB 1142, the motion is due pass to Appropriations.
  • On AB 928, Rogers, motion is do pass to Judiciary Committee. Soria: Aye. Alanis: Aye.
  • There is a motion on the bill, and it's do pass to Appropriations.
  • The bill and it's do pass to Appropriations.
  • And there is a motion and a second with a recommendation of due pass to Appropriations.
Summary: The Assembly Agriculture Committee met as a subcommittee at first because a quorum was not yet present, then adopted its committee rules for the 2025-2026 legislative session by a 5-0 vote. The committee heard a series of agriculture-related bills, with most measures receiving broad support and moving forward. AB 1142 by Assemblymember Hoover would raise the fee thresholds for small public horse events that are exempt from equine medication monitoring rules; supporters said the current limits are outdated and hurt small riding clubs, and the bill passed to Appropriations. AB 411 by Assemblymember Papin would allow ranchers to compost livestock carcasses on-farm; supporters cited cost, environmental, and predator-control benefits, while rendering industry representatives asked for amendments to protect existing services and limit the bill’s scope. The bill passed to Natural Resources. AB 482 by Assemblymember Solache would modernize the California Table Grape Commission law and raise assessment caps without increasing assessments themselves; it passed to Appropriations. AB 312 by Vice Chair Alanis would shorten the holding period for ag theft property from six months to three months; it also passed to Appropriations. The committee also heard AB 937 and AB 947 by Assemblymember Connolly. AB 937 would make technical changes to the Organic Transition Pilot Program to improve access to organic transition support, with testimony from a farmer who said the program helped him pursue organic certification; the bill passed to Appropriations. AB 947 would expand and refine technical assistance under the Healthy Soils/Climate Smart Agriculture programs, including training, grant writing, matching funds coordination, equipment sharing, and outcome monitoring; supporters said the changes would help small and organic producers access state climate programs, and it also passed to Appropriations. AB 1486, presented by the chair, would use Proposition 4 funding to start grants for public postsecondary agricultural research farms focused on climate resiliency; members praised the role of CSU and UC research farms, and the bill passed to Natural Resources as amended. The most extensive discussion centered on AB 928 by Assemblymember Rogers, the California Cockfighting Cruelty Act. Supporters argued the bill would help law enforcement target cockfighting and rooster trafficking, reduce avian disease risks, and protect public health and animal welfare; opponents, including poultry hobbyists, breeders, and 4-H-related participants, said it would overreach into lawful poultry keeping and harm heritage-breed and youth programs, urging instead that cockfighting penalties be increased to a felony. Committee members echoed concerns about unintended impacts on legitimate poultry owners and requested continued work on exemptions and language. The bill passed to Judiciary on a 5-2-1 vote, with one no vote and one abstention, and the chair noted that further committee review would continue as the bill advances.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Rep. Brad Tabke Press Conference 3/17/26

Transcript Highlights:
  • And then we'll talk about the bill that we have in judiciary at 10:15 this morning to help curb these
  • And then we'll talk about the bill that we have in judiciary at 10:15 this morning to help curb these
  • And then we'll talk about the bill that we have in judiciary at 10:15 this morning to help curb these
  • And then we'll talk about the bill that we have in judiciary at 10:15 this morning to help curb these
  • And so I'm hoping that that gets us through judiciary committee today at 10:15, and I think that we have
Summary: At a morning press conference, lawmakers and advocates discussed a bill by Rep. Tabke aimed at tightening Minnesota’s automatic license plate reader (ALPR) laws. Speakers argued that license plate data is being misused, especially in connection with immigration enforcement and “Operation Metro Surge,” and said motorists expect privacy for the personal information tied to their plates. Several individuals described incidents in which they believed federal agents used ALPR data to identify their homes, photograph their houses, or otherwise intimidate them after they had observed ICE activity. John Beler of the ACLU of Minnesota said ALPR systems capture plate numbers, time, date, and location, and that private vendors and out-of-state agencies can access the data with little oversight. He cited public records showing large numbers of searches, including one metro agency with about 425,000 searches in six weeks and another with nearly 100 searches explicitly for civil immigration enforcement. He said the bill would prohibit sharing ALPR data outside Minnesota unless authorized by a court order or judicial warrant, require data-sharing agreements among agencies, require signage for private ALPR use, and bar sale or transfer of the data without consent or legal process. In response to questions, speakers said the bill is intended to regulate local law enforcement and private vendors rather than federal agencies directly, by limiting how data is shared and accessed. They compared the issue to prior bipartisan concerns about driver’s license lookups and said they hoped the measure would advance out of judiciary later that morning and then to public safety, though they said they could not guarantee support or passage.
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Assembly Floor Session Jul 3rd, 2025

California House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Persons disrupting legislative proceedings are subject to removal, arrest, or other appropriate legal
  • request unanimous consent to re-refer the following bills to committee: SB 355 (Perez) from the Judiciary
  • Committee to the Appropriations Committee, and SB 685 (Cortese) from the Education Committee to the
  • Appropriations Committee.
  • My father got to go to Elections Committee and Appropriations. He walked with me to the floor.
Summary: The Assembly convened on June 4, 2025, first addressing a quorum call before proceeding with the day’s business. Members handled several procedural motions, including a failed attempt to withdraw AJR 4 for immediate consideration, approval of requests to notice bills pending re-referral, and a successful motion to withdraw SB 119 from Budget and Fiscal Review and place it on third reading. The chamber also rescinded prior action on SB 47, re-referred SB 355 and SB 685 to Appropriations, and authorized notice for a Housing and Community Development hearing on SB 522. On the floor, the Assembly concurred in Senate amendments to AB 369, a measure on emergency services that increases access to life-saving medication for people with seizure disorders, by a unanimous vote. Members then took up AB 1138, the major film and television tax credit measure, with extensive support from the author and other members who described the bill as a response to California’s declining production and job losses; the bill’s urgency clause and Senate amendments were concurred in, and it was sent immediately to the Governor. The Assembly also concurred in Senate amendments to AB 313 on student financial aid. The body adopted SJR 2, which urges Congress to protect the rights of classified school employees, after debate emphasizing the importance of paraeducators, bus drivers, custodians, clerical workers, and food service staff. The Assembly then adopted the second-day consent calendar, including SCR 25 on nuclear fusion and several other Senate concurrent resolutions, and added coauthors to SCR 74 on Flag Day. The session concluded with announcements, birthday acknowledgments, and adjournment until Monday, July 7 at 1 p.m.
HI

Hawaii 2025 Regular Session

JDC DEFER, JDC Public Hearings 03-25-2025

Judiciary

Transcript Highlights:
  • All right, welcome everyone to the Judiciary Committee DM decision-making. We have two agendas.
  • convicted of violating the excessive speeding statute to be ordered by the court to report to the appropriate
  • convicted of violating the excessive speeding statute to be ordered by the court to report to the appropriate
  • ><00:02:11.760><c> report</c><00:02:11.920><c> to</c><00:02:12.080><c> the</c><00:02:12.239><c> appropriate
  • </c> court to report to the appropriate court to report to the appropriate police<00:02:13.520><c> department
Committee: Senate Judiciary
Summary: The Judiciary Committee met to take up several House bills and adopted recommendations on a number of them. HB 111, which would authorize civil claims against persons or businesses profiting from sexual exploitation or sex trafficking and extend the civil statute of limitations to 10 years, was recommended to pass unamended after discussion with the Attorney General’s office. HB 54, increasing penalties for repeated excessive speeding offenses, was recommended to pass with the Attorney General’s first suggested amendment requiring identification processing, including fingerprinting and photographing, for convicted violators unless already done. HB 70, dealing with condominium budget summaries and reserve requirements, was recommended to pass as amended, and HB 320, allowing supported decision-making agreements for qualified adults including those with disabilities, mental illness, or age 65 and older, was also recommended to pass as amended. These recommendations were adopted without objection, though some members noted reservations on HB 54 and HB 70. HB 239, which would clarify that inability to provide certain needs to a child due solely to lack of financial resources does not constitute abuse or neglect, was deferred to Thursday, April 3, at 10:00 a.m. HB 359, concerning covered offender registration and a proposed exemption related to sexual assault in the fourth degree, was recommended to pass with amendments deleting section 2 after concerns that the current statute already covers the issue and that the added language would create a title problem by addressing two topics. The committee adopted that recommendation. HB 412, establishing presumptions and expanding lobbying-related definitions for certain communications with government officials, was recommended to pass with an added clarification excluding purely informational, ceremonial, or routine relationship-building communications from the presumption; that recommendation was also adopted. HB 472, which would allow digitized identification cards to be accepted as valid identification and authorize law enforcement agencies to accept them under certain circumstances, was not decided. After a recess, the chair announced that everything after HB 412 would be deferred to Thursday, the 27th, at 10:30 p.m. in room 016, and the remaining items were postponed.
HI
Transcript Highlights:
  • but it actually does because it just sends a message that I, as a director, am responsible for my judiciary
  • but it actually does because it just sends a message that I, as a director, am responsible for my judiciary
  • for</c><00:08:52.320><c> my</c> director, am responsible for my director, am responsible for my judiciary
  • 54.000><c> for</c><00:08:54.160><c> my</c><00:08:54.399><c> actions,</c><00:08:55.279><c> for</c> judiciary
  • duty, for my actions, for judiciary duty, for my actions, for making<00:08:56.000><c> sure</c><00:08
Summary: The committee heard testimony on SB 2294, which would require condominium associations, boards, and managing agents to comply with declarations, bylaws, county ordinances, and state and federal laws, including mortgage lending requirements. The Community Associations Institute opposed the bill as redundant, arguing existing law already requires compliance and provides penalties. Supporters, including condominium owners and board members, said the measure would clarify that associations are not “self-governing” in a way that exempts them from outside laws, and cited examples where local officials or police told residents to take issues back to their boards. Several supporters said the bill would reinforce board responsibility for permits, safety, and legal compliance. The committee noted 27 pieces of testimony, with 10 in support and 17 in opposition, and then moved on without taking a vote on the measure in the transcript provided. The committee also took up SB 2298, which would require common interest community proxy forms to include additional language explaining proxy selection options. The Community Associations Institute opposed the bill, saying the proposed language was inaccurate and would not improve consumer clarity unless significantly revised. Supporters argued that proxy forms are confusing and that clearer instructions would help homeowners understand how their votes are being used. Opponents said the added language would make the forms longer and more confusing, and suggested a separate instruction sheet or other educational material instead. Testimony also raised broader concerns about proxy voting being misused in some associations, with one witness urging that proxy voting be eliminated altogether. The committee reported 29 written testimonies, including seven in support, 19 in opposition, and three with comments, and again did not record a final vote in the excerpt. For SB 2300, which would shorten condominium reserve cash-flow projections from 30 years to 25 years, the Community Associations Institute opposed the bill, saying it would not make housing more affordable, would reduce transparency, and would increase the annual burden by giving associations less time to save for long-life components. The group suggested that if affordability is the goal, lawmakers should consider allowing future loans or special assessments with guardrails. Supporters of the bill said the shorter projection period would better reflect practical budgeting and help associations plan more realistically, though some supporters also warned against relying too heavily on loans and emphasized accountability and fiduciary responsibility. Other testimony stressed that the impact of changing the projection period would vary by association and that many owners are already struggling with rising fees. The discussion remained focused on testimony and policy concerns, with no final action on SB 2300 shown in the transcript.
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Assembly Judiciary Committee Apr 8th, 2025

Judiciary

Transcript Highlights:
  • That includes AB 91, Harabedian, to appropriations; AB 243, Arreguín, to appropriations; AB 365, Chiu
  • AB 515, Pacheco, to appropriations; AB 521, Carrillo, to appropriations; AB 559, Berman, to appropriations
  • ; AB 621, Barracahan, as amended, to appropriations; AB 824, Stephanie, to appropriations; AB 859, Massibo
  • Motion is due pass to Appropriations. Motion is due pass to Appropriations. Kalra, no. Dixon, aye.
  • Motion is do pass to Appropriations.
Committee: House Judiciary
Summary: The committee first heard AB 2, which would impose enhanced financial penalties on large social media companies when negligence proven in court causes harm to children and teens. The author and supporters, including Common Sense Media and education and child advocacy groups, argued that social media algorithms and design features amplify harmful content and that existing remedies are not enough to deter misconduct. Opponents from TechNet, CCIA, the Chamber of Commerce, EFF, and others warned the bill was vague, could chill content moderation and encryption, invite litigation, and be preempted by Section 230. Several members raised concerns about defining “harm,” but the bill passed on a roll call vote and was sent onward. The committee then took up AB 282, which would allow landlords and housing providers to establish preferences for tenants who use housing vouchers or other rental assistance, clarifying that such preferences are not unlawful source-of-income discrimination. Supporters from housing authorities, local governments, AARP, legal aid groups, and housing nonprofits said the bill would help voucher holders find units and improve voucher utilization. There was no opposition testimony, and the bill passed with a roll call vote and was sent to Appropriations. Next was AB 882, dealing with court reporter availability and the use of electronic recording in certain cases when an official court reporter is unavailable. The author and supporters, including court reporter and labor representatives, said the bill is a temporary, narrowly tailored response to a shortage while preserving accurate records. Opponents from consumer attorneys, defense counsel, the Judicial Council, and others argued the bill was too narrow, could harm access to justice, and should be expanded or revised. Members from both parties expressed mixed views but generally supported continuing the conversation; the bill passed and was placed on call. The committee also heard AB 325 on algorithmic price fixing, which would update antitrust law to address collusion through pricing software and digital tools. Supporters said the bill targets modern forms of cartel behavior and closes loopholes that let companies coordinate prices through algorithms. Opponents from the Chamber of Commerce, Civil Justice Association, TechNet, retailers, hospitals, and others argued the conduct is already illegal, the bill is overbroad, and its definitions and burden-shifting provisions need work. Members requested clarifications to key definitions and pleading standards, but the bill passed as amended and was placed on call. The committee then briefly heard AB 935, which would strengthen civil rights data collection and transparency, especially for educational settings; it had no opposition, passed, and was placed on call. Finally, AB 67 was presented to let the Attorney General enforce the Reproductive Privacy Act and seek penalties against local governments that interfere with abortion access. Supporters framed it as an enforcement tool to protect reproductive rights, while opponents from California Family Council and others denounced it as expanding state power to protect abortion access; the transcript cuts off during that item.
NM

New Mexico 2026 Regular Session

Senate Chamber Feb 6th, 2026 at 11:27 am

New Mexico Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Seeing no objection, I think that would be most appropriate, Senator. That's a beautiful tie.
  • And the question I would have being an appropriator is, why in the world wouldn't that happen that way
  • Assigned committee, refer it to the committee’s committee and other appropriate committees, and change
  • Appropriation-type bills. So I think we’ll be able to get through.
  • The Senate Judiciary Committee will be meeting this afternoon at 5 p.m. It will be four bills.
MA

Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Session Jun 21st, 2026 at 11:00 am

Massachusetts Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • , where extraordinary valor was common virtue, and recommending that said day be observed in an appropriate
  • The matter will be referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.
Summary: The Senate convened on February 19, 2006, with a Pledge of Allegiance and remarks noting the Commonwealth’s observance of Iwo Jima Day. The chamber also adopted a congratulatory resolution for Elizabeth Beth Renaud on her retirement from public service to the city of Salem. Members then acted on several local and procedural matters. House Bill 4272, authorizing Hudson to grant one additional off-premises wine and malt beverages license, was ordered to a third reading and then passed to be engrossed. The Senate also adopted orders extending committee reporting deadlines for the Environment and Natural Resources and Agriculture Committee and the Transportation Committee, and suspended Joint Rule 12 to refer several House petitions to committees. Later, the Senate passed to enact House Bills 3977 and 4438, concerning alternate members for Beckett’s Conservation Commission and a fall annual town meeting in Swampscott. The chamber also adopted an order placing House Bill 4769, the “build resilient infrastructure to generate higher-ed transformation” bill, on the Orders of the Day for immediate second reading with Ways and Means text as the amendment. Another petition, filed by Senator Brownsberger and others regarding violations of the U.S. Constitution under cover of law, was referred to the Judiciary Committee after suspension of the necessary rules. The Senate concluded with an order to adjourn until the following Monday at 11 a.m. and a motion to adjourn in memory of Phyllis Chapman of Hingham, followed by a moment of silence. The motion prevailed and the Senate adjourned in her memory.
OK

Oklahoma 2026 Regular Session

Transportation Feb 18th, 2026 at 10:30 am

Transportation

Transcript Highlights:
  • There's no fiscal impact on appropriations. Good pass. Representative Tedford, I have a question.
  • forward to the centennial with the idea of making sure that we're being, that we're actually using judiciary
Bills: HB3443 , HB2123 , HB3757 , HB2445
NM

New Mexico 2026 Regular Session

House - Energy, Environment and Natural Resources Jan 29th, 2026 at 08:32 am

House Energy, Environment & Natural Resources

Transcript Highlights:
  • I know that conflicts with Judiciary; it might conflict with other committees.
  • very concerned about the interpretation of the language, the role of the legislature versus the judiciary
  • would have to determine, or your attorneys would have to determine whether or not there was an appropriate
  • But it's hard to just vary. not there was an appropriate constitutional challenge brought to bear.
  • I believe in its essence, this is a transfer of authority from the legislature to the judiciary.