Video & Transcript Research : 'LED'
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TX
Texas 89th 1st C.S.
Press Conference: Special Session Jul 31st, 2025 at 10:07 am
Transcript Highlights:
- people of this great state, along with such distinguished leaders in the state legislature, of course, led
- by Leader Wu and In the state legislature, of course, led by Leader Wu and Leader Romero and all of
- And led by the people standing behind me, there is an ability for the people of Texas to make their voices
- current map violates the Voting Rights Act because it is undermining the ability of communities of color led
Keywords:
redistricting, gerrymandering, Texas Democrats, voter suppression, Hakeem Jeffries, equitable representation, minority communities, legislative session, political motivations
Summary:
Texas Democratic leaders and members of Congress held a press event in Austin with House Democratic Leader Hakeem Jeffries to denounce the Republican-led special session and proposed congressional redistricting map. Speakers, including Lizzie Fletcher, Lloyd Doggett, Al Green, Joaquin Castro, Sylvia Garcia, and Greg Casar, argued that the session should instead focus on flood recovery after the Hill Country Independence Day floods, affordability, health care, the energy grid, and other state priorities. They said the new map was a partisan and racially discriminatory gerrymander designed to help Donald Trump and Texas Republicans gain seats, weaken minority voting power, and undermine free and fair elections.
Several speakers said the current Texas map is already under legal challenge and claimed the proposed changes would further reduce the ability of Black and Latino communities to elect candidates of choice. They also tied the redistricting fight to broader national issues such as Medicaid, Social Security, tariffs, housing costs, and corruption. Jeffries said Texas Democrats would not “bend the knee” and pledged support for their efforts, while emphasizing that the fight would continue politically, in court, and through public organizing.
In the question-and-answer portion, Jeffries said all options should be on the table to protect Texans, but that Texas Democrats would decide their own strategy. Fletcher said the immediate priority was informing the public about the rushed process, noting that many Texans testified before seeing a map and that the hearings were moving quickly. No formal vote or legislative action occurred at the event itself.
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Press Conference: Republican and DFL Media Availability 032025 Mar 20th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- The nature of the charges is what led to calls for immediate resignation.
- So, the nature of the charges<00:04:06.159>
is <00:04:06.480>what <00:04:06.640>led< - /c><00:04:06.959>
for <00:04:07.200>calls <00:04:07.519>for charges is what led - for calls for charges is what led for calls for immediate<00:04:08.120>
resignation, <00:04:09.120
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Joint Convention of the California Legislature State of the Judiciary Mar 18th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- We're going to be led in prayer this morning by the Assistant Majority Leader, Senator Ashby, after which
- we're going to ask each of you to please remain standing for the Pledge of Allegiance, which will be led
- Since then, I appointed a task force led by a In a deliberative fashion.
- Since then, I appointed a task force led by Administrative Presiding Justice Brad Hill, who will continue
Summary:
The California Legislature met in joint convention for the annual State of the Judiciary address, with judges and justices from across the state in attendance along with Governor Newsom and other statewide officials. The opening included prayer and the Pledge of Allegiance, followed by the formal introduction of Chief Justice Patricia Guerrero and the California Supreme Court justices. Speakers emphasized the importance of judicial independence, the courts’ role in protecting rights and democracy, and the value of collaboration between the legislative and judicial branches.
Chief Justice Guerrero focused on the state of the judicial branch, beginning with budget pressures from prior cuts and noting partial restoration in the governor’s proposed budget, while urging continued stable funding for courts, court-appointed counsel, and judgeships in high-need counties. She highlighted the expansion and benefits of remote proceedings, ongoing judicial vacancies, workload growth, and efforts to improve data collection and case-weighting. She also discussed implementation of the CARE Act, the court interpreter workforce pilot, CASA and kin-first child welfare efforts, courthouse security and facilities projects, and the judiciary’s work on generative AI guardrails.
A major portion of the address addressed the recent problems with the California bar exam and broader State Bar oversight. Guerrero said the court would pursue remedies for examinees harmed by the failures and would strengthen admissions oversight, including the role of the Committee of Bar Examiners. She also reiterated support for pro bono legal services and discussed immigration-related courthouse access, citing state laws limiting cooperation with federal immigration enforcement in courthouses. The convention concluded after remarks thanking the judiciary and Legislature, and the joint session adjourned without any recorded votes or formal legislative action.
HI
Transcript Highlights:
- They're here on a field trip to visit Iolani Palace, and they're led by Mrs. C. Hanohano.
- with uh to visit yolani Palace<00:01:25.079>
and <00:01:25.200>they're <00:01:25.360>led - c><00:01:25.840>
Mrs <00:01:26.680>C <00:01:27.280>hanohano Palace and they're led - by Mrs C hanohano Palace and they're led by Mrs C hanohano welcome thank<00:01:33.360>
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US
US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session
US House Floor Proceedings (Tuesday, December 2, 2025)
US Federal House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- Led by Pastor Matt De in my district.
- She led with love and light.
- She led with love and light. good. She led with love and light.
- <02:33:14.640>
by the Dump Red Tape Act, is led by the Dump Red Tape Act, is led by Representative - <02:33:42.399>
by excuse me, 4312, the SCORE act, led by excuse me, 4312, the SCORE act, led
LA
Louisiana 2026 Regular Session
House of Representatives Mar 18th, 2026
Louisiana House Floor Meeting
Bills:
HR42, HR43, HR44, HR45, HCR22, HCR23, HCR24, HCR25, HCR26, HCR27, HCR28, HCR29, HCR30, HB894, HB983, HB984, HR39, HR40, HR41, HCR19, HCR20, HCR21, HB2, HB3, HB15, HB441, HB976, HB977, HB978, HB979, HB980, HB981, HB982, HB129, HB130, HB287, HB489, HB521, HB545, HB553, HB555, HB570, HB670, HB672, HB797, HB854, HB952, HB207, HB300, HB331, HB428, HB464, HB587, HB618, HB629, HB801, HB853, HB891, HB474, HB487, HB503, HB606, HB633, HB707, HB720, HB728, HB733, HB846, HB852, HB856, HB868, HB875, HB112, HB657, HB221, HB149, HB901, HB148, HB354
Keywords:
women, chemistry industry, Louisiana, recognition, workforce, commendation, leadership, faith, community service, Bishop Weidner, log truck drivers, transportation safety, log industry, pastor, Church of Pentecost, forestry, tree farming, W.H. Ward Properties, community support, Louisiana Forestry Association
MN
Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session
House Human Services Finance and Policy Committee 3/5/25
Human Services Finance and Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- The Child Safety and Permanency Administration is led by Assistant Commissioner Rebecca St.
- Slide 12 is our Early Childhood Administration, which is led by Assistant Commissioner Diane Hy.
- The Child Safety and Permanency Administration is led by Assistant Commissioner Rebecca St.
- Slide 12 is our Early Childhood Administration, which is led by Assistant Commissioner Diane Hy.
- Slide 12 is our Early Childhood Administration, which is led by Assistant Commissioner Diane Hy.
US
US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session
US House Floor Proceedings (Wednesday, May 21, 2025 - Part 1)
US Federal House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- <00:23:08.320>
the reasons why California has led the reasons why California has led the nation - Winterstein prioritized students, led Winterstein prioritized students, led the<00:35:28.720>
- As a sergeant, he led Sheriff's Office.
- His creative genius led the firm for 60 years. Mr.
- genius led the firm for 60 years.<02:08:02.400>
Mr.
MA
Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session
Senate Session (Full Formal with Calendar) Jun 21st, 2026 at 11:00 am
Massachusetts Senate Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- and a cherished colleague of all of us in this chamber, Senator Pat Jehlen from Somerville, and co-led
- by my colleague from Weymouth, Senator Patricia Jehlen from Somerville, and co-led by my colleague from
- on the same day that we're considering the I.M. bill, which just was enacted and adopted favorably, led
- When the COVID-19 pandemic led to cost pressures threatening the project, he fought tirelessly. 2019
- pandemic led to cost pressures threatening the project.
Summary:
The Senate opened with the Pledge of Allegiance and then took up several bills and procedural matters. It adopted an emergency preamble and passed to be enacted a sick leave bank for Anisee Contreras of the Trial Court, and it also passed a bill reauthorizing the town of Swansea to issue additional on-premises liquor licenses. The chamber ordered several other bills to third reading, including a Wellesley bill on police and fire residency limits and a House bill on Commonwealth bond terms, along with multiple calendar items that were advanced without debate.
The Senate then considered and passed the bill increasing access to disposable menstrual products in prisons, homeless shelters, and public schools. Senators Comerford and O'Connor spoke in strong support, describing the measure as a continuation of prior Senate action and a response to period poverty, with O'Connor highlighting community efforts by Free Period and related funding support. The bill was amended, ordered to a third reading, and passed to be engrossed by a unanimous roll call. The Senate also passed a bill on menstrual product ingredient disclosure after adopting a Ways and Means amendment; Comerford said the measure would require manufacturers to disclose ingredients and chemicals, citing concerns about PFAS and other harmful substances. That bill also passed to be engrossed by roll call.
The chamber next took up a major public safety bill strengthening the move-over law. Senator Tarr described the bill as expanding protections to utility workers and disabled vehicles and adding escalating penalties, while Senator Feeney emphasized the dangers faced by workers on roadways and the need to protect them. Several proposed amendments were considered: one on municipally owned utility vehicles was adopted, while amendments on interior lights during stops, higher penalties, non-surchargeability, green lights for municipal emergency management vehicles, and public access to driving records were rejected or withdrawn. The amended bill was then ordered to a third reading and passed to be engrossed by a 39-0 roll call.
The Senate also paused to honor the late Senator Edward J. Kennedy of Lowell, adopting a motion to adjourn in his memory after a tribute to his public service and community advocacy. Earlier, the chamber recognized a guest, Rocco LaGrasso, during Italian-American Heritage Month. The session ended with the Senate adjourning to meet again the following Monday at 11 a.m.
FL
Transcript Highlights:
- Please stand for the Pledge of Allegiance led by Senator Bernard.
- So what's led to this rapid expansion? It's been an investment in agriculture.
- previous examples, so if you look at the automation of tomato production in California, automation led
- previous examples, so if you look at the automation of tomato production in California, automation led
- So what led you to reducing your population to where you're at today? Great question.
Summary:
The Committee on Agriculture convened, took roll, and heard Senate Bill 58 by Senator Harrow, which would create regulation for companion animal cremation. Harrow described a case involving mishandled pet remains and said the bill would require written service descriptions, prohibit false or misleading statements, require certification with returned remains, authorize Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services rulemaking, and impose civil penalties for violations. With no questions or public opposition, the committee voted the bill favorably.
The committee then heard presentations on robotics in agriculture and aquaculture. Dr. Nathan Boyd of UF/IFAS discussed the rapid growth of agricultural robotics, including AI-driven weed detection, targeted spraying, autonomous tractors, and harvesting technology, emphasizing reduced pesticide use, lower input costs, and labor-saving automation. Dr. Nicole Kirchoff of Live Advantage Bait and Adrian Johnson of the Florida Shellfish Aquaculture Association highlighted aquaculture’s economic and environmental value, Florida’s strong position in the industry, and challenges including hurricane losses, lack of insurance, land-use instability, capital access, and water quality. They urged support for working waterfronts, risk mitigation, and policies to help the sector commercialize and expand.
The committee also heard from dairy producers Kevin Lusher and Jacob Larson. Lusher described his family’s dairy and artisan cheese business, noting reliance on USDA grants, rising costs, labor shortages, and regulatory burdens, and asked for more grant support, marketing for Fresh From Florida products, and permanent funding for Farmers Feeding Florida. Larson discussed the broader dairy market, declining herd sizes due to efficiency gains, high production costs in Florida, and competition from out-of-state processing, suggesting incentives for local processing and supply management. Finally, FDOT Chief Planner Wayway Schen presented on arterial and local road funding programs, including ART, ARTW, SCOP, SCRAP, CIGP, and TRIP, and said rural road needs remain significant, with more than $16 billion in unfunded or partially funded project needs. The committee adjourned after brief discussion and thanks to the presenters.
NM
New Mexico 2025 Regular Session
IC - Legislative Finance Dec 9th, 2025 at 08:40 am
Transcript Highlights:
- But the CCBHC expansion has really been led by the healthcare authority.
- The SB3 is being led by the regions. Being led by the regions, it's a very different kind of thing.
- And so we are sort of part of that process, but the CCBHC initiative is really being led by our agency
- Most of those requirements were not met with full transparency, which led to remedial order number two
- And so this Workforce Strikeforce team, led by Brenda Donald—and I can call her up here if you'd like
MN
Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session
House DFL Press Conference 5/6/25
Transcript Highlights:
- Uh, Representative Greenman has led on that. saw a couple weeks ago, it's attack on saw a couple weeks
- Uh represent Greenman<00:05:24.560>
has <00:05:24.720>led <00:05:24.880>on <00:05 - And it will be a House-led bill, not a governor bill. Thank you.
- Those were not led by the GOP. They could have been, but they weren't.
- Those were not led by the GOP. senate. Those were not led by the GOP.
KY
Kentucky 2025 Regular Session
Information Technology Oversight Committee (11-12-25)
Transcript Highlights:
- And if I may add, as an aside, the Commonwealth of Kentucky has historically led the way in cloud-based
- And if I may add, as an aside, the Commonwealth of Kentucky has historically led the way in cloud-based
- And if I may add, as an aside, the Commonwealth of Kentucky has historically led the way in cloud-based
- And if I may add, as an aside, the Commonwealth of Kentucky has historically led the way in cloud-based
- And if I may add, as an aside, the Commonwealth of Kentucky has historically led the way in cloud-based
Summary:
The committee heard testimony from Michael McCurley, president of Zo Education and a senior vice president with Zo Group, about the company’s role in providing broadband and managed network services to Kentucky schools. He said Zo Education serves all Kentucky K-12 public school districts in partnership with the Kentucky Department of Education, offering more bandwidth at lower cost than the prior provider and also providing cybersecurity and network protection. He emphasized that reliable connectivity is essential for instruction, testing, remote coursework, and school administration.
McCurley also addressed the ongoing contract dispute involving the Kentucky Communications Network Authority and Open Fiber Silicom, saying Zo Education is not a party to the litigation but is concerned about possible disruption to schools and students. In response to committee questions, he said the company incurred unexpected costs when it had to reroute connections and build alternate network paths, including one school move that cost more than $50,000 to serve a site generating under $2,000 per month. He said outages and incidents are more frequent when Kentucky Wired access is unavailable, and that Zo could not have bid at its current price without access to Kentucky Wired.
Committee members discussed the broader implications of the dispute and the state’s broadband structure. Senator Williams said the committee’s priority is avoiding disruption to students and noted concerns about infrastructure purchases and upgrades tied to the network, saying he had not seen clear contractual support for some of the expenditures. He also referenced a future audit and said the committee should preserve options and taxpayer funds. The committee then reviewed its report to LRC, including changes related to infrastructure purchases and water asset management technology, and agreed to submit the report without a committee vote. The chair announced the next meeting would be in January, with no December meeting scheduled, and the committee adjourned.
US
US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session
Hearings to examine the nominations of Jonathan Gould, of Virginia, to be Comptroller of the Currency for a term of five years, Luke Pettit, of the District of Columbia, to be an Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, Paul Atkins, of Virginia, to be Mar 27th, 2025 at 09:00 am
Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Comptroller and Chief Counsel, where he led the Law and Licensing Departments, played a significant role
- Since 2017, I've led industry efforts to develop best practices for the digital asset industry.
- I led the OCC's efforts to implement one of this committee's most significant pieces of recent banking
- I think in some respects, we led certain consumers to the slaughter as a result of our inaction.
- That the big problem was overregulation that led to the 2008 financial crisis?
Keywords:
financial regulations, SEC, Comptroller of the Currency, Federal Transit Administration, nominees, Empowering Main Street in America Act, capital formation, economic growth
Summary:
The committee meeting focused on several nominees within key financial institutions, including discussions surrounding the SEC, the Federal Transit Administration, and the Comptroller of the Currency. Notable dialogue included concerns over regulatory balance, with various members emphasizing a need to streamline regulations to foster innovation while ensuring accountability and safety for investors. The importance of the proposed 'Empowering Main Street in America Act' was highlighted as a means to facilitate access to capital for small businesses, underlining the current administration's approach towards financial regulations.
US
US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session
Hearings to examine children's safety in the digital era, focusing on strengthening protections and addressing legal gaps. Feb 19th, 2025 at 09:15 am
Senate Judiciary
Transcript Highlights:
- It has also led to a rise in sexual exploitation. as some algorithms have actually connected victims
- Senators Cruz and Klobuchar led the Take It Down Act and it's already passed the Senate.
- a national manhunt, BandLab refused to provide law enforcement with key information that could have led
- the demonstration of their lying to the public about the safety of their product, for example, really led
- would say the public has learned a lot of the information about big tech, for example, that I believe led
Summary:
The committee meeting focused on the pressing issues surrounding child safety online, with a particular emphasis on recent legislative efforts aimed at curbing child sexual exploitation and harmful content accessible through social media platforms. Senators engaged in a heated discussion regarding the implications of Big Tech's lobbying efforts against vital bills such as the Stop CSAM Act and the Kids Online Safety Act. Noteworthy testimonies highlighted real-life impacts of online dangers, including tragic cases of child exploitation and drug-related fatalities linked to social media interactions. The bipartisan nature of the committee's commitment to address these issues showcased a collective determination to make the digital environment safer for the younger generation.
NM
Transcript Highlights:
- I'd like to ask everyone to please rise for the invocation to be led today by Cantor Cindy Friedman of
- The Pledge of Allegiance will be led today by Senator Thornton.
- The Pledge of Allegiance in Español will be led today by Senator Jaramillo.
- And the salute to the New Mexico flag will be led today by President Pro Tem Stewart.
- Wood has led and supported materials qualification efforts and stockpile-related projects, resulting
MD
Transcript Highlights:
- Those of us who have worked closely with Senator X know he has led by example. He listens first.
- Senator X knows he has led by example. Senator X knows he has led by example.
- He has also led this chamber with a steadfast calm.
- President, your leadership has led us that way as well too.
- President, your leadership has led us that way as well too.
Summary:
The Maryland Senate convened for the opening day of the 449th legislative session, with an invocation delivered by Reverend Amen Flowers and the prayer journalized without objection. The clerk then called the roll, establishing a quorum with 46 senators present and the Senate ready to conduct business. The first order of business was the election of a temporary presiding officer, followed by the election of the permanent presiding officer.
Senator Ben Brooks nominated Senator Malcolm Augustine to serve as President Pro Tem, and Senator Karen Lewis Young seconded the nomination, both praising his policy knowledge, collaborative style, and ability to work across differences. The Senate then voted and elected Augustine as President Pro Tem, after which he was escorted to the rostrum and sworn in. Augustine thanked colleagues, his family, and the chamber, and said he looked forward to working through a challenging session together on behalf of Marylanders.
The Senate next nominated and elected Senator William C. Ferguson IV as President of the Senate. Senator Charles Sydnor nominated him, and Senator Cory McCray seconded, describing Ferguson as an honest broker, steady leader, and compassionate presiding officer. Ferguson was elected with 46 affirmative votes, took the oath of office, and delivered extended remarks about the importance of federalism, the role of states in filling gaps left by the federal government, and the need for Maryland to lead through state-level action during a difficult political climate. He also thanked colleagues, staff, and his family, and emphasized that the session would require collaboration and focus on Marylanders' needs.
KY
Kentucky 2026 Regular Session
Budget Review Subcommittee on Heath and Family Service. (6-3-26)
Transcript Highlights:
- And to us, we say this over and over again: is locally led, state-coordinated interventions.
- <00:42:34.640>
statecoordinated again is locally led statecoordinated again is locally led - again, this is where the locally led again, this is where the locally led really<00:46:54.560>
supporting this locally led supporting this locally led statecoordinated<01:13:03.199>- And so when we work with partners led.
approach
Keywords:
Meeting Start 00:00:00
Attendance Roll Call 00:00:20
CRISP Shared Services 00:01:39
Rural Health Transformation Plan 00:30:55, 958, all
Summary:
The Budget Review Subcommittee on Health and Family Services opened its first meeting of the 2026 interim session, took roll, and moved directly into presentations. The main presentation was from Ryan Bramble of Crisp Shared Services, who described the organization’s health information exchange and health data utility model in Kentucky and other states. He emphasized that Crisp is a nonprofit, that data ownership remains with providers, and that governance is local. He also outlined the technical infrastructure, including a master patient index, cloud-based data lake, support for modern standards like FHIR and USCDI as well as older formats, and data quality tools used to normalize and standardize information. Bramble said the model is intended to reduce duplication, lower costs, and support rural providers and future use cases such as reporting, analytics, and AI-enabled decision support.
Members asked how the state can ensure the data is actually used and who should drive priorities for health care improvement. Bramble said Crisp can provide tools, expertise, and examples from other states, but local teams such as KHI and state stakeholders must tailor and lead utilization efforts. In response to questions about ownership and coordination, he stressed that successful HIE governance requires a multistakeholder body that includes hospitals, health plans, government, and other interests, with a unified approach rather than multiple competing directives. He also said the Commonwealth has an opportunity to convene those stakeholders and set clear priorities.
A senator raised concerns that responsibility for Medicaid and broader health policy has become fragmented and suggested a stronger central role for the state, possibly through the Department of Public Health, to coordinate health priorities. Bramble agreed that a single convening authority and multistakeholder governance are important, and noted that local governance should determine what data is shared and how it is used. No votes or formal actions were taken during this portion of the meeting. After Bramble’s presentation and questions, the committee was told that Secretary Stack from the cabinet would testify next on the rural health transformation plan.
FL
Transcript Highlights:
- You still led, maybe broken in places, but still with a steady hand.
- In fact, the two of you complemented one another and led this chamber as a team.
- In fact, the two of you complemented one another and led this chamber as a team.
- And you have really led with, when you were president, you led with grace, with dignity, and strength
- And that eventually led to your endorsement.
Summary:
The Senate convened with a quorum, opened with prayer and the Pledge of Allegiance, and recognized several guests, including a state champion Crossroads Academy girls basketball team and a Florida State University student intern. The chamber then turned to executive appointment confirmations reported by the Committee on Ethics and Elections and other reference committees under Rule 12.7, with Chair Don Gates explaining that the committee had reviewed the qualifications and suitability of the nominees and held public hearings where required.
Members debated several confirmations at length. The report containing 186 appointments was adopted 31-0 after Senator Polsky explained her no votes on three nominees, citing concerns about past comments and ideological views. The Senate then confirmed Jeffrey Aaron to the Public Employee Relations Commission by a 26-10 vote after sharp debate over his role as counsel to the Hope Florida Foundation and allegations tied to the diversion of Medicaid settlement funds; supporters argued he was a competent lawyer and no formal action had been taken against him. Chavon Harris was confirmed as Secretary of the Agency for Health Care Administration by a 32-5 vote, with supporters praising her work on Medicaid funding and opponents criticizing her prior leadership at DCF and the Hope Florida-related issues. Taylor Hatch was confirmed as Secretary of the Department of Children and Families by a 33-4 vote, despite concerns raised about SNAP/EBT compliance, child welfare practices, audits, and DCF’s handling of Hope Florida; supporters emphasized her commitment to reform and the difficulty of the agency’s mission.
After a brief recess, the Senate held a lengthy recognition of outgoing President Kathleen Passidomo. Senators from both parties offered personal tributes focused on her leadership, toughness, humor, mentorship, and support for colleagues, especially women in the chamber. Several speakers also referenced her handling of difficult bills, her post-presidency service as Rules Chair, and her resilience after personal loss. No further legislative action was taken during the recognition segment.
US
US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session
US House Floor Proceedings (Tuesday, January 21, 2025)
US Federal House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- She's been the champion of the Piedmont Environmental Council for decades and led the successful fight
- Council for the pedmont environmental Council for decades<00:11:34.160>
and <00:11:34.279>led - The Pledge of Allegiance will be led by the gentleman from Utah, Mr. Moore.
- <02:36:34.960>
by <02:36:35.560>the establish a new task force led by the establish - <02:46:58.359>
by land exchange Act of 2025 led by land exchange Act of 2025 led by representative