Transcript Highlights:

• The Senate Committee on Rules will come to order.
• Those rules... ...depends on emissions reductions from mobile sources.
• I've been on the Rules Committee since when we confirmed you earlier.
• policies and rules.
• What are the rules and policies of that in our current policies and rules?

Keywords: 987, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• His death was ruled an overdose, and that was simply not true.
• My own son, Richard Matus Jr., was also ruled an overdose.
• He did, and the sheriff coroner ruled it an accident and not a suicide.
• It creates real opportunities for them to drive change.
• If you can please call the rule.

Summary: The committee met without a quorum and operated as a subcommittee while hearing several bills on public safety, parole, criminal justice oversight, Proposition 36 implementation, behavioral health, gang database reform, cargo theft, and nonconsensual intimate images. The chair explained hearing procedures and noted that SB 906 was pulled from the agenda. Several measures were heard but not voted on because quorum was lacking. SB 1446, a committee bill, would expand discretion in en banc parole review, make en banc votes public record, and allow CDCR referrals for sexually violent predator evaluation of certain incarcerated people serving determinate or indeterminate terms. Support came from the California District Attorneys Association; opposition came from the Ella Baker Center, Uncommon Law, public defenders, and others who argued it would add confusion, litigation risk, and unnecessary duplication. The author said the bill was intended to clarify review standards and improve transparency. SB 1278 would exclude certain sex offenses and habitual/one-strike offenders from elderly parole eligibility. The San Diego District Attorney’s Office and California District Attorneys Association supported it, citing cases such as Gregory Vogelsang and David Funston; opponents from Uncommon Law, the Ella Baker Center, and others argued elderly parole is already highly restrictive, evidence-based, and cost-effective. Vice Chair Seyarto strongly supported SB 1278, emphasizing victim justice and public safety. SB 1354 would bar out-of-state military personnel not operating under Title 10 from entering California to perform military or law enforcement functions without the governor’s permission; a committee amendment removed a criminal penalty and left enforcement to the Attorney General. SB 926 would provide funding for Proposition 36 implementation, with committee amendments deleting a specific appropriation and shifting funding decisions to the budget process; supporters said counties need resources for treatment, probation, and administration, while opponents criticized the bill as fiscally reckless and duplicative. SB 874 would require background checks and clearer statewide standards for Medi-Cal behavioral health treatment services, especially ABA services for children; supporters said it would improve patient safety and program integrity. SB 1210 would extend CalGang-style oversight, notice, appeal, and DOJ regulation to all gang databases, not just shared ones; supporters described harms from inaccurate, unregulated local databases, while police chiefs opposed applying the CalGang framework to all local investigative files. The committee also heard SB 1019, which would create a DOJ cargo theft task force and add reporting requirements; supporters from BNSF, trucking, shipping, ports, and law enforcement said organized cargo theft is harming supply chains and worker safety, and no opposition was presented. Finally, SB 1217 would create a DOJ clearinghouse to help victims remove nonconsensual intimate images, including AI-generated deepfakes, from covered platforms; amendments narrowed the bill’s scope and clarified law enforcement’s role. The author and survivor witnesses described ongoing trauma from repeated reposting of exploitative images and argued the bill would provide a centralized removal process. The transcript ends during testimony on SB 1217, with no final votes taken on the measures heard.

Transcript Highlights:

• And so that's what I'm most worried about, where we have driving costs and driving, you know, increasing
• And so that's what I'm most worried about, where we have driving costs and driving, you know, increasing
• And so that's what I'm most worried about, where we have driving costs and driving, you know, increasing
• And so that's what I'm most worried about, where we have driving costs and driving, you know, increasing
• We would want to address those things because that's what we know drives up costs and drives frustration

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• . >> A quorum is present can drive it. You very much. A quorum being present.
• and the rules sometimes are just education.
• You know, the driving reasons for that initial denial on a clean claim is duplicate it.
• Everyone has to follow the same rules.
• But, you know, going we follow a very strict set of rules and procedures.

Transcript Highlights:

• Or the MOU is no longer needed due to SOAH's own rules of a procedure that applied to all general docket
• So we have, so first of all, it's done according to the rules of evidence, Texas rules of evidence and
• Do I want to go drive into Austin every day as we're about to start construction on 35?
• that I I Tim, you drive to Austin every day, as well.
• This bill does is actually strengthens current rules. Currently, there are no guardrails in place.

Bills: HB3146, HB3719, HB3895, HB3923, HB4748, HB4751, HB4936, HB4952, HB4990, HB4991, HB5061, HB5196, HB5238, HB5246, HB5487

Keywords: State Office of Administrative Hearings, SOAH, administrative hearings, contested case, contested case hearing, administrative law judge, ALJ, final decision, proposed decision, agency hearing, hearing continuance, rescheduling, Texas administrative law, Government Code Chapter 2001, workers' compensation, Department of Human Resources, Texas Labor Code, Transportation Code, Agriculture Code, Insurance Code

Transcript Highlights:

• Again, the idea that you drive somewhere is not in and of itself worth doubling a criminal penalty.
• The front establishes language and default rules.
• <01:07:47.200> The<01:07:47.440> middle language and default rules.
• The middle language and default rules.
• about the rules committee? about the rules committee?

Keywords: 916, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Additional comments will be ruled out of order.
• Violations of these rules may subject you to removal or other enforcement action.
• This includes advising on the lobbying rules outside of the training that is the subject of this bill
• And when you do the robo-driving bill, I'd like to be... ...answer questions from members.
• They have ruled those to be constitutional.

Keywords: 988, house, all

Summary: The committee heard several election-related measures. AB 2592 would transfer lobbyist training from the legislative ethics committees to the FPPC starting in 2029 and make the training available online and on demand; it drew support from the FPPC and a request that the Legislature retain final approval over harassment-prevention content. AB 2573 would clarify and expand California’s confidential voter registration protections for elected officials and candidates, with support from the Secretary of State and county election officials; members raised questions about family-member coverage and possible misuse by candidates, and the bill was supported as amended. AB 1664 would require election officials to notify the Secretary of State and Attorney General within one business day of any warrant, subpoena, or investigation involving election records or voting systems, and would let the Attorney General intervene to protect election materials; it passed unanimously out of committee. AB 2691 would add felony sexual assault and human trafficking convictions to the list of offenses that disqualify a person from running for or holding state or local office; supporters framed it as a public-trust and prevention measure, while members discussed second chances and concerns about overbreadth, and it also passed unanimously. The committee also approved AB 2413, which would bar public funds from being used for large-format public advertisements featuring elected officials, and AB 2281, which would have the Office of Election Cybersecurity assess whether additional resources are needed to replace lost federal cybersecurity support and allow consultation with academic researchers; both passed without opposition. AB 2484 would let San Diego voters approve a local transactions and use tax for the Metropolitan Transit System through the initiative process and exclude it from the existing statutory cap; supporters said it would help address a looming transit fiscal cliff, while an opponent argued it created a special tax rule and questioned why a Prop. 218 process was not used. The bill passed 6-1. The committee also took up AB 2230, which would prohibit immigration enforcement from entering within 100 feet of voting centers and child care facilities. Supporters said it would protect voters and children from intimidation, while opponents questioned enforceability, federal jurisdiction, and whether there was evidence of the problem; the discussion became contentious, with members citing recent ICE activity and concerns about racial profiling. The transcript ends before the final disposition of AB 2230 is shown.

Transcript Highlights:

• That is set in rule. >> Okay.
• That is set in rule. meeting. That is set in rule.
• <01:42:58.480> at This is the sex buyers are driving at This is the sex buyers are driving
• <02:13:50.000> it degree but the idea is to to drive it degree but the idea is to to drive
• Um... ...the courts will rule.

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• work in these 12 counties, it is really important that we collaborate with our partners and really drive
• When the PED had the rule hearing around the New Mexico Grown Rule, we had some of the greatest participation
• We need these guys to realize they have to build under the specifications and the rules.
• We do have a nice set of rules in the legislature; we've never changed it. Whatever we get stays.
• Please drive safe.

Transcript Highlights:

• It will set the ground rules.
• This is based on the law and the rules that were in effect when we bought our property, when we filed
• It could also have an unconstitutional retroactive impact on Black Mountain by changing the rules in
• Bills like this are driving Texas in ownership and investment away to make room for outside capital,
• Actually, in other places, like in Taiwan, they have very... ...specialized rules about mining taking

Summary: The committee first took up SB 2203, relating to certification of discovery issues in TCEQ contested cases referred to SOAH. The chair noted the House had already passed the companion HB 3249, then moved SB 2203 without amendments. The motion prevailed on a 5-0 vote, and the bill was reported favorably to the full House. The committee then heard SB 1898, which would prohibit the use of PFAS-containing firefighting foam for testing and training, while still allowing it in emergency firefighting. The sponsor described PFAS as “forever chemicals” and said the bill would protect firefighters, water supplies, and public health. Testimony in support came from Environment Texas, which cited contamination concerns and noted other states and federal actions restricting PFAS foams. No one testified against the bill, and after closing testimony the committee left SB 1898 pending. The remainder of the hearing focused on SB 1758, a Grayson County pilot program aimed at addressing potential conflicts between Global Wafers’ semiconductor wafer facility and a proposed Black Mountain Cement/aggregate operation. Supporters, including Global Wafers, Grayson County officials, and manufacturing groups, argued that vibration from mining or blasting could threaten a major national-security semiconductor investment and that an independent BEG study was needed to set safe parameters. Opponents from Black Mountain Cement and related industry groups argued the bill would improperly interfere with a lawful permitting process, pick winners and losers, and harm Texas’ pro-business climate; they also said they had already revised operations and removed blast mining. The discussion included extensive questioning about geology, vibration, the permitting timeline, and whether the issue was really about mining rather than the air permit. No vote was taken on SB 1758 in the portion provided.

Transcript Highlights:

• Each city sets its own rules for training, each city sets its own rules for licensing fees, its own rules
• There are 856 Minnesota cities, only 108 regulate massage therapy each with different rules.
• In some cities a therapist needs rules.
• There still has to be some rules and establishment after that.
• Because, as you mentioned, the myriad of rules and requirements that are out there is substantial.

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• We made ground rules for respectful dialogue, and all had to agree to those rules.
• We made ground rules for respectful dialogue, and all had to agree to those rules.
• We made ground rules for respectful dialogue, and all had to agree to those rules.
• We made ground rules for respectful dialogue, and all had to agree to those rules.
• We made ground rules for respectful dialogue, and all had to agree to those rules.

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• But there is a lot of maple out there, and how sweet it is to have it here in New York State Driving
• If you're 17 years old, you can drive and pay taxes and work up to 28 hours a week, but ...
• YOU CAN DRIVE AND PAY TAXES AND WORK UP TO 28 HOUR AS WEEK BUT, If you have the misfortune of having
• Upon review of the amendment and... >> In accordance with Rule 6, Section 4B, I rule it nongermane and
• I want to remind the House the vote is on the procedures of the House and the ruling of the Chair.

Keywords: 993, senate, all

Summary: The Senate convened, approved the prior day’s journal, and then took up a series of previously adopted resolutions recognizing individuals, communities, and state traditions. The chamber honored Staff Sergeant Michael Ollis posthumously after his Medal of Honor recognition, with remarks from Senator Scarcella-Spanton and others praising his sacrifice and welcoming his parents. Senators also celebrated New York maple producers and Maple Weekends, Bangladesh Independence Day and the contributions of Bangladeshi New Yorkers, York Middle/High School girls varsity volleyball for winning a state championship, Pavilion/York Air Rifle for winning the state invitational championship, and Tartan Day. These resolutions were adopted, and the sponsors opened them for co-sponsorship. The Senate then moved through the regular calendar and passed multiple bills, including measures on environmental conservation, personal property, agriculture and markets, insurance, state law, executive law, workers’ compensation, election law, correction law, public health, and parks/historic preservation. Most passed with broad support, though some drew a handful of negative votes. One bill on election law, allowing certain 17-year-olds to vote in primaries if they will be 18 by the general election, prompted supportive floor debate from several senators and passed 43-17. Another bill on correction law also passed after debate. A notable controversy arose over Calendar 227, a Public Authorities Law bill related to school energy planning and electric buses. Senator Borrello challenged an amendment as nongermane, the Chair ruled against it, and the Senate voted 22-0 to sustain the ruling. The underlying bill then passed, despite criticism from senators who argued the state should repeal the electric bus mandate and instead study safer, more practical alternatives for school districts. The Senate then completed its business and adjourned until March 24 at 3:00 p.m.

Transcript Highlights:

• has repeatedly attacked individual federal judges by name, simply because they had the audacity to rule
• cartels seek to expand their power through deep-rooted corruption, ruthless violence, and relentless drive
• And then we dove into talking about the cartels and their drive.
• That is because we've been a nation of laws, governed by the rule of law and the separation of powers
• If that judge rules that the administration is in contempt, and issues an order to effectuate her ruling

Keywords: fentanyl crisis, DEA, drug trafficking, public safety, Judea Serrata, Terrence Cole, judicial security, social media, drug prevention

Summary: The committee meeting centered on the urgent crisis of fentanyl abuse and the government’s response to the drug trafficking epidemic. Key discussions revolved around the nomination of Terrence Cole as the Administrator of the DEA and Judea Serrata as Director of the U.S. Marshals Service. Cole emphasized his commitment to combating the fentanyl crisis, highlighting the rising number of overdose deaths and the necessity of bipartisan efforts to dismantle drug cartels. Members engaged in dialogue on the effectiveness of various strategies and the importance of education aimed at preventing drug-related deaths among youth. Additionally, the challenges of social media in drug trafficking were highlighted, indicating a need for greater accountability in how platforms handle such issues. Senators voiced concerns about the impact of administration policies on judicial security and the resources available for marshals to perform their critical roles.

Transcript Highlights:

• When I drive Department of Commerce.
• The amount the interest rate is set by in Minnesota rule, and specifically it's Minnesota Rule 7825.3500
• Minnesota rule Minnesota rule and<00:30:21.360> specifically<00:30:21.919> it's<00
• :30:22.159> Minnesota<00:30:22.559> rule and specifically it's Minnesota rule and specifically
• And what are we doing to cost drive the cost of energy up?

Bills: HF4236, HF4122, HF4377

Keywords: public utility, interim rates, utility rates, rate case, general rate case, Minnesota Public Utilities Commission, PUC, rate increase cap, rate freeze, refunds, customer refunds, ratepayer protection, electric utility, gas utility, regulated utility, ratemaking, return on equity, rate base, test year, rate design

Transcript Highlights:

• While I run my kids to after-school activities, these moms pack a car for a one-to-six-plus-hour drive
• generators to power their children’s portable ventilators in hopes that they don’t give out in the drive
• So does the state have to write some new rules... Thank you.
• So does the state have to write some new rules in relation to whether it's training on the pediatric
• Rules is in recess. All right. Great. Thank you, everyone. Rules is in recess.

Bills: SJR1, SM2

Keywords: school elections, partisan elections, voting rights, constitutional amendment, New Mexico, elector registration, pediatric palliative care, pediatric hospice, Medicaid, state plan amendment, Health Care Authority, children with serious illness, life-limiting conditions, complex medical conditions, curative care, concurrent care, family-centered care, hospice services, managed care, pain management

Transcript Highlights:

• So out of date, it's kind of like a car as soon as you drive it off a lot, you know.
• So out of date, it's kind of like a car as soon as you drive it off a lot, you know.
• Do you anticipate when this rule, not the technical one, but the public records, would begin?
• think, with House and Senate counsel to kind of amend them so that they're in alignment with their rules
• Do you anticipate when this rule, not the technical one, but the public records would begin when you

Summary: The committee began with introductions of members and staff, then approved the minutes from the previous meeting and approved a step increase for Code Advisor Kathy Buckley. Staff reported on publication sales and distribution, noting that 2024 paper and paid sales were down from prior years, while online access and reduced demand for printed copies continued to trend downward. Members discussed the continuing role of printed RCWs and session laws, with staff explaining that libraries and counties remain the main paper purchasers and that some specialized titles are still produced in print and electronic formats. The committee then reviewed a table of “multiple actions” affecting RCW sections from the 2025 session. Staff explained that 153 sections had multiple amendments or related actions, but most could be merged through editorial authority; about 10 sections would likely need future legislative cleanup. The committee approved the table, allowing staff to proceed with merging where possible. Financially, staff reported the office was on track to return about $542,000 to the state, though that amount may decrease slightly because of end-of-year purchases, including a shared printer for LSS. They also noted a slight budget reduction for the next fiscal year, but said staffing adjustments and existing coverage should prevent problems. The committee discussed upcoming rulemaking to align the office’s public records procedures with House and Senate practices, including designating a public records officer and updating language to reflect current legislative structure. Staff said the process would follow standard APA rulemaking and could take roughly six months. Members also heard about a prior “video auditor” incident at the office and the office’s response and training. Finally, staff provided a building update: the office is scheduled to move back into the renovated Pritchard building on September 14, 2026, with furniture selection underway. At the end of the meeting, staff shared session statistics, including 424 session law chapters, 1,305 House bills introduced, 1,082 Senate bills introduced, 238 House bills passed, and 193 Senate bills passed, and the committee adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• It's a license to drive, but you don't need it to drive. It's not like don't need it to drive.
• rules, and most members may not have rules, and most members may not have seen this, but look at rule
• If you was driving that car, it had points in it at driving that car, it had points in it at driving
• I don't know all the rules, the games and stuff like the rules, the games and stuff like the rules, the
• The rules. do we call them procedure? The rules. do we call them procedure? The rules. Yes.

Bills: HB 200, HB 541, HB 1803, HB 30, HB 175, HB 249, HB 721, HB 851, HB 897, HB 1128, HB 1904, HB 1916, HB 5560, HB 3071, HB 5627, HB 5435, HB 3913, HB 2921, HB 2695, HB 2688, HB 3045, HB 3483, HB 3673, HB 4213, HB 4226, HB 783, HB 4373, HB 4735, HB 5155, HB 5057, HB 4984, HB 4944, HB 4813, HB 5339, HB 5196, HB 5033, HB 4853, HB 3486, HB 4211, HB 74, HB 4670, HB 4730, HB 4743, HB 4603, HB 4463, HB 3892, HB 4139, HB 4752, HB 4520, HB 4517, HB 4486, HB 4437, HB 4426, HB 4396, HB 4263, HB 3487, HB 3418, HB 2284, HB 2266, HB 2229, HB 4912, HB 2189, HB 4506, HB 5269, HB 5224, HB 5195, HB 3317, HB 4166, HB 3947, HB 3358, HB 3370, HB 4438, HB 3745, HB 3602, HB 3697, HB 2001, HB 1968, HB 3371, HB 3909, HCR 7, SB 1744, SB 1364, SB 1316, HB 2026, HB 3302, HB 3368, HB 1639, HB 5652, HB 4655, HB 5654, HB 5658, HB 5656, HB 4894, HB 4996, HB 5088, HB 5650, HB 4464, HB 3751, HB 5665, HB 5661, HB 1237, HB 2802, HB 5437, HB 2703, HB 5666, HB 5667, HCR 113, HCR 86, SB 2196, SB 463, SB 856, SB 1245, SB 1169, SB 509, SB 985, SB 305, SB 552, HB 1535, HB 123, HB 1804, HB 426, HB 1773, HB 1871, HB 2035, HB 2492, HB 1411, HB 4753, HB 4666, HB 4529, HB 1499, HB 1610, HB 2028, HB 1506, HB 886, HB 3546, HB 796, HB 223, HB 3556, HB 2448, HB 4638, HB 111, HB 180, HB 1027, HB 1178, HB 610, HB 1277, HB 1615, HB 1620, HB 5342, HB 4885, HB 4751, HB 4530, HB 4488, HB 2149, HB 2071, HB 2282, HB 2248, HB 2243, HB 2522, HB 2310, HB 2513, HB 2300, HB 1902, HB 1813, HB 3719, HB 4284, HB 3743, HB 3778, HB 5153, HB 5147, HB 4877, HB 4850, HB 3261, HB 3005, HB 3033, HB 2849, HB 2967, HB 3531, HB 1768, HB 333, HB 2914, HB 2613, HB 3717, HB 3704, HB 2697, HB 3801, HB 3099, HB 3488, HB 3477, HB 3466, HB 3396, HB 3469, HB 2594, HB 2776, HB 2564, HB 2298, HB 5331, HB 5646, HB 5247, HB 5323, HB 4384, HB 3896, HB 4014, HB 3627, HB 3594, HB 2524, HB 510, HB 561, HB 5111, HB 5446, HB 1181, HB 3963, HB 2785, HB 1661, HB 2460, HB 200, HB 541, HB 1803, HB 30, HB 175, HB 249, HB 721, HB 851, HB 897, HB 1128, HB 1904, HB 1916, HB 5560, HB 3071, HB 5627, HB 5435, HB 3913, HB 2921, HB 2695, HB 2688, HB 3045, HB 3483, HB 3673, HB 4213, HB 4226, HB 783, HB 4373, HB 4735, HB 5155, HB 5057, HB 4984, HB 4944, HB 4813, HB 5339, HB 5196, HB 5033, HB 4853, HB 3486, HB 4211, HB 74, HB 4670, HB 4730, HB 4743, HB 4603, HB 4463, HB 3892, HB 4139, HB 4752, HB 4520, HB 4517, HB 4486, HB 4437, HB 4426, HB 4396, HB 4263, HB 3487, HB 3418, HB 2284, HB 2266, HB 2229, HB 4912, HB 2189, HB 4506, HB 5269, HB 5224, HB 5195, HB 3317, HB 4166, HB 3947, HB 3358, HB 3370, HB 4438, HB 3745, HB 3602, HB 3697, HB 2001, HB 1968, HB 3371, HB 3909, HCR 98, HCR 92, HCR 126, HCR 7

Keywords: juvenile offenders, parole eligibility, youth justice, criminal justice reform, inmate rehabilitation, direct patient care, healthcare, physicians, medical services, insurance regulation, dentist, dental hygienist, interstate practice, licensure, compact privilege, public health, military members, disaster relief, tax rates, local government

Transcript Highlights:

• I move to suspend House Rule 5, Section 11 of the House Rules to entitle necessary staff... from the
• rule.
• 8, Section 4 of the House Rules 1.
• SB 1, motion to suspend three-day rule. Mr.
• HB 500 motion to suspend three-day rule. Mr.

Bills: SB1, HB500, SB1, HB1400, HB 1094, HB365, HB 1109, HB647, HB500

Keywords: appropriations, budget, state funding, education, healthcare, infrastructure, state budget, mental health funding, education funding, infrastructure improvements, public safety, groundwater, water conservation, financial assistance, Texas Water Development Board, innovation fund, local conservation districts, transportation protection agreement, funeral services, insurance exemption

Transcript Highlights:

• That is what is driving these small businesses out of business.
• However, back in 2015, they passed a rule that if we don't tap or chip-read a card, we are going to be
• They control their rules. They don't have to accept credit cards. I understand why they do.
• The effect of the district court's ruling is to exempt large national banks and out-of-state chartered
• That allowed me to reinstate my driver's license after 15 years of not being able to drive.

Keywords: 995, all

Summary: The Joint Committee on Financial Services heard testimony on several bills focused on financial security, banking regulation, and payment-card fees. Treasurer Deborah Goldberg supported the Massachusetts baby bonds proposal (H. 48) and also endorsed bills on matched savings (H. 1158/S. 737) and retirement planning/Secure Choice (H. 1143/S. 722), arguing these measures would help address wealth inequality, build assets, and improve retirement readiness. Supporters of baby bonds included policy experts and health advocates from Children’s Health Watch and Boston Medical Center, who said early-life asset building could improve long-term economic and health outcomes for children in low-income families. AARP also urged passage of the retirement planning bill, citing the large share of private-sector workers without access to an employer retirement plan. Representative Donato testified for H. 1143, describing it as a voluntary retirement-savings opportunity for workers at small employers. The committee also heard testimony on H. 3933, concerning the Massachusetts Credit Union Share Insurance Corporation, from former Bank Commissioner Mike Hanson, who defended the state’s full deposit insurance system for credit unions and savings institutions as a longstanding consumer-protection model. The Massachusetts Bankers Association raised concerns about the bill’s technical provisions and broader credit union/bank competitive issues, while the Cooperative Credit Union Association supported related legislation allowing modest compensation for credit union directors (S. 821/H. 1338) and flexibility for state financial institutions to grow through partnerships (S. 723). Bankers opposed those credit union bills, arguing they would upset a level playing field and blur long-standing distinctions between banks and credit unions. A major portion of the hearing focused on H. 1259/S. 688, which would prohibit card interchange fees on the tax and gratuity portions of restaurant transactions. Restaurant owners and the Massachusetts Restaurant Association testified in favor, saying the fees are a significant and growing expense, especially as most customers now pay by card; they argued the bills would save restaurants money without affecting state revenue. Credit union, banking, and payments-industry representatives opposed the bills, saying interchange helps fund fraud protection and payment infrastructure, that the proposal would create compliance burdens and likely litigation, and that it would mainly affect Massachusetts-chartered institutions while national banks could be preempted. Committee members noted that a commission on payment-card fees is being established and said the issue would be studied further. The hearing also included support for a separate bill on virtual credit cards for dental providers, with dentists saying automatic virtual-card payments impose hidden processing fees and fraud risks.